Changes in doc/uC++toCFA/uC++toCFA.tex [04375cf:8617ee90]

File:

• doc/uC++toCFA/uC++toCFA.tex (modified) (15 diffs)

doc/uC++toCFA/uC++toCFA.tex

@@ -11 +11 @@
 %% Created On       : Wed Apr  6 14:53:29 2016
 %% Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
-%% Last Modified On : Mon Sep  8 18:10:30 2025
-%% Update Count     : 6534
+%% Last Modified On : Sat Mar 15 13:38:53 2025
+%% Update Count     : 6302
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
+% requires tex packages: texlive-base texlive-latex-base tex-common texlive-humanities texlive-latex-extra texlive-fonts-recommended
 
 \documentclass[11pt]{article}
@@ -82 +83 @@
 \setlength{\topmargin}{-0.45in}                                                 % move running title into header
 \setlength{\headsep}{0.25in}
-\setlength{\tabcolsep}{15pt}
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@@ -134 +134 @@
 
 \maketitle
-\vspace*{-0.65in}
+\vspace*{-0.55in}
 
 \section{Introduction}
 
-\CFA is an extension of the C programming with a trait-style type-system rather then templates and objects as in \CC.
-\CFA allows overloading of variables and routines using the left-hand assignment type to precisely select among overloaded names.
-\begin{cfa}
-int x;  char x;  double x;    // overload name x
-int x();  double x();  char x();
-\end{cfa}
-\vspace*{-8pt}
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{1in}}|l@{}}
-\begin{cfa}
-x += 42;        $\C[1in]{// int x}$
-x += 42.2;      $\C{// double x}$
-x += 'a';       $\C{// char x}\CRT$
-\end{cfa}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-int j = x();    $\C[1in]{// int x()}$
-double j = x(); $\C{// double x();}$
-char j = x();   $\C{// char x()}\CRT$
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-\CFA generalizes reference types, allowing multiple and rebindable references (like pointers).
+\CFA is NOT an object-oriented programming-language.
+\CFA uses parametric polymorphism and allows overloading of variables and routines:
+\begin{cfa}
+int i;  char i;  double i;      $\C[2in]{// overload name i}$
+int i();  double i();  char i();
+i += 1;                                         $\C{// int i}$
+i += 1.0;                                       $\C{// double i}$
+i += 'a';                                       $\C{// char i}$
+int j = i();                            $\C{// int i()}$
+double j = i();                         $\C{// double i();}$
+char j = i();                           $\C{// char i()}\CRT$
+\end{cfa}
+\CFA has rebindable references.
 \begin{cquote}
 \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
@@ -175 +165 @@
 &
 \begin{cfa}
-r2i = 3;         $\C[0.875in]{// change x}$
+r2i = 3; $\C[1.0in]{// change x}$
 &r2i = &r1y; $\C{// change p2i / r2i}$
-r2i = 3;         $\C{// change y}$
+r2i = 3; $\C{// change y}$
 &r1x = &r1y; $\C{// change p1x / r1x}$
-r2i = 4;         $\C{// change y}$
+r2i = 4; $\C{// change y}$
 &r1x = @0p@; $\C{// reset}\CRT$
 \end{cfa}
@@ -189 +179 @@
 int & @const@ & @const@ crcr = cr; // generalize
 \end{cfa}
-
-
-\section{Control Flow}
-
-The @choose@ statement provides an implicit @break@ after the @case@ clause for safety.
-It is possible to @break default@ in a @case@ clause to transfer to common code in the @default@ clause.
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-switch ( i ) {
-  case 1: ... @break@; // explicit break
-  case 2: ... @break@; // explicit break
-  default: ... ;
-}
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-choose ( i ) {
-  case 1: ... ; // implicit break
-  case 2: ... ; // implicit break
-  default: ... ;
-}
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-To simplify creating an infinite loop, the loop condition in optional.
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-while ( true ) ...
-for ( ;; ) ...
-do ... while ( true )
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{uC++}
-while ($\,$) ...
-for ($\,$) ...
-do ... while ($\,$)
-\end{uC++}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-To simplify loop iteration a range is provided, from low to high, and a traversal direction, ascending (@+@) or descending (@-@).
-The following is the syntax for the loop range, where @[@\,@]@ means optional.
-\begin{cfa}[deletekeywords=default]
-[ @index ;@ ] [ [ @min@ (default 0) ] [ direction @+@/@-@ (default +) ] @~@ [ @=@ (include endpoint) ] ] @max@ [ @~ increment@ ]
-\end{cfa}
-For @=@, the range includes the endpoint (@max@/@min@) depending on the direction (@+@/@-@).
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-for ( int i = 0; i < @10@; i += 1 ) { ... }
-for ( int i = @5@; i < @15@; i += @2@ ) { ... }
-for ( int i = -2; i <@=@ 10; i += 3 ) { ... }
-for ( int i = 10; i > -3; i @-@= 1 ) { ... }
-for ( int i = 10; i >@=@ 0; i @-@= 1 ) { ... }
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-for ( @10@ ) { ... }  /  for ( i; @10@ ) { ... }  // 0 to 9 by 1
-for ( i; @5@ ~ @15@ ~ @2@ ) { ... } // 5 to 14 by 2
-for ( i; -2 ~@=@ 10 ~ 3 ) { ... } // -2 to 10 by 3
-for ( i; -3 @-@~ 10 ) { ... } // not 10 -~= -3, 10 to -2 by -1
-for ( i; 0 @-@~@=@ 10 ) { ... } // not 10 -~= 0, 10 to 0 by -1
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-A terminating loop @else@ (like Python) is executed if the loop terminates normally, \ie the loop conditional becomes false, which is safer than retesting after the loop.
-The loop index is available in the @else@ clause.
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-int i = 0
-for ( i = 0; i < 10; i += 1 ) { ... }
-@if ( i == 10 )@ { ... }
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-
-for ( i; 10 ) { ... }
-@else@ { ... } // i == 10 because of post increment
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-Single/multiple-level loop exit/continue is provided by the labelled @break@/@continue@. (First example is \CC.)
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l|l@{}}
-\begin{C++}
-@L1:@ for ( ;; ) {
-        for ( ;; ) {
-                ... if ( ... ) @goto L1@; ...
-                ... if ( ... ) @goto L2@; ...
-        } @L2: ;@
-}
-\end{C++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-@L1:@ for () {
-        @L2:@ for () {
-                ... if ( ... ) @continue L1@; ...
-                ... if ( ... ) @break L2@; ...
-        }
-}
-\end{cfa}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-@L1:@ for () {
-        @L2:@ for () {
-                ... if ( ... ) @continue L1@; ...
-                ... if ( ... ) @break L2@; ...
-        }
-}
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-
-
-\section{Exception}
-
-Currently, \CFA uses macros @ExceptionDecl@ and @ExceptionInst@ to declare and instantiate an exception.
-\begin{cquote}
-\setlength{\tabcolsep}{5pt}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-
-@_Exception@ E {        // local or global scope
-        ... // exception fields
-};
-try {
-        ... if ( ... ) @_Resume@ E( /* initialization */ ); ...
-        ... if ( ... ) @_Throw@ E( /* initialization */ ); ...
-} @_CatchResume@( E & /* reference */ ) { ... }
-  catch( E & ) { ... }
-  catch( ... /* catch any */ ) { ... }
-  _Finally { ... }
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-#include <Exception.hfa>
-@ExceptionDecl@( E,             // must be global scope
-        ... // exception fields
-);
-try {
-        ... if ( ... ) @throwResume@ @ExceptionInst@( E, /* intialization */ ); ...
-        ... if ( ... ) @throw@ @ExceptionInst@( E, /* intialization */ ); ...
-} @catchResume@( E @*@ /* pointer */ ) { ... }
-  catch( E * ) { ... }
-  catch( exception_t @*@ /* catch any */ ) { ... }
-  finally { ... }
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-
-
-\section{Non-local Exception}
-
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-
-
-void main() {
-        try {
-                _Enable {
-                        ... suspend(); ...
-                }
-        } @_CatchResume@( E & /* reference */ ) { ... }
-          catch( E & ) { ... }
-}
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-#define resumePoll( coroutine ) resume( coroutine ); poll()
-#define suspendPoll suspend; poll()
-void main() {
-        try {
-                enable_ehm();
-                ... suspendPoll ...
-                disable_ehm();
-        } @catchResume@( E * ) { ... }
-          catch( E & ) { ... }
-}
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-
-
-\section{Stream I/O}
-
-\CFA output streams automatically separate values and insert a newline at the end of the print.
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-#include <@iostream@>
-using namespace std;
-int i;   double d;   char c;
-cin >> i >> d >> c;
-cout << i << ' ' << d << ' ' << c << endl;
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-#include <@fstream.hfa@>
-
-int i;   double d;   char c;
-sin | i | d | c;
-sout | i | d | c
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-To disable/enable automatic newline at the end of printing, use @nlOff@/@nlOn@ and @nl@.
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-
-for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i += 1 ) cout << i << ' ';
-cout << @endl@;
-0 1 2 3 4 
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-sout | @nlOff@; // disable auto nl
-for ( i; 5 ) sout | i;
-sout | @nl@; sout | @nlOn@;  // enable auto nl
-0 1 2 3 4 
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-Floating-point numbers without a fraction print with a decimal point, which can be disabled with @nodp@.
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-cout << 3.0 << ' ' << showpoint << setprecision(0) << 3.0 << endl;
-3 3.
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-sout | @nodp( 3.0 )@ | 3.0;
-3 3.
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-
-
-\section{String}
-
-The @string@ type in \CFA is very similar to that in \CC.
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\multicolumn{2}{@{}l@{}}{\lstinline{string s1, s2;}} \\
-\begin{uC++}
-s1 = "abcdefg";
-s2 = s1;
-s1 += s2;
-s1 == s2; s1 != s2;
-s1 < s2;  s1 <= s2;  s1 > s2;  s1 >= s2;
-s1.length();
-s1[3];
-s1.substr( 2 );  s1.substr( 2, 3 );
-s1.replace( 2, 5, s2 );
-s1.find( s2 );
-s1.find_first_of( "cd" );
-s1.find_first_not_of( "cd" );
-getline( cin, s1 );
-cout << s1 << endl;
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-s1 = "abcdefg";
-s2 = s1;
-s1 += s2;
-s1 == s2; s1 != s2;
-s1 < s2;  s1 <= s2;  s1 > s2;  s1 >= s2;
-len( s1 ); // like C strlen( s1 )
-s1[3];
-s1( 2 );  s1( 2, 3 );
-s1( 2, 5 ) = s2;
-find( s1, s2 );
-exclude( s1, "cd" );  // longest sequence excluding "c" and "d"
-include( s1, "cd" );  // longest sequence including "c" and "d"
-sin | getline( s1 );
-sout | s1;
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-
-
-\section{\texorpdfstring{\lstinline{uArray}}{uArray}}
-
-\begin{cquote}
-\setlength{\tabcolsep}{5pt}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-struct S {
-        int i;
-        S( int i ) { S::i = i; }
-};
-void f( @uArrayRef( S, parm )@ );
-int main() {
-        enum { N = 5 };
-        @uArray( S, s, N );@   // stack, no ctor calls
-        for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) @s[i]( i )@; // ctor calls
-        for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) cout << s[i]@->@i << endl;
-        f( s );
-        @uArrayPtr( S, sp, N );@   // heap, no ctor calls
-        for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) @sp[i]( i )@; // ctor calls
-        for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) cout << sp[i]@->@i << endl;
-        f( sp );
-} // delete s, sp
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-#include <fstream.hfa>
-#include <array.hfa>
-#include <memory.hfa>
-struct S {
-        int i;
-};
-void ?{}( S & s, int i ) { s.i = i; }
-@forall( [N] )@ void f( @array( S, N ) & parm@ ) {}
-int main() {
-        enum { N = 5 };
-        @array( S, N ) s = { delay_init };@ // no ctor calls
-        for ( i; N ) @s[i]{ i }@; // ctor calls
-        for ( i; N ) sout | s[i]@.@i;
-        f( s );
-    @unique_ptr( array( S, N ) )@ sp = { delay_init }; // heap
-    for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) @(*sp)@[i]{ i }; // ctor calls
-    for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) sout | @(*sp)@[i].i;
-        f( @*sp@ );
-} // delete s, sp
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-
-
-\section{\texorpdfstring{Structures (object-oriented \protect\vs routine style)}{Structures (object-oriented vs. routine style)}}
-
-\CFA is NOT an object-oriented programming-language, so there is no receiver (\lstinline[language=c++]{this}) or nested structure routines.
-The equivalent of a \emph{member} routine has an explicit structure parameter in any parameter position (often the first).
-\begin{cquote}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
-struct S {
-        int i = 0;  // cheat, implicit default constructor
-        int setter( int j ) { int t = i; i = j; return t; }
-        int getter() { return i; }
-};
-S s;
-@s.@setter( 3 );  // object calls
-int k = @s.@getter();
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-struct S {  int i;  };
-void ?{}( S & s ) { s.i = 0; } // explicit default constructor
-int setter( @S & s,@ int j ) @with( s )@ { int t = i; i = j; return t; }
-int getter( @S & s@ ) @with( s )@ { return i; }
-
-S s;
-setter( @s,@ 3 );  // normal calls
-int k = getter( @s@ );
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
 Aggregate qualification is reduced or eliminated by opening scopes using the @with@ clause.
 \begin{cfa}
@@ -570 +194 @@
 \end{cfa}
 \noindent
-In subsequent code examples, the left example is \CC/\uC and the right example is \CFA.
+In subsequent code examples, the left example is \uC and the right example is \CFA.
+
+
+\section{Looping}
+
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+for ( @;;@ ) { ... }  /  while ( @true@ ) { ... }
+for ( int i = 0; i < @10@; i += 1 ) { ... }
+for ( int i = @5@; i < @15@; i += @2@ ) { ... }
+for ( int i = -1; i <@=@ 10; i += 3 ) { ... }
+for ( int i = 10; i > 0; i @-@= 1 ) { ... }
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+for () { ... }  /  while () { ... }
+for ( @10@ ) { ... }  /  for ( i; @10@ ) { ... }
+for ( i; @5@ ~ @15@ ~ @2@ ) { ... }
+for ( i; -1 ~@=@ 10 ~ 3 ) { ... }
+for ( i; 0 @-@~ 10 ) { ... }
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+int i = 0
+for ( i = 0; i < 10; i += 1 ) { ... }
+@if ( i == 10 )@ { ... }
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+
+for ( i; 10 ) { ... }
+@else@ { ... } // i == 10
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+@L1:@ for ( ;; ) {
+        @L2:@ for ( ;; ) {
+                ... if ( ... ) @break L1@; ...
+                ... if ( ... ) @break L2@; ...
+        }
+}
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+@L1:@ for () {
+        @L2:@ for () {
+                ... if ( ... ) @break L1@; ...
+                ... if ( ... ) @break L2@; ...
+        }
+}
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+
+\section{Stream I/O}
+
+\CFA output streams automatically separate values and insert a newline at the end of the print.
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+#include <@iostream@>
+using namespace std;
+int i;   double d;   char c;
+cin >> i >> d >> c;
+cout << i << ' ' << d << ' ' << c << endl;
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+#include <@fstream.hfa@>
+
+int i;   double d;   char c;
+sin | i | d | c;
+sout | i | d | c
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+To disable/enable automatic newline at the end of printing, use @nlOff@/@nlOn@ and @nl@.
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+
+for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i += 1 ) cout << i << ' ';
+cout << @endl@;
+
+0 1 2 3 4 
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+sout | @nlOff@; // disable auto nl
+for ( i; 5 ) sout | i;
+sout | @nl@;
+sout | @nlOn@;  // reenable auto nl
+0 1 2 3 4 
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+Floating-point numbers without a fraction print with a decimal point, which can be disabled with @nodp@.
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+cout << 3.0 << ' ' << showpoint << setprecision(0) << 3.0 << endl;
+3 3.
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+sout | @nodp( 3.0 )@ | 3.0;
+3 3.
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+
+\section{Exception}
+
+Currently, \CFA uses macros @ExceptionDecl@ and @ExceptionInst@ to declare and instantiate an exception.
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+
+@_Exception@ E {        // local or global scope
+        ... // exception fields
+};
+try {
+        ...
+        if ( ... ) @_Resume@ E( /* initialization */ );
+        if ( ... ) @_Throw@ E( /* initialization */ );
+                ...
+} @_CatchResume@( E & /* reference */ ) { ... }
+  catch( E & ) { ... }
+  catch( ... /* catch any */ ) { ... }
+  _Finally { ... }
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+#include <Exception.hfa>
+@ExceptionDecl@( E,             // must be global scope
+        ... // exception fields
+);
+try {
+        ...
+        if ( ... ) @throwResume@ @ExceptionInst@( E, /* intialization */ );
+        if ( ... ) @throw@ @ExceptionInst@( E, /* intialization */ );
+        ...
+} @catchResume@( E @*@ /* pointer */ ) { ... }
+  catch( E * ) { ... }
+  catch( exception_t @*@ /* catch any */ ) { ... }
+  finally { ... }
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+
+\section{Non-local Exception}
+
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+
+
+void main() {
+        try {
+                _Enable {
+                        ... suspend(); ...
+                }
+        } @_CatchResume@( E & /* reference */ ) { ... }
+          catch( E & ) { ... }
+}
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+#define resumePoll( coroutine ) resume( coroutine ); poll()
+#define suspendPoll suspend; poll()
+void main() {
+        try {
+                enable_ehm();
+                ... suspendPoll ...
+                disable_ehm();
+        } @catchResume@( E * ) { ... }
+          catch( E & ) { ... }
+}
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
 
 
 \section{Constructor / Destructor}
 
-A constructor/destructor must have its structure type as the first parameter and be a reference.
 \begin{cquote}
 \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
@@ -604 +419 @@
 struct S { int i, j; };
 
-void @?{}@( @S & s@ ) { s.i = s.j = 3; } $\C[3in]{// default}$
-void @?{}@( @S & s@, int i, int j ) { s.i = i; s.j = j; } $\C{// initializer}$
-void @?{}@( @S & s@, const S rhs ) { ?{}( s, rhs.i, rhs.j ); } $\C{// copy}$
-void @^?{}@( @S & s@ ) { s.i = 0; s.j = 0; } $\C{// destructor}\CRT$
+void @?{}@( S & s ) { s.i = s.j = 3; } $\C[3in]{// default}$
+void @?{}@( S & s, int i, int j ) { s.i = i; s.j = j; } $\C{// initializer}$
+void @?{}@( S & s, const S rhs ) { s.[i,j] = rhs.[i,j]; } $\C{// copy}$
+void @^?{}@( S & s ) { s.i = 0; s.j = 0; } $\C{// destructor}\CRT$
 
 S s0;
 S s1 = { 1, 2 };
-// bug, cannot use 0/1 (zero_t/one_t) with "new"
-S * s2 = new( 0@n@, 2 ); // suffix n => (natural int)
+// cannot use 0/1 (zero_t/one_t) with "new"
+S * s2 = new( 1@n@, 2 ); // n => (int) 
 delete( s2 );
-s2 = new( 1@n@, 2 );
+s2 = new( 1n, 2 );
 delete( s2 );
-S & s3 = *new( 2, 2 );
+S & s3 = *new( 1n, 2 );
 delete( &s3 );
-&s3 = &*new( 3, 2 );
+&s3 = &*new( 1n, 2 );
 delete( &s3 );
 \end{cfa}
@@ -625 +440 @@
 
 
+\section{\texorpdfstring{Structures (object-oriented \protect\vs routine style)}{Structures (object-oriented vs. routine style)}}
+
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+struct S {
+        int i = 0;  // cheat, implicit default constructor
+        int setter( int j ) { int t = i; i = j; return t; }
+        int getter() { return i; }
+};
+S s;
+@s.@setter( 3 );  // object calls
+int k = @s.@getter();
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+struct S {  int i;  };
+void ?{}( S & s ) { s.i = 0; } // explicit default constructor
+int setter( @S & s,@ int j ) @with( s )@ { int t = i; i = j; return t; }
+int getter( @S & s@ ) @with( s )@ { return i; }
+
+S s;
+setter( @s,@ 3 );  // normal calls
+int k = getter( @s@ );
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+
+\section{String}
+
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\multicolumn{2}{@{}l@{}}{\lstinline{string s1, s2;}} \\
+\begin{uC++}
+s1 = "abcdefg";
+s2 = s1;
+s1 += s2;
+s1 == s2; s1 != s2;
+s1 < s2; s1 <= s2; s1 > s2; s1 >= s2;
+s1.length();
+s1[3];
+s1.substr( 2 ); s1.substr( 2, 3 );
+s1.replace( 2, 5, s2 );
+s1.find( s2 ); s1.rfind( s2 );
+s1.find_first_of( s2 ); s1.find_last_of( s2 );
+s1.find_first_not_of( s2 ); s1.find_last_not_of( s2 );
+getline( cin, s1 );
+cout << s1 << endl;
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+s1 = "abcdefg";
+s2 = s1;
+s1 += s2;
+s1 == s2; s1 != s2;
+s1 < s2; s1 <= s2; s1 > s2; s1 >= s2;
+size( s1 );
+s1[3];
+s1( 2 ); s1( 2, 3 );
+// replace( s1, 2, 5, s2 );
+// find( s1, s2 ), rfind( s1, s2 );
+// find_first_of( s2 ); find_last_of( s2 );
+// find_first_not_of( s1, s2 ); find_last_not_of( s1, s2 );
+sin | getline( s1 );
+sout | s1;
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+
+\section{\texorpdfstring{\lstinline{uArray}}{uArray}}
+
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
+\begin{uC++}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+struct S {
+        int i;
+        S( int i ) { S::i = i; cout << "ctor " << S::i << endl; }
+        ~S() { S::i = i; cout << "dtor " << S::i << endl; }
+};
+int main() {
+        enum { N = 5 };
+        @uArray( S, s, N );@   // no constructor calls
+        for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) @s[i]( i )@; // constructor calls
+        for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) cout << s[i]@->@i << endl;
+}
+\end{uC++}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+#include <fstream.hfa>
+#include <array.hfa>
+struct S {
+        int i;
+};
+void ?{}( S & s, int i ) { s.i = i; sout | "ctor" | s.i; }
+void ^?{}( S & s ) { sout | "dtor" | s.i; }
+int main() {
+        enum { N = 5 };
+        @array( S, N ) s = { delay_init };@ // no constructor calls
+        for ( i; N ) @s[i]{ i }@; // constructor calls
+        for ( i; N ) sout | s[i]@.@i;
+}
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+
 \section{Coroutine}
 
@@ -630 +555 @@
 \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
 \begin{uC++}
+
 @_Coroutine@ C {
         // private coroutine fields
@@ -722 +648 @@
                 val( val ) {}
 };
-\end{uC++}
-&
-\begin{cfa}
-#include <fstream.hfa>
-#include <mutex_stmt.hfa>
-#include <actor.hfa>
-
-struct StrMsg {
-        @inline message;@ // derived message
-        const char * val; // string message
-};
-void ?{}( StrMsg & msg, const char * str ) {
-        @set_allocation( msg, Delete );@ // delete after use
-        msg.val = str;
-}
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
-\begin{uC++}
 _Actor Hello { ${\color{red}\LstCommentStyle{// : public uActor}}$
         Allocation receive( Message & msg ) {
@@ -764 +671 @@
 &
 \begin{cfa}
+#include <fstream.hfa>
+#include <mutex_stmt.hfa>
+#include <actor.hfa>
+
+struct StrMsg {
+        @inline message;@ // derived message
+        const char * val; // string message
+};
+void ?{}( StrMsg & msg, const char * str ) {
+        @set_allocation( msg, Delete );@ // delete after use
+        msg.val = str;
+}
 struct Hello { @inline actor;@ }; // derived actor
 allocation receive( Hello & receiver, @start_msg_t@ & ) {
@@ -841 +760 @@
 #include <locks.hfa>
 owner_lock m;
-cond_lock( owner_lock ) s;  // generic type on mutex lock
+condition_variable( owner_lock ) s;  // generic type on mutex lock
 lock( m );
 if ( ! empty( s ) ) wait( s, m );
@@ -880 +799 @@
 enum { N = 3 };
 Barrier b{ N };
+
+_Task T {
+        void main() {
+                for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i += 1 ) {
+                        b.block( 1 );
+                }
+        }
+};
+int main() {
+        uProcessor p[N - 1];
+        T t[N];
+}
 \end{uC++}
 &
@@ -905 +836 @@
 enum { N = 3 };
 Barrier b{ N };
-\end{cfa}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{cquote}
-
-
-\enlargethispage{1000pt}
+
+thread T {};
+void main( T & ) {
+        for ( 10 ) {
+                block( b, 1 );
+        }
+}
+
+int main() {
+        processor p[N - 1];
+        T t[N];
+}
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{cquote}
+
+\newpage
 
 \section{Monitor}
@@ -979 +921 @@
 \end{cquote}
 
-\newpage
+\enlargethispage{1000pt}
+
 \noindent
 External Scheduling