source: src/libcfa/exception.c @ 65cdc1e

ADTaaron-thesisarm-ehast-experimentalcleanup-dtorsdeferred_resndemanglerenumforall-pointer-decayjacob/cs343-translationjenkins-sandboxnew-astnew-ast-unique-exprnew-envno_listpersistent-indexerpthread-emulationqualifiedEnumresolv-newwith_gc
Last change on this file since 65cdc1e was cbce272, checked in by Andrew Beach <ajbeach@…>, 7 years ago

Structure based exception handling.

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1//
2// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2016 University of Waterloo
3//
4// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6//
7// exception.c --
8//
9// Author           : Andrew Beach
10// Created On       : Mon Jun 26 15:13:00 2017
11// Last Modified By : Andrew Beach
12// Last Modified On : Fri Aug  4 15:20:00 2017
13// Update Count     : 6
14//
15
16#include <stddef.h> // for size_t
17
18#include "exception.h"
19
20// Implementation of the secret header.
21
22#include <stdlib.h>
23#include <stdio.h>
24#include <unwind.h>
25
26// FIX ME: temporary hack to keep ARM build working
27#ifndef _URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR
28#define _URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR 2
29#endif // ! _URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR
30#ifndef _URC_FATAL_PHASE2_ERROR
31#define _URC_FATAL_PHASE2_ERROR 2
32#endif // ! _URC_FATAL_PHASE2_ERROR
33
34#include "lsda.h"
35
36
37// Base exception vtable is abstract, you should not have base exceptions.
38struct __cfaehm__base_exception_t_vtable
39                ___cfaehm__base_exception_t_vtable_instance = {
40        .parent = NULL,
41        .size = 0,
42        .copy = NULL,
43        .free = NULL,
44        .msg = NULL
45};
46
47
48// Temperary global exception context. Does not work with concurency.
49struct exception_context_t {
50    struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * top_resume;
51    struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * current_resume;
52
53    exception * current_exception;
54    int current_handler_index;
55} shared_stack = {NULL, NULL, 0, 0};
56
57// Get the current exception context.
58// There can be a single global until multithreading occurs, then each stack
59// needs its own. It will have to be updated to handle that.
60struct exception_context_t * this_exception_context() {
61        return &shared_stack;
62}
63//#define SAVE_EXCEPTION_CONTEXT(to_name)
64//struct exception_context_t * to_name = this_exception_context();
65//exception * this_exception() {
66//    return this_exception_context()->current_exception;
67//}
68
69
70// This macro should be the only thing that needs to change across machines.  Used in the personality function, way down
71// in termination.
72// struct _Unwind_Context * -> _Unwind_Reason_Code(*)(exception *)
73#define MATCHER_FROM_CONTEXT(ptr_to_context) \
74        (*(_Unwind_Reason_Code(**)(exception*))(_Unwind_GetCFA(ptr_to_context) + 8))
75
76
77// RESUMPTION ================================================================
78
79void __cfaehm__throw_resume(exception * except) {
80
81        // DEBUG
82        printf("Throwing resumption exception\n");
83
84        struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * original_head = shared_stack.current_resume;
85        struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * current =
86                (original_head) ? original_head->next : shared_stack.top_resume;
87
88        for ( ; current ; current = current->next) {
89                shared_stack.current_resume = current;
90                if (current->handler(except)) {
91                        shared_stack.current_resume = original_head;
92                        return;
93                }
94        }
95
96        printf("Unhandled exception\n");
97        shared_stack.current_resume = original_head;
98
99        // Fall back to termination:
100        __cfaehm__throw_terminate(except);
101        // TODO: Default handler for resumption.
102}
103
104// Do we control where exceptions get thrown even with concurency?  If not these are not quite thread safe, the cleanup
105// hook has to be added after the node is built but before it is made the top node.
106
107void __cfaehm__try_resume_setup(struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * node,
108                        int (*handler)(exception * except)) {
109        node->next = shared_stack.top_resume;
110        node->handler = handler;
111        shared_stack.top_resume = node;
112}
113
114void __cfaehm__try_resume_cleanup(struct __cfaehm__try_resume_node * node) {
115        shared_stack.top_resume = node->next;
116}
117
118
119// TERMINATION ===============================================================
120
121// MEMORY MANAGEMENT (still for integers)
122// May have to move to cfa for constructors and destructors (references).
123
124struct __cfaehm__node {
125        struct __cfaehm__node * next;
126};
127
128#define NODE_TO_EXCEPT(node) ((exception *)(1 + (node)))
129#define EXCEPT_TO_NODE(except) ((struct __cfaehm__node *)(except) - 1)
130
131// Creates a copy of the indicated exception and sets current_exception to it.
132static void __cfaehm__allocate_exception( exception * except ) {
133        struct exception_context_t * context = this_exception_context();
134
135        // Allocate memory for the exception.
136        struct __cfaehm__node * store = malloc(
137                sizeof( struct __cfaehm__node ) + except->virtual_table->size );
138
139        if ( ! store ) {
140                // Failure: cannot allocate exception. Terminate thread.
141                abort(); // <- Although I think it might be the process.
142        }
143
144        // Add the node to the list:
145        store->next = EXCEPT_TO_NODE(context->current_exception);
146        context->current_exception = NODE_TO_EXCEPT(store);
147
148        // Copy the exception to storage.
149        except->virtual_table->copy( context->current_exception, except );
150}
151
152// Delete the provided exception, unsetting current_exception if relivant.
153static void __cfaehm__delete_exception( exception * except ) {
154        struct exception_context_t * context = this_exception_context();
155
156        // DEBUG
157        printf( "Deleting Exception\n");
158
159        // Remove the exception from the list.
160        struct __cfaehm__node * to_free = EXCEPT_TO_NODE(except);
161        struct __cfaehm__node * node;
162
163        if ( context->current_exception == except ) {
164                node = to_free->next;
165                context->current_exception = (node) ? NODE_TO_EXCEPT(node) : 0;
166        } else {
167                node = EXCEPT_TO_NODE(context->current_exception);
168                // It may always be in the first or second position.
169                while( to_free != node->next ) {
170                        node = node->next;
171                }
172                node->next = to_free->next;
173        }
174
175        // Free the old exception node.
176        except->virtual_table->free( except );
177        free( to_free );
178}
179
180// If this isn't a rethrow (*except==0), delete the provided exception.
181void __cfaehm__cleanup_terminate( void * except ) {
182        if ( *(void**)except ) __cfaehm__delete_exception( *(exception**)except );
183}
184
185
186// We need a piece of storage to raise the exception
187struct _Unwind_Exception this_exception_storage;
188
189// Function needed by force unwind
190// It basically says to unwind the whole stack and then exit when we reach the end of the stack
191static _Unwind_Reason_Code _Stop_Fn(
192                int version,
193                _Unwind_Action actions,
194                _Unwind_Exception_Class exceptionClass,
195                struct _Unwind_Exception * unwind_exception,
196                struct _Unwind_Context * context,
197                void * some_param) {
198        if( actions & _UA_END_OF_STACK  ) exit(1);
199        if( actions & _UA_CLEANUP_PHASE ) return _URC_NO_REASON;
200
201        return _URC_FATAL_PHASE2_ERROR;
202}
203
204// The exception that is being thrown must already be stored.
205__attribute__((noreturn)) void __cfaehm__begin_unwind(void) {
206        if ( ! this_exception_context()->current_exception ) {
207                printf("UNWIND ERROR missing exception in begin unwind\n");
208                abort();
209        }
210
211
212        // Call stdlibc to raise the exception
213        _Unwind_Reason_Code ret = _Unwind_RaiseException( &this_exception_storage );
214
215        // If we reach here it means something happened.  For resumption to work we need to find a way to return back to
216        // here.  Most of them will probably boil down to setting a global flag and making the phase 1 either stop or
217        // fail.  Causing an error on purpose may help avoiding unnecessary work but it might have some weird side
218        // effects.  If we just pretend no handler was found that would work but may be expensive for no reason since we
219        // will always search the whole stack.
220
221        if( ret == _URC_END_OF_STACK ) {
222                // No proper handler was found.  This can be handled in several way.  C++ calls std::terminate Here we
223                // force unwind the stack, basically raising a cancellation.
224                printf("Uncaught exception %p\n", &this_exception_storage);
225
226                ret = _Unwind_ForcedUnwind( &this_exception_storage, _Stop_Fn, (void*)0x22 );
227                printf("UNWIND ERROR %d after force unwind\n", ret);
228                abort();
229        }
230
231        // We did not simply reach the end of the stack without finding a handler.  Something wen't wrong
232        printf("UNWIND ERROR %d after raise exception\n", ret);
233        abort();
234}
235
236void __cfaehm__throw_terminate( exception * val ) {
237        // DEBUG
238        printf("Throwing termination exception\n");
239
240        __cfaehm__allocate_exception( val );
241        __cfaehm__begin_unwind();
242}
243
244void __cfaehm__rethrow_terminate(void) {
245        // DEBUG
246        printf("Rethrowing termination exception\n");
247
248        __cfaehm__begin_unwind();
249}
250
251// This is our personality routine.  For every stack frame anotated with ".cfi_personality 0x3,__gcfa_personality_v0".
252// This function will be called twice when unwinding.  Once in the search phased and once in the cleanup phase.
253_Unwind_Reason_Code __gcfa_personality_v0 (
254                int version, _Unwind_Action actions, unsigned long long exceptionClass,
255                struct _Unwind_Exception* unwind_exception,
256                struct _Unwind_Context* context)
257{
258
259        // DEBUG
260        //printf("CFA: 0x%lx\n", _Unwind_GetCFA(context));
261        printf("Personality function (%d, %x, %llu, %p, %p):", version, actions, exceptionClass, unwind_exception, context);
262
263        // If we've reached the end of the stack then there is nothing much we can do...
264        if( actions & _UA_END_OF_STACK ) return _URC_END_OF_STACK;
265
266        // DEBUG
267        if (actions & _UA_SEARCH_PHASE) {
268                printf(" lookup phase");
269        }
270        // DEBUG
271        else if (actions & _UA_CLEANUP_PHASE) {
272                printf(" cleanup phase");
273        }
274        // Just in case, probably can't actually happen
275        else {
276                printf(" error\n");
277                return _URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR;
278        }
279
280        // Get a pointer to the language specific data from which we will read what we need
281        const unsigned char * lsd = (const unsigned char*) _Unwind_GetLanguageSpecificData( context );
282
283        if( !lsd ) {    //Nothing to do, keep unwinding
284                printf(" no LSD");
285                goto UNWIND;
286        }
287
288        // Get the instuction pointer and a reading pointer into the exception table
289        lsda_header_info lsd_info;
290        const unsigned char * cur_ptr = parse_lsda_header( context, lsd, &lsd_info);
291        _Unwind_Ptr instruction_ptr = _Unwind_GetIP( context );
292
293        // Linearly search the table for stuff to do
294        while( cur_ptr < lsd_info.action_table ) {
295                _Unwind_Ptr callsite_start;
296                _Unwind_Ptr callsite_len;
297                _Unwind_Ptr callsite_landing_pad;
298                _uleb128_t  callsite_action;
299
300                // Decode the common stuff we have in here
301                cur_ptr = read_encoded_value (0, lsd_info.call_site_encoding, cur_ptr, &callsite_start);
302                cur_ptr = read_encoded_value (0, lsd_info.call_site_encoding, cur_ptr, &callsite_len);
303                cur_ptr = read_encoded_value (0, lsd_info.call_site_encoding, cur_ptr, &callsite_landing_pad);
304                cur_ptr = read_uleb128 (cur_ptr, &callsite_action);
305
306                // Have we reach the correct frame info yet?
307                if( lsd_info.Start + callsite_start + callsite_len < instruction_ptr ) {
308                        //DEBUG BEGIN
309                        void * ls = (void*)lsd_info.Start;
310                        void * cs = (void*)callsite_start;
311                        void * cl = (void*)callsite_len;
312                        void * bp = (void*)lsd_info.Start + callsite_start;
313                        void * ep = (void*)lsd_info.Start + callsite_start + callsite_len;
314                        void * ip = (void*)instruction_ptr;
315                        printf("\nfound %p - %p (%p, %p, %p), looking for %p\n", bp, ep, ls, cs, cl, ip);
316                        //DEBUG END
317                        continue;
318                }
319
320                // Have we gone too far
321                if( lsd_info.Start + callsite_start > instruction_ptr ) {
322                        printf(" gone too far");
323                        break;
324                }
325
326                // Something to do?
327                if( callsite_landing_pad ) {
328                        // Which phase are we in
329                        if (actions & _UA_SEARCH_PHASE) {
330                                // Search phase, this means we probably found a potential handler and must check if it is a match
331
332                                // If we have arbitrarily decided that 0 means nothing to do and 1 means there is a potential handler
333                                // This doesn't seem to conflict the gcc default behavior
334                                if (callsite_action != 0) {
335                                        // Now we want to run some code to see if the handler matches
336                                        // This is the tricky part where we want to the power to run arbitrary code
337                                        // However, generating a new exception table entry and try routine every time
338                                        // is way more expansive than we might like
339                                        // The information we have is :
340                                        //  - The GR (Series of registers)
341                                        //    GR1=GP Global Pointer of frame ref by context
342                                        //  - The instruction pointer
343                                        //  - The instruction pointer info (???)
344                                        //  - The CFA (Canonical Frame Address)
345                                        //  - The BSP (Probably the base stack pointer)
346
347
348                                        // The current apprach uses one exception table entry per try block
349                                        _uleb128_t imatcher;
350                                        // Get the relative offset to the
351                                        cur_ptr = read_uleb128 (cur_ptr, &imatcher);
352
353                                        // Get a function pointer from the relative offset and call it
354                                        // _Unwind_Reason_Code (*matcher)() = (_Unwind_Reason_Code (*)())lsd_info.LPStart + imatcher;                                   
355
356                                        _Unwind_Reason_Code (*matcher)(exception *) =
357                                                MATCHER_FROM_CONTEXT(context);
358                                        int index = matcher(shared_stack.current_exception);
359                                        _Unwind_Reason_Code ret = (0 == index)
360                                                ? _URC_CONTINUE_UNWIND : _URC_HANDLER_FOUND;
361                                        shared_stack.current_handler_index = index;
362
363                                        // Based on the return value, check if we matched the exception
364                                        if( ret == _URC_HANDLER_FOUND) printf(" handler found\n");
365                                        else printf(" no handler\n");
366                                        return ret;
367                                }
368
369                                // This is only a cleanup handler, ignore it
370                                printf(" no action");
371                        }
372                        else if (actions & _UA_CLEANUP_PHASE) {
373
374                                if( (callsite_action != 0) && !(actions & _UA_HANDLER_FRAME) ){
375                                        // If this is a potential exception handler
376                                        // but not the one that matched the exception in the seach phase,
377                                        // just ignore it
378                                        goto UNWIND;
379                                }
380
381                                // We need to run some clean-up or a handler
382                                // These statment do the right thing but I don't know any specifics at all
383                                _Unwind_SetGR( context, __builtin_eh_return_data_regno(0), (_Unwind_Ptr) unwind_exception );
384                                _Unwind_SetGR( context, __builtin_eh_return_data_regno(1), 0 );
385
386                                // I assume this sets the instruction pointer to the adress of the landing pad
387                                // It doesn't actually set it, it only state the value that needs to be set once we return _URC_INSTALL_CONTEXT
388                                _Unwind_SetIP( context, ((lsd_info.LPStart) + (callsite_landing_pad)) );
389
390                                // DEBUG
391                                printf(" action\n");
392
393                                // Return have some action to run
394                                return _URC_INSTALL_CONTEXT;
395                        }
396                }
397
398                // Nothing to do, move along
399                printf(" no landing pad");
400        }
401        // No handling found
402        printf(" table end reached\n");
403
404        // DEBUG
405        UNWIND:
406        printf(" unwind\n");
407
408        // Keep unwinding the stack
409        return _URC_CONTINUE_UNWIND;
410}
411
412// Try statements are hoisted out see comments for details.  With this could probably be unique and simply linked from
413// libcfa but there is one problem left, see the exception table for details
414__attribute__((noinline))
415void __cfaehm__try_terminate(void (*try_block)(),
416                void (*catch_block)(int index, exception * except),
417                __attribute__((unused)) int (*match_block)(exception * except)) {
418        //! volatile int xy = 0;
419        //! printf("%p %p %p %p\n", &try_block, &catch_block, &match_block, &xy);
420
421        // Setup statments: These 2 statments won't actually result in any code, they only setup global tables.
422        // However, they clobber gcc cancellation support from gcc.  We can replace the personality routine but
423        // replacing the exception table gcc generates is not really doable, it generates labels based on how the
424        // assembly works.
425
426        // Setup the personality routine
427        asm volatile (".cfi_personality 0x3,__gcfa_personality_v0");
428        // Setup the exception table
429        asm volatile (".cfi_lsda 0x3, .LLSDACFA2");
430
431        // Label which defines the start of the area for which the handler is setup.
432        asm volatile (".TRYSTART:");
433
434        // The actual statements of the try blocks
435        try_block();
436
437        // asm statement to prevent deadcode removal
438        asm volatile goto ("" : : : : CATCH );
439
440        // Normal return
441        return;
442
443        // Exceptionnal path
444        CATCH : __attribute__(( unused ));
445        // Label which defines the end of the area for which the handler is setup.
446        asm volatile (".TRYEND:");
447        // Label which defines the start of the exception landing pad.  Basically what is called when the exception is
448        // caught.  Note, if multiple handlers are given, the multiplexing should be done by the generated code, not the
449        // exception runtime.
450        asm volatile (".CATCH:");
451
452        // Exception handler
453        catch_block( shared_stack.current_handler_index,
454                     shared_stack.current_exception );
455}
456
457// Exception table data we need to generate.  While this is almost generic, the custom data refers to foo_try_match try
458// match, which is no way generic.  Some more works need to be done if we want to have a single call to the try routine.
459
460#if defined( __x86_64__ ) || defined( __i386__ )
461asm (
462        //HEADER
463        ".LFECFA1:\n"
464        "       .globl  __gcfa_personality_v0\n"
465        "       .section        .gcc_except_table,\"a\",@progbits\n"
466        ".LLSDACFA2:\n"                                                 //TABLE header
467        "       .byte   0xff\n"
468        "       .byte   0xff\n"
469        "       .byte   0x1\n"
470        "       .uleb128 .LLSDACSECFA2-.LLSDACSBCFA2\n"         // BODY length
471        // Body uses language specific data and therefore could be modified arbitrarily
472        ".LLSDACSBCFA2:\n"                                              // BODY start
473        "       .uleb128 .TRYSTART-__cfaehm__try_terminate\n"           // Handled area start  (relative to start of function)
474        "       .uleb128 .TRYEND-.TRYSTART\n"                           // Handled area length
475        "       .uleb128 .CATCH-__cfaehm__try_terminate\n"                              // Hanlder landing pad adress  (relative to start of function)
476        "       .uleb128 1\n"                                           // Action code, gcc seems to use always 0
477        ".LLSDACSECFA2:\n"                                              // BODY end
478        "       .text\n"                                                        // TABLE footer
479        "       .size   __cfaehm__try_terminate, .-__cfaehm__try_terminate\n"
480        "       .ident  \"GCC: (Ubuntu 6.2.0-3ubuntu11~16.04) 6.2.0 20160901\"\n"
481//      "       .section        .note.GNU-stack,\"x\",@progbits\n"
482);
483#endif // __x86_64__ || __i386__
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