source: src/libcfa/exception.c@ 03321e4

//
// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2016 University of Waterloo
//
// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
//
// exception.c --
//
// Author           : Andrew Beach
// Created On       : Mon Jun 26 15:13:00 2017
// Last Modified By : Andrew Beach
// Last Modified On : Fri Aug  4 15:20:00 2017
// Update Count     : 6
//

#include <stddef.h> // for size_t

#include "exception.h"

// Implementation of the secret header.

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unwind.h>

// FIX ME: temporary hack to keep ARM build working
#ifndef _URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR
#define _URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR 2
#endif // ! _URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR
#ifndef _URC_FATAL_PHASE2_ERROR
#define _URC_FATAL_PHASE2_ERROR 2
#endif // ! _URC_FATAL_PHASE2_ERROR

#include "lsda.h"


// Base exception vtable is abstract, you should not have base exceptions.
struct __cfaehm__base_exception_t_vtable
                ___cfaehm__base_exception_t_vtable_instance = {
        .parent = NULL,
        .size = 0,
        .copy = NULL,
        .free = NULL,
        .msg = NULL
};


// Temperary global exception context. Does not work with concurency.
struct exception_context_t {
    struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * top_resume;
    struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * current_resume;

    exception * current_exception;
    int current_handler_index;
} shared_stack = {NULL, NULL, 0, 0};

// Get the current exception context.
// There can be a single global until multithreading occurs, then each stack
// needs its own. It will have to be updated to handle that.
struct exception_context_t * this_exception_context() {
        return &shared_stack;
}
//#define SAVE_EXCEPTION_CONTEXT(to_name)
//struct exception_context_t * to_name = this_exception_context();
//exception * this_exception() {
//    return this_exception_context()->current_exception;
//}


// This macro should be the only thing that needs to change across machines.  Used in the personality function, way down
// in termination.
// struct _Unwind_Context * -> _Unwind_Reason_Code(*)(exception *)
#define MATCHER_FROM_CONTEXT(ptr_to_context) \
        (*(_Unwind_Reason_Code(**)(exception*))(_Unwind_GetCFA(ptr_to_context) + 8))


// RESUMPTION ================================================================

void __cfaehm__throw_resume(exception * except) {

        // DEBUG
        printf("Throwing resumption exception\n");

        struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * original_head = shared_stack.current_resume;
        struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * current =
                (original_head) ? original_head->next : shared_stack.top_resume;

        for ( ; current ; current = current->next) {
                shared_stack.current_resume = current;
                if (current->handler(except)) {
                        shared_stack.current_resume = original_head;
                        return;
                }
        }

        printf("Unhandled exception\n");
        shared_stack.current_resume = original_head;

        // Fall back to termination:
        __cfaehm__throw_terminate(except);
        // TODO: Default handler for resumption.
}

// Do we control where exceptions get thrown even with concurency?  If not these are not quite thread safe, the cleanup
// hook has to be added after the node is built but before it is made the top node.

void __cfaehm__try_resume_setup(struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * node,
                        int (*handler)(exception * except)) {
        node->next = shared_stack.top_resume;
        node->handler = handler;
        shared_stack.top_resume = node;
}

void __cfaehm__try_resume_cleanup(struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * node) {
        shared_stack.top_resume = node->next;
}


// TERMINATION ===============================================================

// MEMORY MANAGEMENT (still for integers)
// May have to move to cfa for constructors and destructors (references).

struct __cfaehm__node {
        struct __cfaehm__node * next;
};

#define NODE_TO_EXCEPT(node) ((exception *)(1 + (node)))
#define EXCEPT_TO_NODE(except) ((struct __cfaehm__node *)(except) - 1)

// Creates a copy of the indicated exception and sets current_exception to it.
static void __cfaehm__allocate_exception( exception * except ) {
        struct exception_context_t * context = this_exception_context();

        // Allocate memory for the exception.
        struct __cfaehm__node * store = malloc(
                sizeof( struct __cfaehm__node ) + except->virtual_table->size );

        if ( ! store ) {
                // Failure: cannot allocate exception. Terminate thread.
                abort(); // <- Although I think it might be the process.
        }

        // Add the node to the list:
        store->next = EXCEPT_TO_NODE(context->current_exception);
        context->current_exception = NODE_TO_EXCEPT(store);

        // Copy the exception to storage.
        except->virtual_table->copy( context->current_exception, except );
}

// Delete the provided exception, unsetting current_exception if relivant.
static void __cfaehm__delete_exception( exception * except ) {
        struct exception_context_t * context = this_exception_context();

        // DEBUG
        printf( "Deleting Exception\n");

        // Remove the exception from the list.
        struct __cfaehm__node * to_free = EXCEPT_TO_NODE(except);
        struct __cfaehm__node * node;

        if ( context->current_exception == except ) {
                node = to_free->next;
                context->current_exception = (node) ? NODE_TO_EXCEPT(node) : 0;
        } else {
                node = EXCEPT_TO_NODE(context->current_exception);
                // It may always be in the first or second position.
                while( to_free != node->next ) {
                        node = node->next;
                }
                node->next = to_free->next;
        }

        // Free the old exception node.
        except->virtual_table->free( except );
        free( to_free );
}

// If this isn't a rethrow (*except==0), delete the provided exception.
void __cfaehm__cleanup_terminate( void * except ) {
        if ( *(void**)except ) __cfaehm__delete_exception( *(exception**)except );
}


// We need a piece of storage to raise the exception
struct _Unwind_Exception this_exception_storage;

// Function needed by force unwind
// It basically says to unwind the whole stack and then exit when we reach the end of the stack
static _Unwind_Reason_Code _Stop_Fn(
                int version,
                _Unwind_Action actions,
                _Unwind_Exception_Class exceptionClass,
                struct _Unwind_Exception * unwind_exception,
                struct _Unwind_Context * context,
                void * some_param) {
        if( actions & _UA_END_OF_STACK  ) exit(1);
        if( actions & _UA_CLEANUP_PHASE ) return _URC_NO_REASON;

        return _URC_FATAL_PHASE2_ERROR;
}

// The exception that is being thrown must already be stored.
__attribute__((noreturn)) void __cfaehm__begin_unwind(void) {
        if ( ! this_exception_context()->current_exception ) {
                printf("UNWIND ERROR missing exception in begin unwind\n");
                abort();
        }


        // Call stdlibc to raise the exception
        _Unwind_Reason_Code ret = _Unwind_RaiseException( &this_exception_storage );

        // If we reach here it means something happened.  For resumption to work we need to find a way to return back to
        // here.  Most of them will probably boil down to setting a global flag and making the phase 1 either stop or
        // fail.  Causing an error on purpose may help avoiding unnecessary work but it might have some weird side
        // effects.  If we just pretend no handler was found that would work but may be expensive for no reason since we
        // will always search the whole stack.

        if( ret == _URC_END_OF_STACK ) {
                // No proper handler was found.  This can be handled in several way.  C++ calls std::terminate Here we
                // force unwind the stack, basically raising a cancellation.
                printf("Uncaught exception %p\n", &this_exception_storage);

                ret = _Unwind_ForcedUnwind( &this_exception_storage, _Stop_Fn, (void*)0x22 );
                printf("UNWIND ERROR %d after force unwind\n", ret);
                abort();
        }

        // We did not simply reach the end of the stack without finding a handler.  Something wen't wrong
        printf("UNWIND ERROR %d after raise exception\n", ret);
        abort();
}

void __cfaehm__throw_terminate( exception * val ) {
        // DEBUG
        printf("Throwing termination exception\n");

        __cfaehm__allocate_exception( val );
        __cfaehm__begin_unwind();
}

void __cfaehm__rethrow_terminate(void) {
        // DEBUG
        printf("Rethrowing termination exception\n");

        __cfaehm__begin_unwind();
}

// This is our personality routine.  For every stack frame anotated with ".cfi_personality 0x3,__gcfa_personality_v0".
// This function will be called twice when unwinding.  Once in the search phased and once in the cleanup phase.
_Unwind_Reason_Code __gcfa_personality_v0 (
                int version, _Unwind_Action actions, unsigned long long exceptionClass,
                struct _Unwind_Exception* unwind_exception,
                struct _Unwind_Context* context)
{

        // DEBUG
        //printf("CFA: 0x%lx\n", _Unwind_GetCFA(context));
        printf("Personality function (%d, %x, %llu, %p, %p):", version, actions, exceptionClass, unwind_exception, context);

        // If we've reached the end of the stack then there is nothing much we can do...
        if( actions & _UA_END_OF_STACK ) return _URC_END_OF_STACK;

        // DEBUG
        if (actions & _UA_SEARCH_PHASE) {
                printf(" lookup phase");
        }
        // DEBUG
        else if (actions & _UA_CLEANUP_PHASE) {
                printf(" cleanup phase");
        }
        // Just in case, probably can't actually happen
        else {
                printf(" error\n");
                return _URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR;
        }

        // Get a pointer to the language specific data from which we will read what we need
        const unsigned char * lsd = (const unsigned char*) _Unwind_GetLanguageSpecificData( context );

        if( !lsd ) {    //Nothing to do, keep unwinding
                printf(" no LSD");
                goto UNWIND;
        }

        // Get the instuction pointer and a reading pointer into the exception table
        lsda_header_info lsd_info;
        const unsigned char * cur_ptr = parse_lsda_header( context, lsd, &lsd_info);
        _Unwind_Ptr instruction_ptr = _Unwind_GetIP( context );

        // Linearly search the table for stuff to do
        while( cur_ptr < lsd_info.action_table ) {
                _Unwind_Ptr callsite_start;
                _Unwind_Ptr callsite_len;
                _Unwind_Ptr callsite_landing_pad;
                _uleb128_t  callsite_action;

                // Decode the common stuff we have in here
                cur_ptr = read_encoded_value (0, lsd_info.call_site_encoding, cur_ptr, &callsite_start);
                cur_ptr = read_encoded_value (0, lsd_info.call_site_encoding, cur_ptr, &callsite_len);
                cur_ptr = read_encoded_value (0, lsd_info.call_site_encoding, cur_ptr, &callsite_landing_pad);
                cur_ptr = read_uleb128 (cur_ptr, &callsite_action);

                // Have we reach the correct frame info yet?
                if( lsd_info.Start + callsite_start + callsite_len < instruction_ptr ) {
                        //DEBUG BEGIN
                        void * ls = (void*)lsd_info.Start;
                        void * cs = (void*)callsite_start;
                        void * cl = (void*)callsite_len;
                        void * bp = (void*)lsd_info.Start + callsite_start;
                        void * ep = (void*)lsd_info.Start + callsite_start + callsite_len;
                        void * ip = (void*)instruction_ptr;
                        printf("\nfound %p - %p (%p, %p, %p), looking for %p\n", bp, ep, ls, cs, cl, ip);
                        //DEBUG END
                        continue;
                }

                // Have we gone too far
                if( lsd_info.Start + callsite_start > instruction_ptr ) {
                        printf(" gone too far");
                        break;
                }

                // Something to do?
                if( callsite_landing_pad ) {
                        // Which phase are we in
                        if (actions & _UA_SEARCH_PHASE) {
                                // Search phase, this means we probably found a potential handler and must check if it is a match

                                // If we have arbitrarily decided that 0 means nothing to do and 1 means there is a potential handler
                                // This doesn't seem to conflict the gcc default behavior
                                if (callsite_action != 0) {
                                        // Now we want to run some code to see if the handler matches
                                        // This is the tricky part where we want to the power to run arbitrary code
                                        // However, generating a new exception table entry and try routine every time
                                        // is way more expansive than we might like
                                        // The information we have is :
                                        //  - The GR (Series of registers)
                                        //    GR1=GP Global Pointer of frame ref by context
                                        //  - The instruction pointer
                                        //  - The instruction pointer info (???)
                                        //  - The CFA (Canonical Frame Address)
                                        //  - The BSP (Probably the base stack pointer)


                                        // The current apprach uses one exception table entry per try block
                                        _uleb128_t imatcher;
                                        // Get the relative offset to the
                                        cur_ptr = read_uleb128 (cur_ptr, &imatcher);

                                        // Get a function pointer from the relative offset and call it
                                        // _Unwind_Reason_Code (*matcher)() = (_Unwind_Reason_Code (*)())lsd_info.LPStart + imatcher;                                   

                                        _Unwind_Reason_Code (*matcher)(exception *) =
                                                MATCHER_FROM_CONTEXT(context);
                                        int index = matcher(shared_stack.current_exception);
                                        _Unwind_Reason_Code ret = (0 == index)
                                                ? _URC_CONTINUE_UNWIND : _URC_HANDLER_FOUND;
                                        shared_stack.current_handler_index = index;

                                        // Based on the return value, check if we matched the exception
                                        if( ret == _URC_HANDLER_FOUND) printf(" handler found\n");
                                        else printf(" no handler\n");
                                        return ret;
                                }

                                // This is only a cleanup handler, ignore it
                                printf(" no action");
                        }
                        else if (actions & _UA_CLEANUP_PHASE) {

                                if( (callsite_action != 0) && !(actions & _UA_HANDLER_FRAME) ){
                                        // If this is a potential exception handler
                                        // but not the one that matched the exception in the seach phase,
                                        // just ignore it
                                        goto UNWIND;
                                }

                                // We need to run some clean-up or a handler
                                // These statment do the right thing but I don't know any specifics at all
                                _Unwind_SetGR( context, __builtin_eh_return_data_regno(0), (_Unwind_Ptr) unwind_exception );
                                _Unwind_SetGR( context, __builtin_eh_return_data_regno(1), 0 );

                                // I assume this sets the instruction pointer to the adress of the landing pad
                                // It doesn't actually set it, it only state the value that needs to be set once we return _URC_INSTALL_CONTEXT
                                _Unwind_SetIP( context, ((lsd_info.LPStart) + (callsite_landing_pad)) );

                                // DEBUG
                                printf(" action\n");

                                // Return have some action to run
                                return _URC_INSTALL_CONTEXT;
                        }
                }

                // Nothing to do, move along
                printf(" no landing pad");
        }
        // No handling found
        printf(" table end reached\n");

        // DEBUG
        UNWIND:
        printf(" unwind\n");

        // Keep unwinding the stack
        return _URC_CONTINUE_UNWIND;
}

// Try statements are hoisted out see comments for details.  With this could probably be unique and simply linked from
// libcfa but there is one problem left, see the exception table for details
__attribute__((noinline))
void __cfaehm__try_terminate(void (*try_block)(),
                void (*catch_block)(int index, exception * except),
                __attribute__((unused)) int (*match_block)(exception * except)) {
        //! volatile int xy = 0;
        //! printf("%p %p %p %p\n", &try_block, &catch_block, &match_block, &xy);

        // Setup statments: These 2 statments won't actually result in any code, they only setup global tables.
        // However, they clobber gcc cancellation support from gcc.  We can replace the personality routine but
        // replacing the exception table gcc generates is not really doable, it generates labels based on how the
        // assembly works.

        // Setup the personality routine
        asm volatile (".cfi_personality 0x3,__gcfa_personality_v0");
        // Setup the exception table
        asm volatile (".cfi_lsda 0x3, .LLSDACFA2");

        // Label which defines the start of the area for which the handler is setup.
        asm volatile (".TRYSTART:");

        // The actual statements of the try blocks
        try_block();

        // asm statement to prevent deadcode removal
        asm volatile goto ("" : : : : CATCH );

        // Normal return
        return;

        // Exceptionnal path
        CATCH : __attribute__(( unused ));
        // Label which defines the end of the area for which the handler is setup.
        asm volatile (".TRYEND:");
        // Label which defines the start of the exception landing pad.  Basically what is called when the exception is
        // caught.  Note, if multiple handlers are given, the multiplexing should be done by the generated code, not the
        // exception runtime.
        asm volatile (".CATCH:");

        // Exception handler
        catch_block( shared_stack.current_handler_index,
                     shared_stack.current_exception );
}

// Exception table data we need to generate.  While this is almost generic, the custom data refers to foo_try_match try
// match, which is no way generic.  Some more works need to be done if we want to have a single call to the try routine.

#if defined( __x86_64__ ) || defined( __i386__ )
asm (
        //HEADER
        ".LFECFA1:\n"
        "       .globl  __gcfa_personality_v0\n"
        "       .section        .gcc_except_table,\"a\",@progbits\n"
        ".LLSDACFA2:\n"                                                 //TABLE header
        "       .byte   0xff\n"
        "       .byte   0xff\n"
        "       .byte   0x1\n"
        "       .uleb128 .LLSDACSECFA2-.LLSDACSBCFA2\n"         // BODY length
        // Body uses language specific data and therefore could be modified arbitrarily
        ".LLSDACSBCFA2:\n"                                              // BODY start
        "       .uleb128 .TRYSTART-__cfaehm__try_terminate\n"           // Handled area start  (relative to start of function)
        "       .uleb128 .TRYEND-.TRYSTART\n"                           // Handled area length
        "       .uleb128 .CATCH-__cfaehm__try_terminate\n"                              // Hanlder landing pad adress  (relative to start of function)
        "       .uleb128 1\n"                                           // Action code, gcc seems to use always 0
        ".LLSDACSECFA2:\n"                                              // BODY end
        "       .text\n"                                                        // TABLE footer
        "       .size   __cfaehm__try_terminate, .-__cfaehm__try_terminate\n"
        "       .ident  \"GCC: (Ubuntu 6.2.0-3ubuntu11~16.04) 6.2.0 20160901\"\n"
//      "       .section        .note.GNU-stack,\"x\",@progbits\n"
);
#endif // __x86_64__ || __i386__