source: src/Parser/parser.yy@ 0c6900b

ADT arm-eh ast-experimental cleanup-dtors enum forall-pointer-decay jacob/cs343-translation jenkins-sandbox new-ast new-ast-unique-expr pthread-emulation qualifiedEnum
Last change on this file since 0c6900b was 933f32f, checked in by Thierry Delisle <tdelisle@…>, 6 years ago

Merge branch 'master' into cleanup-dtors

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File size: 135.5 KB
Line 
1//
2// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
3//
4// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6//
7// parser.yy --
8//
9// Author : Peter A. Buhr
10// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
11// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12// Last Modified On : Wed May 15 21:25:27 2019
13// Update Count : 4296
14//
15
16// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the C
17// grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts have been
18// copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to constitute a new grammar.
19// In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it parses less incorrect language syntax
20// that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless, there are still several semantic checks
21// required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
22
23// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got stuck with
24// the grammar.
25
26// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
27//
28// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
29//
30// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar also has
31// two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
32//
33// 1. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
34// 2. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
35//
36// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for Cforall
37// (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language concepts. All of the
38// syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above, there is one unreconcileable
39// parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is discussed in detail before the "designation"
40// grammar rule.
41
42%{
43#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
44#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
45#define YYERROR_VERBOSE // more information in syntax errors
46
47#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
48
49#include <cstdio>
50#include <stack>
51using namespace std;
52
53#include "ParseNode.h"
54#include "TypedefTable.h"
55#include "TypeData.h"
56#include "LinkageSpec.h"
57#include "Common/SemanticError.h" // error_str
58#include "Common/utility.h" // for maybeMoveBuild, maybeBuild, CodeLo...
59
60extern DeclarationNode * parseTree;
61extern LinkageSpec::Spec linkage;
62extern TypedefTable typedefTable;
63
64stack< LinkageSpec::Spec > linkageStack;
65
66bool appendStr( string & to, string & from ) {
67 // 1. Multiple strings are concatenated into a single string but not combined internally. The reason is that
68 // "\x12" "3" is treated as 2 characters versus 1 because "escape sequences are converted into single members of
69 // the execution character set just prior to adjacent string literal concatenation" (C11, Section 6.4.5-8). It is
70 // easier to let the C compiler handle this case.
71 //
72 // 2. String encodings are transformed into canonical form (one encoding at start) so the encoding can be found
73 // without searching the string, e.g.: "abc" L"def" L"ghi" => L"abc" "def" "ghi". Multiple encodings must match,
74 // i.e., u"a" U"b" L"c" is disallowed.
75
76 if ( from[0] != '"' ) { // encoding ?
77 if ( to[0] != '"' ) { // encoding ?
78 if ( to[0] != from[0] || to[1] != from[1] ) { // different encodings ?
79 yyerror( "non-matching string encodings for string-literal concatenation" );
80 return false; // parse error, must call YYERROR in action
81 } else if ( from[1] == '8' ) {
82 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
83 } // if
84 } else {
85 if ( from[1] == '8' ) { // move encoding to start
86 to = "u8" + to;
87 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
88 } else {
89 to = from[0] + to;
90 } // if
91 } // if
92 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
93 } // if
94 to += " " + from; // concatenated into single string
95 return true;
96} // appendStr
97
98DeclarationNode * distAttr( DeclarationNode * specifier, DeclarationNode * declList ) {
99 // distribute declaration_specifier across all declared variables, e.g., static, const, __attribute__.
100 DeclarationNode * cur = declList, * cl = (new DeclarationNode)->addType( specifier );
101 for ( cur = dynamic_cast<DeclarationNode *>( cur->get_next() ); cur != nullptr; cur = dynamic_cast<DeclarationNode *>( cur->get_next() ) ) {
102 cl->cloneBaseType( cur );
103 } // for
104 declList->addType( cl );
105 return declList;
106} // distAttr
107
108void distExt( DeclarationNode * declaration ) {
109 // distribute EXTENSION across all declarations
110 for ( DeclarationNode *iter = declaration; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
111 iter->set_extension( true );
112 } // for
113} // distExt
114
115void distInl( DeclarationNode * declaration ) {
116 // distribute EXTENSION across all declarations
117 for ( DeclarationNode *iter = declaration; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
118 iter->set_inLine( true );
119 } // for
120} // distInl
121
122void distQual( DeclarationNode * declaration, DeclarationNode * qualifiers ) {
123 // distribute qualifiers across all non-variable declarations in a distribution statemement
124 for ( DeclarationNode * iter = declaration; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
125 // SKULLDUGGERY: Distributions are parsed inside out, so qualifiers are added to declarations inside out. Since
126 // addQualifiers appends to the back of the list, the forall clauses are in the wrong order (right to left). To
127 // get the qualifiers in the correct order and still use addQualifiers (otherwise, 90% of addQualifiers has to
128 // be copied to add to front), the appropriate forall pointers are interchanged before calling addQualifiers.
129 DeclarationNode * clone = qualifiers->clone();
130 if ( qualifiers->type ) { // forall clause ? (handles SC)
131 if ( iter->type->kind == TypeData::Aggregate ) { // struct/union ?
132 swap( clone->type->forall, iter->type->aggregate.params );
133 iter->addQualifiers( clone );
134 } else if ( iter->type->kind == TypeData::AggregateInst && iter->type->aggInst.aggregate->aggregate.body ) { // struct/union ?
135 // Create temporary node to hold aggregate, call addQualifiers as above, then put nodes back together.
136 DeclarationNode newnode;
137 swap( newnode.type, iter->type->aggInst.aggregate );
138 swap( clone->type->forall, newnode.type->aggregate.params );
139 newnode.addQualifiers( clone );
140 swap( newnode.type, iter->type->aggInst.aggregate );
141 } else if ( iter->type->kind == TypeData::Function ) { // routines ?
142 swap( clone->type->forall, iter->type->forall );
143 iter->addQualifiers( clone );
144 } // if
145 } else { // just SC qualifiers
146 iter->addQualifiers( clone );
147 } // if
148 } // for
149 delete qualifiers;
150} // distQual
151
152// There is an ambiguity for inline generic-routine return-types and generic routines.
153// forall( otype T ) struct S { int i; } bar( T ) {}
154// Does the forall bind to the struct or the routine, and how would it be possible to explicitly specify the binding.
155// forall( otype T ) struct S { int T; } forall( otype W ) bar( W ) {}
156// Currently, the forall is associated with the routine, and the generic type has to be separately defined:
157// forall( otype T ) struct S { int T; };
158// forall( otype W ) bar( W ) {}
159
160void rebindForall( DeclarationNode * declSpec, DeclarationNode * funcDecl ) {
161 if ( declSpec->type->kind == TypeData::Aggregate ) { // ignore aggregate definition
162 funcDecl->type->forall = declSpec->type->aggregate.params; // move forall from aggregate to function type
163 declSpec->type->aggregate.params = nullptr;
164 } // if
165} // rebindForall
166
167NameExpr * build_postfix_name( const string * name ) {
168 NameExpr * new_name = build_varref( new string( "?`" + *name ) );
169 delete name;
170 return new_name;
171} // build_postfix_name
172
173DeclarationNode * fieldDecl( DeclarationNode * typeSpec, DeclarationNode * fieldList ) {
174 if ( ! fieldList ) { // field declarator ?
175 if ( ! ( typeSpec->type && (typeSpec->type->kind == TypeData::Aggregate || typeSpec->type->kind == TypeData::Enum) ) ) {
176 stringstream ss;
177 typeSpec->type->print( ss );
178 SemanticWarning( yylloc, Warning::SuperfluousDecl, ss.str().c_str() );
179 return nullptr;
180 } // if
181 fieldList = DeclarationNode::newName( nullptr );
182 } // if
183 return distAttr( typeSpec, fieldList ); // mark all fields in list
184} // fieldDecl
185
186ForCtrl * forCtrl( ExpressionNode * type, string * index, ExpressionNode * start, enum OperKinds compop, ExpressionNode * comp, ExpressionNode * inc ) {
187 ConstantExpr * constant = dynamic_cast<ConstantExpr *>(type->expr.get());
188 if ( constant && (constant->get_constant()->get_value() == "0" || constant->get_constant()->get_value() == "1") ) {
189 type = new ExpressionNode( new CastExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >(type), new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::SignedInt ) ) );
190 } // if
191 return new ForCtrl(
192 distAttr( DeclarationNode::newTypeof( type, true ), DeclarationNode::newName( index )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( start ) ) ),
193 // NULL comp/inc => leave blank
194 comp ? new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( compop, new ExpressionNode( build_varref( new string( *index ) ) ), comp ) ) : 0,
195 inc ? new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( compop == OperKinds::LThan || compop == OperKinds::LEThan ? // choose += or -= for upto/downto
196 OperKinds::PlusAssn : OperKinds::MinusAssn, new ExpressionNode( build_varref( new string( *index ) ) ), inc ) ) : 0 );
197} // forCtrl
198
199ForCtrl * forCtrl( ExpressionNode * type, ExpressionNode * index, ExpressionNode * start, enum OperKinds compop, ExpressionNode * comp, ExpressionNode * inc ) {
200 if ( NameExpr * identifier = dynamic_cast<NameExpr *>(index->expr.get()) ) {
201 return forCtrl( type, new string( identifier->name ), start, compop, comp, inc );
202 } else if ( CommaExpr * commaExpr = dynamic_cast<CommaExpr *>(index->expr.get()) ) {
203 if ( NameExpr * identifier = dynamic_cast<NameExpr *>(commaExpr->arg1 ) ) {
204 return forCtrl( type, new string( identifier->name ), start, compop, comp, inc );
205 } else {
206 SemanticError( yylloc, "Expression disallowed. Only loop-index name allowed" ); return nullptr;
207 } // if
208 } else {
209 SemanticError( yylloc, "Expression disallowed. Only loop-index name allowed" ); return nullptr;
210 } // if
211} // forCtrl
212
213
214bool forall = false, yyy = false; // aggregate have one or more forall qualifiers ?
215
216// https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/manual/bison.html#Location-Type
217#define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Cur, Rhs, N) \
218if ( N ) { \
219 (Cur).first_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).first_line; \
220 (Cur).first_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).first_column; \
221 (Cur).last_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, N ).last_line; \
222 (Cur).last_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, N ).last_column; \
223 (Cur).filename = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).filename; \
224} else { \
225 (Cur).first_line = (Cur).last_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).last_line; \
226 (Cur).first_column = (Cur).last_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).last_column; \
227 (Cur).filename = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).filename; \
228}
229%}
230
231%define parse.error verbose
232
233// Types declaration for productions
234%union {
235 Token tok;
236 ParseNode * pn;
237 ExpressionNode * en;
238 DeclarationNode * decl;
239 DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
240 DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
241 StatementNode * sn;
242 WaitForStmt * wfs;
243 Expression * constant;
244 IfCtrl * ifctl;
245 ForCtrl * fctl;
246 enum OperKinds compop;
247 LabelNode * label;
248 InitializerNode * in;
249 OperKinds op;
250 std::string * str;
251 bool flag;
252 CatchStmt::Kind catch_kind;
253 GenericExpr * genexpr;
254}
255
256//************************* TERMINAL TOKENS ********************************
257
258// keywords
259%token TYPEDEF
260%token EXTERN STATIC AUTO REGISTER
261%token THREADLOCAL // C11
262%token INLINE FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
263%token NORETURN // C11
264%token CONST VOLATILE
265%token RESTRICT // C99
266%token ATOMIC // C11
267%token FORALL MUTEX VIRTUAL COERCE // CFA
268%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
269%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
270%token INT128 uuFLOAT80 uuFLOAT128 // GCC
271%token uFLOAT16 uFLOAT32 uFLOAT32X uFLOAT64 uFLOAT64X uFLOAT128 // GCC
272%token ZERO_T ONE_T // CFA
273%token VALIST // GCC
274%token TYPEOF BASETYPEOF LABEL // GCC
275%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
276%token EXCEPTION // CFA
277%token GENERATOR COROUTINE MONITOR THREAD // CFA
278%token OTYPE FTYPE DTYPE TTYPE TRAIT // CFA
279%token SIZEOF OFFSETOF
280%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
281%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
282%token CHOOSE DISABLE ENABLE FALLTHRU FALLTHROUGH TRY CATCH CATCHRESUME FINALLY THROW THROWRESUME AT WITH WHEN WAITFOR // CFA
283%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
284%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF GENERIC STATICASSERT // C11
285
286// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
287%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
288%token<tok> TIMEOUT WOR
289%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
290%token<tok> INTEGERconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
291%token<tok> DIRECTIVE
292// Floating point constant is broken into three kinds of tokens because of the ambiguity with tuple indexing and
293// overloading constants 0/1, e.g., x.1 is lexed as (x)(.1), where (.1) is a factional constant, but is semantically
294// converted into the tuple index (.)(1). e.g., 3.x
295%token<tok> FLOATING_DECIMALconstant FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant FLOATINGconstant
296
297// multi-character operators
298%token ARROW // ->
299%token ICR DECR // ++ --
300%token LS RS // << >>
301%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
302%token ANDAND OROR // && ||
303%token ELLIPSIS // ...
304
305%token EXPassign MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // \= *= /= %=
306%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
307%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
308%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= |=
309
310%token ErangeUpEq ErangeDown ErangeDownEq // ~= -~ -~=
311%token ATassign // @=
312
313%type<tok> identifier no_attr_identifier
314%type<tok> identifier_or_type_name no_attr_identifier_or_type_name attr_name
315%type<tok> quasi_keyword
316%type<constant> string_literal
317%type<str> string_literal_list
318
319// expressions
320%type<en> constant
321%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
322%type<op> ptrref_operator unary_operator assignment_operator
323%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
324%type<en> cast_expression exponential_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression
325%type<en> shift_expression relational_expression equality_expression
326%type<en> AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression inclusive_OR_expression
327%type<en> logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression
328%type<en> conditional_expression constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
329%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
330%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression default_initialize_opt
331%type<ifctl> if_control_expression
332%type<fctl> for_control_expression for_control_expression_list
333%type<compop> inclexcl
334%type<en> subrange
335%type<decl> asm_name_opt
336%type<en> asm_operands_opt asm_operands_list asm_operand
337%type<label> label_list
338%type<en> asm_clobbers_list_opt
339%type<flag> asm_volatile_opt
340%type<en> handler_predicate_opt
341%type<genexpr> generic_association generic_assoc_list
342
343// statements
344%type<sn> statement labeled_statement compound_statement
345%type<sn> statement_decl statement_decl_list statement_list_nodecl
346%type<sn> selection_statement if_statement
347%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list
348%type<en> case_value
349%type<sn> case_clause case_value_list case_label case_label_list
350%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement
351%type<sn> expression_statement asm_statement
352%type<sn> with_statement
353%type<en> with_clause_opt
354%type<sn> exception_statement handler_clause finally_clause
355%type<catch_kind> handler_key
356%type<sn> mutex_statement
357%type<en> when_clause when_clause_opt waitfor timeout
358%type<sn> waitfor_statement
359%type<wfs> waitfor_clause
360
361// declarations
362%type<decl> abstract_declarator abstract_ptr abstract_array abstract_function array_dimension multi_array_dimension
363%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_parameter_array abstract_parameter_function array_parameter_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension
364%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration
365
366%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
367%type<decl> aggregate_type aggregate_type_nobody
368
369%type<decl> assertion assertion_list assertion_list_opt
370
371%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
372
373%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type indirect_type
374
375%type<decl> trait_declaration trait_declaration_list trait_declaring_list trait_specifier
376
377%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
378%type<decl> declaration_specifier declaration_specifier_nobody declarator declaring_list
379
380%type<decl> elaborated_type elaborated_type_nobody
381
382%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_type enum_type_nobody
383%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
384
385%type<decl> external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
386
387%type<decl> exception_declaration
388
389%type<decl> field_declaration_list_opt field_declaration field_declaring_list_opt field_declarator field_abstract_list_opt field_abstract
390%type<en> field field_name_list field_name fraction_constants_opt
391
392%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
393
394%type<decl> identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_function
395%type<decl> identifier_list
396
397%type<decl> cfa_abstract_array cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
398%type<decl> cfa_abstract_function cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration cfa_abstract_parameter_list
399%type<decl> cfa_abstract_ptr cfa_abstract_tuple
400
401%type<decl> cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension
402
403%type<decl> cfa_trait_declaring_list cfa_declaration cfa_field_declaring_list cfa_field_abstract_list
404%type<decl> cfa_function_declaration cfa_function_return cfa_function_specifier
405
406%type<decl> cfa_identifier_parameter_array cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
407%type<decl> cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
408
409%type<decl> cfa_parameter_declaration cfa_parameter_list cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt
410
411%type<decl> cfa_typedef_declaration cfa_variable_declaration cfa_variable_specifier
412
413%type<decl> c_declaration static_assert
414%type<decl> KR_function_declarator KR_function_no_ptr KR_function_ptr KR_function_array
415%type<decl> KR_parameter_list KR_parameter_list_opt
416
417%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list_opt
418
419%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_type
420
421%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_list
422
423%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_declaration_specifier_nobody sue_type_specifier sue_type_specifier_nobody
424
425%type<tclass> type_class
426%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
427
428%type<decl> type_declaration_specifier type_type_specifier type_name typegen_name
429%type<decl> typedef typedef_declaration typedef_expression
430
431%type<decl> variable_type_redeclarator type_ptr type_array type_function
432
433%type<decl> type_parameter_redeclarator type_parameter_ptr type_parameter_array type_parameter_function
434
435%type<decl> type type_no_function
436%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list type_initializer_opt
437
438%type<en> type_parameters_opt type_list
439
440%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name forall type_qualifier_list_opt type_qualifier_list
441%type<decl> type_specifier type_specifier_nobody
442
443%type<decl> variable_declarator variable_ptr variable_array variable_function
444%type<decl> variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_ptr variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_function
445
446%type<decl> attribute_list_opt attribute_list attribute_name_list attribute attribute_name
447
448// initializers
449%type<in> initializer initializer_list_opt initializer_opt
450
451// designators
452%type<en> designator designator_list designation
453
454
455// Handle shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string is ambiguous:
456// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement . (reduce)
457// if ( C ) S1 else S2
458// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement . (shift) ELSE statement */
459// Similar issues exit with the waitfor statement.
460
461// Order of these lines matters (low-to-high precedence). THEN is left associative over WOR/TIMEOUT/ELSE, WOR is left
462// associative over TIMEOUT/ELSE, and TIMEOUT is left associative over ELSE.
463%precedence THEN // rule precedence for IF/WAITFOR statement
464%precedence WOR // token precedence for start of WOR in WAITFOR statement
465%precedence TIMEOUT // token precedence for start of TIMEOUT in WAITFOR statement
466%precedence ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF/WAITFOR statement
467
468// Handle shift/reduce conflict for generic type by shifting the '(' token. For example, this string is ambiguous:
469// forall( otype T ) struct Foo { T v; };
470// .-----. matches pointer to function returning a generic (which is impossible without a type)
471// Foo ( *fp )( int );
472// `---' matches start of TYPEGENname '('
473// must be:
474// Foo( int ) ( *fp )( int );
475// The same problem occurs here:
476// forall( otype T ) struct Foo { T v; } ( *fp )( int );
477// must be:
478// forall( otype T ) struct Foo { T v; } ( int ) ( *fp )( int );
479
480// Order of these lines matters (low-to-high precedence).
481%precedence TYPEGENname
482%precedence '}'
483%precedence '('
484
485%locations // support location tracking for error messages
486
487%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
488
489%%
490//************************* Namespace Management ********************************
491
492// The C grammar is not context free because it relies on the distinct terminal symbols "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname",
493// which are lexically identical.
494//
495// typedef int foo; // identifier foo must now be scanned as TYPEDEFname
496// foo f; // to allow it to appear in this context
497//
498// While it may be possible to write a purely context-free grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship
499// between syntactic and semantic constructs. Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the
500// scope of a declaration (for instance, those introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type
501// generators" -- parameterized types. This latter type name creates a third class of identifiers, "TYPEGENname", which
502// must be distinguished by the lexical scanner.
503//
504// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context information,
505// there is a type table (typedefTable), which holds type names and identifiers that override type names, for each named
506// scope. During parsing, semantic actions update the type table by adding new identifiers in the current scope. For
507// each context that introduces a name scope, a new level is created in the type table and that level is popped on
508// exiting the scope. Since type names can be local to a particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope.
509// This requires distinguishing between type names that are local to the current declaration scope and those that
510// persist past the end of the declaration (i.e., names defined in "typedef" or "otype" declarations).
511//
512// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" denote the opening and closing of named scopes. Every push has a matching pop in
513// the production rule. There are multiple lists of declarations, where each declaration is a named scope, so pop/push
514// around the list separator.
515//
516// int f( forall(T) T (*f1) T , forall( S ) S (*f2)( S ) );
517// push pop push pop
518
519push:
520 { typedefTable.enterScope(); }
521 ;
522
523pop:
524 { typedefTable.leaveScope(); }
525 ;
526
527//************************* CONSTANTS ********************************
528
529constant:
530 // ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type "enumeration constant".
531 INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *$1 ) ); }
532 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
533 | FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
534 | FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
535 | CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantChar( *$1 ) ); }
536 ;
537
538quasi_keyword: // CFA
539 TIMEOUT
540 | WOR
541 ;
542
543no_attr_identifier:
544 IDENTIFIER
545 | quasi_keyword
546 | '@' // CFA
547 { Token tok = { new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), yylval.tok.loc }; $$ = tok; }
548 ;
549
550identifier:
551 no_attr_identifier
552 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
553 ;
554
555string_literal:
556 string_literal_list { $$ = build_constantStr( *$1 ); }
557 ;
558
559string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
560 STRINGliteral { $$ = $1; } // conversion from tok to str
561 | string_literal_list STRINGliteral
562 {
563 if ( ! appendStr( *$1, *$2 ) ) YYERROR; // append 2nd juxtaposed string to 1st
564 delete $2; // allocated by lexer
565 $$ = $1; // conversion from tok to str
566 }
567 ;
568
569//************************* EXPRESSIONS ********************************
570
571primary_expression:
572 IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
573 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
574 | quasi_keyword
575 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
576 | tuple
577 | '(' comma_expression ')'
578 { $$ = $2; }
579 | '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
580 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new StmtExpr( dynamic_cast< CompoundStmt * >(maybeMoveBuild< Statement >($2) ) ) ); }
581 | constant '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
582 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), $1 ) ); }
583 | string_literal '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
584 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), new ExpressionNode( $1 ) ) ); }
585 | IDENTIFIER '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
586 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ) ) ); }
587 | tuple '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
588 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), $1 ) ); }
589 | '(' comma_expression ')' '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
590 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $5 ) ), $2 ) ); }
591 | type_name '.' no_attr_identifier // CFA, nested type
592 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Qualified name is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
593 | type_name '.' '[' field_name_list ']' // CFA, nested type / tuple field selector
594 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Qualified name is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
595 | GENERIC '(' assignment_expression ',' generic_assoc_list ')' // C11
596 {
597 // add the missing control expression to the GenericExpr and return it
598 $5->control = maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 );
599 $$ = new ExpressionNode( $5 );
600 }
601 ;
602
603generic_assoc_list: // C11
604 generic_association
605 | generic_assoc_list ',' generic_association
606 {
607 // steal the association node from the singleton and delete the wrapper
608 $1->associations.splice($1->associations.end(), $3->associations);
609 delete $3;
610 $$ = $1;
611 }
612 ;
613
614generic_association: // C11
615 type_no_function ':' assignment_expression
616 {
617 // create a GenericExpr wrapper with one association pair
618 $$ = new GenericExpr( nullptr, { { maybeMoveBuildType($1), maybeMoveBuild<Expression>($3) } } );
619 }
620 | DEFAULT ':' assignment_expression
621 { $$ = new GenericExpr( nullptr, { { maybeMoveBuild<Expression>($3) } } ); }
622 ;
623
624postfix_expression:
625 primary_expression
626 | postfix_expression '[' assignment_expression ']'
627 // CFA, comma_expression disallowed in this context because it results in a common user error: subscripting a
628 // matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards compatible, there seems to be
629 // little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is
630 // equivalent to the old x[i,j].
631 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Index, $1, $3 ) ); }
632 | postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA, constructor call
633 {
634 Token fn;
635 fn.str = new std::string( "?{}" ); // location undefined - use location of '{'?
636 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new ConstructorExpr( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $1 )->set_last( $3 ) ) ) );
637 }
638 | postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
639 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( $1, $3 ) ); }
640 | postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
641 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
642 | postfix_expression '.' INTEGERconstant // CFA, tuple index
643 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_constantInteger( *$3 ) ) ); }
644 | postfix_expression FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant // CFA, tuple index
645 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_field_name_FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant( *$2 ) ) ); }
646 | postfix_expression '.' '[' field_name_list ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
647 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
648 | postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
649 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
650 | postfix_expression ARROW INTEGERconstant // CFA, tuple index
651 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_constantInteger( *$3 ) ) ); }
652 | postfix_expression ARROW '[' field_name_list ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
653 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
654 | postfix_expression ICR
655 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::IncrPost, $1 ) ); }
656 | postfix_expression DECR
657 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::DecrPost, $1 ) ); }
658 | '(' type_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}' // C99, compound-literal
659 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, new InitializerNode( $5, true ) ) ); }
660 | '(' type_no_function ')' '@' '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}' // CFA, explicit C compound-literal
661 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, (new InitializerNode( $6, true ))->set_maybeConstructed( false ) ) ); }
662 | '^' primary_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA
663 {
664 Token fn;
665 fn.str = new string( "^?{}" ); // location undefined
666 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $2 )->set_last( $4 ) ) );
667 }
668 ;
669
670argument_expression_list:
671 argument_expression
672 | argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
673 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
674 ;
675
676argument_expression:
677 // empty
678 { $$ = nullptr; }
679 | '@' // CFA, default parameter
680 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Default parameter for argument is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
681 // { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "2" ) ) ); }
682 | assignment_expression
683 ;
684
685field_name_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
686 field
687 | field_name_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
688 ;
689
690field: // CFA, tuple field selector
691 field_name
692 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant field
693 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_FLOATING_DECIMALconstant( *$1 ) ), maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $2 ) ) ); }
694 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant '[' field_name_list ']'
695 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_FLOATING_DECIMALconstant( *$1 ) ), build_tuple( $3 ) ) ); }
696 | field_name '.' field
697 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 ) ) ); }
698 | field_name '.' '[' field_name_list ']'
699 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
700 | field_name ARROW field
701 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 ) ) ); }
702 | field_name ARROW '[' field_name_list ']'
703 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
704 ;
705
706field_name:
707 INTEGERconstant fraction_constants_opt
708 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_constantInteger( *$1 ), $2 ) ); }
709 | FLOATINGconstant fraction_constants_opt
710 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_field_name_FLOATINGconstant( *$1 ), $2 ) ); }
711 | no_attr_identifier fraction_constants_opt
712 {
713 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_varref( $1 ), $2 ) );
714 }
715 ;
716
717fraction_constants_opt:
718 // empty
719 { $$ = nullptr; }
720 | fraction_constants_opt FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant
721 {
722 Expression * constant = build_field_name_FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant( *$2 );
723 $$ = $1 != nullptr ? new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, constant ) ) : new ExpressionNode( constant );
724 }
725 ;
726
727unary_expression:
728 postfix_expression
729 // first location where constant/string can have operator applied: sizeof 3/sizeof "abc" still requires
730 // semantics checks, e.g., ++3, 3--, *3, &&3
731 | constant
732 | string_literal
733 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
734 | EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
735 { $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
736 // '*' ('&') is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
737 // { * X; } // dereference X
738 // { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
739 | ptrref_operator cast_expression // CFA
740 {
741 switch ( $1 ) {
742 case OperKinds::AddressOf:
743 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AddressExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) );
744 break;
745 case OperKinds::PointTo:
746 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) );
747 break;
748 case OperKinds::And:
749 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AddressExpr( new AddressExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ) );
750 break;
751 default:
752 assert( false );
753 }
754 }
755 | unary_operator cast_expression
756 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) ); }
757 | ICR unary_expression
758 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Incr, $2 ) ); }
759 | DECR unary_expression
760 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Decr, $2 ) ); }
761 | SIZEOF unary_expression
762 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new SizeofExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ); }
763 | SIZEOF '(' type_no_function ')'
764 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new SizeofExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
765 | ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
766 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AlignofExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ); }
767 | ALIGNOF '(' type_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
768 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AlignofExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
769 | OFFSETOF '(' type_no_function ',' no_attr_identifier ')'
770 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_offsetOf( $3, build_varref( $5 ) ) ); }
771 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER
772 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( (ExpressionNode *)nullptr ) ) ); }
773 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
774 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
775 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type ')'
776 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
777 ;
778
779ptrref_operator:
780 '*' { $$ = OperKinds::PointTo; }
781 | '&' { $$ = OperKinds::AddressOf; }
782 // GCC, address of label must be handled by semantic check for ref,ref,label
783 | ANDAND { $$ = OperKinds::And; }
784 ;
785
786unary_operator:
787 '+' { $$ = OperKinds::UnPlus; }
788 | '-' { $$ = OperKinds::UnMinus; }
789 | '!' { $$ = OperKinds::Neg; }
790 | '~' { $$ = OperKinds::BitNeg; }
791 ;
792
793cast_expression:
794 unary_expression
795 | '(' type_no_function ')' cast_expression
796 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
797 // keyword cast cannot be grouped because of reduction in aggregate_key
798 | '(' GENERATOR '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
799 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Coroutine, $5 ) ); }
800 | '(' COROUTINE '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
801 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Coroutine, $5 ) ); }
802 | '(' THREAD '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
803 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Thread, $5 ) ); }
804 | '(' MONITOR '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
805 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Monitor, $5 ) ); }
806 // VIRTUAL cannot be opt because of look ahead issues
807 | '(' VIRTUAL ')' cast_expression // CFA
808 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new VirtualCastExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $4 ), maybeMoveBuildType( nullptr ) ) ); }
809 | '(' VIRTUAL type_no_function ')' cast_expression // CFA
810 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new VirtualCastExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $5 ), maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
811 | '(' RETURN type_no_function ')' cast_expression // CFA
812 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Return cast is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
813 | '(' COERCE type_no_function ')' cast_expression // CFA
814 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Coerce cast is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
815 | '(' qualifier_cast_list ')' cast_expression // CFA
816 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Qualifier cast is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
817// | '(' type_no_function ')' tuple
818// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
819 ;
820
821qualifier_cast_list:
822 cast_modifier type_qualifier_name
823 | cast_modifier MUTEX
824 | qualifier_cast_list cast_modifier type_qualifier_name
825 | qualifier_cast_list cast_modifier MUTEX
826 ;
827
828cast_modifier:
829 '-'
830 | '+'
831 ;
832
833exponential_expression:
834 cast_expression
835 | exponential_expression '\\' cast_expression
836 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Exp, $1, $3 ) ); }
837 ;
838
839multiplicative_expression:
840 exponential_expression
841 | multiplicative_expression '*' exponential_expression
842 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mul, $1, $3 ) ); }
843 | multiplicative_expression '/' exponential_expression
844 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Div, $1, $3 ) ); }
845 | multiplicative_expression '%' exponential_expression
846 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mod, $1, $3 ) ); }
847 ;
848
849additive_expression:
850 multiplicative_expression
851 | additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
852 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Plus, $1, $3 ) ); }
853 | additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
854 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Minus, $1, $3 ) ); }
855 ;
856
857shift_expression:
858 additive_expression
859 | shift_expression LS additive_expression
860 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
861 | shift_expression RS additive_expression
862 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::RShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
863 ;
864
865relational_expression:
866 shift_expression
867 | relational_expression '<' shift_expression
868 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
869 | relational_expression '>' shift_expression
870 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
871 | relational_expression LE shift_expression
872 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
873 | relational_expression GE shift_expression
874 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
875 ;
876
877equality_expression:
878 relational_expression
879 | equality_expression EQ relational_expression
880 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Eq, $1, $3 ) ); }
881 | equality_expression NE relational_expression
882 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Neq, $1, $3 ) ); }
883 ;
884
885AND_expression:
886 equality_expression
887 | AND_expression '&' equality_expression
888 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitAnd, $1, $3 ) ); }
889 ;
890
891exclusive_OR_expression:
892 AND_expression
893 | exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
894 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Xor, $1, $3 ) ); }
895 ;
896
897inclusive_OR_expression:
898 exclusive_OR_expression
899 | inclusive_OR_expression '|' exclusive_OR_expression
900 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitOr, $1, $3 ) ); }
901 ;
902
903logical_AND_expression:
904 inclusive_OR_expression
905 | logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
906 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, true ) ); }
907 ;
908
909logical_OR_expression:
910 logical_AND_expression
911 | logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
912 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, false ) ); }
913 ;
914
915conditional_expression:
916 logical_OR_expression
917 | logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
918 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
919 // FIX ME: computes $1 twice
920 | logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
921 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $1, $4 ) ); }
922 ;
923
924constant_expression:
925 conditional_expression
926 ;
927
928assignment_expression:
929 // CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
930 conditional_expression
931 | unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
932 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( $2, $1, $3 ) ); }
933 | unary_expression '=' '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}'
934 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Initializer assignment is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
935 ;
936
937assignment_expression_opt:
938 // empty
939 { $$ = nullptr; }
940 | assignment_expression
941 ;
942
943assignment_operator:
944 '=' { $$ = OperKinds::Assign; }
945 | ATassign { $$ = OperKinds::AtAssn; }
946 | EXPassign { $$ = OperKinds::ExpAssn; }
947 | MULTassign { $$ = OperKinds::MulAssn; }
948 | DIVassign { $$ = OperKinds::DivAssn; }
949 | MODassign { $$ = OperKinds::ModAssn; }
950 | PLUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::PlusAssn; }
951 | MINUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::MinusAssn; }
952 | LSassign { $$ = OperKinds::LSAssn; }
953 | RSassign { $$ = OperKinds::RSAssn; }
954 | ANDassign { $$ = OperKinds::AndAssn; }
955 | ERassign { $$ = OperKinds::ERAssn; }
956 | ORassign { $$ = OperKinds::OrAssn; }
957 ;
958
959tuple: // CFA, tuple
960 // CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce conflict with
961 // comma_expression in cfa_identifier_parameter_array and cfa_abstract_array
962// '[' ']'
963// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple() ); }
964// | '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
965// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( $3 ) ); }
966 '[' ',' tuple_expression_list ']'
967 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)(new ExpressionNode( nullptr ) )->set_last( $3 ) ) ); }
968 | '[' push assignment_expression pop ',' tuple_expression_list ']'
969 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $6 ) ) ); }
970 ;
971
972tuple_expression_list:
973 assignment_expression_opt
974 | tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
975 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
976 ;
977
978comma_expression:
979 assignment_expression
980 | comma_expression ',' assignment_expression
981 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new CommaExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
982 ;
983
984comma_expression_opt:
985 // empty
986 { $$ = nullptr; }
987 | comma_expression
988 ;
989
990//*************************** STATEMENTS *******************************
991
992statement:
993 labeled_statement
994 | compound_statement
995 | expression_statement
996 | selection_statement
997 | iteration_statement
998 | jump_statement
999 | with_statement
1000 | mutex_statement
1001 | waitfor_statement
1002 | exception_statement
1003 | enable_disable_statement
1004 { SemanticError( yylloc, "enable/disable statement is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1005 | asm_statement
1006 | DIRECTIVE
1007 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_directive( $1 ) ); }
1008 ;
1009
1010labeled_statement:
1011 // labels cannot be identifiers 0 or 1 or ATTR_IDENTIFIER
1012 identifier_or_type_name ':' attribute_list_opt statement
1013 { $$ = $4->add_label( $1, $3 ); }
1014 ;
1015
1016compound_statement:
1017 '{' '}'
1018 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)0 ) ); }
1019 | '{' push
1020 local_label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
1021 statement_decl_list // C99, intermix declarations and statements
1022 pop '}'
1023 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( $4 ) ); }
1024 ;
1025
1026statement_decl_list: // C99
1027 statement_decl
1028 | statement_decl_list statement_decl
1029 { assert( $1 ); $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; }
1030 ;
1031
1032statement_decl:
1033 declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
1034 { $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
1035 | EXTENSION declaration // GCC
1036 { distExt( $2 ); $$ = new StatementNode( $2 ); }
1037 | function_definition
1038 { $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
1039 | EXTENSION function_definition // GCC
1040 { distExt( $2 ); $$ = new StatementNode( $2 ); }
1041 | statement
1042 ;
1043
1044statement_list_nodecl:
1045 statement
1046 | statement_list_nodecl statement
1047 { assert( $1 ); $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; }
1048 ;
1049
1050expression_statement:
1051 comma_expression_opt ';'
1052 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( $1 ) ); }
1053 ;
1054
1055selection_statement:
1056 // pop causes a S/R conflict without separating the IF statement into a non-terminal even after resolving
1057 // the inherent S/R conflict with THEN/ELSE.
1058 push if_statement pop
1059 { $$ = $2; }
1060 | SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause
1061 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( true, $3, $5 ) ); }
1062 | SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt pop '}' // CFA
1063 {
1064 StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( true, $3, $8 ) );
1065 // The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include associated initialization, which is performed
1066 // *before* the transfer to the appropriate case clause by hoisting the declarations into a compound
1067 // statement around the switch. Statements after the initial declaration list can never be executed, and
1068 // therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C allows it. The change also applies to choose
1069 // statement.
1070 $$ = $7 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
1071 }
1072 | CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
1073 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( false, $3, $5 ) ); }
1074 | CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt pop '}' // CFA
1075 {
1076 StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( false, $3, $8 ) );
1077 $$ = $7 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
1078 }
1079 ;
1080
1081if_statement:
1082 IF '(' if_control_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
1083 // explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
1084 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, nullptr ) ); }
1085 | IF '(' if_control_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
1086 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, $7 ) ); }
1087 ;
1088
1089if_control_expression:
1090 comma_expression
1091 { $$ = new IfCtrl( nullptr, $1 ); }
1092 | c_declaration // no semi-colon
1093 { $$ = new IfCtrl( $1, nullptr ); }
1094 | cfa_declaration // no semi-colon
1095 { $$ = new IfCtrl( $1, nullptr ); }
1096 | declaration comma_expression // semi-colon separated
1097 { $$ = new IfCtrl( $1, $2 ); }
1098 ;
1099
1100// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a case
1101// clause allows a list of values and subranges.
1102
1103case_value: // CFA
1104 constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
1105 | constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
1106 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
1107 | subrange // CFA, subrange
1108 ;
1109
1110case_value_list: // CFA
1111 case_value { $$ = new StatementNode( build_case( $1 ) ); }
1112 // convert case list, e.g., "case 1, 3, 5:" into "case 1: case 3: case 5"
1113 | case_value_list ',' case_value { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_case( $3 ) ) ) ); }
1114 ;
1115
1116case_label: // CFA
1117 CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = $2; }
1118 | DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( build_default() ); }
1119 // A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
1120 ;
1121
1122//label_list_opt:
1123// // empty
1124// | identifier_or_type_name ':'
1125// | label_list_opt identifier_or_type_name ':'
1126// ;
1127
1128case_label_list: // CFA
1129 case_label
1130 | case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 )); }
1131 ;
1132
1133case_clause: // CFA
1134 case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
1135 ;
1136
1137switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
1138 // empty
1139 { $$ = nullptr; }
1140 | switch_clause_list
1141 ;
1142
1143switch_clause_list: // CFA
1144 case_label_list statement_list_nodecl
1145 { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
1146 | switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list_nodecl
1147 { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
1148 ;
1149
1150iteration_statement:
1151 WHILE '(' push if_control_expression ')' statement pop
1152 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $4, $6 ) ); }
1153 | WHILE '(' ')' statement // CFA => while ( 1 )
1154 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( new IfCtrl( nullptr, new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ) ), $4 ) ); }
1155 | DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
1156 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_do_while( $5, $2 ) ); }
1157 | DO statement WHILE '(' ')' ';' // CFA => do while( 1 )
1158 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_do_while( new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ), $2 ) ); }
1159 | FOR '(' push for_control_expression_list ')' statement pop
1160 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_for( $4, $6 ) ); }
1161 | FOR '(' ')' statement // CFA => for ( ;; )
1162 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_for( new ForCtrl( (ExpressionNode * )nullptr, (ExpressionNode * )nullptr, (ExpressionNode * )nullptr ), $4 ) ); }
1163 ;
1164
1165for_control_expression_list:
1166 for_control_expression
1167 | for_control_expression_list ':' for_control_expression
1168 // ForCtrl + ForCtrl:
1169 // init + init => multiple declaration statements that are hoisted
1170 // condition + condition => (expression) && (expression)
1171 // change + change => (expression), (expression)
1172 {
1173 $1->init->set_last( $3->init );
1174 if ( $1->condition ) {
1175 if ( $3->condition ) {
1176 $1->condition->expr.reset( new LogicalExpr( $1->condition->expr.release(), $3->condition->expr.release(), true ) );
1177 } // if
1178 } else $1->condition = $3->condition;
1179 if ( $1->change ) {
1180 if ( $3->change ) {
1181 $1->change->expr.reset( new CommaExpr( $1->change->expr.release(), $3->change->expr.release() ) );
1182 } // if
1183 } else $1->change = $3->change;
1184 $$ = $1;
1185 }
1186 ;
1187
1188for_control_expression:
1189 ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
1190 { $$ = new ForCtrl( (ExpressionNode * )nullptr, $2, $4 ); }
1191 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
1192 { $$ = new ForCtrl( $1, $3, $5 ); }
1193 | declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99, declaration has ';'
1194 { $$ = new ForCtrl( $1, $2, $4 ); }
1195
1196 | comma_expression // CFA
1197 { $$ = forCtrl( $1, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "0" ) ) ),
1198 OperKinds::LThan, $1->clone(), new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ) ); }
1199 | comma_expression inclexcl comma_expression // CFA
1200 { $$ = forCtrl( $1, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), $1->clone(), $2, $3, new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ) ); }
1201 | comma_expression inclexcl comma_expression '~' comma_expression // CFA
1202 { $$ = forCtrl( $1, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), $1->clone(), $2, $3, $5 ); }
1203 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression // CFA
1204 { $$ = forCtrl( $3, $1, new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "0" ) ) ),
1205 OperKinds::LThan, $3->clone(), new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ) ); }
1206 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression inclexcl comma_expression // CFA
1207 { $$ = forCtrl( $3, $1, $3->clone(), $4, $5, new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ) ); }
1208 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression inclexcl comma_expression '~' comma_expression // CFA
1209 { $$ = forCtrl( $3, $1, $3->clone(), $4, $5, $7 ); }
1210
1211 // There is a S/R conflicit if ~ and -~ are factored out.
1212 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression '~' '@' // CFA
1213 { $$ = forCtrl( $3, $1, $3->clone(), OperKinds::LThan, nullptr, new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ) ); }
1214 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression ErangeDown '@' // CFA
1215 { $$ = forCtrl( $3, $1, $3->clone(), OperKinds::GThan, nullptr, new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ) ); }
1216 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression '~' '@' '~' comma_expression // CFA
1217 { $$ = forCtrl( $3, $1, $3->clone(), OperKinds::LThan, nullptr, $7 ); }
1218 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression ErangeDown '@' '~' comma_expression // CFA
1219 { $$ = forCtrl( $3, $1, $3->clone(), OperKinds::GThan, nullptr, $7 ); }
1220 | comma_expression ';' comma_expression '~' '@' '~' '@' // CFA
1221 { $$ = forCtrl( $3, $1, $3->clone(), OperKinds::LThan, nullptr, nullptr ); }
1222 ;
1223
1224inclexcl:
1225 '~'
1226 { $$ = OperKinds::LThan; }
1227 | ErangeUpEq
1228 { $$ = OperKinds::LEThan; }
1229 | ErangeDown
1230 { $$ = OperKinds::GThan; }
1231 | ErangeDownEq
1232 { $$ = OperKinds::GEThan; }
1233 ;
1234
1235jump_statement:
1236 GOTO identifier_or_type_name ';'
1237 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Goto ) ); }
1238 | GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
1239 // The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto *i+3; => goto *(i+3);
1240 // whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (*i)+3;
1241 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_computedgoto( $3 ) ); }
1242 // A semantic check is required to ensure fallthru appears only in the body of a choose statement.
1243 | fall_through_name ';' // CFA
1244 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::FallThrough ) ); }
1245 | fall_through_name identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA
1246 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::FallThrough ) ); }
1247 | fall_through_name DEFAULT ';' // CFA
1248 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::FallThroughDefault ) ); }
1249 | CONTINUE ';'
1250 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
1251 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
1252 | CONTINUE identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
1253 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
1254 // the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
1255 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
1256 | BREAK ';'
1257 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
1258 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
1259 | BREAK identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
1260 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
1261 // the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
1262 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
1263 | RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
1264 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_return( $2 ) ); }
1265 | RETURN '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}'
1266 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Initializer return is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1267 | THROW assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles rethrow
1268 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
1269 | THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles reresume
1270 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_resume( $2 ) ); }
1271 | THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt AT assignment_expression ';' // handles reresume
1272 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_resume_at( $2, $4 ) ); }
1273 ;
1274
1275fall_through_name: // CFA
1276 FALLTHRU
1277 | FALLTHROUGH
1278 ;
1279
1280with_statement:
1281 WITH '(' tuple_expression_list ')' statement
1282 {
1283 $$ = new StatementNode( build_with( $3, $5 ) );
1284 }
1285 ;
1286
1287// If MUTEX becomes a general qualifier, there are shift/reduce conflicts, so change syntax to "with mutex".
1288mutex_statement:
1289 MUTEX '(' argument_expression_list ')' statement
1290 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Mutex statement is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1291 ;
1292
1293when_clause:
1294 WHEN '(' comma_expression ')' { $$ = $3; }
1295 ;
1296
1297when_clause_opt:
1298 // empty
1299 { $$ = nullptr; }
1300 | when_clause
1301 ;
1302
1303waitfor:
1304 WAITFOR '(' cast_expression ')'
1305 { $$ = $3; }
1306 | WAITFOR '(' cast_expression ',' argument_expression_list ')'
1307 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $5 ); }
1308 ;
1309
1310timeout:
1311 TIMEOUT '(' comma_expression ')' { $$ = $3; }
1312 ;
1313
1314waitfor_clause:
1315 when_clause_opt waitfor statement %prec THEN
1316 { $$ = build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1 ); }
1317 | when_clause_opt waitfor statement WOR waitfor_clause
1318 { $$ = build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1, $5 ); }
1319 | when_clause_opt timeout statement %prec THEN
1320 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( $2, $3, $1 ); }
1321 | when_clause_opt ELSE statement
1322 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( nullptr, $3, $1 ); }
1323 // "else" must be conditional after timeout or timeout is never triggered (i.e., it is meaningless)
1324 | when_clause_opt timeout statement WOR ELSE statement
1325 { SemanticError( yylloc, "else clause must be conditional after timeout or timeout never triggered." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1326 | when_clause_opt timeout statement WOR when_clause ELSE statement
1327 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( $2, $3, $1, $7, $5 ); }
1328 ;
1329
1330waitfor_statement:
1331 when_clause_opt waitfor statement %prec THEN
1332 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1 ) ); }
1333 | when_clause_opt waitfor statement WOR waitfor_clause
1334 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1, $5 ) ); }
1335 ;
1336
1337exception_statement:
1338 TRY compound_statement handler_clause
1339 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, 0 ) ); }
1340 | TRY compound_statement finally_clause
1341 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, 0, $3 ) ); }
1342 | TRY compound_statement handler_clause finally_clause
1343 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, $4 ) ); }
1344 ;
1345
1346handler_clause:
1347 handler_key '(' push exception_declaration pop handler_predicate_opt ')' compound_statement
1348 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $1, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
1349 | handler_clause handler_key '(' push exception_declaration pop handler_predicate_opt ')' compound_statement
1350 { $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $2, $5, $7, $9 ) ) ); }
1351 ;
1352
1353handler_predicate_opt:
1354 // empty
1355 { $$ = nullptr; }
1356 | ';' conditional_expression { $$ = $2; }
1357 ;
1358
1359handler_key:
1360 CATCH { $$ = CatchStmt::Terminate; }
1361 | CATCHRESUME { $$ = CatchStmt::Resume; }
1362 ;
1363
1364finally_clause:
1365 FINALLY compound_statement { $$ = new StatementNode( build_finally( $2 ) ); }
1366 ;
1367
1368exception_declaration:
1369 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
1370 type_specifier_nobody
1371 | type_specifier_nobody declarator
1372 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1373 | type_specifier_nobody variable_abstract_declarator
1374 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1375 | cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
1376 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1377 | cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
1378 ;
1379
1380enable_disable_statement:
1381 enable_disable_key identifier_list compound_statement
1382 ;
1383
1384enable_disable_key:
1385 ENABLE
1386 | DISABLE
1387 ;
1388
1389asm_statement:
1390 ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ')' ';'
1391 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $4, 0 ) ); }
1392 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
1393 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
1394 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
1395 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
1396 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ')' ';'
1397 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $4, $6, $8, $10 ) ); }
1398 | ASM asm_volatile_opt GOTO '(' string_literal ':' ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ':' label_list ')' ';'
1399 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $5, 0, $8, $10, $12 ) ); }
1400 ;
1401
1402asm_volatile_opt: // GCC
1403 // empty
1404 { $$ = false; }
1405 | VOLATILE
1406 { $$ = true; }
1407 ;
1408
1409asm_operands_opt: // GCC
1410 // empty
1411 { $$ = nullptr; } // use default argument
1412 | asm_operands_list
1413 ;
1414
1415asm_operands_list: // GCC
1416 asm_operand
1417 | asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
1418 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
1419 ;
1420
1421asm_operand: // GCC
1422 string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
1423 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AsmExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( (ExpressionNode *)nullptr ), $1, maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
1424 | '[' constant_expression ']' string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
1425 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AsmExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ), $4, maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $6 ) ) ); }
1426 ;
1427
1428asm_clobbers_list_opt: // GCC
1429 // empty
1430 { $$ = nullptr; } // use default argument
1431 | string_literal
1432 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
1433 | asm_clobbers_list_opt ',' string_literal
1434 // set_last returns ParseNode *
1435 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( $3 ) ); }
1436 ;
1437
1438label_list:
1439 no_attr_identifier
1440 {
1441 $$ = new LabelNode(); $$->labels.push_back( *$1 );
1442 delete $1; // allocated by lexer
1443 }
1444 | label_list ',' no_attr_identifier
1445 {
1446 $$ = $1; $1->labels.push_back( *$3 );
1447 delete $3; // allocated by lexer
1448 }
1449 ;
1450
1451//******************************* DECLARATIONS *********************************
1452
1453declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
1454 // empty
1455 { $$ = nullptr; }
1456 | declaration_list
1457 ;
1458
1459declaration_list:
1460 declaration
1461 | declaration_list declaration
1462 { $$ = $1->appendList( $2 ); }
1463 ;
1464
1465KR_parameter_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
1466 // empty
1467 { $$ = nullptr; }
1468 | KR_parameter_list
1469 ;
1470
1471KR_parameter_list:
1472 push c_declaration pop ';'
1473 { $$ = $2; }
1474 | KR_parameter_list push c_declaration pop ';'
1475 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1476 ;
1477
1478local_label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
1479 // empty
1480 | local_label_declaration_list
1481 ;
1482
1483local_label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
1484 LABEL local_label_list ';'
1485 | local_label_declaration_list LABEL local_label_list ';'
1486 ;
1487
1488local_label_list: // GCC, local label
1489 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1490 | local_label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1491 ;
1492
1493declaration: // old & new style declarations
1494 c_declaration ';'
1495 | cfa_declaration ';' // CFA
1496 | static_assert // C11
1497 ;
1498
1499static_assert:
1500 STATICASSERT '(' constant_expression ',' string_literal ')' ';' // C11
1501 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStaticAssert( $3, $5 ); }
1502 | STATICASSERT '(' constant_expression ')' ';' // CFA
1503 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStaticAssert( $3, build_constantStr( *new string( "\"\"" ) ) ); }
1504
1505// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and function
1506// declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places declaration modifiers to
1507// the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of the base type. CFA declaration
1508// modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type specification is distributed across all variables in
1509// the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program
1510// block, but cannot be mixed within a specific declaration.
1511//
1512// CFA C
1513// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
1514// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
1515
1516cfa_declaration: // CFA
1517 cfa_variable_declaration
1518 | cfa_typedef_declaration
1519 | cfa_function_declaration
1520 | type_declaring_list
1521 | trait_specifier
1522 ;
1523
1524cfa_variable_declaration: // CFA
1525 cfa_variable_specifier initializer_opt
1526 { $$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 ); }
1527 | declaration_qualifier_list cfa_variable_specifier initializer_opt
1528 // declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude
1529 // them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
1530 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ); }
1531 | cfa_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name initializer_opt
1532 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) ); }
1533 ;
1534
1535cfa_variable_specifier: // CFA
1536 // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1537 // storage-class
1538 cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1539 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 )->addAsmName( $3 ); }
1540 | cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1541 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 )->addAsmName( $3 ); }
1542 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1543 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 )->addAsmName( $4 ); }
1544 ;
1545
1546cfa_function_declaration: // CFA
1547 cfa_function_specifier
1548 | type_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1549 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1550 | declaration_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1551 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1552 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1553 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1554 | cfa_function_declaration ',' identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1555 {
1556 // Append the return type at the start (left-hand-side) to each identifier in the list.
1557 DeclarationNode * ret = new DeclarationNode;
1558 ret->type = maybeClone( $1->type->base );
1559 $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, ret, $6, nullptr ) );
1560 }
1561 ;
1562
1563cfa_function_specifier: // CFA
1564// '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')' // S/R conflict
1565// {
1566// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0, true );
1567// }
1568// '[' ']' identifier '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1569// {
1570// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
1571// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1572// }
1573// | '[' ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1574// {
1575// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
1576// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1577// }
1578// | '[' ']' typegen_name
1579 // identifier_or_type_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
1580 //
1581 // '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt ')'
1582 // '[' ']' type_specifier
1583 //
1584 // type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g., typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this must be
1585 // flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce identifier_or_type_name.
1586 cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1587 // To obtain LR(1 ), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
1588 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0 ); }
1589 | cfa_function_return identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1590 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0 ); }
1591 ;
1592
1593cfa_function_return: // CFA
1594 '[' push cfa_parameter_list pop ']'
1595 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
1596 | '[' push cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
1597 // To obtain LR(1 ), the last cfa_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to lookahead to the ']'.
1598 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
1599 ;
1600
1601cfa_typedef_declaration: // CFA
1602 TYPEDEF cfa_variable_specifier
1603 {
1604 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2->name, TYPEDEFname, "1" );
1605 $$ = $2->addTypedef();
1606 }
1607 | TYPEDEF cfa_function_specifier
1608 {
1609 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2->name, TYPEDEFname, "2" );
1610 $$ = $2->addTypedef();
1611 }
1612 | cfa_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
1613 {
1614 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TYPEDEFname, "3" );
1615 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1616 }
1617 ;
1618
1619// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is factored out as
1620// a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and initialization.
1621
1622typedef_declaration:
1623 TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
1624 {
1625 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$3->name, TYPEDEFname, "4" );
1626 $$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
1627 }
1628 | typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
1629 {
1630 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5->name, TYPEDEFname, "5" );
1631 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
1632 }
1633 | type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
1634 {
1635 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$4->name, TYPEDEFname, "6" );
1636 $$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
1637 }
1638 | type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
1639 {
1640 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$3->name, TYPEDEFname, "7" );
1641 $$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
1642 }
1643 | type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
1644 {
1645 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$4->name, TYPEDEFname, "8" );
1646 $$ = $4->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef()->addType( $1 );
1647 }
1648 ;
1649
1650typedef_expression:
1651 // GCC, naming expression type: typedef name = exp; gives a name to the type of an expression
1652 TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1653 {
1654 // $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // unimplemented
1655 SemanticError( yylloc, "Typedef expression is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr;
1656 }
1657 | typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1658 {
1659 // $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // unimplemented
1660 SemanticError( yylloc, "Typedef expression is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr;
1661 }
1662 ;
1663
1664//c_declaration:
1665// declaring_list pop ';'
1666// | typedef_declaration pop ';'
1667// | typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
1668// | sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
1669// ;
1670//
1671//declaring_list:
1672// // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1673// // storage-class
1674// declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1675// {
1676// typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( IDENTIFIER );
1677// $$ = ( $2->addType( $1 ))->addAsmName( $3 )->addInitializer( $4 );
1678// }
1679// | declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1680// {
1681// typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( IDENTIFIER );
1682// $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addAsmName( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) ) );
1683// }
1684// ;
1685
1686c_declaration:
1687 declaration_specifier declaring_list
1688 { $$ = distAttr( $1, $2 ); }
1689 | typedef_declaration
1690 | typedef_expression // GCC, naming expression type
1691 | sue_declaration_specifier
1692 ;
1693
1694declaring_list:
1695 // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1696 // storage-class
1697 declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1698 { $$ = $1->addAsmName( $2 )->addInitializer( $3 ); }
1699 | declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1700 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4->addQualifiers( $3 )->addAsmName( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) ); }
1701 ;
1702
1703declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
1704 basic_declaration_specifier
1705 | sue_declaration_specifier
1706 | type_declaration_specifier
1707 ;
1708
1709declaration_specifier_nobody: // type specifier + storage class - {...}
1710 // Preclude SUE declarations in restricted scopes:
1711 //
1712 // int f( struct S { int i; } s1, Struct S s2 ) { struct S s3; ... }
1713 //
1714 // because it is impossible to call f due to name equivalence.
1715 basic_declaration_specifier
1716 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody
1717 | type_declaration_specifier
1718 ;
1719
1720type_specifier: // type specifier
1721 basic_type_specifier
1722 | sue_type_specifier
1723 | type_type_specifier
1724 ;
1725
1726type_specifier_nobody: // type specifier - {...}
1727 // Preclude SUE declarations in restricted scopes:
1728 //
1729 // int f( struct S { int i; } s1, Struct S s2 ) { struct S s3; ... }
1730 //
1731 // because it is impossible to call f due to name equivalence.
1732 basic_type_specifier
1733 | sue_type_specifier_nobody
1734 | type_type_specifier
1735 ;
1736
1737type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
1738 // empty
1739 { $$ = nullptr; }
1740 | type_qualifier_list
1741 ;
1742
1743type_qualifier_list:
1744 // A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of declaration.
1745 //
1746 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4 ) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
1747 // specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as if it
1748 // appeared only once.
1749 type_qualifier
1750 | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
1751 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1752 ;
1753
1754type_qualifier:
1755 type_qualifier_name
1756 | attribute
1757 ;
1758
1759type_qualifier_name:
1760 CONST
1761 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Const ); }
1762 | RESTRICT
1763 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Restrict ); }
1764 | VOLATILE
1765 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Volatile ); }
1766 | ATOMIC
1767 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Atomic ); }
1768 | forall
1769 ;
1770
1771forall:
1772 FORALL '(' type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
1773 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $3 ); }
1774 ;
1775
1776declaration_qualifier_list:
1777 storage_class_list
1778 | type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
1779 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1780 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
1781 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1782 ;
1783
1784storage_class_list:
1785 // A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration and that
1786 // only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
1787 //
1788 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the declaration
1789 // specifiers in a declaration.
1790 storage_class
1791 | storage_class_list storage_class
1792 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1793 ;
1794
1795storage_class:
1796 EXTERN
1797 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Extern ); }
1798 | STATIC
1799 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Static ); }
1800 | AUTO
1801 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Auto ); }
1802 | REGISTER
1803 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Register ); }
1804 | THREADLOCAL // C11
1805 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Threadlocal ); }
1806 // Put function specifiers here to simplify parsing rules, but separate them semantically.
1807 | INLINE // C99
1808 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Inline ); }
1809 | FORTRAN // C99
1810 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Fortran ); }
1811 | NORETURN // C11
1812 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Noreturn ); }
1813 ;
1814
1815basic_type_name:
1816 VOID
1817 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
1818 | BOOL // C99
1819 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
1820 | CHAR
1821 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
1822 | INT
1823 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
1824 | INT128
1825 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int128 ); }
1826 | FLOAT
1827 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
1828 | DOUBLE
1829 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
1830 | uuFLOAT80
1831 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::uuFloat80 ); }
1832 | uuFLOAT128
1833 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::uuFloat128 ); }
1834 | uFLOAT16
1835 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::uFloat16 ); }
1836 | uFLOAT32
1837 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::uFloat32 ); }
1838 | uFLOAT32X
1839 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::uFloat32x ); }
1840 | uFLOAT64
1841 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::uFloat64 ); }
1842 | uFLOAT64X
1843 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::uFloat64x ); }
1844 | uFLOAT128
1845 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::uFloat128 ); }
1846 | COMPLEX // C99
1847 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
1848 | IMAGINARY // C99
1849 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
1850 | SIGNED
1851 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
1852 | UNSIGNED
1853 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
1854 | SHORT
1855 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
1856 | LONG
1857 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
1858 | VALIST // GCC, __builtin_va_list
1859 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Valist ); }
1860 ;
1861
1862basic_declaration_specifier:
1863 // A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
1864 basic_type_specifier
1865 | declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
1866 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1867 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1868 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1869 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1870 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1871 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
1872 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
1873 ;
1874
1875basic_type_specifier:
1876 direct_type
1877 // Cannot have type modifiers, e.g., short, long, etc.
1878 | type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type type_qualifier_list_opt
1879 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1880 ;
1881
1882direct_type:
1883 basic_type_name
1884 | type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
1885 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1886 | direct_type type_qualifier
1887 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1888 | direct_type basic_type_name
1889 { $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
1890 ;
1891
1892indirect_type:
1893 TYPEOF '(' type ')' // GCC: typeof( x ) y;
1894 { $$ = $3; }
1895 | TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof( a+b ) y;
1896 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
1897 | BASETYPEOF '(' type ')' // CFA: basetypeof( x ) y;
1898 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( new ExpressionNode( new TypeExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ), true ); }
1899 | BASETYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: basetypeof( a+b ) y;
1900 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3, true ); }
1901 | ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type ')' // CFA: e.g., @type( x ) y;
1902 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1903 | ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type( a+b ) y;
1904 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1905 | ZERO_T // CFA
1906 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Zero ); }
1907 | ONE_T // CFA
1908 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::One ); }
1909 ;
1910
1911sue_declaration_specifier: // struct, union, enum + storage class + type specifier
1912 sue_type_specifier
1913 | declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
1914 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1915 | sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1916 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1917 | sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1918 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1919 ;
1920
1921sue_type_specifier: // struct, union, enum + type specifier
1922 elaborated_type
1923 | type_qualifier_list
1924 { if ( $1->type != nullptr && $1->type->forall ) forall = true; } // remember generic type
1925 elaborated_type
1926 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1927 | sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
1928 {
1929 if ( $2->type != nullptr && $2->type->forall ) forall = true; // remember generic type
1930 $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 );
1931 }
1932 ;
1933
1934sue_declaration_specifier_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...} + storage class + type specifier
1935 sue_type_specifier_nobody
1936 | declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier_nobody
1937 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1938 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1939 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1940 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody storage_class type_qualifier_list
1941 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1942 ;
1943
1944sue_type_specifier_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...} + type specifier
1945 elaborated_type_nobody
1946 | type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_nobody
1947 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1948 | sue_type_specifier_nobody type_qualifier
1949 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1950 ;
1951
1952type_declaration_specifier:
1953 type_type_specifier
1954 | declaration_qualifier_list type_type_specifier
1955 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1956 | type_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1957 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1958 | type_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1959 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1960 ;
1961
1962type_type_specifier: // typedef types
1963 type_name
1964 | type_qualifier_list type_name
1965 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1966 | type_type_specifier type_qualifier
1967 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1968 ;
1969
1970type_name:
1971 TYPEDEFname
1972 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
1973 | '.' TYPEDEFname
1974 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifiedType( DeclarationNode::newFromGlobalScope(), DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 ) ); }
1975 | type_name '.' TYPEDEFname
1976 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifiedType( $1, DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $3 ) ); }
1977 | typegen_name
1978 | '.' typegen_name
1979 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifiedType( DeclarationNode::newFromGlobalScope(), $2 ); }
1980 | type_name '.' typegen_name
1981 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifiedType( $1, $3 ); }
1982 ;
1983
1984typegen_name: // CFA
1985 TYPEGENname
1986 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, nullptr ); }
1987 | TYPEGENname '(' ')'
1988 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, nullptr ); }
1989 | TYPEGENname '(' type_list ')'
1990 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
1991 ;
1992
1993elaborated_type: // struct, union, enum
1994 aggregate_type
1995 | enum_type
1996 ;
1997
1998elaborated_type_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...}
1999 aggregate_type_nobody
2000 | enum_type_nobody
2001 ;
2002
2003fred:
2004 // empty
2005 { yyy = false; }
2006 ;
2007
2008aggregate_type: // struct, union
2009 aggregate_key attribute_list_opt
2010 { forall = false; } // reset
2011 '{' field_declaration_list_opt '}' type_parameters_opt
2012 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, nullptr, $7, $5, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2013 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier fred
2014 {
2015 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3, forall || typedefTable.getEnclForall() ? TYPEGENname : TYPEDEFname ); // create typedef
2016 forall = false; // reset
2017 }
2018 '{' field_declaration_list_opt '}' type_parameters_opt
2019 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3, $9, $7, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2020 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt type_name fred
2021 {
2022 // for type_name can be a qualified type name S.T, in which case only the last name in the chain needs a typedef (other names in the chain should already have one)
2023 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3->type->leafName(), forall || typedefTable.getEnclForall() ? TYPEGENname : TYPEDEFname ); // create typedef
2024 forall = false; // reset
2025 }
2026 '{' field_declaration_list_opt '}' type_parameters_opt
2027 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3->type->symbolic.name, $9, $7, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2028 | aggregate_type_nobody
2029 ;
2030
2031type_parameters_opt:
2032 // empty
2033 { $$ = nullptr; } %prec '}'
2034 | '(' type_list ')'
2035 { $$ = $2; }
2036 ;
2037
2038aggregate_type_nobody: // struct, union - {...}
2039 aggregate_key attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier fred
2040 {
2041 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3, forall || typedefTable.getEnclForall() ? TYPEGENname : TYPEDEFname );
2042 forall = false; // reset
2043 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3, nullptr, nullptr, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
2044 }
2045 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt type_name fred
2046 {
2047 forall = false; // reset
2048 // Create new generic declaration with same name as previous forward declaration, where the IDENTIFIER is
2049 // switched to a TYPEGENname. Link any generic arguments from typegen_name to new generic declaration and
2050 // delete newFromTypeGen.
2051 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3->type->symbolic.name, $3->type->symbolic.actuals, nullptr, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
2052 $3->type->symbolic.name = nullptr;
2053 $3->type->symbolic.actuals = nullptr;
2054 delete $3;
2055 }
2056 ;
2057
2058aggregate_key:
2059 STRUCT
2060 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
2061 | UNION
2062 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
2063 | EXCEPTION
2064 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Exception; }
2065 | GENERATOR
2066 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Coroutine; }
2067 | COROUTINE
2068 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Coroutine; }
2069 | MONITOR
2070 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Monitor; }
2071 | THREAD
2072 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Thread; }
2073 ;
2074
2075field_declaration_list_opt:
2076 // empty
2077 { $$ = nullptr; }
2078 | field_declaration_list_opt field_declaration
2079 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
2080 ;
2081
2082field_declaration:
2083 type_specifier field_declaring_list_opt ';'
2084 { $$ = fieldDecl( $1, $2 ); }
2085 | EXTENSION type_specifier field_declaring_list_opt ';' // GCC
2086 { $$ = fieldDecl( $2, $3 ); distExt( $$ ); }
2087 | INLINE type_specifier field_abstract_list_opt ';' // CFA
2088 {
2089 if ( ! $3 ) { // field declarator ?
2090 $3 = DeclarationNode::newName( nullptr );
2091 } // if
2092 $3->inLine = true;
2093 $$ = distAttr( $2, $3 ); // mark all fields in list
2094 distInl( $3 );
2095 }
2096 | typedef_declaration ';' // CFA
2097 | cfa_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
2098 | EXTENSION cfa_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
2099 { distExt( $2 ); $$ = $2; } // mark all fields in list
2100 | INLINE cfa_field_abstract_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
2101 { $$ = $2; } // mark all fields in list
2102 | cfa_typedef_declaration ';' // CFA
2103 | static_assert // C11
2104 ;
2105
2106field_declaring_list_opt:
2107 // empty
2108 { $$ = nullptr; }
2109 | field_declarator
2110 | field_declaring_list_opt ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
2111 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4->addQualifiers( $3 ) ); }
2112 ;
2113
2114field_declarator:
2115 bit_subrange_size // C special case, no field name
2116 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
2117 | variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
2118 // A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on integral types.
2119 { $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
2120 | variable_type_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
2121 // A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on integral types.
2122 { $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
2123 ;
2124
2125field_abstract_list_opt:
2126 // empty
2127 { $$ = nullptr; }
2128 | field_abstract
2129 | field_abstract_list_opt ',' attribute_list_opt field_abstract
2130 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4->addQualifiers( $3 ) ); }
2131 ;
2132
2133field_abstract:
2134 // no bit fields
2135 variable_abstract_declarator
2136 ;
2137
2138cfa_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
2139 // bit-fields are handled by C declarations
2140 cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2141 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
2142 | cfa_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2143 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
2144 ;
2145
2146cfa_field_abstract_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
2147 // bit-fields are handled by C declarations
2148 cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
2149 | cfa_field_abstract_list ','
2150 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
2151 ;
2152
2153bit_subrange_size_opt:
2154 // empty
2155 { $$ = nullptr; }
2156 | bit_subrange_size
2157 ;
2158
2159bit_subrange_size:
2160 ':' constant_expression
2161 { $$ = $2; }
2162 ;
2163
2164enum_type: // enum
2165 ENUM attribute_list_opt '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
2166 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( nullptr, $4, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2167 | ENUM attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier
2168 { typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 ); }
2169 '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
2170 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3, $6, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2171 | ENUM attribute_list_opt type_name
2172 '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
2173 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3->type->symbolic.name, $5, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2174 | enum_type_nobody
2175 ;
2176
2177enum_type_nobody: // enum - {...}
2178 ENUM attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier
2179 {
2180 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 );
2181 $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3, 0, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
2182 }
2183 | ENUM attribute_list_opt type_name
2184 {
2185 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3->type->symbolic.name );
2186 $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3->type->symbolic.name, 0, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
2187 }
2188 ;
2189
2190enumerator_list:
2191 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
2192 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
2193 | enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
2194 { $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
2195 ;
2196
2197enumerator_value_opt:
2198 // empty
2199 { $$ = nullptr; }
2200 | '=' constant_expression
2201 { $$ = $2; }
2202 ;
2203
2204cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt: // CFA, abstract + real
2205 // empty
2206 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
2207 | ELLIPSIS
2208 { $$ = nullptr; }
2209 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list
2210 | cfa_parameter_list
2211 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list
2212 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2213 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2214 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2215 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2216 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2217 ;
2218
2219cfa_parameter_list: // CFA
2220 // To obtain LR(1) between cfa_parameter_list and cfa_abstract_tuple, the last cfa_abstract_parameter_list is
2221 // factored out from cfa_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get lookahead to the ']'.
2222 cfa_parameter_declaration
2223 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2224 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2225 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2226 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2227 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2228 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
2229 ;
2230
2231cfa_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
2232 cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration
2233 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration
2234 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2235 ;
2236
2237parameter_type_list_opt:
2238 // empty
2239 { $$ = nullptr; }
2240 | ELLIPSIS
2241 { $$ = nullptr; }
2242 | parameter_list
2243 | parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2244 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2245 ;
2246
2247parameter_list: // abstract + real
2248 abstract_parameter_declaration
2249 | parameter_declaration
2250 | parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
2251 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2252 | parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
2253 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2254 ;
2255
2256// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different semantics
2257// for typedef name by using type_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and function prototypes.
2258
2259cfa_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
2260 parameter_declaration
2261 | cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2262 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
2263 | cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2264 // To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
2265 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
2266 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2267 { $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2268 | cfa_function_specifier
2269 ;
2270
2271cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
2272 abstract_parameter_declaration
2273 | cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
2274 | cfa_abstract_tuple
2275 // To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
2276 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
2277 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2278 | cfa_abstract_function
2279 ;
2280
2281parameter_declaration:
2282 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
2283 declaration_specifier_nobody identifier_parameter_declarator default_initialize_opt
2284 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr ); }
2285 | declaration_specifier_nobody type_parameter_redeclarator default_initialize_opt
2286 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr ); }
2287 ;
2288
2289abstract_parameter_declaration:
2290 declaration_specifier_nobody default_initialize_opt
2291 { $$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 ? new InitializerNode( $2 ) : nullptr ); }
2292 | declaration_specifier_nobody abstract_parameter_declarator default_initialize_opt
2293 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr ); }
2294 ;
2295
2296// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
2297// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is based only on
2298// identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
2299
2300identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
2301 no_attr_identifier
2302 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
2303 | identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
2304 { $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
2305 ;
2306
2307identifier_or_type_name:
2308 identifier
2309 | TYPEDEFname
2310 | TYPEGENname
2311 ;
2312
2313no_attr_identifier_or_type_name:
2314 no_attr_identifier
2315 | TYPEDEFname
2316 | TYPEGENname
2317 ;
2318
2319type_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
2320 cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
2321 | type_specifier
2322 | type_specifier abstract_declarator
2323 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
2324 ;
2325
2326type: // typeof, assertion
2327 type_no_function
2328 | cfa_abstract_function // CFA
2329 ;
2330
2331initializer_opt:
2332 // empty
2333 { $$ = nullptr; }
2334 | '=' initializer
2335 { $$ = $2; }
2336 | '=' VOID
2337 { $$ = new InitializerNode( true ); }
2338 | ATassign initializer
2339 { $$ = $2->set_maybeConstructed( false ); }
2340 ;
2341
2342initializer:
2343 assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode( $1 ); }
2344 | '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode( $2, true ); }
2345 ;
2346
2347initializer_list_opt:
2348 // empty
2349 { $$ = nullptr; }
2350 | initializer
2351 | designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
2352 | initializer_list_opt ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 ) ); }
2353 | initializer_list_opt ',' designation initializer
2354 { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $4->set_designators( $3 ) ) ); }
2355 ;
2356
2357// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is use of
2358// '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
2359//
2360// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
2361//
2362// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this case, CFA
2363// changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC does uses ":" for
2364// field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be supported either due to
2365// shift/reduce conflicts
2366
2367designation:
2368 designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
2369 | no_attr_identifier ':' // GCC, field name
2370 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
2371 ;
2372
2373designator_list: // C99
2374 designator
2375 | designator_list designator
2376 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 ) ); }
2377 //| designator_list designator { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1, $2 ); }
2378 ;
2379
2380designator:
2381 '.' no_attr_identifier // C99, field name
2382 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2 ) ); }
2383 | '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
2384 // assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with tuple.
2385 { $$ = $3; }
2386 | '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
2387 { $$ = $3; }
2388 | '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
2389 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $5 ) ) ); }
2390 | '.' '[' push field_name_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
2391 { $$ = $4; }
2392 ;
2393
2394// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type parameters,
2395// rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
2396//
2397// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
2398//
2399// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used for object
2400// and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with initializers provide
2401// definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide opaque types.
2402//
2403// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at the call
2404// site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
2405//
2406// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
2407// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble subclass
2408// hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare that a type or
2409// types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used to declare requirements
2410// on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
2411
2412type_parameter_list: // CFA
2413 type_parameter
2414 | type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter
2415 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
2416 ;
2417
2418type_initializer_opt: // CFA
2419 // empty
2420 { $$ = nullptr; }
2421 | '=' type
2422 { $$ = $2; }
2423 ;
2424
2425type_parameter: // CFA
2426 type_class no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2427 { typedefTable.addToScope( *$2, TYPEDEFname, "9" ); }
2428 type_initializer_opt assertion_list_opt
2429 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addTypeInitializer( $4 )->addAssertions( $5 ); }
2430 | type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
2431 | assertion_list
2432 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( DeclarationNode::Dtype, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ) )->addAssertions( $1 ); }
2433 ;
2434
2435type_class: // CFA
2436 OTYPE
2437 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Otype; }
2438 | DTYPE
2439 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
2440 | FTYPE
2441 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
2442 | TTYPE
2443 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Ttype; }
2444 ;
2445
2446assertion_list_opt: // CFA
2447 // empty
2448 { $$ = nullptr; }
2449 | assertion_list
2450 ;
2451
2452assertion_list: // CFA
2453 assertion
2454 | assertion_list assertion
2455 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
2456 ;
2457
2458assertion: // CFA
2459 '|' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_list ')'
2460 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTraitUse( $2, $4 ); }
2461 | '|' '{' push trait_declaration_list pop '}'
2462 { $$ = $4; }
2463 // | '|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list pop '}' '(' type_list ')'
2464 // { SemanticError( yylloc, "Generic data-type assertion is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
2465 ;
2466
2467type_list: // CFA
2468 type
2469 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new TypeExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $1 ) ) ); }
2470 | assignment_expression
2471 { SemanticError( yylloc, toString("Expression generic parameters are currently unimplemented: ", $1->build()) ); $$ = nullptr; }
2472 | type_list ',' type
2473 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( new TypeExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
2474 | type_list ',' assignment_expression
2475 { SemanticError( yylloc, toString("Expression generic parameters are currently unimplemented: ", $3->build()) ); $$ = nullptr; }
2476 // { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
2477 ;
2478
2479type_declaring_list: // CFA
2480 OTYPE type_declarator
2481 { $$ = $2; }
2482 | storage_class_list OTYPE type_declarator
2483 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2484 | type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
2485 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copySpecifiers( $1 ) ); }
2486 ;
2487
2488type_declarator: // CFA
2489 type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
2490 { $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
2491 | type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type
2492 { $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
2493 ;
2494
2495type_declarator_name: // CFA
2496 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2497 {
2498 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TYPEDEFname, "10" );
2499 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
2500 }
2501 | no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_parameter_list ')'
2502 {
2503 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TYPEGENname, "11" );
2504 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $3 );
2505 }
2506 ;
2507
2508trait_specifier: // CFA
2509 TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_parameter_list ')' '{' '}'
2510 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $4, 0 ); }
2511 | TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_parameter_list ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list pop '}'
2512 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $4, $8 ); }
2513 ;
2514
2515trait_declaration_list: // CFA
2516 trait_declaration
2517 | trait_declaration_list pop push trait_declaration
2518 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4 ); }
2519 ;
2520
2521trait_declaration: // CFA
2522 cfa_trait_declaring_list ';'
2523 | trait_declaring_list ';'
2524 ;
2525
2526cfa_trait_declaring_list: // CFA
2527 cfa_variable_specifier
2528 | cfa_function_specifier
2529 | cfa_trait_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
2530 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) ); }
2531 ;
2532
2533trait_declaring_list: // CFA
2534 type_specifier declarator
2535 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
2536 | trait_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
2537 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) ); }
2538 ;
2539
2540//***************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS *****************************
2541
2542translation_unit:
2543 // empty, input file
2544 | external_definition_list
2545 { parseTree = parseTree ? parseTree->appendList( $1 ) : $1; }
2546 ;
2547
2548external_definition_list:
2549 push external_definition pop
2550 { $$ = $2; }
2551 | external_definition_list push external_definition pop
2552 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
2553 ;
2554
2555external_definition_list_opt:
2556 // empty
2557 { $$ = nullptr; }
2558 | external_definition_list
2559 ;
2560
2561up:
2562 { typedefTable.up( forall ); forall = false; }
2563 ;
2564
2565down:
2566 { typedefTable.down(); }
2567 ;
2568
2569external_definition:
2570 declaration
2571 | external_function_definition
2572 | EXTENSION external_definition // GCC, multiple __extension__ allowed, meaning unknown
2573 {
2574 distExt( $2 ); // mark all fields in list
2575 $$ = $2;
2576 }
2577 | ASM '(' string_literal ')' ';' // GCC, global assembler statement
2578 {
2579 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAsmStmt( new StatementNode( build_asm( false, $3, 0 ) ) );
2580 }
2581 | EXTERN STRINGliteral // C++-style linkage specifier
2582 {
2583 linkageStack.push( linkage ); // handle nested extern "C"/"Cforall"
2584 linkage = LinkageSpec::linkageUpdate( yylloc, linkage, $2 );
2585 }
2586 '{' up external_definition_list_opt down '}'
2587 {
2588 linkage = linkageStack.top();
2589 linkageStack.pop();
2590 $$ = $6;
2591 }
2592 | type_qualifier_list
2593 {
2594 if ( $1->type->qualifiers.val ) { SemanticError( yylloc, "CV qualifiers cannot be distributed; only storage-class and forall qualifiers." ); }
2595 if ( $1->type->forall ) forall = true; // remember generic type
2596 }
2597 '{' up external_definition_list_opt down '}' // CFA, namespace
2598 {
2599 distQual( $5, $1 );
2600 forall = false;
2601 $$ = $5;
2602 }
2603 | declaration_qualifier_list
2604 {
2605 if ( $1->type && $1->type->qualifiers.val ) { SemanticError( yylloc, "CV qualifiers cannot be distributed; only storage-class and forall qualifiers." ); }
2606 if ( $1->type && $1->type->forall ) forall = true; // remember generic type
2607 }
2608 '{' up external_definition_list_opt down '}' // CFA, namespace
2609 {
2610 distQual( $5, $1 );
2611 forall = false;
2612 $$ = $5;
2613 }
2614 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list
2615 {
2616 if ( ($1->type && $1->type->qualifiers.val) || $2->type->qualifiers.val ) { SemanticError( yylloc, "CV qualifiers cannot be distributed; only storage-class and forall qualifiers." ); }
2617 if ( ($1->type && $1->type->forall) || $2->type->forall ) forall = true; // remember generic type
2618 }
2619 '{' up external_definition_list_opt down '}' // CFA, namespace
2620 {
2621 distQual( $6, $1->addQualifiers( $2 ) );
2622 forall = false;
2623 $$ = $6;
2624 }
2625 ;
2626
2627external_function_definition:
2628 function_definition
2629 // These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant amount of
2630 // legacy code with global functions missing the type-specifier for the return type, and assuming "int".
2631 // Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested
2632 // functions preclude this concession, i.e., all nested function must have a return type). A function prototype
2633 // declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2634 | function_declarator compound_statement
2635 { $$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 ); }
2636 | KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt compound_statement
2637 { $$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $2 )->addFunctionBody( $3 ); }
2638 ;
2639
2640with_clause_opt:
2641 // empty
2642 { $$ = nullptr; forall = false; }
2643 | WITH '(' tuple_expression_list ')'
2644 { $$ = $3; forall = false; }
2645 ;
2646
2647function_definition:
2648 cfa_function_declaration with_clause_opt compound_statement // CFA
2649 {
2650 // Add the function body to the last identifier in the function definition list, i.e., foo3:
2651 // [const double] foo1(), foo2( int ), foo3( double ) { return 3.0; }
2652 $1->get_last()->addFunctionBody( $3, $2 );
2653 $$ = $1;
2654 }
2655 | declaration_specifier function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2656 {
2657 rebindForall( $1, $2 );
2658 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addType( $1 );
2659 }
2660 | declaration_specifier variable_type_redeclarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2661 {
2662 rebindForall( $1, $2 );
2663 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addType( $1 );
2664 }
2665 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2666 | type_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2667 { $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2668 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2669 | declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2670 { $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2671 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2672 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2673 { $$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2674
2675 // Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
2676 | declaration_specifier KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2677 {
2678 rebindForall( $1, $2 );
2679 $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addType( $1 );
2680 }
2681 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2682 | type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2683 { $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2684 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2685 | declaration_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2686 { $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2687 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2688 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2689 { $$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $6, $5 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2690 ;
2691
2692declarator:
2693 variable_declarator
2694 | variable_type_redeclarator
2695 | function_declarator
2696 ;
2697
2698subrange:
2699 constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
2700 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
2701 ;
2702
2703asm_name_opt: // GCC
2704 // empty
2705 { $$ = nullptr; }
2706 | ASM '(' string_literal ')' attribute_list_opt
2707 {
2708 DeclarationNode * name = new DeclarationNode();
2709 name->asmName = $3;
2710 $$ = name->addQualifiers( $5 );
2711 }
2712 ;
2713
2714attribute_list_opt: // GCC
2715 // empty
2716 { $$ = nullptr; }
2717 | attribute_list
2718 ;
2719
2720attribute_list: // GCC
2721 attribute
2722 | attribute_list attribute
2723 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2724 ;
2725
2726attribute: // GCC
2727 ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_name_list ')' ')'
2728 { $$ = $4; }
2729 ;
2730
2731attribute_name_list: // GCC
2732 attribute_name
2733 | attribute_name_list ',' attribute_name
2734 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2735 ;
2736
2737attribute_name: // GCC
2738 // empty
2739 { $$ = nullptr; }
2740 | attr_name
2741 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttribute( $1 ); }
2742 | attr_name '(' argument_expression_list ')'
2743 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttribute( $1, $3 ); }
2744 ;
2745
2746attr_name: // GCC
2747 IDENTIFIER
2748 | quasi_keyword
2749 | TYPEDEFname
2750 | TYPEGENname
2751 | FALLTHROUGH
2752 { $$ = Token{ new string( "fallthrough" ), { nullptr, -1 } }; }
2753 | CONST
2754 { $$ = Token{ new string( "__const__" ), { nullptr, -1 } }; }
2755 ;
2756
2757// ============================================================================
2758// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are necessary
2759// because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage in an expression, as
2760// in:
2761//
2762// int (*f())[10] { ... };
2763// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
2764//
2765// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some or all of
2766// the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a particular context.
2767// ============================================================================
2768
2769// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2770// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of declarators
2771// to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
2772//
2773// valid declaration invalid definition
2774// ----------------- ------------------
2775// int f; int f {}
2776// int *f; int *f {}
2777// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
2778// int (*f)(int); int (*f)(int) {}
2779//
2780// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function declarators, hence
2781// variable_declarator and function_declarator.
2782// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2783
2784// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern precludes
2785// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
2786
2787variable_declarator:
2788 paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2789 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2790 | variable_ptr
2791 | variable_array attribute_list_opt
2792 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2793 | variable_function attribute_list_opt
2794 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2795 ;
2796
2797paren_identifier:
2798 identifier
2799 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
2800 | '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
2801 { $$ = $2; }
2802 ;
2803
2804variable_ptr:
2805 ptrref_operator variable_declarator
2806 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2807 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
2808 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2809 | '(' variable_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2810 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); } // redundant parenthesis
2811 ;
2812
2813variable_array:
2814 paren_identifier array_dimension
2815 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2816 | '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
2817 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2818 | '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2819 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2820 | '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2821 { $$ = $2; }
2822 ;
2823
2824variable_function:
2825 '(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2826 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2827 | '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2828 { $$ = $2; }
2829 ;
2830
2831// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. For non-nested functions, there is
2832// no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name, i.e., the typedef and function name cannot exist
2833// is the same scope. The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2834
2835function_declarator:
2836 function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
2837 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2838 | function_ptr
2839 | function_array attribute_list_opt
2840 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2841 ;
2842
2843function_no_ptr:
2844 paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2845 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2846 | '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2847 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2848 | '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
2849 { $$ = $2; }
2850 ;
2851
2852function_ptr:
2853 ptrref_operator function_declarator
2854 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2855 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list function_declarator
2856 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2857 | '(' function_ptr ')'
2858 { $$ = $2; }
2859 ;
2860
2861function_array:
2862 '(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2863 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2864 | '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2865 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2866 | '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2867 { $$ = $2; }
2868 ;
2869
2870// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4)
2871//
2872// f( a, b, c ) int a, *b, c[]; {}
2873//
2874// that is not redefining a typedef name (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes
2875// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2876
2877KR_function_declarator:
2878 KR_function_no_ptr
2879 | KR_function_ptr
2880 | KR_function_array
2881 ;
2882
2883KR_function_no_ptr:
2884 paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
2885 { $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
2886 | '(' KR_function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2887 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2888 | '(' KR_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
2889 { $$ = $2; }
2890 ;
2891
2892KR_function_ptr:
2893 ptrref_operator KR_function_declarator
2894 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2895 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator
2896 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2897 | '(' KR_function_ptr ')'
2898 { $$ = $2; }
2899 ;
2900
2901KR_function_array:
2902 '(' KR_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2903 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2904 | '(' KR_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2905 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2906 | '(' KR_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2907 { $$ = $2; }
2908 ;
2909
2910// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a type name, e.g.:
2911//
2912// typedef int foo;
2913// {
2914// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
2915// }
2916//
2917// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2918// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2919
2920variable_type_redeclarator:
2921 paren_type attribute_list_opt
2922 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2923 | type_ptr
2924 | type_array attribute_list_opt
2925 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2926 | type_function attribute_list_opt
2927 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2928 ;
2929
2930paren_type:
2931 typedef
2932 // hide type name in enclosing scope by variable name
2933 {
2934 // if ( ! typedefTable.existsCurr( *$1->name ) ) {
2935 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1->name, IDENTIFIER, "ID" );
2936 // } else {
2937 // SemanticError( yylloc, string("'") + *$1->name + "' redeclared as different kind of symbol." ); $$ = nullptr;
2938 // } // if
2939 }
2940 | '(' paren_type ')'
2941 { $$ = $2; }
2942 ;
2943
2944type_ptr:
2945 ptrref_operator variable_type_redeclarator
2946 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2947 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_type_redeclarator
2948 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2949 | '(' type_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2950 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); } // redundant parenthesis
2951 ;
2952
2953type_array:
2954 paren_type array_dimension
2955 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2956 | '(' type_ptr ')' array_dimension
2957 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2958 | '(' type_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2959 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2960 | '(' type_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2961 { $$ = $2; }
2962 ;
2963
2964type_function:
2965 paren_type '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2966 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2967 | '(' type_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2968 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2969 | '(' type_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2970 { $$ = $2; }
2971 ;
2972
2973// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable of a function prototype or actual that is not redefining a
2974// typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern precludes
2975// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus
2976// pointers to arrays and functions.
2977
2978identifier_parameter_declarator:
2979 paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2980 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2981 | '&' MUTEX paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2982 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf ) )->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2983 | identifier_parameter_ptr
2984 | identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2985 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2986 | identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2987 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2988 ;
2989
2990identifier_parameter_ptr:
2991 ptrref_operator identifier_parameter_declarator
2992 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2993 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
2994 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2995 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2996 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2997 ;
2998
2999identifier_parameter_array:
3000 paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
3001 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
3002 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
3003 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3004 | '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3005 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3006 | '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3007 { $$ = $2; }
3008 ;
3009
3010identifier_parameter_function:
3011 paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3012 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
3013 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3014 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3015 | '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3016 { $$ = $2; }
3017 ;
3018
3019// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a typedef name,
3020// e.g.:
3021//
3022// typedef int foo;
3023// forall( otype T ) struct foo;
3024// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
3025//
3026// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
3027
3028type_parameter_redeclarator:
3029 typedef attribute_list_opt
3030 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3031 | '&' MUTEX typedef attribute_list_opt
3032 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf ) )->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3033 | type_parameter_ptr
3034 | type_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
3035 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3036 | type_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
3037 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3038 ;
3039
3040typedef:
3041 TYPEDEFname
3042 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
3043 | TYPEGENname
3044 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
3045 ;
3046
3047type_parameter_ptr:
3048 ptrref_operator type_parameter_redeclarator
3049 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3050 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list type_parameter_redeclarator
3051 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3052 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3053 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3054 ;
3055
3056type_parameter_array:
3057 typedef array_parameter_dimension
3058 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
3059 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
3060 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3061 ;
3062
3063type_parameter_function:
3064 typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3065 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
3066 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3067 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3068 ;
3069
3070// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no identifier to
3071// which the type applies, e.g.:
3072//
3073// sizeof( int );
3074// sizeof( int * );
3075// sizeof( int [10] );
3076// sizeof( int (*)() );
3077// sizeof( int () );
3078//
3079// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
3080// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
3081
3082abstract_declarator:
3083 abstract_ptr
3084 | abstract_array attribute_list_opt
3085 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3086 | abstract_function attribute_list_opt
3087 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3088 ;
3089
3090abstract_ptr:
3091 ptrref_operator
3092 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ); }
3093 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
3094 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
3095 | ptrref_operator abstract_declarator
3096 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3097 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
3098 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3099 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3100 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3101 ;
3102
3103abstract_array:
3104 array_dimension
3105 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
3106 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3107 | '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3108 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3109 | '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3110 { $$ = $2; }
3111 ;
3112
3113abstract_function:
3114 '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3115 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
3116 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3117 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3118 | '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3119 { $$ = $2; }
3120 ;
3121
3122array_dimension:
3123 // Only the first dimension can be empty.
3124 '[' ']'
3125 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
3126 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension
3127 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $3 ); }
3128 | multi_array_dimension
3129 ;
3130
3131multi_array_dimension:
3132 '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
3133 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
3134 | '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
3135 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
3136 | multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
3137 { $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
3138 | multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
3139 { $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
3140 ;
3141
3142// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
3143// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
3144//
3145// int f( int ); // not handled here
3146// int f( int * ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3147// int f( int (*)() ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3148// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3149//
3150// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
3151// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. In addition, the pattern handles the
3152// special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
3153//
3154// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
3155// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
3156// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
3157//
3158// For example:
3159//
3160// typedef float T;
3161// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
3162// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
3163// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
3164// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
3165//
3166// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type list, and
3167// not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes declaring an array of
3168// functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and
3169// functions.
3170
3171abstract_parameter_declarator:
3172 abstract_parameter_ptr
3173 | '&' MUTEX attribute_list_opt
3174 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
3175 | abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
3176 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3177 | abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
3178 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3179 ;
3180
3181abstract_parameter_ptr:
3182 ptrref_operator
3183 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( nullptr, $1 ); }
3184 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
3185 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
3186 | ptrref_operator abstract_parameter_declarator
3187 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( nullptr, $1 ) ); }
3188 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
3189 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3190 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3191 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3192 ;
3193
3194abstract_parameter_array:
3195 array_parameter_dimension
3196 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
3197 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3198 | '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3199 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3200 | '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3201 { $$ = $2; }
3202 ;
3203
3204abstract_parameter_function:
3205 '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3206 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
3207 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3208 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3209 | '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3210 { $$ = $2; }
3211 ;
3212
3213array_parameter_dimension:
3214 // Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
3215 array_parameter_1st_dimension
3216 | array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
3217 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
3218 | multi_array_dimension
3219 ;
3220
3221// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
3222//
3223// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall appear only in
3224// a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the outermost array type derivation."
3225
3226array_parameter_1st_dimension:
3227 '[' ']'
3228 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
3229 // multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
3230 | '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
3231 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
3232 | '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
3233 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
3234 // multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
3235 | '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3236 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
3237 | '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
3238 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
3239 | '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
3240 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
3241 ;
3242
3243// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, but does not allow "int ()" for a function pointer.
3244//
3245// struct S {
3246// int;
3247// int *;
3248// int [10];
3249// int (*)();
3250// };
3251
3252variable_abstract_declarator:
3253 variable_abstract_ptr
3254 | variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
3255 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3256 | variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
3257 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3258 ;
3259
3260variable_abstract_ptr:
3261 ptrref_operator
3262 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ); }
3263 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
3264 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
3265 | ptrref_operator variable_abstract_declarator
3266 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3267 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
3268 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3269 | '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3270 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3271 ;
3272
3273variable_abstract_array:
3274 array_dimension
3275 | '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
3276 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3277 | '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3278 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3279 | '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3280 { $$ = $2; }
3281 ;
3282
3283variable_abstract_function:
3284 '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3285 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3286 | '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3287 { $$ = $2; }
3288 ;
3289
3290// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either an
3291// identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
3292
3293cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
3294 cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
3295 | cfa_abstract_tuple
3296 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
3297 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
3298 ;
3299
3300cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
3301 cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3302 | cfa_identifier_parameter_array
3303 ;
3304
3305cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
3306 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
3307 ptrref_operator type_specifier_nobody
3308 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3309 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier_nobody
3310 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3311 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3312 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3313 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3314 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3315 | ptrref_operator cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
3316 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3317 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
3318 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3319 ;
3320
3321cfa_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
3322 // Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
3323 // shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
3324 '[' ']' type_specifier_nobody
3325 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3326 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3327 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3328 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3329 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3330 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3331 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3332 | multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3333 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3334
3335 | '[' ']' cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3336 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3337 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3338 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3339 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3340 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3341 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3342 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3343 | multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3344 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3345 ;
3346
3347cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
3348 '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
3349 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
3350 | '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3351 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
3352 | '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3353 // declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
3354 // assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
3355 // appear in this context.
3356 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
3357 | '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3358 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
3359 ;
3360
3361// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
3362// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
3363//
3364// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
3365// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3366//
3367// These rules need LR(3):
3368//
3369// cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name
3370// '[' cfa_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt ')'
3371//
3372// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
3373//
3374// [int, int] t;
3375// [int, int] f( int );
3376//
3377// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_type_name to know when to reduce
3378// cfa_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the necessary
3379// lookahead. To accomplish this, cfa_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and tuple declarations are
3380// duplicated when appearing with cfa_function_specifier.
3381
3382cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
3383 cfa_abstract_tuple
3384 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
3385 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
3386 | cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
3387 ;
3388
3389cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
3390 cfa_abstract_ptr
3391 | cfa_abstract_array
3392 ;
3393
3394cfa_abstract_ptr: // CFA
3395 ptrref_operator type_specifier
3396 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3397 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
3398 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3399 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3400 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3401 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3402 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3403 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
3404 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3405 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
3406 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3407 ;
3408
3409cfa_abstract_array: // CFA
3410 // Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce conflict with
3411 // empty (void) function return type.
3412 '[' ']' type_specifier
3413 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3414 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
3415 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3416 | multi_array_dimension type_specifier
3417 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3418 | '[' ']' cfa_abstract_ptr
3419 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3420 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension cfa_abstract_ptr
3421 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3422 | multi_array_dimension cfa_abstract_ptr
3423 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3424 ;
3425
3426cfa_abstract_tuple: // CFA
3427 '[' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
3428 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
3429 | '[' push type_specifier_nobody ELLIPSIS pop ']'
3430 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Tuple array currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
3431 | '[' push type_specifier_nobody ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']'
3432 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Tuple array currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
3433 ;
3434
3435cfa_abstract_function: // CFA
3436// '[' ']' '(' cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt ')'
3437// { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, DeclarationNode::newTuple( nullptr ), $4, nullptr ); }
3438 cfa_abstract_tuple '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
3439 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
3440 | cfa_function_return '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
3441 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
3442 ;
3443
3444// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration specifiers in
3445// each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and type name."
3446//
3447// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the beginning of
3448// the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
3449//
3450// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
3451// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
3452//
3453// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter identifier and
3454// declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an obsolescent feature.
3455
3456//************************* MISCELLANEOUS ********************************
3457
3458comma_opt: // redundant comma
3459 // empty
3460 | ','
3461 ;
3462
3463default_initialize_opt:
3464 // empty
3465 { $$ = nullptr; }
3466 | '=' assignment_expression
3467 { $$ = $2; }
3468 ;
3469
3470%%
3471
3472// ----end of grammar----
3473
3474// Local Variables: //
3475// mode: c++ //
3476// tab-width: 4 //
3477// compile-command: "make install" //
3478// End: //
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