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stdlib.hfa @ 5aeb1a9

Last change on this file since 5aeb1a9 was 4a3eb1c, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 7 months ago
add combinations of pointer/reference for memset and memcpy
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 23.4 KB

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1	//
2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2016 University of Waterloo
3	//
4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6	//
7	// stdlib --
8	//
9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
10	// Created On : Thu Jan 28 17:12:35 2016
11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12	// Last Modified On : Tue Apr 23 14:05:21 2024
13	// Update Count : 963
14	//
15
16	#pragma once
17
18	#include "bits/defs.hfa" // OPTIONAL_THREAD
19	#include "bits/align.hfa" // libAlign
20	#include "bits/random.hfa" // prng
21	#include <Exception.hfa>
22	#include <heap.hfa>
23
24	#include <stdlib.h> // alloc, strto, ato*
25	#include <errno.h>
26
27	// Reduce includes by explicitly defining these routines.
28	extern "C" {
29	void * memalign( size_t alignment, size_t size ); // malloc.h
30	void * pvalloc( size_t size ); // malloc.h
31	void * memset( void * dest, int fill, size_t size ); // string.h
32	void * memcpy( void * dest, const void * src, size_t size ); // string.h
33	} // extern "C"
34
35	//---------------------------------------
36
37	#ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
38	#define EXIT_FAILURE 1 // failing exit status
39	#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0 // successful exit status
40	#endif // ! EXIT_FAILURE
41
42	//---------------------------------------
43
44	#include "common.hfa"
45
46	//---------------------------------------
47
48	static inline forall( T & \| sized(T) ) {
49	// CFA safe equivalents, i.e., implicit size specification, eliminate return-type cast
50
51	T * malloc( void ) {
52	if ( _Alignof(T) <= libAlign() ) return (T *)malloc( sizeof(T) ); // C allocation
53	else return (T *)memalign( _Alignof(T), sizeof(T) );
54	} // malloc
55
56	T * aalloc( size_t dim ) {
57	if ( _Alignof(T) <= libAlign() ) return (T *)aalloc( dim, sizeof(T) ); // C allocation
58	else return (T *)amemalign( _Alignof(T), dim, sizeof(T) );
59	} // aalloc
60
61	T * calloc( size_t dim ) {
62	if ( _Alignof(T) <= libAlign() ) return (T *)calloc( dim, sizeof(T) ); // C allocation
63	else return (T *)cmemalign( _Alignof(T), dim, sizeof(T) );
64	} // calloc
65
66	T * resize( T * ptr, size_t size ) {
67	if ( _Alignof(T) <= libAlign() ) return (T )resize( (void )ptr, size ); // C resize
68	else return (T )resize( (void )ptr, _Alignof(T), size ); // CFA resize
69	} // resize
70
71	T * resize( T * ptr, size_t alignment, size_t size ) {
72	return (T )resize( (void )ptr, alignment, size ); // CFA resize
73	} // resize
74
75	T * realloc( T * ptr, size_t size ) { // CFA realloc
76	if ( _Alignof(T) <= libAlign() ) return (T )realloc( (void )ptr, size ); // C realloc
77	else return (T )realloc( (void )ptr, _Alignof(T), size ); // CFA realloc
78	} // realloc
79
80	T * realloc( T * ptr, size_t alignment, size_t size ) {
81	return (T )realloc( (void )ptr, alignment, size ); // CFA realloc
82	} // realloc
83
84	T * reallocarray( T * ptr, size_t dim ) { // CFA reallocarray
85	if ( _Alignof(T) <= libAlign() ) return (T )reallocarray( (void )ptr, dim, sizeof(T) ); // C reallocarray
86	else return (T )reallocarray( (void )ptr, _Alignof(T), dim ); // CFA reallocarray
87	} // realloc
88
89	T * reallocarray( T * ptr, size_t alignment, size_t dim ) {
90	return (T )reallocarray( (void )ptr, alignment, dim ); // CFA reallocarray
91	} // realloc
92
93	T * memalign( size_t align ) {
94	return (T *)memalign( align, sizeof(T) ); // C memalign
95	} // memalign
96
97	T * amemalign( size_t align, size_t dim ) {
98	return (T *)amemalign( align, dim, sizeof(T) ); // CFA amemalign
99	} // amemalign
100
101	T * cmemalign( size_t align, size_t dim ) {
102	return (T *)cmemalign( align, dim, sizeof(T) ); // CFA cmemalign
103	} // cmemalign
104
105	T * aligned_alloc( size_t align ) {
106	return (T *)aligned_alloc( align, sizeof(T) ); // C aligned_alloc
107	} // aligned_alloc
108
109	int posix_memalign( T ** ptr, size_t align ) {
110	return posix_memalign( (void **)ptr, align, sizeof(T) ); // C posix_memalign
111	} // posix_memalign
112
113	T * valloc( void ) {
114	return (T *)valloc( sizeof(T) ); // C valloc
115	} // valloc
116
117	T * pvalloc( void ) {
118	return (T *)pvalloc( sizeof(T) ); // C pvalloc
119	} // pvalloc
120	} // distribution
121
122	/*
123	FIX ME : fix alloc interface after Ticker Number 214 is resolved, define and add union to S_fill. Then, modify
124	postfix-fill functions to support T * with nmemb, char, and T object of any size. Finally, change alloc_internal.
125	Or, just follow the instructions below for that.
126
127	1. Replace the current forall-block that contains defintions of S_fill and S_realloc with following:
128	forall( T & \| sized(T) ) {
129	union U_fill { char c; T * a; T t; };
130	struct S_fill { char tag; U_fill(T) fill; };
131	struct S_realloc { inline T *; };
132	}
133
134	2. Replace all current postfix-fill functions with following for updated S_fill:
135	S_fill(T) ?`fill( char a ) { S_fill(T) ret = {'c'}; ret.fill.c = a; return ret; }
136	S_fill(T) ?`fill( T a ) { S_fill(T) ret = {'t'}; memcpy(&ret.fill.t, &a, sizeof(T)); return ret; }
137	S_fill(T) ?`fill( T a[], size_t nmemb ) { S_fill(T) ret = {'a', nmemb}; ret.fill.a = a; return ret; }
138
139	3. Replace the alloc_internal$ function which is outside ttype forall-block with following function:
140	T * alloc_internal$( void * Resize, T * Realloc, size_t Align, size_t Dim, S_fill(T) Fill) {
141	T * ptr = NULL;
142	size_t size = sizeof(T);
143	size_t copy_end = 0;
144
145	if(Resize) {
146	ptr = (T) (void ) resize( (int )Resize, Align, Dim size );
147	} else if (Realloc) {
148	if (Fill.tag != '0') copy_end = min(malloc_size( Realloc ), Dim * size);
149	ptr = (T) (void ) realloc( (int )Realloc, Align, Dim size );
150	} else {
151	ptr = (T) (void ) memalign( Align, Dim * size );
152	}
153
154	if(Fill.tag == 'c') {
155	memset( (char )ptr + copy_end, (int)Fill.fill.c, Dim size - copy_end );
156	} else if(Fill.tag == 't') {
157	for ( int i = copy_end; i <= Dim * size - size ; i += size ) {
158	memcpy( (char *)ptr + i, &Fill.fill.t, size );
159	}
160	} else if(Fill.tag == 'a') {
161	memcpy( (char )ptr + copy_end, Fill.fill.a, min(Dim size - copy_end, size * Fill.nmemb) );
162	}
163
164	return ptr;
165	} // alloc_internal$
166	*/
167
168	#pragma GCC diagnostic push
169	#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
170	#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuninitialized"
171
172	struct T_align { size_t align; };
173	struct T_resize { void * addr; };
174	struct T_realloc { void * addr; };
175	forall( T & ) struct T_fill {
176	// 'N' => no fill, 'c' => fill with character c, 'a' => fill first N array elements from another array,
177	// 'A' => fill all array elements from another array, 'T' => fill using a T value.
178	char tag;
179	size_t nelem; // number of elements copied from "at" (used with tag 'a')
180	// union {
181	char c;
182	T * at;
183	char t[64]; // T t;
184	// };
185	};
186
187	#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
188
189	static inline {
190	T_align ?`align( size_t a ) { return (T_align){ a }; }
191	T_resize ?`resize( void * a ) { return (T_resize){ a }; }
192	T_realloc ?`realloc( void * a ) { return (T_realloc){ a }; }
193	}
194
195	static inline forall( T & \| sized(T) ) {
196	T_fill(T) ?`fill( char c ) { return (T_fill(T)){ 'c', 0, c }; }
197	T_fill(T) ?`fill( T t ) {
198	T_fill(T) ret = { 'T' };
199	size_t size = sizeof(T);
200	if ( size > sizeof(ret.t) ) {
201	abort( "ERROR: const object of size greater than 50 bytes given for dynamic memory fill\n" );
202	} // if
203	memcpy( &ret.t, &t, size );
204	return ret;
205	}
206	T_fill(T) ?`fill( T a[] ) { return (T_fill(T)){ 'A', 0, '\0', a }; } // FIX ME: remove this once ticket 214 is resolved
207	T_fill(T) ?`fill( T a[], size_t nelem ) { return (T_fill(T)){ 'a', nelem * sizeof(T), '\0', a }; }
208
209	// private interface
210	T * alloc_internal$( size_t Dim, T_resize Resize, T_realloc Realloc, size_t Align, T_fill(T) Fill ) {
211	T * ptr;
212	size_t tsize = sizeof(T);
213	size_t copy_end = 0;
214
215	if ( Resize.addr ) {
216	ptr = (T )(void )resize( Resize.addr, Align, Dim * tsize );
217	} else if ( Realloc.addr ) {
218	if ( Fill.tag != 'N' ) copy_end = min(malloc_size( Realloc.addr ), Dim * tsize );
219	ptr = (T )(void )realloc( Realloc.addr, Align, Dim * tsize );
220	} else {
221	ptr = (T )(void )memalign( Align, Dim * tsize );
222	} // if
223
224	if ( Fill.tag == 'c' ) {
225	memset( (char )ptr + copy_end, (int)Fill.c, Dim tsize - copy_end );
226	} else if ( Fill.tag == 'T' ) {
227	for ( i; copy_end ~ Dim * tsize ~ tsize ) {
228	assert( tsize <= sizeof(Fill.t) );
229	memcpy( (char *)ptr + i, &Fill.t, tsize );
230	} // for
231	} else if ( Fill.tag == 'a' ) {
232	memcpy( (char )ptr + copy_end, Fill.at, min( Dim tsize - copy_end, Fill.nelem ) );
233	} else if ( Fill.tag == 'A' ) {
234	memcpy( (char )ptr + copy_end, Fill.at, Dim tsize );
235	} // if
236	return ptr;
237	} // alloc_internal$
238
239	// Dim is a fixed (optional first) parameter, and hence is not set using a postfix function. A dummy parameter is
240	// being overwritten by the postfix argument in the ttype.
241	forall( List ... \| { T * alloc_internal$( size_t Dim, T_resize Resize, T_realloc Realloc, size_t Align, T_fill(T) Fill, List ); } ) {
242	// middle interface
243	T * alloc_internal$( size_t Dim, T_resize dummy, T_realloc Realloc, size_t Align, T_fill(T) Fill, T_resize Resize, List rest ) {
244	return alloc_internal$( Dim, Resize, (T_realloc){0p}, Align, Fill, rest );
245	}
246	T * alloc_internal$( size_t Dim, T_resize Resize, T_realloc dummy, size_t Align, T_fill(T) Fill, T_realloc Realloc, List rest ) {
247	return alloc_internal$( Dim, (T_resize){0p}, Realloc, Align, Fill, rest );
248	}
249	T * alloc_internal$( size_t Dim, T_resize Resize, T_realloc Realloc, size_t dummy, T_fill(T) Fill, T_align Align, List rest ) {
250	return alloc_internal$( Dim, Resize, Realloc, Align.align, Fill, rest );
251	}
252	T * alloc_internal$( size_t Dim, T_resize Resize, T_realloc Realloc, size_t Align, T_fill(T) dummy, T_fill(T) Fill, List rest ) {
253	return alloc_internal$( Dim, Resize, Realloc, Align, Fill, rest );
254	}
255	// public interface
256	T * alloc( List rest ) {
257	return alloc_internal$( (size_t)1, (T_resize){0p}, (T_realloc){0p}, (_Alignof(T) > libAlign() ? _Alignof(T) : libAlign()), (T_fill(T)){'N'}, rest );
258	}
259	T * alloc( size_t Dim, List rest ) {
260	return alloc_internal$( Dim, (T_resize){0p}, (T_realloc){0p}, (_Alignof(T) > libAlign() ? _Alignof(T) : libAlign()), (T_fill(T)){'N'}, rest );
261	}
262	} // distribution List
263	} // distribution T
264
265	static inline forall( T & \| sized(T) ) {
266	// CFA safe initialization/copy, i.e., implicit size specification, non-array types
267	T * memset( T * dest, char fill ) { // all combinations of pointer/reference
268	return (T *)memset( dest, fill, sizeof(T) ); // C memset
269	} // memset
270	T * memset( T & dest, char fill ) {
271	return (T *)memset( &dest, fill, sizeof(T) ); // C memset
272	} // memset
273
274	T * memcpy( T * dest, const T * src ) { // all combinations of pointer/reference
275	return (T *)memcpy( dest, src, sizeof(T) ); // C memcpy
276	} // memcpy
277	T * memcpy( T & dest, const T & src ) {
278	return (T *)memcpy( &dest, &src, sizeof(T) ); // C memcpy
279	} // memcpy
280	T * memcpy( T * dest, const T & src ) {
281	return (T *)memcpy( dest, &src, sizeof(T) ); // C memcpy
282	} // memcpy
283	T * memcpy( T & dest, const T * src ) {
284	return (T *)memcpy( &dest, src, sizeof(T) ); // C memcpy
285	} // memcpy
286
287	// CFA safe initialization/copy, i.e., implicit size specification, array types
288	T * amemset( T dest[], char fill, size_t dim ) {
289	return (T )(void )memset( dest, fill, dim * sizeof(T) ); // C memset
290	} // amemset
291
292	T * amemcpy( T dest[], const T src[], size_t dim ) {
293	return (T )(void )memcpy( dest, src, dim * sizeof(T) ); // C memcpy
294	} // amemcpy
295	} // distribution
296
297	// CFA deallocation for multiple objects
298	static inline forall( T & )
299	void free( T * ptr ) {
300	free( (void *)ptr ); // C free
301	} // free
302	static inline forall( T &, List ... \| { void free( List ); } )
303	void free( T * ptr, List rest ) {
304	free( ptr );
305	free( rest );
306	} // free
307
308	// CFA allocation/deallocation and constructor/destructor, non-array types
309	static inline forall( T & \| sized(T), Parms ... \| { void ?{}( T &, Parms ); } )
310	T * new( Parms p ) {
311	return &((T )malloc()){ p }; // run constructor
312	} // new
313
314	static inline forall( T & \| { void ^?{}( T & ); } )
315	void delete( T * ptr ) {
316	// special case for 0-sized object => always call destructor
317	if ( ptr \|\| sizeof(ptr) == 0 ) { // ignore null but not 0-sized objects
318	^(*ptr){}; // run destructor
319	} // if
320	free( ptr ); // always call free
321	} // delete
322	static inline forall( T &, List ... \| { void ^?{}( T & ); void delete( List ); } )
323	void delete( T * ptr, List rest ) {
324	delete( ptr );
325	delete( rest );
326	} // delete
327
328	// CFA allocation/deallocation and constructor/destructor, array types
329	forall( T & \| sized(T), Parms ... \| { void ?{}( T &, Parms ); } ) T * anew( size_t dim, Parms p );
330	forall( T & \| sized(T) \| { void ^?{}( T & ); } ) void adelete( T arr[] );
331	forall( T & \| sized(T) \| { void ^?{}( T & ); }, List ... \| { void adelete( List ); } ) void adelete( T arr[], List rest );
332
333	//---------------------------------------
334
335	// Check if all string characters are a specific kind, e.g., checkif( s, isblank )
336	bool checkif( const char s[], int (* kind)( int ) );
337	bool checkif( const char s[], int (* kind)( int, locale_t ), locale_t locale );
338
339	//---------------------------------------
340
341	static inline {
342	int strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[], int base ) { return (int)strtol( sptr, eptr, base ); }
343	unsigned int strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[], int base ) { return (unsigned int)strtoul( sptr, eptr, base ); }
344	long int strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[], int base ) { return strtol( sptr, eptr, base ); }
345	unsigned long int strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[], int base ) { return strtoul( sptr, eptr, base ); }
346	long long int strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[], int base ) { return strtoll( sptr, eptr, base ); }
347	unsigned long long int strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[], int base ) { return strtoull( sptr, eptr, base ); }
348
349	float strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[] ) { return strtof( sptr, eptr ); }
350	double strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[] ) { return strtod( sptr, eptr ); }
351	long double strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[] ) { return strtold( sptr, eptr ); }
352	} // distribution
353
354	float _Complex strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[] );
355	double _Complex strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[] );
356	long double _Complex strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[] );
357
358	ExceptionDecl( out_of_range );
359	ExceptionDecl( invalid_argument );
360
361	forall( T \| { T strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[], int ); } )
362	T convert( const char sptr[] ); // integrals
363	forall( T \| { T strto( const char sptr[], char * eptr[] ); } )
364	T convert( const char sptr[] ); // floating-point (no base)
365
366	static inline {
367	int ato( const char sptr[] ) { return (int)strtol( sptr, 0p, 10 ); }
368	unsigned int ato( const char sptr[] ) { return (unsigned int)strtoul( sptr, 0p, 10 ); }
369	long int ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strtol( sptr, 0p, 10 ); }
370	unsigned long int ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strtoul( sptr, 0p, 10 ); }
371	long long int ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strtoll( sptr, 0p, 10 ); }
372	unsigned long long int ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strtoull( sptr, 0p, 10 ); }
373
374	float ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strtof( sptr, 0p ); }
375	double ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strtod( sptr, 0p ); }
376	long double ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strtold( sptr, 0p ); }
377
378	float _Complex ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strto( sptr, 0p ); }
379	double _Complex ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strto( sptr, 0p ); }
380	long double _Complex ato( const char sptr[] ) { return strto( sptr, 0p ); }
381	} // distribution
382
383	//---------------------------------------
384
385	forall( E \| { int ?<?( E, E ); } ) {
386	E * bsearch( E key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
387	size_t bsearch( E key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
388	E * bsearchl( E key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
389	size_t bsearchl( E key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
390	E * bsearchu( E key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
391	size_t bsearchu( E key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
392	} // distribution
393
394	forall( K, E \| { int ?<?( K, K ); K getKey( const E & ); } ) {
395	E * bsearch( K key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
396	size_t bsearch( K key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
397	E * bsearchl( K key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
398	size_t bsearchl( K key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
399	E * bsearchu( K key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
400	size_t bsearchu( K key, const E * vals, size_t dim );
401	} // distribution
402
403	forall( E \| { int ?<?( E, E ); } ) {
404	void qsort( E * vals, size_t dim );
405	} // distribution
406
407	//---------------------------------------
408
409	extern "C" { // override C version
410	void srandom( unsigned int seed );
411	long int random( void ); // GENERATES POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE VALUES
412	// For positive values, use unsigned int, e.g., unsigned int r = random() % 100U;
413	} // extern "C"
414
415	static inline {
416	long int random( long int l, long int u ) { if ( u < l ) [u, l] = [l, u]; return lrand48() % (u - l + 1) + l; } // [l,u]
417	long int random( long int u ) { return random( 0, u - 1 ); } // [0,u)
418	unsigned long int random( void ) { return lrand48(); }
419	unsigned long int random( unsigned long int u ) { return lrand48() % u; } // [0,u)
420	unsigned long int random( unsigned long int l, unsigned long int u ) { if ( u < l ) [u, l] = [l, u]; return lrand48() % (u - l + 1) + l; } // [l,u]
421
422	char random( void ) { return (unsigned long int)random(); }
423	char random( char u ) { return (unsigned long int)random( (unsigned long int)u ); } // [0,u)
424	char random( char l, char u ) { return random( (unsigned long int)l, (unsigned long int)u ); } // [l,u)
425	int random( void ) { return (long int)random(); }
426	int random( int u ) { return (long int)random( (long int)u ); } // [0,u]
427	int random( int l, int u ) { return random( (long int)l, (long int)u ); } // [l,u)
428	unsigned int random( void ) { return (unsigned long int)random(); }
429	unsigned int random( unsigned int u ) { return (unsigned long int)random( (unsigned long int)u ); } // [0,u]
430	unsigned int random( unsigned int l, unsigned int u ) { return random( (unsigned long int)l, (unsigned long int)u ); } // [l,u)
431	} // distribution
432
433	float random( void ); // [0.0, 1.0)
434	double random( void ); // [0.0, 1.0)
435	float _Complex random( void ); // [0.0, 1.0)+[0.0, 1.0)i
436	double _Complex random( void ); // [0.0, 1.0)+[0.0, 1.0)i
437	long double _Complex random( void ); // [0.0, 1.0)+[0.0, 1.0)i
438
439	//---------------------------------------
440
441	// Sequential Pseudo Random-Number Generator : generate repeatable sequence of values that appear random.
442	//
443	// Declaration :
444	// PRNG sprng = { 1009 } - set starting seed versus random seed
445	//
446	// Interface :
447	// set_seed( sprng, 1009 ) - set starting seed for ALL kernel threads versus random seed
448	// get_seed( sprng ) - read seed
449	// prng( sprng ) - generate random value in range [0,UINT_MAX]
450	// prng( sprng, u ) - generate random value in range [0,u)
451	// prng( sprng, l, u ) - generate random value in range [l,u]
452	// calls( sprng ) - number of generated random value so far
453	//
454	// Examples : generate random number between 5-21
455	// prng( sprng ) % 17 + 5; values 0-16 + 5 = 5-21
456	// prng( sprng, 16 + 1 ) + 5;
457	// prng( sprng, 5, 21 );
458	// calls( sprng );
459
460	forall( PRNG &, R )
461	trait basic_prng {
462	void set_seed( PRNG & prng, R seed ); // set seed
463	R get_seed( PRNG & prng ); // get seed
464	R prng( PRNG & prng );
465	void ?{}( PRNG & prng ); // random seed
466	void ?{}( PRNG & prng, R seed ); // fixed seed
467	}; // basic_prng
468
469	static inline forall( PRNG &, R \| basic_prng( PRNG, R ) \| { R ?%?( R, R ); } ) {
470	R prng( PRNG & prng, R u ) { return prng( prng ) % u; } // [0,u)
471	}
472	static inline forall( PRNG &, R \| basic_prng( PRNG, R ) \| { R ?+?( R, R ); R ?-?( R, R ); R ?%?( R, R ); void ?{}( R &, one_t ); } ) {
473	R prng( PRNG & prng, R l, R u ) { return prng( prng, u - l + (R){1} ) + l; } // [l,u]
474	}
475
476	struct PRNG32 {
477	uint32_t callcnt; // call count
478	uint32_t seed; // current seed
479	PRNG_STATE_32_T state; // random state
480	}; // PRNG32
481
482	static inline {
483	void set_seed( PRNG32 & prng, uint32_t seed_ ) with( prng ) { seed = seed_; PRNG_SET_SEED_32( state, seed ); }
484	uint32_t get_seed( PRNG32 & prng ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) with( prng ) { return seed; }
485	void ?{}( PRNG32 & prng, uint32_t seed ) with( prng ) { callcnt = 0; set_seed( prng, seed ); } // fixed seed
486	void ?{}( PRNG32 & prng ) with( prng ) { ?{}( prng, rdtscl() ); } // random seed
487	uint32_t prng( PRNG32 & prng ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) with( prng ) { callcnt += 1; return PRNG_NAME_32( state ); } // [0,UINT_MAX]
488	uint32_t prng( PRNG32 & prng, uint32_t u ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) { return prng( prng ) % u; } // [0,u)
489	uint32_t prng( PRNG32 & prng, uint32_t l, uint32_t u ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) { return prng( prng, u - l + 1 ) + l; } // [l,u]
490	uint32_t calls( PRNG32 & prng ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) with( prng ) { return callcnt; }
491	void copy( PRNG32 & dst, PRNG32 & src ) { dst = src; } // checkpoint PRNG state, use autogen assignment
492	} // distribution
493	void ?{}( PRNG32 &, PRNG32 & ) = void; // no copy, remove autogen copy constructor
494	PRNG32 & ?=?( PRNG32 &, const PRNG32 ) = void; // no assignment, remove autogen assignment
495
496	struct PRNG64 {
497	uint64_t callcnt; // call count
498	uint64_t seed; // current seed
499	PRNG_STATE_64_T state; // random state
500	}; // PRNG64
501
502	static inline {
503	void set_seed( PRNG64 & prng, uint64_t seed_ ) with( prng ) { seed = seed_; PRNG_SET_SEED_64( state, seed ); }
504	uint64_t get_seed( PRNG64 & prng ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) with( prng ) { return seed; }
505	void ?{}( PRNG64 & prng, uint64_t seed ) with( prng ) { callcnt = 0; set_seed( prng, seed ); } // fixed seed
506	void ?{}( PRNG64 & prng ) with( prng ) { ?{}( prng, rdtscl() ); } // random seed
507	uint64_t prng( PRNG64 & prng ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) with( prng ) { callcnt += 1; return PRNG_NAME_64( state ); } // [0,UINT_MAX]
508	uint64_t prng( PRNG64 & prng, uint64_t u ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) { return prng( prng ) % u; } // [0,u)
509	uint64_t prng( PRNG64 & prng, uint64_t l, uint64_t u ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) { return prng( prng, u - l + 1 ) + l; } // [l,u]
510	uint64_t calls( PRNG64 & prng ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) with( prng ) { return callcnt; }
511	void copy( PRNG64 & dst, PRNG64 & src ) { dst = src; } // checkpoint PRNG state, use autogen assignment
512	} // distribution
513	void ?{}( PRNG64 &, PRNG64 & ) = void; // no copy, remove autogen copy constructor
514	PRNG64 & ?=?( PRNG64 &, const PRNG64 ) = void; // no assignment, remove autogen assignment
515
516	// Set default random-generator size.
517	#if defined( __x86_64__ ) \|\| defined( __aarch64__ ) // 64-bit architecture
518	#define PRNG PRNG64
519	#else // 32-bit architecture
520	#define PRNG PRNG32
521	#endif // __x86_64__
522
523	// Concurrent Pseudo Random-Number Generator : generate repeatable sequence of values that appear random.
524	//
525	// Interface :
526	// set_seed( 1009 ) - fixed seed for all kernel threads versus random seed
527	// get_seed() - read seed
528	// prng() - generate random value in range [0,UINT_MAX]
529	// prng( u ) - generate random value in range [0,u)
530	// prng( l, u ) - generate random value in range [l,u]
531	//
532	// Examples : generate random number between 5-21
533	// prng() % 17 + 5; values 0-16 + 5 = 5-21
534	// prng( 16 + 1 ) + 5;
535	// prng( 5, 21 );
536
537	// Harmonize with concurrency/thread.hfa.
538	void set_seed( size_t seed_ ) OPTIONAL_THREAD; // set global seed
539	size_t get_seed() __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )); // get global seed
540	size_t prng( void ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) OPTIONAL_THREAD; // [0,UINT_MAX]
541	static inline {
542	size_t prng( size_t u ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) { return prng() % u; } // [0,u)
543	size_t prng( size_t l, size_t u ) __attribute__(( warn_unused_result )) { return prng( u - l + 1 ) + l; } // [l,u]
544	} // distribution
545
546	//---------------------------------------
547
548	extern bool threading_enabled( void ) OPTIONAL_THREAD;
549
550	// Local Variables: //
551	// mode: c //
552	// tab-width: 4 //
553	// End: //

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