Changeset 14755e5 for src/ResolvExpr/Resolver.cc

Timestamp:

Feb 8, 2024, 11:07:42 AM (9 months ago)

Author:

Andrew Beach <ajbeach@…>

Branches:

master

Children:

3be6ef3

Parents:

956299b

Message:

Updated indentation in Resolver. Removed trailing whitespace.

File:

• src/ResolvExpr/Resolver.cc (modified) (1 diff)

src/ResolvExpr/Resolver.cc

@@ -50 +50 @@
 
 namespace ResolvExpr {
-        namespace {
-                /// Finds deleted expressions in an expression tree
-                struct DeleteFinder final : public ast::WithShortCircuiting, public ast::WithVisitorRef<DeleteFinder> {
-                        const ast::DeletedExpr * result = nullptr;
-
-                        void previsit( const ast::DeletedExpr * expr ) {
-                                if ( result ) { visit_children = false; }
-                                else { result = expr; }
+
+namespace {
+        /// Finds deleted expressions in an expression tree
+        struct DeleteFinder final : public ast::WithShortCircuiting, public ast::WithVisitorRef<DeleteFinder> {
+                const ast::DeletedExpr * result = nullptr;
+
+                void previsit( const ast::DeletedExpr * expr ) {
+                        if ( result ) { visit_children = false; }
+                        else { result = expr; }
+                }
+
+                void previsit( const ast::Expr * expr ) {
+                        if ( result ) { visit_children = false; }
+                        if (expr->inferred.hasParams()) {
+                                for (auto & imp : expr->inferred.inferParams() ) {
+                                        imp.second.expr->accept(*visitor);
+                                }
                         }
-
-                        void previsit( const ast::Expr * expr ) {
-                                if ( result ) { visit_children = false; }
-                                if (expr->inferred.hasParams()) {
-                                        for (auto & imp : expr->inferred.inferParams() ) {
-                                                imp.second.expr->accept(*visitor);
+                }
+        };
+
+        struct ResolveDesignators final : public ast::WithShortCircuiting {
+                ResolveContext& context;
+                bool result = false;
+
+                ResolveDesignators( ResolveContext& _context ): context(_context) {};
+
+                void previsit( const ast::Node * ) {
+                        // short circuit if we already know there are designations
+                        if ( result ) visit_children = false;
+                }
+
+                void previsit( const ast::Designation * des ) {
+                        if ( result ) visit_children = false;
+                        else if ( ! des->designators.empty() ) {
+                                if ( (des->designators.size() == 1) ) {
+                                        const ast::Expr * designator = des->designators.at(0);
+                                        if ( const ast::NameExpr * designatorName = dynamic_cast<const ast::NameExpr *>(designator) ) {
+                                                auto candidates = context.symtab.lookupId(designatorName->name);
+                                                for ( auto candidate : candidates ) {
+                                                        if ( dynamic_cast<const ast::EnumInstType *>(candidate.id->get_type()) ) {
+                                                                result = true;
+                                                                break;
+                                                        }
+                                                }
+                                        }
+                                }
+                                visit_children = false;
+                        }
+                }
+        };
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+/// Check if this expression is or includes a deleted expression
+const ast::DeletedExpr * findDeletedExpr( const ast::Expr * expr ) {
+        return ast::Pass<DeleteFinder>::read( expr );
+}
+
+namespace {
+        /// always-accept candidate filter
+        bool anyCandidate( const Candidate & ) { return true; }
+
+        /// Calls the CandidateFinder and finds the single best candidate
+        CandidateRef findUnfinishedKindExpression(
+                const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context, const std::string & kind,
+                std::function<bool(const Candidate &)> pred = anyCandidate, ResolveMode mode = {}
+        ) {
+                if ( ! untyped ) return nullptr;
+
+                // xxx - this isn't thread-safe, but should work until we parallelize the resolver
+                static unsigned recursion_level = 0;
+
+                ++recursion_level;
+                ast::TypeEnvironment env;
+                CandidateFinder finder( context, env );
+                finder.allowVoid = true;
+                finder.find( untyped, recursion_level == 1 ? mode.atTopLevel() : mode );
+                --recursion_level;
+
+                // produce a filtered list of candidates
+                CandidateList candidates;
+                for ( auto & cand : finder.candidates ) {
+                        if ( pred( *cand ) ) { candidates.emplace_back( cand ); }
+                }
+
+                // produce invalid error if no candidates
+                if ( candidates.empty() ) {
+                        SemanticError( untyped,
+                                toString( "No reasonable alternatives for ", kind, (kind != "" ? " " : ""),
+                                "expression: ") );
+                }
+
+                // search for cheapest candidate
+                CandidateList winners;
+                bool seen_undeleted = false;
+                for ( CandidateRef & cand : candidates ) {
+                        int c = winners.empty() ? -1 : cand->cost.compare( winners.front()->cost );
+
+                        if ( c > 0 ) continue;  // skip more expensive than winner
+
+                        if ( c < 0 ) {
+                                // reset on new cheapest
+                                seen_undeleted = ! findDeletedExpr( cand->expr );
+                                winners.clear();
+                        } else /* if ( c == 0 ) */ {
+                                if ( findDeletedExpr( cand->expr ) ) {
+                                        // skip deleted expression if already seen one equivalent-cost not
+                                        if ( seen_undeleted ) continue;
+                                } else if ( ! seen_undeleted ) {
+                                        // replace list of equivalent-cost deleted expressions with one non-deleted
+                                        winners.clear();
+                                        seen_undeleted = true;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        winners.emplace_back( std::move( cand ) );
+                }
+
+                // promote candidate.cvtCost to .cost
+                // promoteCvtCost( winners );
+
+                // produce ambiguous errors, if applicable
+                if ( winners.size() != 1 ) {
+                        std::ostringstream stream;
+                        stream << "Cannot choose between " << winners.size() << " alternatives for "
+                                << kind << (kind != "" ? " " : "") << "expression\n";
+                        ast::print( stream, untyped );
+                        stream << " Alternatives are:\n";
+                        print( stream, winners, 1 );
+                        SemanticError( untyped->location, stream.str() );
+                }
+
+                // single selected choice
+                CandidateRef & choice = winners.front();
+
+                // fail on only expression deleted
+                if ( ! seen_undeleted ) {
+                        SemanticError( untyped->location, choice->expr.get(), "Unique best alternative "
+                        "includes deleted identifier in " );
+                }
+
+                return std::move( choice );
+        }
+
+        /// Strips extraneous casts out of an expression
+        struct StripCasts final {
+                const ast::Expr * postvisit( const ast::CastExpr * castExpr ) {
+                        if (
+                                castExpr->isGenerated == ast::GeneratedCast
+                                && typesCompatible( castExpr->arg->result, castExpr->result )
+                        ) {
+                                // generated cast is the same type as its argument, remove it after keeping env
+                                return ast::mutate_field(
+                                        castExpr->arg.get(), &ast::Expr::env, castExpr->env );
+                        }
+                        return castExpr;
+                }
+
+                static void strip( ast::ptr< ast::Expr > & expr ) {
+                        ast::Pass< StripCasts > stripper;
+                        expr = expr->accept( stripper );
+                }
+        };
+
+        /// Swaps argument into expression pointer, saving original environment
+        void swap_and_save_env( ast::ptr< ast::Expr > & expr, const ast::Expr * newExpr ) {
+                ast::ptr< ast::TypeSubstitution > env = expr->env;
+                expr.set_and_mutate( newExpr )->env = env;
+        }
+
+        /// Removes cast to type of argument (unlike StripCasts, also handles non-generated casts)
+        void removeExtraneousCast( ast::ptr<ast::Expr> & expr ) {
+                if ( const ast::CastExpr * castExpr = expr.as< ast::CastExpr >() ) {
+                        if ( typesCompatible( castExpr->arg->result, castExpr->result ) ) {
+                                // cast is to the same type as its argument, remove it
+                                swap_and_save_env( expr, castExpr->arg );
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+/// Establish post-resolver invariants for expressions
+void finishExpr(
+        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > & expr, const ast::TypeEnvironment & env,
+        const ast::TypeSubstitution * oldenv = nullptr
+) {
+        // set up new type substitution for expression
+        ast::ptr< ast::TypeSubstitution > newenv =
+                 oldenv ? oldenv : new ast::TypeSubstitution{};
+        env.writeToSubstitution( *newenv.get_and_mutate() );
+        expr.get_and_mutate()->env = std::move( newenv );
+        // remove unncecessary casts
+        StripCasts::strip( expr );
+}
+
+ast::ptr< ast::Expr > resolveInVoidContext(
+        const ast::Expr * expr, const ResolveContext & context,
+        ast::TypeEnvironment & env
+) {
+        assertf( expr, "expected a non-null expression" );
+
+        // set up and resolve expression cast to void
+        ast::ptr< ast::CastExpr > untyped = new ast::CastExpr{ expr };
+        CandidateRef choice = findUnfinishedKindExpression(
+                untyped, context, "", anyCandidate, ResolveMode::withAdjustment() );
+
+        // a cast expression has either 0 or 1 interpretations (by language rules);
+        // if 0, an exception has already been thrown, and this code will not run
+        const ast::CastExpr * castExpr = choice->expr.strict_as< ast::CastExpr >();
+        env = std::move( choice->env );
+
+        return castExpr->arg;
+}
+
+/// Resolve `untyped` to the expression whose candidate is the best match for a `void`
+/// context.
+ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findVoidExpression(
+        const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context
+) {
+        ast::TypeEnvironment env;
+        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > newExpr = resolveInVoidContext( untyped, context, env );
+        finishExpr( newExpr, env, untyped->env );
+        return newExpr;
+}
+
+namespace {
+        /// resolve `untyped` to the expression whose candidate satisfies `pred` with the
+        /// lowest cost, returning the resolved version
+        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findKindExpression(
+                const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context,
+                std::function<bool(const Candidate &)> pred = anyCandidate,
+                const std::string & kind = "", ResolveMode mode = {}
+        ) {
+                if ( ! untyped ) return {};
+                CandidateRef choice =
+                        findUnfinishedKindExpression( untyped, context, kind, pred, mode );
+                ResolvExpr::finishExpr( choice->expr, choice->env, untyped->env );
+                return std::move( choice->expr );
+        }
+
+        /// Resolve `untyped` to the single expression whose candidate is the best match
+        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findSingleExpression(
+                const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context
+        ) {
+                Stats::ResolveTime::start( untyped );
+                auto res = findKindExpression( untyped, context );
+                Stats::ResolveTime::stop();
+                return res;
+        }
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findSingleExpression(
+        const ast::Expr * untyped, const ast::Type * type,
+        const ResolveContext & context
+) {
+        assert( untyped && type );
+        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > castExpr = new ast::CastExpr{ untyped, type };
+        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > newExpr = findSingleExpression( castExpr, context );
+        removeExtraneousCast( newExpr );
+        return newExpr;
+}
+
+namespace {
+        bool structOrUnion( const Candidate & i ) {
+                const ast::Type * t = i.expr->result->stripReferences();
+                return dynamic_cast< const ast::StructInstType * >( t ) || dynamic_cast< const ast::UnionInstType * >( t );
+        }
+        /// Predicate for "Candidate has integral type"
+        bool hasIntegralType( const Candidate & i ) {
+                const ast::Type * type = i.expr->result;
+
+                if ( auto bt = dynamic_cast< const ast::BasicType * >( type ) ) {
+                        return bt->isInteger();
+                } else if (
+                        dynamic_cast< const ast::EnumInstType * >( type )
+                        || dynamic_cast< const ast::ZeroType * >( type )
+                        || dynamic_cast< const ast::OneType * >( type )
+                ) {
+                        return true;
+                } else return false;
+        }
+
+        /// Resolve `untyped` as an integral expression, returning the resolved version
+        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findIntegralExpression(
+                const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context
+        ) {
+                return findKindExpression( untyped, context, hasIntegralType, "condition" );
+        }
+
+        /// check if a type is a character type
+        bool isCharType( const ast::Type * t ) {
+                if ( auto bt = dynamic_cast< const ast::BasicType * >( t ) ) {
+                        return bt->kind == ast::BasicType::Char
+                                || bt->kind == ast::BasicType::SignedChar
+                                || bt->kind == ast::BasicType::UnsignedChar;
+                }
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        /// Advance a type itertor to the next mutex parameter
+        template<typename Iter>
+        inline bool nextMutex( Iter & it, const Iter & end ) {
+                while ( it != end && ! (*it)->is_mutex() ) { ++it; }
+                return it != end;
+        }
+}
+
+class Resolver final
+: public ast::WithSymbolTable, public ast::WithGuards,
+  public ast::WithVisitorRef<Resolver>, public ast::WithShortCircuiting,
+  public ast::WithStmtsToAdd<> {
+
+        ast::ptr< ast::Type > functionReturn = nullptr;
+        ast::CurrentObject currentObject;
+        // for work previously in GenInit
+        static InitTweak::ManagedTypes managedTypes;
+        ResolveContext context;
+
+        bool inEnumDecl = false;
+
+public:
+        static size_t traceId;
+        Resolver( const ast::TranslationGlobal & global ) :
+                ast::WithSymbolTable(ast::SymbolTable::ErrorDetection::ValidateOnAdd),
+                context{ symtab, global } {}
+        Resolver( const ResolveContext & context ) :
+                ast::WithSymbolTable{ context.symtab },
+                context{ symtab, context.global } {}
+
+        const ast::FunctionDecl * previsit( const ast::FunctionDecl * );
+        const ast::FunctionDecl * postvisit( const ast::FunctionDecl * );
+        const ast::ObjectDecl * previsit( const ast::ObjectDecl * );
+        void previsit( const ast::AggregateDecl * );
+        void previsit( const ast::StructDecl * );
+        void previsit( const ast::EnumDecl * );
+        const ast::StaticAssertDecl * previsit( const ast::StaticAssertDecl * );
+
+        const ast::ArrayType * previsit( const ast::ArrayType * );
+        const ast::PointerType * previsit( const ast::PointerType * );
+
+        const ast::ExprStmt *        previsit( const ast::ExprStmt * );
+        const ast::AsmExpr *         previsit( const ast::AsmExpr * );
+        const ast::AsmStmt *         previsit( const ast::AsmStmt * );
+        const ast::IfStmt *          previsit( const ast::IfStmt * );
+        const ast::WhileDoStmt *     previsit( const ast::WhileDoStmt * );
+        const ast::ForStmt *         previsit( const ast::ForStmt * );
+        const ast::SwitchStmt *      previsit( const ast::SwitchStmt * );
+        const ast::CaseClause *      previsit( const ast::CaseClause * );
+        const ast::BranchStmt *      previsit( const ast::BranchStmt * );
+        const ast::ReturnStmt *      previsit( const ast::ReturnStmt * );
+        const ast::ThrowStmt *       previsit( const ast::ThrowStmt * );
+        const ast::CatchClause *     previsit( const ast::CatchClause * );
+        const ast::CatchClause *     postvisit( const ast::CatchClause * );
+        const ast::WaitForStmt *     previsit( const ast::WaitForStmt * );
+        const ast::WithStmt *        previsit( const ast::WithStmt * );
+
+        const ast::SingleInit *      previsit( const ast::SingleInit * );
+        const ast::ListInit *        previsit( const ast::ListInit * );
+        const ast::ConstructorInit * previsit( const ast::ConstructorInit * );
+
+        void resolveWithExprs(std::vector<ast::ptr<ast::Expr>> & exprs, std::list<ast::ptr<ast::Stmt>> & stmtsToAdd);
+
+        void beginScope() { managedTypes.beginScope(); }
+        void endScope() { managedTypes.endScope(); }
+        bool on_error(ast::ptr<ast::Decl> & decl);
+};
+// size_t Resolver::traceId = Stats::Heap::new_stacktrace_id("Resolver");
+
+InitTweak::ManagedTypes Resolver::managedTypes;
+
+void resolve( ast::TranslationUnit& translationUnit ) {
+        ast::Pass< Resolver >::run( translationUnit, translationUnit.global );
+}
+
+ast::ptr< ast::Init > resolveCtorInit(
+        const ast::ConstructorInit * ctorInit, const ResolveContext & context
+) {
+        assert( ctorInit );
+        ast::Pass< Resolver > resolver( context );
+        return ctorInit->accept( resolver );
+}
+
+const ast::Expr * resolveStmtExpr(
+        const ast::StmtExpr * stmtExpr, const ResolveContext & context
+) {
+        assert( stmtExpr );
+        ast::Pass< Resolver > resolver( context );
+        auto ret = mutate(stmtExpr->accept(resolver));
+        strict_dynamic_cast< ast::StmtExpr * >( ret )->computeResult();
+        return ret;
+}
+
+namespace {
+        const ast::Attribute * handleAttribute(const CodeLocation & loc, const ast::Attribute * attr, const ResolveContext & context) {
+                std::string name = attr->normalizedName();
+                if (name == "constructor" || name == "destructor") {
+                        if (attr->params.size() == 1) {
+                                auto arg = attr->params.front();
+                                auto resolved = ResolvExpr::findSingleExpression( arg, new ast::BasicType( ast::BasicType::LongLongSignedInt ), context );
+                                auto result = eval(arg);
+
+                                auto mutAttr = mutate(attr);
+                                mutAttr->params.front() = resolved;
+                                if (! result.hasKnownValue) {
+                                        SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes,
+                                                toCString( name, " priorities must be integers from 0 to 65535 inclusive: ", arg ) );
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                        auto priority = result.knownValue;
+                                        if (priority < 101) {
+                                                SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes,
+                                                        toCString( name, " priorities from 0 to 100 are reserved for the implementation" ) );
+                                        } else if (priority < 201 && ! buildingLibrary()) {
+                                                SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes,
+                                                        toCString( name, " priorities from 101 to 200 are reserved for the implementation" ) );
+                                        }
+                                }
+                                return mutAttr;
+                        } else if (attr->params.size() > 1) {
+                                SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes, toCString( "too many arguments to ", name, " attribute" ) );
+                        } else {
+                                SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes, toCString( "too few arguments to ", name, " attribute" ) );
+                        }
+                }
+                return attr;
+        }
+}
+
+const ast::FunctionDecl * Resolver::previsit( const ast::FunctionDecl * functionDecl ) {
+        GuardValue( functionReturn );
+
+        assert (functionDecl->unique());
+        if (!functionDecl->has_body() && !functionDecl->withExprs.empty()) {
+                SemanticError(functionDecl->location, functionDecl, "Function without body has with declarations");
+        }
+
+        if (!functionDecl->isTypeFixed) {
+                auto mutDecl = mutate(functionDecl);
+                auto mutType = mutDecl->type.get_and_mutate();
+
+                for (auto & attr: mutDecl->attributes) {
+                        attr = handleAttribute(mutDecl->location, attr, context );
+                }
+
+                // handle assertions
+
+                symtab.enterScope();
+                mutType->forall.clear();
+                mutType->assertions.clear();
+                for (auto & typeParam : mutDecl->type_params) {
+                        symtab.addType(typeParam);
+                        mutType->forall.emplace_back(new ast::TypeInstType(typeParam));
+                }
+                for (auto & asst : mutDecl->assertions) {
+                        asst = fixObjectType(asst.strict_as<ast::ObjectDecl>(), context);
+                        symtab.addId(asst);
+                        mutType->assertions.emplace_back(new ast::VariableExpr(functionDecl->location, asst));
+                }
+
+                // temporarily adds params to symbol table.
+                // actual scoping rules for params and withexprs differ - see Pass::visit(FunctionDecl)
+
+                std::vector<ast::ptr<ast::Type>> paramTypes;
+                std::vector<ast::ptr<ast::Type>> returnTypes;
+
+                for (auto & param : mutDecl->params) {
+                        param = fixObjectType(param.strict_as<ast::ObjectDecl>(), context);
+                        symtab.addId(param);
+                        paramTypes.emplace_back(param->get_type());
+                }
+                for (auto & ret : mutDecl->returns) {
+                        ret = fixObjectType(ret.strict_as<ast::ObjectDecl>(), context);
+                        returnTypes.emplace_back(ret->get_type());
+                }
+                // since function type in decl is just a view of param types, need to update that as well
+                mutType->params = std::move(paramTypes);
+                mutType->returns = std::move(returnTypes);
+
+                auto renamedType = strict_dynamic_cast<const ast::FunctionType *>(renameTyVars(mutType, RenameMode::GEN_EXPR_ID));
+
+                std::list<ast::ptr<ast::Stmt>> newStmts;
+                resolveWithExprs (mutDecl->withExprs, newStmts);
+
+                if (mutDecl->stmts) {
+                        auto mutStmt = mutDecl->stmts.get_and_mutate();
+                        mutStmt->kids.splice(mutStmt->kids.begin(), std::move(newStmts));
+                        mutDecl->stmts = mutStmt;
+                }
+
+                symtab.leaveScope();
+
+                mutDecl->type = renamedType;
+                mutDecl->mangleName = Mangle::mangle(mutDecl);
+                mutDecl->isTypeFixed = true;
+                functionDecl = mutDecl;
+        }
+        managedTypes.handleDWT(functionDecl);
+
+        functionReturn = extractResultType( functionDecl->type );
+        return functionDecl;
+}
+
+const ast::FunctionDecl * Resolver::postvisit( const ast::FunctionDecl * functionDecl ) {
+        // default value expressions have an environment which shouldn't be there and trips up
+        // later passes.
+        assert( functionDecl->unique() );
+        ast::FunctionType * mutType = mutate( functionDecl->type.get() );
+
+        for ( unsigned i = 0 ; i < mutType->params.size() ; ++i ) {
+                if ( const ast::ObjectDecl * obj = mutType->params[i].as< ast::ObjectDecl >() ) {
+                        if ( const ast::SingleInit * init = obj->init.as< ast::SingleInit >() ) {
+                                if ( init->value->env == nullptr ) continue;
+                                // clone initializer minus the initializer environment
+                                auto mutParam = mutate( mutType->params[i].strict_as< ast::ObjectDecl >() );
+                                auto mutInit = mutate( mutParam->init.strict_as< ast::SingleInit >() );
+                                auto mutValue = mutate( mutInit->value.get() );
+
+                                mutValue->env = nullptr;
+                                mutInit->value = mutValue;
+                                mutParam->init = mutInit;
+                                mutType->params[i] = mutParam;
+
+                                assert( ! mutType->params[i].strict_as< ast::ObjectDecl >()->init.strict_as< ast::SingleInit >()->value->env);
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        mutate_field(functionDecl, &ast::FunctionDecl::type, mutType);
+        return functionDecl;
+}
+
+const ast::ObjectDecl * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ObjectDecl * objectDecl ) {
+        // To handle initialization of routine pointers [e.g. int (*fp)(int) = foo()],
+        // class-variable `initContext` is changed multiple times because the LHS is analyzed
+        // twice. The second analysis changes `initContext` because a function type can contain
+        // object declarations in the return and parameter types. Therefore each value of
+        // `initContext` is retained so the type on the first analysis is preserved and used for
+        // selecting the RHS.
+        GuardValue( currentObject );
+
+        if ( inEnumDecl && dynamic_cast< const ast::EnumInstType * >( objectDecl->get_type() ) ) {
+                // enumerator initializers should not use the enum type to initialize, since the
+                // enum type is still incomplete at this point. Use `int` instead.
+
+                if ( auto enumBase = dynamic_cast< const ast::EnumInstType * >
+                        ( objectDecl->get_type() )->base->base ) {
+                        objectDecl = fixObjectType( objectDecl, context );
+                        currentObject = ast::CurrentObject{
+                                objectDecl->location,
+                                enumBase
+                        };
+                } else {
+                        objectDecl = fixObjectType( objectDecl, context );
+                        currentObject = ast::CurrentObject{
+                                objectDecl->location, new ast::BasicType{ ast::BasicType::SignedInt } };
+                }
+        } else {
+                if ( !objectDecl->isTypeFixed ) {
+                        auto newDecl = fixObjectType(objectDecl, context);
+                        auto mutDecl = mutate(newDecl);
+
+                        // generate CtorInit wrapper when necessary.
+                        // in certain cases, fixObjectType is called before reaching
+                        // this object in visitor pass, thus disabling CtorInit codegen.
+                        // this happens on aggregate members and function parameters.
+                        if ( InitTweak::tryConstruct( mutDecl ) && ( managedTypes.isManaged( mutDecl ) || ((! isInFunction() || mutDecl->storage.is_static ) && ! InitTweak::isConstExpr( mutDecl->init ) ) ) ) {
+                                // constructed objects cannot be designated
+                                if ( InitTweak::isDesignated( mutDecl->init ) ) {
+                                        ast::Pass<ResolveDesignators> res( context );
+                                        maybe_accept( mutDecl->init.get(), res );
+                                        if ( !res.core.result ) {
+                                                SemanticError( mutDecl, "Cannot include designations in the initializer for a managed Object.\n"
+                                                                           "If this is really what you want, initialize with @=." );
+                                        }
+                                }
+                                // constructed objects should not have initializers nested too deeply
+                                if ( ! InitTweak::checkInitDepth( mutDecl ) ) SemanticError( mutDecl, "Managed object's initializer is too deep " );
+
+                                mutDecl->init = InitTweak::genCtorInit( mutDecl->location, mutDecl );
+                        }
+
+                        objectDecl = mutDecl;
+                }
+                currentObject = ast::CurrentObject{ objectDecl->location, objectDecl->get_type() };
+        }
+
+        return objectDecl;
+}
+
+void Resolver::previsit( const ast::AggregateDecl * _aggDecl ) {
+        auto aggDecl = mutate(_aggDecl);
+        assertf(aggDecl == _aggDecl, "type declarations must be unique");
+
+        for (auto & member: aggDecl->members) {
+                // nested type decls are hoisted already. no need to do anything
+                if (auto obj = member.as<ast::ObjectDecl>()) {
+                        member = fixObjectType(obj, context);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+void Resolver::previsit( const ast::StructDecl * structDecl ) {
+        previsit(static_cast<const ast::AggregateDecl *>(structDecl));
+        managedTypes.handleStruct(structDecl);
+}
+
+void Resolver::previsit( const ast::EnumDecl * ) {
+        // in case we decide to allow nested enums
+        GuardValue( inEnumDecl );
+        inEnumDecl = true;
+        // don't need to fix types for enum fields
+}
+
+const ast::StaticAssertDecl * Resolver::previsit(
+        const ast::StaticAssertDecl * assertDecl
+) {
+        return ast::mutate_field(
+                assertDecl, &ast::StaticAssertDecl::cond,
+                findIntegralExpression( assertDecl->cond, context ) );
+}
+
+template< typename PtrType >
+const PtrType * handlePtrType( const PtrType * type, const ResolveContext & context ) {
+        if ( type->dimension ) {
+                const ast::Type * sizeType = context.global.sizeType.get();
+                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > dimension = findSingleExpression( type->dimension, sizeType, context );
+                assertf(dimension->env->empty(), "array dimension expr has nonempty env");
+                dimension.get_and_mutate()->env = nullptr;
+                ast::mutate_field( type, &PtrType::dimension, dimension );
+        }
+        return type;
+}
+
+const ast::ArrayType * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ArrayType * at ) {
+        return handlePtrType( at, context );
+}
+
+const ast::PointerType * Resolver::previsit( const ast::PointerType * pt ) {
+        return handlePtrType( pt, context );
+}
+
+const ast::ExprStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ExprStmt * exprStmt ) {
+        visit_children = false;
+        assertf( exprStmt->expr, "ExprStmt has null expression in resolver" );
+
+        return ast::mutate_field(
+                exprStmt, &ast::ExprStmt::expr, findVoidExpression( exprStmt->expr, context ) );
+}
+
+const ast::AsmExpr * Resolver::previsit( const ast::AsmExpr * asmExpr ) {
+        visit_children = false;
+
+        asmExpr = ast::mutate_field(
+                asmExpr, &ast::AsmExpr::operand, findVoidExpression( asmExpr->operand, context ) );
+
+        return asmExpr;
+}
+
+const ast::AsmStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::AsmStmt * asmStmt ) {
+        visitor->maybe_accept( asmStmt, &ast::AsmStmt::input );
+        visitor->maybe_accept( asmStmt, &ast::AsmStmt::output );
+        visit_children = false;
+        return asmStmt;
+}
+
+const ast::IfStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::IfStmt * ifStmt ) {
+        return ast::mutate_field(
+                ifStmt, &ast::IfStmt::cond, findIntegralExpression( ifStmt->cond, context ) );
+}
+
+const ast::WhileDoStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::WhileDoStmt * whileDoStmt ) {
+        return ast::mutate_field(
+                whileDoStmt, &ast::WhileDoStmt::cond, findIntegralExpression( whileDoStmt->cond, context ) );
+}
+
+const ast::ForStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ForStmt * forStmt ) {
+        if ( forStmt->cond ) {
+                forStmt = ast::mutate_field(
+                        forStmt, &ast::ForStmt::cond, findIntegralExpression( forStmt->cond, context ) );
+        }
+
+        if ( forStmt->inc ) {
+                forStmt = ast::mutate_field(
+                        forStmt, &ast::ForStmt::inc, findVoidExpression( forStmt->inc, context ) );
+        }
+
+        return forStmt;
+}
+
+const ast::SwitchStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::SwitchStmt * switchStmt ) {
+        GuardValue( currentObject );
+        switchStmt = ast::mutate_field(
+                switchStmt, &ast::SwitchStmt::cond,
+                findIntegralExpression( switchStmt->cond, context ) );
+        currentObject = ast::CurrentObject{ switchStmt->location, switchStmt->cond->result };
+        return switchStmt;
+}
+
+const ast::CaseClause * Resolver::previsit( const ast::CaseClause * caseStmt ) {
+        if ( caseStmt->cond ) {
+                std::deque< ast::InitAlternative > initAlts = currentObject.getOptions();
+                assertf( initAlts.size() == 1, "SwitchStmt did not correctly resolve an integral "
+                        "expression." );
+
+                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > untyped =
+                        new ast::CastExpr{ caseStmt->location, caseStmt->cond, initAlts.front().type };
+                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > newExpr = findSingleExpression( untyped, context );
+
+                // case condition cannot have a cast in C, so it must be removed here, regardless of
+                // whether it would perform a conversion.
+                if ( const ast::CastExpr * castExpr = newExpr.as< ast::CastExpr >() ) {
+                        swap_and_save_env( newExpr, castExpr->arg );
+                }
+
+                caseStmt = ast::mutate_field( caseStmt, &ast::CaseClause::cond, newExpr );
+        }
+        return caseStmt;
+}
+
+const ast::BranchStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::BranchStmt * branchStmt ) {
+        visit_children = false;
+        // must resolve the argument of a computed goto
+        if ( branchStmt->kind == ast::BranchStmt::Goto && branchStmt->computedTarget ) {
+                // computed goto argument is void*
+                ast::ptr< ast::Type > target = new ast::PointerType{ new ast::VoidType{} };
+                branchStmt = ast::mutate_field(
+                        branchStmt, &ast::BranchStmt::computedTarget,
+                        findSingleExpression( branchStmt->computedTarget, target, context ) );
+        }
+        return branchStmt;
+}
+
+const ast::ReturnStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ReturnStmt * returnStmt ) {
+        visit_children = false;
+        if ( returnStmt->expr ) {
+                returnStmt = ast::mutate_field(
+                        returnStmt, &ast::ReturnStmt::expr,
+                        findSingleExpression( returnStmt->expr, functionReturn, context ) );
+        }
+        return returnStmt;
+}
+
+const ast::ThrowStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ThrowStmt * throwStmt ) {
+        visit_children = false;
+        if ( throwStmt->expr ) {
+                const ast::StructDecl * exceptionDecl =
+                        symtab.lookupStruct( "__cfaehm_base_exception_t" );
+                assert( exceptionDecl );
+                ast::ptr< ast::Type > exceptType =
+                        new ast::PointerType{ new ast::StructInstType{ exceptionDecl } };
+                throwStmt = ast::mutate_field(
+                        throwStmt, &ast::ThrowStmt::expr,
+                        findSingleExpression( throwStmt->expr, exceptType, context ) );
+        }
+        return throwStmt;
+}
+
+const ast::CatchClause * Resolver::previsit( const ast::CatchClause * catchClause ) {
+        // Until we are very sure this invarent (ifs that move between passes have then)
+        // holds, check it. This allows a check for when to decode the mangling.
+        if ( auto ifStmt = catchClause->body.as<ast::IfStmt>() ) {
+                assert( ifStmt->then );
+        }
+        // Encode the catchStmt so the condition can see the declaration.
+        if ( catchClause->cond ) {
+                ast::CatchClause * clause = mutate( catchClause );
+                clause->body = new ast::IfStmt( clause->location, clause->cond, nullptr, clause->body );
+                clause->cond = nullptr;
+                return clause;
+        }
+        return catchClause;
+}
+
+const ast::CatchClause * Resolver::postvisit( const ast::CatchClause * catchClause ) {
+        // Decode the catchStmt so everything is stored properly.
+        const ast::IfStmt * ifStmt = catchClause->body.as<ast::IfStmt>();
+        if ( nullptr != ifStmt && nullptr == ifStmt->then ) {
+                assert( ifStmt->cond );
+                assert( ifStmt->else_ );
+                ast::CatchClause * clause = ast::mutate( catchClause );
+                clause->cond = ifStmt->cond;
+                clause->body = ifStmt->else_;
+                // ifStmt should be implicately deleted here.
+                return clause;
+        }
+        return catchClause;
+}
+
+const ast::WaitForStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::WaitForStmt * stmt ) {
+        visit_children = false;
+
+        // Resolve all clauses first
+        for ( unsigned i = 0; i < stmt->clauses.size(); ++i ) {
+                const ast::WaitForClause & clause = *stmt->clauses[i];
+
+                ast::TypeEnvironment env;
+                CandidateFinder funcFinder( context, env );
+
+                // Find all candidates for a function in canonical form
+                funcFinder.find( clause.target, ResolveMode::withAdjustment() );
+
+                if ( funcFinder.candidates.empty() ) {
+                        stringstream ss;
+                        ss << "Use of undeclared indentifier '";
+                        ss << clause.target.strict_as< ast::NameExpr >()->name;
+                        ss << "' in call to waitfor";
+                        SemanticError( stmt->location, ss.str() );
+                }
+
+                if ( clause.target_args.empty() ) {
+                        SemanticError( stmt->location,
+                                "Waitfor clause must have at least one mutex parameter");
+                }
+
+                // Find all alternatives for all arguments in canonical form
+                std::vector< CandidateFinder > argFinders =
+                        funcFinder.findSubExprs( clause.target_args );
+
+                // List all combinations of arguments
+                std::vector< CandidateList > possibilities;
+                combos( argFinders.begin(), argFinders.end(), back_inserter( possibilities ) );
+
+                // For every possible function:
+                // * try matching the arguments to the parameters, not the other way around because
+                //   more arguments than parameters
+                CandidateList funcCandidates;
+                std::vector< CandidateList > argsCandidates;
+                SemanticErrorException errors;
+                for ( CandidateRef & func : funcFinder.candidates ) {
+                        try {
+                                auto pointerType = dynamic_cast< const ast::PointerType * >(
+                                        func->expr->result->stripReferences() );
+                                if ( ! pointerType ) {
+                                        SemanticError( stmt->location, func->expr->result.get(),
+                                                "candidate not viable: not a pointer type\n" );
+                                }
+
+                                auto funcType = pointerType->base.as< ast::FunctionType >();
+                                if ( ! funcType ) {
+                                        SemanticError( stmt->location, func->expr->result.get(),
+                                                "candidate not viable: not a function type\n" );
+                                }
+
+                                {
+                                        auto param    = funcType->params.begin();
+                                        auto paramEnd = funcType->params.end();
+
+                                        if( ! nextMutex( param, paramEnd ) ) {
+                                                SemanticError( stmt->location, funcType,
+                                                        "candidate function not viable: no mutex parameters\n");
+                                        }
+                                }
+
+                                CandidateRef func2{ new Candidate{ *func } };
+                                // strip reference from function
+                                func2->expr = referenceToRvalueConversion( func->expr, func2->cost );
+
+                                // Each argument must be matched with a parameter of the current candidate
+                                for ( auto & argsList : possibilities ) {
+                                        try {
+                                                // Declare data structures needed for resolution
+                                                ast::OpenVarSet open;
+                                                ast::AssertionSet need, have;
+                                                ast::TypeEnvironment resultEnv{ func->env };
+                                                // Add all type variables as open so that those not used in the
+                                                // parameter list are still considered open
+                                                resultEnv.add( funcType->forall );
+
+                                                // load type variables from arguments into one shared space
+                                                for ( auto & arg : argsList ) {
+                                                        resultEnv.simpleCombine( arg->env );
+                                                }
+
+                                                // Make sure we don't widen any existing bindings
+                                                resultEnv.forbidWidening();
+
+                                                // Find any unbound type variables
+                                                resultEnv.extractOpenVars( open );
+
+                                                auto param = funcType->params.begin();
+                                                auto paramEnd = funcType->params.end();
+
+                                                unsigned n_mutex_param = 0;
+
+                                                // For every argument of its set, check if it matches one of the
+                                                // parameters. The order is important
+                                                for ( auto & arg : argsList ) {
+                                                        // Ignore non-mutex arguments
+                                                        if ( ! nextMutex( param, paramEnd ) ) {
+                                                                // We ran out of parameters but still have arguments.
+                                                                // This function doesn't match
+                                                                SemanticError( stmt->location, funcType,
+                                                                        toString("candidate function not viable: too many mutex "
+                                                                        "arguments, expected ", n_mutex_param, "\n" ) );
+                                                        }
+
+                                                        ++n_mutex_param;
+
+                                                        // Check if the argument matches the parameter type in the current scope.
+                                                        // ast::ptr< ast::Type > paramType = (*param)->get_type();
+
+                                                        if (
+                                                                ! unify(
+                                                                        arg->expr->result, *param, resultEnv, need, have, open )
+                                                        ) {
+                                                                // Type doesn't match
+                                                                stringstream ss;
+                                                                ss << "candidate function not viable: no known conversion "
+                                                                        "from '";
+                                                                ast::print( ss, *param );
+                                                                ss << "' to '";
+                                                                ast::print( ss, arg->expr->result );
+                                                                ss << "' with env '";
+                                                                ast::print( ss, resultEnv );
+                                                                ss << "'\n";
+                                                                SemanticError( stmt->location, funcType, ss.str() );
+                                                        }
+
+                                                        ++param;
+                                                }
+
+                                                // All arguments match!
+
+                                                // Check if parameters are missing
+                                                if ( nextMutex( param, paramEnd ) ) {
+                                                        do {
+                                                                ++n_mutex_param;
+                                                                ++param;
+                                                        } while ( nextMutex( param, paramEnd ) );
+
+                                                        // We ran out of arguments but still have parameters left; this
+                                                        // function doesn't match
+                                                        SemanticError( stmt->location, funcType,
+                                                                toString( "candidate function not viable: too few mutex "
+                                                                "arguments, expected ", n_mutex_param, "\n" ) );
+                                                }
+
+                                                // All parameters match!
+
+                                                // Finish the expressions to tie in proper environments
+                                                finishExpr( func2->expr, resultEnv );
+                                                for ( CandidateRef & arg : argsList ) {
+                                                        finishExpr( arg->expr, resultEnv );
+                                                }
+
+                                                // This is a match, store it and save it for later
+                                                funcCandidates.emplace_back( std::move( func2 ) );
+                                                argsCandidates.emplace_back( std::move( argsList ) );
+
+                                        } catch ( SemanticErrorException & e ) {
+                                                errors.append( e );
+                                        }
+                                }
+                        } catch ( SemanticErrorException & e ) {
+                                errors.append( e );
+                        }
+                }
+
+                // Make sure correct number of arguments
+                if( funcCandidates.empty() ) {
+                        SemanticErrorException top( stmt->location,
+                                "No alternatives for function in call to waitfor" );
+                        top.append( errors );
+                        throw top;
+                }
+
+                if( argsCandidates.empty() ) {
+                        SemanticErrorException top( stmt->location,
+                                "No alternatives for arguments in call to waitfor" );
+                        top.append( errors );
+                        throw top;
+                }
+
+                if( funcCandidates.size() > 1 ) {
+                        SemanticErrorException top( stmt->location,
+                                "Ambiguous function in call to waitfor" );
+                        top.append( errors );
+                        throw top;
+                }
+                if( argsCandidates.size() > 1 ) {
+                        SemanticErrorException top( stmt->location,
+                                "Ambiguous arguments in call to waitfor" );
+                        top.append( errors );
+                        throw top;
+                }
+                // TODO: need to use findDeletedExpr to ensure no deleted identifiers are used.
+
+                // build new clause
+                auto clause2 = new ast::WaitForClause( clause.location );
+
+                clause2->target = funcCandidates.front()->expr;
+
+                clause2->target_args.reserve( clause.target_args.size() );
+                const ast::StructDecl * decl_monitor = symtab.lookupStruct( "monitor$" );
+                for ( auto arg : argsCandidates.front() ) {
+                        const auto & loc = stmt->location;
+
+                        ast::Expr * init = new ast::CastExpr( loc,
+                                new ast::UntypedExpr( loc,
+                                        new ast::NameExpr( loc, "get_monitor" ),
+                                        { arg->expr }
+                                ),
+                                new ast::PointerType(
+                                        new ast::StructInstType(
+                                                decl_monitor
+                                        )
+                                )
+                        );
+
+                        clause2->target_args.emplace_back( findSingleExpression( init, context ) );
+                }
+
+                // Resolve the conditions as if it were an IfStmt, statements normally
+                clause2->when_cond = findSingleExpression( clause.when_cond, context );
+                clause2->stmt = clause.stmt->accept( *visitor );
+
+                // set results into stmt
+                auto n = mutate( stmt );
+                n->clauses[i] = clause2;
+                stmt = n;
+        }
+
+        if ( stmt->timeout_stmt ) {
+                // resolve the timeout as a size_t, the conditions like IfStmt, and stmts normally
+                ast::ptr< ast::Type > target =
+                        new ast::BasicType{ ast::BasicType::LongLongUnsignedInt };
+                auto timeout_time = findSingleExpression( stmt->timeout_time, target, context );
+                auto timeout_cond = findSingleExpression( stmt->timeout_cond, context );
+                auto timeout_stmt = stmt->timeout_stmt->accept( *visitor );
+
+                // set results into stmt
+                auto n = mutate( stmt );
+                n->timeout_time = std::move( timeout_time );
+                n->timeout_cond = std::move( timeout_cond );
+                n->timeout_stmt = std::move( timeout_stmt );
+                stmt = n;
+        }
+
+        if ( stmt->else_stmt ) {
+                // resolve the condition like IfStmt, stmts normally
+                auto else_cond = findSingleExpression( stmt->else_cond, context );
+                auto else_stmt = stmt->else_stmt->accept( *visitor );
+
+                // set results into stmt
+                auto n = mutate( stmt );
+                n->else_cond = std::move( else_cond );
+                n->else_stmt = std::move( else_stmt );
+                stmt = n;
+        }
+
+        return stmt;
+}
+
+const ast::WithStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::WithStmt * withStmt ) {
+        auto mutStmt = mutate(withStmt);
+        resolveWithExprs(mutStmt->exprs, stmtsToAddBefore);
+        return mutStmt;
+}
+
+void Resolver::resolveWithExprs(std::vector<ast::ptr<ast::Expr>> & exprs, std::list<ast::ptr<ast::Stmt>> & stmtsToAdd) {
+        for (auto & expr : exprs) {
+                // only struct- and union-typed expressions are viable candidates
+                expr = findKindExpression( expr, context, structOrUnion, "with expression" );
+
+                // if with expression might be impure, create a temporary so that it is evaluated once
+                if ( Tuples::maybeImpure( expr ) ) {
+                        static UniqueName tmpNamer( "_with_tmp_" );
+                        const CodeLocation loc = expr->location;
+                        auto tmp = new ast::ObjectDecl(loc, tmpNamer.newName(), expr->result, new ast::SingleInit(loc, expr ) );
+                        expr = new ast::VariableExpr( loc, tmp );
+                        stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ast::DeclStmt(loc, tmp ) );
+                        if ( InitTweak::isConstructable( tmp->type ) ) {
+                                // generate ctor/dtor and resolve them
+                                tmp->init = InitTweak::genCtorInit( loc, tmp );
+                        }
+                        // since tmp is freshly created, this should modify tmp in-place
+                        tmp->accept( *visitor );
+                } else if (expr->env && expr->env->empty()) {
+                        expr = ast::mutate_field(expr.get(), &ast::Expr::env, nullptr);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+const ast::SingleInit * Resolver::previsit( const ast::SingleInit * singleInit ) {
+        visit_children = false;
+        // resolve initialization using the possibilities as determined by the `currentObject`
+        // cursor.
+        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > untyped = new ast::UntypedInitExpr{
+                singleInit->location, singleInit->value, currentObject.getOptions() };
+        ast::ptr<ast::Expr> newExpr = findSingleExpression( untyped, context );
+        const ast::InitExpr * initExpr = newExpr.strict_as< ast::InitExpr >();
+
+        // move cursor to the object that is actually initialized
+        currentObject.setNext( initExpr->designation );
+
+        // discard InitExpr wrapper and retain relevant pieces.
+        // `initExpr` may have inferred params in the case where the expression specialized a
+        // function pointer, and newExpr may already have inferParams of its own, so a simple
+        // swap is not sufficient
+        ast::Expr::InferUnion inferred = initExpr->inferred;
+        swap_and_save_env( newExpr, initExpr->expr );
+        newExpr.get_and_mutate()->inferred.splice( std::move(inferred) );
+
+        // get the actual object's type (may not exactly match what comes back from the resolver
+        // due to conversions)
+        const ast::Type * initContext = currentObject.getCurrentType();
+
+        removeExtraneousCast( newExpr );
+
+        // check if actual object's type is char[]
+        if ( auto at = dynamic_cast< const ast::ArrayType * >( initContext ) ) {
+                if ( isCharType( at->base ) ) {
+                        // check if the resolved type is char*
+                        if ( auto pt = newExpr->result.as< ast::PointerType >() ) {
+                                if ( isCharType( pt->base ) ) {
+                                        // strip cast if we're initializing a char[] with a char*
+                                        // e.g. char x[] = "hello"
+                                        if ( auto ce = newExpr.as< ast::CastExpr >() ) {
+                                                swap_and_save_env( newExpr, ce->arg );
                                         }
                                 }
                         }
-                };
-
-                struct ResolveDesignators final : public ast::WithShortCircuiting {
-                        ResolveContext& context;
-                        bool result = false;
-
-                        ResolveDesignators( ResolveContext& _context ): context{_context} {};
-
-                        void previsit( const ast::Node * ) {
-                                // short circuit if we already know there are designations
-                                if ( result ) visit_children = false;
-                        }
-
-                        void previsit( const ast::Designation * des ) {
-                                if ( result ) visit_children = false;
-                                else if ( ! des->designators.empty() ) {
-                                        if ( (des->designators.size() == 1) ) {
-                                                const ast::Expr * designator = des->designators.at(0);
-                                                if ( const ast::NameExpr * designatorName = dynamic_cast<const ast::NameExpr *>(designator) ) {
-                                                        auto candidates = context.symtab.lookupId(designatorName->name);
-                                                        for ( auto candidate : candidates ) {
-                                                                if ( dynamic_cast<const ast::EnumInstType *>(candidate.id->get_type()) ) {
-                                                                        result = true;
-                                                                        break;
-                                                                }
-                                                        }
-                                                }
-                                        }
-                                        visit_children = false;
-                                }
-                        }
-                };
-        } // anonymous namespace
-        /// Check if this expression is or includes a deleted expression
-        const ast::DeletedExpr * findDeletedExpr( const ast::Expr * expr ) {
-                return ast::Pass<DeleteFinder>::read( expr );
-        }
-
-        namespace {
-                /// always-accept candidate filter
-                bool anyCandidate( const Candidate & ) { return true; }
-
-                /// Calls the CandidateFinder and finds the single best candidate
-                CandidateRef findUnfinishedKindExpression(
-                        const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context, const std::string & kind,
-                        std::function<bool(const Candidate &)> pred = anyCandidate, ResolveMode mode = {}
-                ) {
-                        if ( ! untyped ) return nullptr;
-
-                        // xxx - this isn't thread-safe, but should work until we parallelize the resolver
-                        static unsigned recursion_level = 0;
-
-                        ++recursion_level;
-                        ast::TypeEnvironment env;
-                        CandidateFinder finder( context, env );
-                        finder.allowVoid = true;
-                        finder.find( untyped, recursion_level == 1 ? mode.atTopLevel() : mode );
-                        --recursion_level;
-
-                        // produce a filtered list of candidates
-                        CandidateList candidates;
-                        for ( auto & cand : finder.candidates ) {
-                                if ( pred( *cand ) ) { candidates.emplace_back( cand ); }
-                        }
-
-                        // produce invalid error if no candidates
-                        if ( candidates.empty() ) {
-                                SemanticError( untyped,
-                                        toString( "No reasonable alternatives for ", kind, (kind != "" ? " " : ""),
-                                        "expression: ") );
-                        }
-
-                        // search for cheapest candidate
-                        CandidateList winners;
-                        bool seen_undeleted = false;
-                        for ( CandidateRef & cand : candidates ) {
-                                int c = winners.empty() ? -1 : cand->cost.compare( winners.front()->cost );
-
-                                if ( c > 0 ) continue;  // skip more expensive than winner
-
-                                if ( c < 0 ) {
-                                        // reset on new cheapest
-                                        seen_undeleted = ! findDeletedExpr( cand->expr );
-                                        winners.clear();
-                                } else /* if ( c == 0 ) */ {
-                                        if ( findDeletedExpr( cand->expr ) ) {
-                                                // skip deleted expression if already seen one equivalent-cost not
-                                                if ( seen_undeleted ) continue;
-                                        } else if ( ! seen_undeleted ) {
-                                                // replace list of equivalent-cost deleted expressions with one non-deleted
-                                                winners.clear();
-                                                seen_undeleted = true;
-                                        }
-                                }
-
-                                winners.emplace_back( std::move( cand ) );
-                        }
-
-                        // promote candidate.cvtCost to .cost
-                        // promoteCvtCost( winners );
-
-                        // produce ambiguous errors, if applicable
-                        if ( winners.size() != 1 ) {
-                                std::ostringstream stream;
-                                stream << "Cannot choose between " << winners.size() << " alternatives for "
-                                        << kind << (kind != "" ? " " : "") << "expression\n";
-                                ast::print( stream, untyped );
-                                stream << " Alternatives are:\n";
-                                print( stream, winners, 1 );
-                                SemanticError( untyped->location, stream.str() );
-                        }
-
-                        // single selected choice
-                        CandidateRef & choice = winners.front();
-
-                        // fail on only expression deleted
-                        if ( ! seen_undeleted ) {
-                                SemanticError( untyped->location, choice->expr.get(), "Unique best alternative "
-                                "includes deleted identifier in " );
-                        }
-
-                        return std::move( choice );
-                }
-
-                /// Strips extraneous casts out of an expression
-                struct StripCasts final {
-                        const ast::Expr * postvisit( const ast::CastExpr * castExpr ) {
-                                if (
-                                        castExpr->isGenerated == ast::GeneratedCast
-                                        && typesCompatible( castExpr->arg->result, castExpr->result )
-                                ) {
-                                        // generated cast is the same type as its argument, remove it after keeping env
-                                        return ast::mutate_field(
-                                                castExpr->arg.get(), &ast::Expr::env, castExpr->env );
-                                }
-                                return castExpr;
-                        }
-
-                        static void strip( ast::ptr< ast::Expr > & expr ) {
-                                ast::Pass< StripCasts > stripper;
-                                expr = expr->accept( stripper );
-                        }
-                };
-
-                /// Swaps argument into expression pointer, saving original environment
-                void swap_and_save_env( ast::ptr< ast::Expr > & expr, const ast::Expr * newExpr ) {
-                        ast::ptr< ast::TypeSubstitution > env = expr->env;
-                        expr.set_and_mutate( newExpr )->env = env;
-                }
-
-                /// Removes cast to type of argument (unlike StripCasts, also handles non-generated casts)
-                void removeExtraneousCast( ast::ptr<ast::Expr> & expr ) {
-                        if ( const ast::CastExpr * castExpr = expr.as< ast::CastExpr >() ) {
-                                if ( typesCompatible( castExpr->arg->result, castExpr->result ) ) {
-                                        // cast is to the same type as its argument, remove it
-                                        swap_and_save_env( expr, castExpr->arg );
-                                }
-                        }
-                }
-
-
-        } // anonymous namespace
-/// Establish post-resolver invariants for expressions
-                void finishExpr(
-                        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > & expr, const ast::TypeEnvironment & env,
-                        const ast::TypeSubstitution * oldenv = nullptr
-                ) {
-                        // set up new type substitution for expression
-                        ast::ptr< ast::TypeSubstitution > newenv =
-                                 oldenv ? oldenv : new ast::TypeSubstitution{};
-                        env.writeToSubstitution( *newenv.get_and_mutate() );
-                        expr.get_and_mutate()->env = std::move( newenv );
-                        // remove unncecessary casts
-                        StripCasts::strip( expr );
-                }
-
-        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > resolveInVoidContext(
-                const ast::Expr * expr, const ResolveContext & context,
-                ast::TypeEnvironment & env
-        ) {
-                assertf( expr, "expected a non-null expression" );
-
-                // set up and resolve expression cast to void
-                ast::ptr< ast::CastExpr > untyped = new ast::CastExpr{ expr };
-                CandidateRef choice = findUnfinishedKindExpression(
-                        untyped, context, "", anyCandidate, ResolveMode::withAdjustment() );
-
-                // a cast expression has either 0 or 1 interpretations (by language rules);
-                // if 0, an exception has already been thrown, and this code will not run
-                const ast::CastExpr * castExpr = choice->expr.strict_as< ast::CastExpr >();
-                env = std::move( choice->env );
-
-                return castExpr->arg;
-        }
-
-        /// Resolve `untyped` to the expression whose candidate is the best match for a `void`
-                /// context.
-                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findVoidExpression(
-                        const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context
-                ) {
-                        ast::TypeEnvironment env;
-                        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > newExpr = resolveInVoidContext( untyped, context, env );
-                        finishExpr( newExpr, env, untyped->env );
-                        return newExpr;
-                }
-
-        namespace {
-
-
-                /// resolve `untyped` to the expression whose candidate satisfies `pred` with the
-                /// lowest cost, returning the resolved version
-                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findKindExpression(
-                        const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context,
-                        std::function<bool(const Candidate &)> pred = anyCandidate,
-                        const std::string & kind = "", ResolveMode mode = {}
-                ) {
-                        if ( ! untyped ) return {};
-                        CandidateRef choice =
-                                findUnfinishedKindExpression( untyped, context, kind, pred, mode );
-                        ResolvExpr::finishExpr( choice->expr, choice->env, untyped->env );
-                        return std::move( choice->expr );
-                }
-
-                /// Resolve `untyped` to the single expression whose candidate is the best match
-                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findSingleExpression(
-                        const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context
-                ) {
-                        Stats::ResolveTime::start( untyped );
-                        auto res = findKindExpression( untyped, context );
-                        Stats::ResolveTime::stop();
-                        return res;
-                }
-        } // anonymous namespace
-
-        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findSingleExpression(
-                const ast::Expr * untyped, const ast::Type * type,
-                const ResolveContext & context
-        ) {
-                assert( untyped && type );
-                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > castExpr = new ast::CastExpr{ untyped, type };
-                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > newExpr = findSingleExpression( castExpr, context );
-                removeExtraneousCast( newExpr );
-                return newExpr;
-        }
-
-        namespace {
-                bool structOrUnion( const Candidate & i ) {
-                        const ast::Type * t = i.expr->result->stripReferences();
-                        return dynamic_cast< const ast::StructInstType * >( t ) || dynamic_cast< const ast::UnionInstType * >( t );
-                }
-                /// Predicate for "Candidate has integral type"
-                bool hasIntegralType( const Candidate & i ) {
-                        const ast::Type * type = i.expr->result;
-
-                        if ( auto bt = dynamic_cast< const ast::BasicType * >( type ) ) {
-                                return bt->isInteger();
-                        } else if (
-                                dynamic_cast< const ast::EnumInstType * >( type )
-                                || dynamic_cast< const ast::ZeroType * >( type )
-                                || dynamic_cast< const ast::OneType * >( type )
-                        ) {
-                                return true;
-                        } else return false;
-                }
-
-                /// Resolve `untyped` as an integral expression, returning the resolved version
-                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > findIntegralExpression(
-                        const ast::Expr * untyped, const ResolveContext & context
-                ) {
-                        return findKindExpression( untyped, context, hasIntegralType, "condition" );
-                }
-
-                /// check if a type is a character type
-                bool isCharType( const ast::Type * t ) {
-                        if ( auto bt = dynamic_cast< const ast::BasicType * >( t ) ) {
-                                return bt->kind == ast::BasicType::Char
-                                        || bt->kind == ast::BasicType::SignedChar
-                                        || bt->kind == ast::BasicType::UnsignedChar;
-                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        // move cursor to next object in preparation for next initializer
+        currentObject.increment();
+
+        // set initializer expression to resolved expression
+        return ast::mutate_field( singleInit, &ast::SingleInit::value, std::move(newExpr) );
+}
+
+const ast::ListInit * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ListInit * listInit ) {
+        // move cursor into brace-enclosed initializer-list
+        currentObject.enterListInit( listInit->location );
+
+        assert( listInit->designations.size() == listInit->initializers.size() );
+        for ( unsigned i = 0; i < listInit->designations.size(); ++i ) {
+                // iterate designations and initializers in pairs, moving the cursor to the current
+                // designated object and resolving the initializer against that object
+                listInit = ast::mutate_field_index(
+                        listInit, &ast::ListInit::designations, i,
+                        currentObject.findNext( listInit->designations[i] ) );
+                listInit = ast::mutate_field_index(
+                        listInit, &ast::ListInit::initializers, i,
+                        listInit->initializers[i]->accept( *visitor ) );
+        }
+
+        // move cursor out of brace-enclosed initializer-list
+        currentObject.exitListInit();
+
+        visit_children = false;
+        return listInit;
+}
+
+const ast::ConstructorInit * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ConstructorInit * ctorInit ) {
+        visitor->maybe_accept( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::ctor );
+        visitor->maybe_accept( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::dtor );
+
+        // found a constructor - can get rid of C-style initializer
+        // xxx - Rob suggests this field is dead code
+        ctorInit = ast::mutate_field( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::init, nullptr );
+
+        // intrinsic single-parameter constructors and destructors do nothing. Since this was
+        // implicitly generated, there's no way for it to have side effects, so get rid of it to
+        // clean up generated code
+        if ( InitTweak::isIntrinsicSingleArgCallStmt( ctorInit->ctor ) ) {
+                ctorInit = ast::mutate_field( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::ctor, nullptr );
+        }
+        if ( InitTweak::isIntrinsicSingleArgCallStmt( ctorInit->dtor ) ) {
+                ctorInit = ast::mutate_field( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::dtor, nullptr );
+        }
+
+        return ctorInit;
+}
+
+// suppress error on autogen functions and mark invalid autogen as deleted.
+bool Resolver::on_error(ast::ptr<ast::Decl> & decl) {
+        if (auto functionDecl = decl.as<ast::FunctionDecl>()) {
+                // xxx - can intrinsic gen ever fail?
+                if (functionDecl->linkage == ast::Linkage::AutoGen) {
+                        auto mutDecl = mutate(functionDecl);
+                        mutDecl->isDeleted = true;
+                        mutDecl->stmts = nullptr;
+                        decl = mutDecl;
                         return false;
                 }
-
-                /// Advance a type itertor to the next mutex parameter
-                template<typename Iter>
-                inline bool nextMutex( Iter & it, const Iter & end ) {
-                        while ( it != end && ! (*it)->is_mutex() ) { ++it; }
-                        return it != end;
-                }
-        }
-
-        class Resolver final
-        : public ast::WithSymbolTable, public ast::WithGuards,
-          public ast::WithVisitorRef<Resolver>, public ast::WithShortCircuiting,
-          public ast::WithStmtsToAdd<> {
-
-                ast::ptr< ast::Type > functionReturn = nullptr;
-                ast::CurrentObject currentObject;
-                // for work previously in GenInit
-                static InitTweak::ManagedTypes managedTypes;
-                ResolveContext context;
-
-                bool inEnumDecl = false;
-
-        public:
-                static size_t traceId;
-                Resolver( const ast::TranslationGlobal & global ) :
-                        ast::WithSymbolTable(ast::SymbolTable::ErrorDetection::ValidateOnAdd),
-                        context{ symtab, global } {}
-                Resolver( const ResolveContext & context ) :
-                        ast::WithSymbolTable{ context.symtab },
-                        context{ symtab, context.global } {}
-
-                const ast::FunctionDecl * previsit( const ast::FunctionDecl * );
-                const ast::FunctionDecl * postvisit( const ast::FunctionDecl * );
-                const ast::ObjectDecl * previsit( const ast::ObjectDecl * );
-                void previsit( const ast::AggregateDecl * );
-                void previsit( const ast::StructDecl * );
-                void previsit( const ast::EnumDecl * );
-                const ast::StaticAssertDecl * previsit( const ast::StaticAssertDecl * );
-
-                const ast::ArrayType * previsit( const ast::ArrayType * );
-                const ast::PointerType * previsit( const ast::PointerType * );
-
-                const ast::ExprStmt *        previsit( const ast::ExprStmt * );
-                const ast::AsmExpr *         previsit( const ast::AsmExpr * );
-                const ast::AsmStmt *         previsit( const ast::AsmStmt * );
-                const ast::IfStmt *          previsit( const ast::IfStmt * );
-                const ast::WhileDoStmt *     previsit( const ast::WhileDoStmt * );
-                const ast::ForStmt *         previsit( const ast::ForStmt * );
-                const ast::SwitchStmt *      previsit( const ast::SwitchStmt * );
-                const ast::CaseClause *      previsit( const ast::CaseClause * );
-                const ast::BranchStmt *      previsit( const ast::BranchStmt * );
-                const ast::ReturnStmt *      previsit( const ast::ReturnStmt * );
-                const ast::ThrowStmt *       previsit( const ast::ThrowStmt * );
-                const ast::CatchClause *     previsit( const ast::CatchClause * );
-                const ast::CatchClause *     postvisit( const ast::CatchClause * );
-                const ast::WaitForStmt *     previsit( const ast::WaitForStmt * );
-                const ast::WithStmt *        previsit( const ast::WithStmt * );
-
-                const ast::SingleInit *      previsit( const ast::SingleInit * );
-                const ast::ListInit *        previsit( const ast::ListInit * );
-                const ast::ConstructorInit * previsit( const ast::ConstructorInit * );
-
-                void resolveWithExprs(std::vector<ast::ptr<ast::Expr>> & exprs, std::list<ast::ptr<ast::Stmt>> & stmtsToAdd);
-
-                void beginScope() { managedTypes.beginScope(); }
-                void endScope() { managedTypes.endScope(); }
-                bool on_error(ast::ptr<ast::Decl> & decl);
-        };
-        // size_t Resolver::traceId = Stats::Heap::new_stacktrace_id("Resolver");
-
-        InitTweak::ManagedTypes Resolver::managedTypes;
-
-        void resolve( ast::TranslationUnit& translationUnit ) {
-                ast::Pass< Resolver >::run( translationUnit, translationUnit.global );
-        }
-
-        ast::ptr< ast::Init > resolveCtorInit(
-                const ast::ConstructorInit * ctorInit, const ResolveContext & context
-        ) {
-                assert( ctorInit );
-                ast::Pass< Resolver > resolver( context );
-                return ctorInit->accept( resolver );
-        }
-
-        const ast::Expr * resolveStmtExpr(
-                const ast::StmtExpr * stmtExpr, const ResolveContext & context
-        ) {
-                assert( stmtExpr );
-                ast::Pass< Resolver > resolver( context );
-                auto ret = mutate(stmtExpr->accept(resolver));
-                strict_dynamic_cast< ast::StmtExpr * >( ret )->computeResult();
-                return ret;
-        }
-
-        namespace {
-                const ast::Attribute * handleAttribute(const CodeLocation & loc, const ast::Attribute * attr, const ResolveContext & context) {
-                        std::string name = attr->normalizedName();
-                        if (name == "constructor" || name == "destructor") {
-                                if (attr->params.size() == 1) {
-                                        auto arg = attr->params.front();
-                                        auto resolved = ResolvExpr::findSingleExpression( arg, new ast::BasicType( ast::BasicType::LongLongSignedInt ), context );
-                                        auto result = eval(arg);
-
-                                        auto mutAttr = mutate(attr);
-                                        mutAttr->params.front() = resolved;
-                                        if (! result.hasKnownValue) {
-                                                SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes,
-                                                        toCString( name, " priorities must be integers from 0 to 65535 inclusive: ", arg ) );
-                                        }
-                                        else {
-                                                auto priority = result.knownValue;
-                                                if (priority < 101) {
-                                                        SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes,
-                                                                toCString( name, " priorities from 0 to 100 are reserved for the implementation" ) );
-                                                } else if (priority < 201 && ! buildingLibrary()) {
-                                                        SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes,
-                                                                toCString( name, " priorities from 101 to 200 are reserved for the implementation" ) );
-                                                }
-                                        }
-                                        return mutAttr;
-                                } else if (attr->params.size() > 1) {
-                                        SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes, toCString( "too many arguments to ", name, " attribute" ) );
-                                } else {
-                                        SemanticWarning(loc, Warning::GccAttributes, toCString( "too few arguments to ", name, " attribute" ) );
-                                }
-                        }
-                        return attr;
-                }
-        }
-
-        const ast::FunctionDecl * Resolver::previsit( const ast::FunctionDecl * functionDecl ) {
-                GuardValue( functionReturn );
-
-                assert (functionDecl->unique());
-                if (!functionDecl->has_body() && !functionDecl->withExprs.empty()) {
-                        SemanticError(functionDecl->location, functionDecl, "Function without body has with declarations");
-                }
-
-                if (!functionDecl->isTypeFixed) {
-                        auto mutDecl = mutate(functionDecl);
-                        auto mutType = mutDecl->type.get_and_mutate();
-
-                        for (auto & attr: mutDecl->attributes) {
-                                attr = handleAttribute(mutDecl->location, attr, context );
-                        }
-
-                        // handle assertions
-
-                        symtab.enterScope();
-                        mutType->forall.clear();
-                        mutType->assertions.clear();
-                        for (auto & typeParam : mutDecl->type_params) {
-                                symtab.addType(typeParam);
-                                mutType->forall.emplace_back(new ast::TypeInstType(typeParam));
-                        }
-                        for (auto & asst : mutDecl->assertions) {
-                                asst = fixObjectType(asst.strict_as<ast::ObjectDecl>(), context);
-                                symtab.addId(asst);
-                                mutType->assertions.emplace_back(new ast::VariableExpr(functionDecl->location, asst));
-                        }
-
-                        // temporarily adds params to symbol table.
-                        // actual scoping rules for params and withexprs differ - see Pass::visit(FunctionDecl)
-
-                        std::vector<ast::ptr<ast::Type>> paramTypes;
-                        std::vector<ast::ptr<ast::Type>> returnTypes;
-
-                        for (auto & param : mutDecl->params) {
-                                param = fixObjectType(param.strict_as<ast::ObjectDecl>(), context);
-                                symtab.addId(param);
-                                paramTypes.emplace_back(param->get_type());
-                        }
-                        for (auto & ret : mutDecl->returns) {
-                                ret = fixObjectType(ret.strict_as<ast::ObjectDecl>(), context);
-                                returnTypes.emplace_back(ret->get_type());
-                        }
-                        // since function type in decl is just a view of param types, need to update that as well
-                        mutType->params = std::move(paramTypes);
-                        mutType->returns = std::move(returnTypes);
-
-                        auto renamedType = strict_dynamic_cast<const ast::FunctionType *>(renameTyVars(mutType, RenameMode::GEN_EXPR_ID));
-
-                        std::list<ast::ptr<ast::Stmt>> newStmts;
-                        resolveWithExprs (mutDecl->withExprs, newStmts);
-
-                        if (mutDecl->stmts) {
-                                auto mutStmt = mutDecl->stmts.get_and_mutate();
-                                mutStmt->kids.splice(mutStmt->kids.begin(), std::move(newStmts));
-                                mutDecl->stmts = mutStmt;
-                        }
-
-                        symtab.leaveScope();
-
-                        mutDecl->type = renamedType;
-                        mutDecl->mangleName = Mangle::mangle(mutDecl);
-                        mutDecl->isTypeFixed = true;
-                        functionDecl = mutDecl;
-                }
-                managedTypes.handleDWT(functionDecl);
-
-                functionReturn = extractResultType( functionDecl->type );
-                return functionDecl;
-        }
-
-        const ast::FunctionDecl * Resolver::postvisit( const ast::FunctionDecl * functionDecl ) {
-                // default value expressions have an environment which shouldn't be there and trips up
-                // later passes.
-                assert( functionDecl->unique() );
-                ast::FunctionType * mutType = mutate( functionDecl->type.get() );
-
-                for ( unsigned i = 0 ; i < mutType->params.size() ; ++i ) {
-                        if ( const ast::ObjectDecl * obj = mutType->params[i].as< ast::ObjectDecl >() ) {
-                                if ( const ast::SingleInit * init = obj->init.as< ast::SingleInit >() ) {
-                                        if ( init->value->env == nullptr ) continue;
-                                        // clone initializer minus the initializer environment
-                                        auto mutParam = mutate( mutType->params[i].strict_as< ast::ObjectDecl >() );
-                                        auto mutInit = mutate( mutParam->init.strict_as< ast::SingleInit >() );
-                                        auto mutValue = mutate( mutInit->value.get() );
-
-                                        mutValue->env = nullptr;
-                                        mutInit->value = mutValue;
-                                        mutParam->init = mutInit;
-                                        mutType->params[i] = mutParam;
-
-                                        assert( ! mutType->params[i].strict_as< ast::ObjectDecl >()->init.strict_as< ast::SingleInit >()->value->env);
-                                }
-                        }
-                }
-                mutate_field(functionDecl, &ast::FunctionDecl::type, mutType);
-                return functionDecl;
-        }
-
-        const ast::ObjectDecl * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ObjectDecl * objectDecl ) {
-                // To handle initialization of routine pointers [e.g. int (*fp)(int) = foo()],
-                // class-variable `initContext` is changed multiple times because the LHS is analyzed
-                // twice. The second analysis changes `initContext` because a function type can contain
-                // object declarations in the return and parameter types. Therefore each value of
-                // `initContext` is retained so the type on the first analysis is preserved and used for
-                // selecting the RHS.
-                GuardValue( currentObject );
-
-                if ( inEnumDecl && dynamic_cast< const ast::EnumInstType * >( objectDecl->get_type() ) ) {
-                        // enumerator initializers should not use the enum type to initialize, since the
-                        // enum type is still incomplete at this point. Use `int` instead.
-
-                        if ( auto enumBase = dynamic_cast< const ast::EnumInstType * >
-                                ( objectDecl->get_type() )->base->base ) {
-                                objectDecl = fixObjectType( objectDecl, context );
-                                currentObject = ast::CurrentObject{
-                                        objectDecl->location,
-                                        enumBase
-                                };
-                        } else {
-                                objectDecl = fixObjectType( objectDecl, context );
-                                currentObject = ast::CurrentObject{
-                                        objectDecl->location, new ast::BasicType{ ast::BasicType::SignedInt } };
-                        }
-
-                }
-                else {
-                        if ( !objectDecl->isTypeFixed ) {
-                                auto newDecl = fixObjectType(objectDecl, context);
-                                auto mutDecl = mutate(newDecl);
-
-                                // generate CtorInit wrapper when necessary.
-                                // in certain cases, fixObjectType is called before reaching
-                                // this object in visitor pass, thus disabling CtorInit codegen.
-                                // this happens on aggregate members and function parameters.
-                                if ( InitTweak::tryConstruct( mutDecl ) && ( managedTypes.isManaged( mutDecl ) || ((! isInFunction() || mutDecl->storage.is_static ) && ! InitTweak::isConstExpr( mutDecl->init ) ) ) ) {
-                                        // constructed objects cannot be designated
-                                        if ( InitTweak::isDesignated( mutDecl->init ) ) {
-                                                ast::Pass<ResolveDesignators> res( context );
-                                                maybe_accept( mutDecl->init.get(), res );
-                                                if ( !res.core.result ) {
-                                                        SemanticError( mutDecl, "Cannot include designations in the initializer for a managed Object.\n"
-                                                                                   "If this is really what you want, initialize with @=." );
-                                                }
-                                        }
-                                        // constructed objects should not have initializers nested too deeply
-                                        if ( ! InitTweak::checkInitDepth( mutDecl ) ) SemanticError( mutDecl, "Managed object's initializer is too deep " );
-
-                                        mutDecl->init = InitTweak::genCtorInit( mutDecl->location, mutDecl );
-                                }
-
-                                objectDecl = mutDecl;
-                        }
-                        currentObject = ast::CurrentObject{ objectDecl->location, objectDecl->get_type() };
-                }
-
-                return objectDecl;
-        }
-
-        void Resolver::previsit( const ast::AggregateDecl * _aggDecl ) {
-                auto aggDecl = mutate(_aggDecl);
-                assertf(aggDecl == _aggDecl, "type declarations must be unique");
-
-                for (auto & member: aggDecl->members) {
-                        // nested type decls are hoisted already. no need to do anything
-                        if (auto obj = member.as<ast::ObjectDecl>()) {
-                                member = fixObjectType(obj, context);
-                        }
-                }
-        }
-
-        void Resolver::previsit( const ast::StructDecl * structDecl ) {
-                previsit(static_cast<const ast::AggregateDecl *>(structDecl));
-                managedTypes.handleStruct(structDecl);
-        }
-
-        void Resolver::previsit( const ast::EnumDecl * ) {
-                // in case we decide to allow nested enums
-                GuardValue( inEnumDecl );
-                inEnumDecl = true;
-                // don't need to fix types for enum fields
-        }
-
-        const ast::StaticAssertDecl * Resolver::previsit(
-                const ast::StaticAssertDecl * assertDecl
-        ) {
-                return ast::mutate_field(
-                        assertDecl, &ast::StaticAssertDecl::cond,
-                        findIntegralExpression( assertDecl->cond, context ) );
-        }
-
-        template< typename PtrType >
-        const PtrType * handlePtrType( const PtrType * type, const ResolveContext & context ) {
-                if ( type->dimension ) {
-                        const ast::Type * sizeType = context.global.sizeType.get();
-                        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > dimension = findSingleExpression( type->dimension, sizeType, context );
-                        assertf(dimension->env->empty(), "array dimension expr has nonempty env");
-                        dimension.get_and_mutate()->env = nullptr;
-                        ast::mutate_field( type, &PtrType::dimension, dimension );
-                }
-                return type;
-        }
-
-        const ast::ArrayType * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ArrayType * at ) {
-                return handlePtrType( at, context );
-        }
-
-        const ast::PointerType * Resolver::previsit( const ast::PointerType * pt ) {
-                return handlePtrType( pt, context );
-        }
-
-        const ast::ExprStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ExprStmt * exprStmt ) {
-                visit_children = false;
-                assertf( exprStmt->expr, "ExprStmt has null expression in resolver" );
-
-                return ast::mutate_field(
-                        exprStmt, &ast::ExprStmt::expr, findVoidExpression( exprStmt->expr, context ) );
-        }
-
-        const ast::AsmExpr * Resolver::previsit( const ast::AsmExpr * asmExpr ) {
-                visit_children = false;
-
-                asmExpr = ast::mutate_field(
-                        asmExpr, &ast::AsmExpr::operand, findVoidExpression( asmExpr->operand, context ) );
-
-                return asmExpr;
-        }
-
-        const ast::AsmStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::AsmStmt * asmStmt ) {
-                visitor->maybe_accept( asmStmt, &ast::AsmStmt::input );
-                visitor->maybe_accept( asmStmt, &ast::AsmStmt::output );
-                visit_children = false;
-                return asmStmt;
-        }
-
-        const ast::IfStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::IfStmt * ifStmt ) {
-                return ast::mutate_field(
-                        ifStmt, &ast::IfStmt::cond, findIntegralExpression( ifStmt->cond, context ) );
-        }
-
-        const ast::WhileDoStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::WhileDoStmt * whileDoStmt ) {
-                return ast::mutate_field(
-                        whileDoStmt, &ast::WhileDoStmt::cond, findIntegralExpression( whileDoStmt->cond, context ) );
-        }
-
-        const ast::ForStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ForStmt * forStmt ) {
-                if ( forStmt->cond ) {
-                        forStmt = ast::mutate_field(
-                                forStmt, &ast::ForStmt::cond, findIntegralExpression( forStmt->cond, context ) );
-                }
-
-                if ( forStmt->inc ) {
-                        forStmt = ast::mutate_field(
-                                forStmt, &ast::ForStmt::inc, findVoidExpression( forStmt->inc, context ) );
-                }
-
-                return forStmt;
-        }
-
-        const ast::SwitchStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::SwitchStmt * switchStmt ) {
-                GuardValue( currentObject );
-                switchStmt = ast::mutate_field(
-                        switchStmt, &ast::SwitchStmt::cond,
-                        findIntegralExpression( switchStmt->cond, context ) );
-                currentObject = ast::CurrentObject{ switchStmt->location, switchStmt->cond->result };
-                return switchStmt;
-        }
-
-        const ast::CaseClause * Resolver::previsit( const ast::CaseClause * caseStmt ) {
-                if ( caseStmt->cond ) {
-                        std::deque< ast::InitAlternative > initAlts = currentObject.getOptions();
-                        assertf( initAlts.size() == 1, "SwitchStmt did not correctly resolve an integral "
-                                "expression." );
-
-                        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > untyped =
-                                new ast::CastExpr{ caseStmt->location, caseStmt->cond, initAlts.front().type };
-                        ast::ptr< ast::Expr > newExpr = findSingleExpression( untyped, context );
-
-                        // case condition cannot have a cast in C, so it must be removed here, regardless of
-                        // whether it would perform a conversion.
-                        if ( const ast::CastExpr * castExpr = newExpr.as< ast::CastExpr >() ) {
-                                swap_and_save_env( newExpr, castExpr->arg );
-                        }
-
-                        caseStmt = ast::mutate_field( caseStmt, &ast::CaseClause::cond, newExpr );
-                }
-                return caseStmt;
-        }
-
-        const ast::BranchStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::BranchStmt * branchStmt ) {
-                visit_children = false;
-                // must resolve the argument of a computed goto
-                if ( branchStmt->kind == ast::BranchStmt::Goto && branchStmt->computedTarget ) {
-                        // computed goto argument is void*
-                        ast::ptr< ast::Type > target = new ast::PointerType{ new ast::VoidType{} };
-                        branchStmt = ast::mutate_field(
-                                branchStmt, &ast::BranchStmt::computedTarget,
-                                findSingleExpression( branchStmt->computedTarget, target, context ) );
-                }
-                return branchStmt;
-        }
-
-        const ast::ReturnStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ReturnStmt * returnStmt ) {
-                visit_children = false;
-                if ( returnStmt->expr ) {
-                        returnStmt = ast::mutate_field(
-                                returnStmt, &ast::ReturnStmt::expr,
-                                findSingleExpression( returnStmt->expr, functionReturn, context ) );
-                }
-                return returnStmt;
-        }
-
-        const ast::ThrowStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ThrowStmt * throwStmt ) {
-                visit_children = false;
-                if ( throwStmt->expr ) {
-                        const ast::StructDecl * exceptionDecl =
-                                symtab.lookupStruct( "__cfaehm_base_exception_t" );
-                        assert( exceptionDecl );
-                        ast::ptr< ast::Type > exceptType =
-                                new ast::PointerType{ new ast::StructInstType{ exceptionDecl } };
-                        throwStmt = ast::mutate_field(
-                                throwStmt, &ast::ThrowStmt::expr,
-                                findSingleExpression( throwStmt->expr, exceptType, context ) );
-                }
-                return throwStmt;
-        }
-
-        const ast::CatchClause * Resolver::previsit( const ast::CatchClause * catchClause ) {
-                // Until we are very sure this invarent (ifs that move between passes have then)
-                // holds, check it. This allows a check for when to decode the mangling.
-                if ( auto ifStmt = catchClause->body.as<ast::IfStmt>() ) {
-                        assert( ifStmt->then );
-                }
-                // Encode the catchStmt so the condition can see the declaration.
-                if ( catchClause->cond ) {
-                        ast::CatchClause * clause = mutate( catchClause );
-                        clause->body = new ast::IfStmt( clause->location, clause->cond, nullptr, clause->body );
-                        clause->cond = nullptr;
-                        return clause;
-                }
-                return catchClause;
-        }
-
-        const ast::CatchClause * Resolver::postvisit( const ast::CatchClause * catchClause ) {
-                // Decode the catchStmt so everything is stored properly.
-                const ast::IfStmt * ifStmt = catchClause->body.as<ast::IfStmt>();
-                if ( nullptr != ifStmt && nullptr == ifStmt->then ) {
-                        assert( ifStmt->cond );
-                        assert( ifStmt->else_ );
-                        ast::CatchClause * clause = ast::mutate( catchClause );
-                        clause->cond = ifStmt->cond;
-                        clause->body = ifStmt->else_;
-                        // ifStmt should be implicately deleted here.
-                        return clause;
-                }
-                return catchClause;
-        }
-
-        const ast::WaitForStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::WaitForStmt * stmt ) {
-                visit_children = false;
-
-                // Resolve all clauses first
-                for ( unsigned i = 0; i < stmt->clauses.size(); ++i ) {
-                        const ast::WaitForClause & clause = *stmt->clauses[i];
-
-                        ast::TypeEnvironment env;
-                        CandidateFinder funcFinder( context, env );
-
-                        // Find all candidates for a function in canonical form
-                        funcFinder.find( clause.target, ResolveMode::withAdjustment() );
-
-                        if ( funcFinder.candidates.empty() ) {
-                                stringstream ss;
-                                ss << "Use of undeclared indentifier '";
-                                ss << clause.target.strict_as< ast::NameExpr >()->name;
-                                ss << "' in call to waitfor";
-                                SemanticError( stmt->location, ss.str() );
-                        }
-
-                        if ( clause.target_args.empty() ) {
-                                SemanticError( stmt->location,
-                                        "Waitfor clause must have at least one mutex parameter");
-                        }
-
-                        // Find all alternatives for all arguments in canonical form
-                        std::vector< CandidateFinder > argFinders =
-                                funcFinder.findSubExprs( clause.target_args );
-
-                        // List all combinations of arguments
-                        std::vector< CandidateList > possibilities;
-                        combos( argFinders.begin(), argFinders.end(), back_inserter( possibilities ) );
-
-                        // For every possible function:
-                        // * try matching the arguments to the parameters, not the other way around because
-                        //   more arguments than parameters
-                        CandidateList funcCandidates;
-                        std::vector< CandidateList > argsCandidates;
-                        SemanticErrorException errors;
-                        for ( CandidateRef & func : funcFinder.candidates ) {
-                                try {
-                                        auto pointerType = dynamic_cast< const ast::PointerType * >(
-                                                func->expr->result->stripReferences() );
-                                        if ( ! pointerType ) {
-                                                SemanticError( stmt->location, func->expr->result.get(),
-                                                        "candidate not viable: not a pointer type\n" );
-                                        }
-
-                                        auto funcType = pointerType->base.as< ast::FunctionType >();
-                                        if ( ! funcType ) {
-                                                SemanticError( stmt->location, func->expr->result.get(),
-                                                        "candidate not viable: not a function type\n" );
-                                        }
-
-                                        {
-                                                auto param    = funcType->params.begin();
-                                                auto paramEnd = funcType->params.end();
-
-                                                if( ! nextMutex( param, paramEnd ) ) {
-                                                        SemanticError( stmt->location, funcType,
-                                                                "candidate function not viable: no mutex parameters\n");
-                                                }
-                                        }
-
-                                        CandidateRef func2{ new Candidate{ *func } };
-                                        // strip reference from function
-                                        func2->expr = referenceToRvalueConversion( func->expr, func2->cost );
-
-                                        // Each argument must be matched with a parameter of the current candidate
-                                        for ( auto & argsList : possibilities ) {
-                                                try {
-                                                        // Declare data structures needed for resolution
-                                                        ast::OpenVarSet open;
-                                                        ast::AssertionSet need, have;
-                                                        ast::TypeEnvironment resultEnv{ func->env };
-                                                        // Add all type variables as open so that those not used in the
-                                                        // parameter list are still considered open
-                                                        resultEnv.add( funcType->forall );
-
-                                                        // load type variables from arguments into one shared space
-                                                        for ( auto & arg : argsList ) {
-                                                                resultEnv.simpleCombine( arg->env );
-                                                        }
-
-                                                        // Make sure we don't widen any existing bindings
-                                                        resultEnv.forbidWidening();
-
-                                                        // Find any unbound type variables
-                                                        resultEnv.extractOpenVars( open );
-
-                                                        auto param = funcType->params.begin();
-                                                        auto paramEnd = funcType->params.end();
-
-                                                        unsigned n_mutex_param = 0;
-
-                                                        // For every argument of its set, check if it matches one of the
-                                                        // parameters. The order is important
-                                                        for ( auto & arg : argsList ) {
-                                                                // Ignore non-mutex arguments
-                                                                if ( ! nextMutex( param, paramEnd ) ) {
-                                                                        // We ran out of parameters but still have arguments.
-                                                                        // This function doesn't match
-                                                                        SemanticError( stmt->location, funcType,
-                                                                                toString("candidate function not viable: too many mutex "
-                                                                                "arguments, expected ", n_mutex_param, "\n" ) );
-                                                                }
-
-                                                                ++n_mutex_param;
-
-                                                                // Check if the argument matches the parameter type in the current scope.
-                                                                // ast::ptr< ast::Type > paramType = (*param)->get_type();
-
-                                                                if (
-                                                                        ! unify(
-                                                                                arg->expr->result, *param, resultEnv, need, have, open )
-                                                                ) {
-                                                                        // Type doesn't match
-                                                                        stringstream ss;
-                                                                        ss << "candidate function not viable: no known conversion "
-                                                                                "from '";
-                                                                        ast::print( ss, *param );
-                                                                        ss << "' to '";
-                                                                        ast::print( ss, arg->expr->result );
-                                                                        ss << "' with env '";
-                                                                        ast::print( ss, resultEnv );
-                                                                        ss << "'\n";
-                                                                        SemanticError( stmt->location, funcType, ss.str() );
-                                                                }
-
-                                                                ++param;
-                                                        }
-
-                                                        // All arguments match!
-
-                                                        // Check if parameters are missing
-                                                        if ( nextMutex( param, paramEnd ) ) {
-                                                                do {
-                                                                        ++n_mutex_param;
-                                                                        ++param;
-                                                                } while ( nextMutex( param, paramEnd ) );
-
-                                                                // We ran out of arguments but still have parameters left; this
-                                                                // function doesn't match
-                                                                SemanticError( stmt->location, funcType,
-                                                                        toString( "candidate function not viable: too few mutex "
-                                                                        "arguments, expected ", n_mutex_param, "\n" ) );
-                                                        }
-
-                                                        // All parameters match!
-
-                                                        // Finish the expressions to tie in proper environments
-                                                        finishExpr( func2->expr, resultEnv );
-                                                        for ( CandidateRef & arg : argsList ) {
-                                                                finishExpr( arg->expr, resultEnv );
-                                                        }
-
-                                                        // This is a match, store it and save it for later
-                                                        funcCandidates.emplace_back( std::move( func2 ) );
-                                                        argsCandidates.emplace_back( std::move( argsList ) );
-
-                                                } catch ( SemanticErrorException & e ) {
-                                                        errors.append( e );
-                                                }
-                                        }
-                                } catch ( SemanticErrorException & e ) {
-                                        errors.append( e );
-                                }
-                        }
-
-                        // Make sure correct number of arguments
-                        if( funcCandidates.empty() ) {
-                                SemanticErrorException top( stmt->location,
-                                        "No alternatives for function in call to waitfor" );
-                                top.append( errors );
-                                throw top;
-                        }
-
-                        if( argsCandidates.empty() ) {
-                                SemanticErrorException top( stmt->location,
-                                        "No alternatives for arguments in call to waitfor" );
-                                top.append( errors );
-                                throw top;
-                        }
-
-                        if( funcCandidates.size() > 1 ) {
-                                SemanticErrorException top( stmt->location,
-                                        "Ambiguous function in call to waitfor" );
-                                top.append( errors );
-                                throw top;
-                        }
-                        if( argsCandidates.size() > 1 ) {
-                                SemanticErrorException top( stmt->location,
-                                        "Ambiguous arguments in call to waitfor" );
-                                top.append( errors );
-                                throw top;
-                        }
-                        // TODO: need to use findDeletedExpr to ensure no deleted identifiers are used.
-
-                        // build new clause
-                        auto clause2 = new ast::WaitForClause( clause.location );
-
-                        clause2->target = funcCandidates.front()->expr;
-
-                        clause2->target_args.reserve( clause.target_args.size() );
-                        const ast::StructDecl * decl_monitor = symtab.lookupStruct( "monitor$" );
-                        for ( auto arg : argsCandidates.front() ) {
-                                const auto & loc = stmt->location;
-
-                                ast::Expr * init = new ast::CastExpr( loc,
-                                        new ast::UntypedExpr( loc,
-                                                new ast::NameExpr( loc, "get_monitor" ),
-                                                { arg->expr }
-                                        ),
-                                        new ast::PointerType(
-                                                new ast::StructInstType(
-                                                        decl_monitor
-                                                )
-                                        )
-                                );
-
-                                clause2->target_args.emplace_back( findSingleExpression( init, context ) );
-                        }
-
-                        // Resolve the conditions as if it were an IfStmt, statements normally
-                        clause2->when_cond = findSingleExpression( clause.when_cond, context );
-                        clause2->stmt = clause.stmt->accept( *visitor );
-
-                        // set results into stmt
-                        auto n = mutate( stmt );
-                        n->clauses[i] = clause2;
-                        stmt = n;
-                }
-
-                if ( stmt->timeout_stmt ) {
-                        // resolve the timeout as a size_t, the conditions like IfStmt, and stmts normally
-                        ast::ptr< ast::Type > target =
-                                new ast::BasicType{ ast::BasicType::LongLongUnsignedInt };
-                        auto timeout_time = findSingleExpression( stmt->timeout_time, target, context );
-                        auto timeout_cond = findSingleExpression( stmt->timeout_cond, context );
-                        auto timeout_stmt = stmt->timeout_stmt->accept( *visitor );
-
-                        // set results into stmt
-                        auto n = mutate( stmt );
-                        n->timeout_time = std::move( timeout_time );
-                        n->timeout_cond = std::move( timeout_cond );
-                        n->timeout_stmt = std::move( timeout_stmt );
-                        stmt = n;
-                }
-
-                if ( stmt->else_stmt ) {
-                        // resolve the condition like IfStmt, stmts normally
-                        auto else_cond = findSingleExpression( stmt->else_cond, context );
-                        auto else_stmt = stmt->else_stmt->accept( *visitor );
-
-                        // set results into stmt
-                        auto n = mutate( stmt );
-                        n->else_cond = std::move( else_cond );
-                        n->else_stmt = std::move( else_stmt );
-                        stmt = n;
-                }
-
-                return stmt;
-        }
-
-        const ast::WithStmt * Resolver::previsit( const ast::WithStmt * withStmt ) {
-                auto mutStmt = mutate(withStmt);
-                resolveWithExprs(mutStmt->exprs, stmtsToAddBefore);
-                return mutStmt;
-        }
-
-        void Resolver::resolveWithExprs(std::vector<ast::ptr<ast::Expr>> & exprs, std::list<ast::ptr<ast::Stmt>> & stmtsToAdd) {
-                for (auto & expr : exprs) {
-                        // only struct- and union-typed expressions are viable candidates
-                        expr = findKindExpression( expr, context, structOrUnion, "with expression" );
-
-                        // if with expression might be impure, create a temporary so that it is evaluated once
-                        if ( Tuples::maybeImpure( expr ) ) {
-                                static UniqueName tmpNamer( "_with_tmp_" );
-                                const CodeLocation loc = expr->location;
-                                auto tmp = new ast::ObjectDecl(loc, tmpNamer.newName(), expr->result, new ast::SingleInit(loc, expr ) );
-                                expr = new ast::VariableExpr( loc, tmp );
-                                stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ast::DeclStmt(loc, tmp ) );
-                                if ( InitTweak::isConstructable( tmp->type ) ) {
-                                        // generate ctor/dtor and resolve them
-                                        tmp->init = InitTweak::genCtorInit( loc, tmp );
-                                }
-                                // since tmp is freshly created, this should modify tmp in-place
-                                tmp->accept( *visitor );
-                        }
-                        else if (expr->env && expr->env->empty()) {
-                                expr = ast::mutate_field(expr.get(), &ast::Expr::env, nullptr);
-                        }
-                }
-        }
-
-
-        const ast::SingleInit * Resolver::previsit( const ast::SingleInit * singleInit ) {
-                visit_children = false;
-                // resolve initialization using the possibilities as determined by the `currentObject`
-                // cursor.
-                ast::ptr< ast::Expr > untyped = new ast::UntypedInitExpr{
-                        singleInit->location, singleInit->value, currentObject.getOptions() };
-                ast::ptr<ast::Expr> newExpr = findSingleExpression( untyped, context );
-                const ast::InitExpr * initExpr = newExpr.strict_as< ast::InitExpr >();
-
-                // move cursor to the object that is actually initialized
-                currentObject.setNext( initExpr->designation );
-
-                // discard InitExpr wrapper and retain relevant pieces.
-                // `initExpr` may have inferred params in the case where the expression specialized a
-                // function pointer, and newExpr may already have inferParams of its own, so a simple
-                // swap is not sufficient
-                ast::Expr::InferUnion inferred = initExpr->inferred;
-                swap_and_save_env( newExpr, initExpr->expr );
-                newExpr.get_and_mutate()->inferred.splice( std::move(inferred) );
-
-                // get the actual object's type (may not exactly match what comes back from the resolver
-                // due to conversions)
-                const ast::Type * initContext = currentObject.getCurrentType();
-
-                removeExtraneousCast( newExpr );
-
-                // check if actual object's type is char[]
-                if ( auto at = dynamic_cast< const ast::ArrayType * >( initContext ) ) {
-                        if ( isCharType( at->base ) ) {
-                                // check if the resolved type is char*
-                                if ( auto pt = newExpr->result.as< ast::PointerType >() ) {
-                                        if ( isCharType( pt->base ) ) {
-                                                // strip cast if we're initializing a char[] with a char*
-                                                // e.g. char x[] = "hello"
-                                                if ( auto ce = newExpr.as< ast::CastExpr >() ) {
-                                                        swap_and_save_env( newExpr, ce->arg );
-                                                }
-                                        }
-                                }
-                        }
-                }
-
-                // move cursor to next object in preparation for next initializer
-                currentObject.increment();
-
-                // set initializer expression to resolved expression
-                return ast::mutate_field( singleInit, &ast::SingleInit::value, std::move(newExpr) );
-        }
-
-        const ast::ListInit * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ListInit * listInit ) {
-                // move cursor into brace-enclosed initializer-list
-                currentObject.enterListInit( listInit->location );
-
-                assert( listInit->designations.size() == listInit->initializers.size() );
-                for ( unsigned i = 0; i < listInit->designations.size(); ++i ) {
-                        // iterate designations and initializers in pairs, moving the cursor to the current
-                        // designated object and resolving the initializer against that object
-                        listInit = ast::mutate_field_index(
-                                listInit, &ast::ListInit::designations, i,
-                                currentObject.findNext( listInit->designations[i] ) );
-                        listInit = ast::mutate_field_index(
-                                listInit, &ast::ListInit::initializers, i,
-                                listInit->initializers[i]->accept( *visitor ) );
-                }
-
-                // move cursor out of brace-enclosed initializer-list
-                currentObject.exitListInit();
-
-                visit_children = false;
-                return listInit;
-        }
-
-        const ast::ConstructorInit * Resolver::previsit( const ast::ConstructorInit * ctorInit ) {
-                visitor->maybe_accept( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::ctor );
-                visitor->maybe_accept( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::dtor );
-
-                // found a constructor - can get rid of C-style initializer
-                // xxx - Rob suggests this field is dead code
-                ctorInit = ast::mutate_field( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::init, nullptr );
-
-                // intrinsic single-parameter constructors and destructors do nothing. Since this was
-                // implicitly generated, there's no way for it to have side effects, so get rid of it to
-                // clean up generated code
-                if ( InitTweak::isIntrinsicSingleArgCallStmt( ctorInit->ctor ) ) {
-                        ctorInit = ast::mutate_field( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::ctor, nullptr );
-                }
-                if ( InitTweak::isIntrinsicSingleArgCallStmt( ctorInit->dtor ) ) {
-                        ctorInit = ast::mutate_field( ctorInit, &ast::ConstructorInit::dtor, nullptr );
-                }
-
-                return ctorInit;
-        }
-
-        // suppress error on autogen functions and mark invalid autogen as deleted.
-        bool Resolver::on_error(ast::ptr<ast::Decl> & decl) {
-                if (auto functionDecl = decl.as<ast::FunctionDecl>()) {
-                        // xxx - can intrinsic gen ever fail?
-                        if (functionDecl->linkage == ast::Linkage::AutoGen) {
-                                auto mutDecl = mutate(functionDecl);
-                                mutDecl->isDeleted = true;
-                                mutDecl->stmts = nullptr;
-                                decl = mutDecl;
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                }
-                return true;
-        }
+        }
+        return true;
+}
 
 } // namespace ResolvExpr