Changes in / [c95b115:490db327]

Location:

src

Files:

• Concurrency/Keywords.cc (modified) (1 diff)
• InitTweak/GenInit.cc (modified) (3 diffs)
• InitTweak/InitTweak.cc (modified) (3 diffs)
• ResolvExpr/AlternativeFinder.cc (modified) (7 diffs)
• ResolvExpr/AlternativeFinder.h (modified) (2 diffs)
• ResolvExpr/TypeEnvironment.cc (modified) (1 diff)
• ResolvExpr/TypeEnvironment.h (modified) (1 diff)
• SymTab/Mangler.cc (modified) (3 diffs)
• SymTab/Mangler.h (modified) (3 diffs)
• Tuples/TupleAssignment.cc (modified) (11 diffs)
• Tuples/Tuples.h (modified) (2 diffs)
• benchmark/Makefile.am (modified) (3 diffs)
• benchmark/Makefile.in (modified) (4 diffs)
• benchmark/compile/empty.c (added)
• benchmark/creation/cfa_cor.c (modified) (1 diff)
• libcfa/Makefile.am (modified) (1 diff)
• libcfa/Makefile.in (modified) (2 diffs)
• libcfa/bits/containers.h (added)
• libcfa/bits/defs.h (added)
• libcfa/bits/locks.h (added)
• libcfa/concurrency/alarm.c (modified) (3 diffs)
• libcfa/concurrency/invoke.h (modified) (4 diffs)
• libcfa/concurrency/kernel (modified) (3 diffs)
• libcfa/concurrency/kernel.c (modified) (17 diffs)
• libcfa/concurrency/kernel_private.h (modified) (2 diffs)
• libcfa/concurrency/monitor.c (modified) (14 diffs)
• libcfa/concurrency/preemption.c (modified) (1 diff)
• prelude/builtins.c (modified) (1 diff)

src/Concurrency/Keywords.cc

@@ -553 +553 @@
                         ),
                         new ListInit(
-                                map_range < std::list<Initializer*> > ( args, [this](DeclarationWithType * var ){
+                                map_range < std::list<Initializer*> > ( args, [](DeclarationWithType * var ){
                                         Type * type = var->get_type()->clone();
                                         type->set_mutex( false );

src/InitTweak/GenInit.cc

@@ -214 +214 @@
                 }
                 // a type is managed if it appears in the map of known managed types, or if it contains any polymorphism (is a type variable or generic type containing a type variable)
-                return managedTypes.find( SymTab::Mangler::mangle( type ) ) != managedTypes.end() || GenPoly::isPolyType( type );
+                return managedTypes.find( SymTab::Mangler::mangleConcrete( type ) ) != managedTypes.end() || GenPoly::isPolyType( type );
         }
 
@@ -232 +232 @@
                         Type * type = InitTweak::getPointerBase( params.front()->get_type() );
                         assert( type );
-                        managedTypes.insert( SymTab::Mangler::mangle( type ) );
+                        managedTypes.insert( SymTab::Mangler::mangleConcrete( type ) );
                 }
         }
@@ -242 +242 @@
                         if ( ObjectDecl * field = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl * >( member ) ) {
                                 if ( isManaged( field ) ) {
+                                        // generic parameters should not play a role in determining whether a generic type is constructed - construct all generic types, so that
+                                        // polymorphic constructors make generic types managed types
                                         StructInstType inst( Type::Qualifiers(), aggregateDecl );
-                                        managedTypes.insert( SymTab::Mangler::mangle( &inst ) );
+                                        managedTypes.insert( SymTab::Mangler::mangleConcrete( &inst ) );
                                         break;
                                 }

src/InitTweak/InitTweak.cc

@@ -98 +98 @@
         class InitExpander::ExpanderImpl {
         public:
+                virtual ~ExpanderImpl() = default;
                 virtual std::list< Expression * > next( std::list< Expression * > & indices ) = 0;
                 virtual Statement * buildListInit( UntypedExpr * callExpr, std::list< Expression * > & indices ) = 0;
@@ -105 +106 @@
         public:
                 InitImpl( Initializer * init ) : init( init ) {}
+                virtual ~InitImpl() = default;
 
                 virtual std::list< Expression * > next( __attribute((unused)) std::list< Expression * > & indices ) {
@@ -121 +123 @@
         public:
                 ExprImpl( Expression * expr ) : arg( expr ) {}
-
-                ~ExprImpl() { delete arg; }
+                virtual ~ExprImpl() { delete arg; }
 
                 virtual std::list< Expression * > next( std::list< Expression * > & indices ) {

src/ResolvExpr/AlternativeFinder.cc

@@ -22 +22 @@
 #include <memory>                  // for allocator_traits<>::value_type
 #include <utility>                 // for pair
+#include <vector>                  // for vector
 
 #include "Alternative.h"           // for AltList, Alternative
@@ -333 +334 @@
                 tmpCost.incPoly( -tmpCost.get_polyCost() );
                 if ( tmpCost != Cost::zero ) {
-                // if ( convCost != Cost::zero ) {
                         Type *newType = formalType->clone();
                         env.apply( newType );
@@ -405 +405 @@
 ///     needAssertions.insert( needAssertions.end(), (*tyvar)->get_assertions().begin(), (*tyvar)->get_assertions().end() );
                 }
-        }
-
-        /// instantiate a single argument by matching actuals from [actualIt, actualEnd) against formalType,
-        /// producing expression(s) in out and their total cost in cost.
-        template< typename AltIterator, typename OutputIterator >
-        bool instantiateArgument( Type * formalType, Initializer * defaultValue, AltIterator & actualIt, AltIterator actualEnd, OpenVarSet & openVars, TypeEnvironment & resultEnv, AssertionSet & resultNeed, AssertionSet & resultHave, const SymTab::Indexer & indexer, Cost & cost, OutputIterator out ) {
-                if ( TupleType * tupleType = dynamic_cast< TupleType * >( formalType ) ) {
-                        // formalType is a TupleType - group actuals into a TupleExpr whose type unifies with the TupleType
-                        std::list< Expression * > exprs;
-                        for ( Type * type : *tupleType ) {
-                                if ( ! instantiateArgument( type, defaultValue, actualIt, actualEnd, openVars, resultEnv, resultNeed, resultHave, indexer, cost, back_inserter( exprs ) ) ) {
-                                        deleteAll( exprs );
-                                        return false;
-                                }
-                        }
-                        *out++ = new TupleExpr( exprs );
-                } else if ( TypeInstType * ttype = Tuples::isTtype( formalType ) ) {
-                        // xxx - mixing default arguments with variadic??
-                        std::list< Expression * > exprs;
-                        for ( ; actualIt != actualEnd; ++actualIt ) {
-                                exprs.push_back( actualIt->expr->clone() );
-                                cost += actualIt->cost;
-                        }
-                        Expression * arg = nullptr;
-                        if ( exprs.size() == 1 && Tuples::isTtype( exprs.front()->get_result() ) ) {
-                                // the case where a ttype value is passed directly is special, e.g. for argument forwarding purposes
-                                // xxx - what if passing multiple arguments, last of which is ttype?
-                                // xxx - what would happen if unify was changed so that unifying tuple types flattened both before unifying lists? then pass in TupleType(ttype) below.
-                                arg = exprs.front();
-                        } else {
-                                arg = new TupleExpr( exprs );
-                        }
-                        assert( arg && arg->get_result() );
-                        if ( ! unify( ttype, arg->get_result(), resultEnv, resultNeed, resultHave, openVars, indexer ) ) {
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                        *out++ = arg;
-                } else if ( actualIt != actualEnd ) {
-                        // both actualType and formalType are atomic (non-tuple) types - if they unify
-                        // then accept actual as an argument, otherwise return false (fail to instantiate argument)
-                        Expression * actual = actualIt->expr;
-                        Type * actualType = actual->get_result();
-
-                        PRINT(
-                                std::cerr << "formal type is ";
-                                formalType->print( std::cerr );
-                                std::cerr << std::endl << "actual type is ";
-                                actualType->print( std::cerr );
-                                std::cerr << std::endl;
-                        )
-                        if ( ! unify( formalType, actualType, resultEnv, resultNeed, resultHave, openVars, indexer ) ) {
-                                // std::cerr << "unify failed" << std::endl;
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                        // move the expression from the alternative to the output iterator
-                        *out++ = actual;
-                        actualIt->expr = nullptr;
-                        cost += actualIt->cost;
-                        ++actualIt;
-                } else {
-                        // End of actuals - Handle default values
-                        if ( SingleInit *si = dynamic_cast<SingleInit *>( defaultValue )) {
-                                if ( CastExpr * castExpr = dynamic_cast< CastExpr * >( si->get_value() ) ) {
-                                        // so far, only constant expressions are accepted as default values
-                                        if ( ConstantExpr *cnstexpr = dynamic_cast<ConstantExpr *>( castExpr->get_arg() ) ) {
-                                                if ( Constant *cnst = dynamic_cast<Constant *>( cnstexpr->get_constant() ) ) {
-                                                        if ( unify( formalType, cnst->get_type(), resultEnv, resultNeed, resultHave, openVars, indexer ) ) {
-                                                                *out++ = cnstexpr->clone();
-                                                                return true;
-                                                        } // if
-                                                } // if
-                                        } // if
-                                }
-                        } // if
-                        return false;
-                } // if
-                return true;
-        }
-
-        bool AlternativeFinder::instantiateFunction( std::list< DeclarationWithType* >& formals, const AltList &actuals, bool isVarArgs, OpenVarSet& openVars, TypeEnvironment &resultEnv, AssertionSet &resultNeed, AssertionSet &resultHave, AltList & out ) {
-                simpleCombineEnvironments( actuals.begin(), actuals.end(), resultEnv );
-                // make sure we don't widen any existing bindings
-                for ( TypeEnvironment::iterator i = resultEnv.begin(); i != resultEnv.end(); ++i ) {
-                        i->allowWidening = false;
-                }
-                resultEnv.extractOpenVars( openVars );
-
-                // flatten actuals so that each actual has an atomic (non-tuple) type
-                AltList exploded;
-                Tuples::explode( actuals, indexer, back_inserter( exploded ) );
-
-                AltList::iterator actualExpr = exploded.begin();
-                AltList::iterator actualEnd = exploded.end();
-                for ( DeclarationWithType * formal : formals ) {
-                        // match flattened actuals with formal parameters - actuals will be grouped to match
-                        // with formals as appropriate
-                        Cost cost = Cost::zero;
-                        std::list< Expression * > newExprs;
-                        ObjectDecl * obj = strict_dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl * >( formal );
-                        if ( ! instantiateArgument( obj->get_type(), obj->get_init(), actualExpr, actualEnd, openVars, resultEnv, resultNeed, resultHave, indexer, cost, back_inserter( newExprs ) ) ) {
-                                deleteAll( newExprs );
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                        // success - produce argument as a new alternative
-                        assert( newExprs.size() == 1 );
-                        out.push_back( Alternative( newExprs.front(), resultEnv, cost ) );
-                }
-                if ( actualExpr != actualEnd ) {
-                        // there are still actuals remaining, but we've run out of formal parameters to match against
-                        // this is okay only if the function is variadic
-                        if ( ! isVarArgs ) {
-                                return false;
-                        }
-                        out.splice( out.end(), exploded, actualExpr, actualEnd );
-                }
-                return true;
         }
 
@@ -675 +559 @@
         }
 
-        template< typename OutputIterator >
-        void AlternativeFinder::makeFunctionAlternatives( const Alternative &func, FunctionType *funcType, const AltList &actualAlt, OutputIterator out ) {
-                OpenVarSet openVars;
-                AssertionSet resultNeed, resultHave;
-                TypeEnvironment resultEnv( func.env );
-                makeUnifiableVars( funcType, openVars, resultNeed );
-                resultEnv.add( funcType->get_forall() ); // add all type variables as open variables now so that those not used in the parameter list are still considered open
-                AltList instantiatedActuals; // filled by instantiate function
+        /// Gets a default value from an initializer, nullptr if not present
+        ConstantExpr* getDefaultValue( Initializer* init ) {
+                if ( SingleInit* si = dynamic_cast<SingleInit*>( init ) ) {
+                        if ( CastExpr* ce = dynamic_cast<CastExpr*>( si->get_value() ) ) {
+                                return dynamic_cast<ConstantExpr*>( ce->get_arg() );
+                        }
+                }
+                return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        /// State to iteratively build a match of parameter expressions to arguments
+        struct ArgPack {
+                AltList actuals;                 ///< Arguments included in this pack
+                TypeEnvironment env;             ///< Environment for this pack
+                AssertionSet need;               ///< Assertions outstanding for this pack
+                AssertionSet have;               ///< Assertions found for this pack
+                OpenVarSet openVars;             ///< Open variables for this pack
+                unsigned nextArg;                ///< Index of next argument in arguments list
+                std::vector<Alternative> expls;  ///< Exploded actuals left over from last match
+                unsigned nextExpl;               ///< Index of next exploded alternative to use
+                std::vector<unsigned> tupleEls;  /// Number of elements in current tuple element(s)
+
+                ArgPack(const TypeEnvironment& env, const AssertionSet& need, const AssertionSet& have, 
+                                const OpenVarSet& openVars)
+                        : actuals(), env(env), need(need), have(have), openVars(openVars), nextArg(0),
+                          expls(), nextExpl(0), tupleEls() {}
+                
+                /// Starts a new tuple expression
+                void beginTuple() {
+                        if ( ! tupleEls.empty() ) ++tupleEls.back();
+                        tupleEls.push_back(0);
+                }
+
+                /// Ends a tuple expression, consolidating the appropriate actuals
+                void endTuple() {
+                        // set up new Tuple alternative
+                        std::list<Expression*> exprs;
+                        Cost cost = Cost::zero;
+
+                        // transfer elements into alternative
+                        for (unsigned i = 0; i < tupleEls.back(); ++i) {
+                                exprs.push_front( actuals.back().expr );
+                                actuals.back().expr = nullptr;
+                                cost += actuals.back().cost;
+                                actuals.pop_back();
+                        }
+                        tupleEls.pop_back();
+
+                        // build new alternative
+                        actuals.emplace_back( new TupleExpr( exprs ), this->env, cost );
+                }
+
+                /// Clones and adds an actual, returns this
+                ArgPack& withArg( Expression* expr, Cost cost = Cost::zero ) {
+                        actuals.emplace_back( expr->clone(), this->env, cost );
+                        if ( ! tupleEls.empty() ) ++tupleEls.back();
+                        return *this;
+                }
+        };
+
+        /// Instantiates an argument to match a formal, returns false if no results left
+        bool instantiateArgument( Type* formalType, Initializer* initializer, 
+                        const std::vector< AlternativeFinder >& args, 
+                        std::vector<ArgPack>& results, std::vector<ArgPack>& nextResults, 
+                        const SymTab::Indexer& indexer ) {
+                if ( TupleType* tupleType = dynamic_cast<TupleType*>( formalType ) ) {
+                        // formalType is a TupleType - group actuals into a TupleExpr
+                        for ( ArgPack& result : results ) { result.beginTuple(); }
+                        for ( Type* type : *tupleType ) {
+                                // xxx - dropping initializer changes behaviour from previous, but seems correct
+                                if ( ! instantiateArgument( type, nullptr, args, results, nextResults, indexer ) ) 
+                                        return false;
+                        }
+                        for ( ArgPack& result : results ) { result.endTuple(); }
+                        return true;
+                } else if ( TypeInstType* ttype = Tuples::isTtype( formalType ) ) {
+                        // formalType is a ttype, consumes all remaining arguments
+                        // xxx - mixing default arguments with variadic??
+                        std::vector<ArgPack> finalResults{};  /// list of completed tuples
+                        // start tuples
+                        for ( ArgPack& result : results ) {
+                                result.beginTuple();
+
+                                // use rest of exploded tuple if present
+                                while ( result.nextExpl < result.expls.size() ) {
+                                        const Alternative& actual = result.expls[result.nextExpl];
+                                        result.env.addActual( actual.env, result.openVars );
+                                        result.withArg( actual.expr );
+                                        ++result.nextExpl;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        // iterate until all results completed
+                        while ( ! results.empty() ) {
+                                // add another argument to results
+                                for ( ArgPack& result : results ) {
+                                        // finish result when out of arguments
+                                        if ( result.nextArg >= args.size() ) {
+                                                Type* argType = result.actuals.back().expr->get_result();
+                                                if ( result.tupleEls.back() == 1 && Tuples::isTtype( argType ) ) {
+                                                        // the case where a ttype value is passed directly is special, e.g. for 
+                                                        // argument forwarding purposes
+                                                        // xxx - what if passing multiple arguments, last of which is ttype?
+                                                        // xxx - what would happen if unify was changed so that unifying tuple 
+                                                        // types flattened both before unifying lists? then pass in TupleType
+                                                        // (ttype) below.
+                                                        result.tupleEls.pop_back();
+                                                } else {
+                                                        // collapse leftover arguments into tuple
+                                                        result.endTuple();
+                                                        argType = result.actuals.back().expr->get_result();
+                                                }
+                                                // check unification for ttype before adding to final
+                                                if ( unify( ttype, argType, result.env, result.need, result.have, 
+                                                                result.openVars, indexer ) ) {
+                                                        finalResults.push_back( std::move(result) );
+                                                }
+                                                continue;
+                                        }
+
+                                        // add each possible next argument
+                                        for ( const Alternative& actual : args[result.nextArg] ) {
+                                                ArgPack aResult = result;  // copy to clone everything
+                                                // add details of actual to result
+                                                aResult.env.addActual( actual.env, aResult.openVars );
+                                                Cost cost = actual.cost;
+                
+                                                // explode argument
+                                                std::vector<Alternative> exploded;
+                                                Tuples::explode( actual, indexer, back_inserter( exploded ) );
+                                                
+                                                // add exploded argument to tuple
+                                                for ( Alternative& aActual : exploded ) {
+                                                        aResult.withArg( aActual.expr, cost );
+                                                        cost = Cost::zero;
+                                                }
+                                                ++aResult.nextArg;
+                                                nextResults.push_back( std::move(aResult) );
+                                        }
+                                }
+
+                                // reset for next round
+                                results.swap( nextResults );
+                                nextResults.clear();
+                        }
+                        results.swap( finalResults );
+                        return ! results.empty();
+                }
+                
+                // iterate each current subresult
+                for ( unsigned iResult = 0; iResult < results.size(); ++iResult ) {
+                        ArgPack& result = results[iResult];
+
+                        if ( result.nextExpl < result.expls.size() ) {
+                                // use remainder of exploded tuple if present
+                                const Alternative& actual = result.expls[result.nextExpl];
+                                result.env.addActual( actual.env, result.openVars );
+                                Type* actualType = actual.expr->get_result();
+
+                                PRINT(
+                                        std::cerr << "formal type is ";
+                                        formalType->print( std::cerr );
+                                        std::cerr << std::endl << "actual type is ";
+                                        actualType->print( std::cerr );
+                                        std::cerr << std::endl;
+                                )
+                                
+                                if ( unify( formalType, actualType, result.env, result.need, result.have, 
+                                                result.openVars, indexer ) ) {
+                                        ++result.nextExpl;
+                                        nextResults.push_back( std::move(result.withArg( actual.expr )) );
+                                }
+
+                                continue;
+                        } else if ( result.nextArg >= args.size() ) {
+                                // use default initializers if out of arguments
+                                if ( ConstantExpr* cnstExpr = getDefaultValue( initializer ) ) {
+                                        if ( Constant* cnst = dynamic_cast<Constant*>( cnstExpr->get_constant() ) ) {
+                                                if ( unify( formalType, cnst->get_type(), result.env, result.need, 
+                                                                result.have, result.openVars, indexer ) ) {
+                                                        nextResults.push_back( std::move(result.withArg( cnstExpr )) );
+                                                }
+                                        }
+                                }
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // Check each possible next argument
+                        for ( const Alternative& actual : args[result.nextArg] ) {
+                                ArgPack aResult = result;  // copy to clone everything
+                                // add details of actual to result
+                                aResult.env.addActual( actual.env, aResult.openVars );
+
+                                // explode argument
+                                std::vector<Alternative> exploded;
+                                Tuples::explode( actual, indexer, back_inserter( exploded ) );
+                                if ( exploded.empty() ) {
+                                        // skip empty tuple arguments
+                                        ++aResult.nextArg;
+                                        results.push_back( std::move(aResult) );
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                // consider only first exploded actual
+                                const Alternative& aActual = exploded.front();
+                                Type* actualType = aActual.expr->get_result()->clone();
+
+                                PRINT(
+                                        std::cerr << "formal type is ";
+                                        formalType->print( std::cerr );
+                                        std::cerr << std::endl << "actual type is ";
+                                        actualType->print( std::cerr );
+                                        std::cerr << std::endl;
+                                )
+
+                                // attempt to unify types
+                                if ( unify( formalType, actualType, aResult.env, aResult.need, aResult.have, aResult.openVars, indexer ) ) {
+                                        // add argument
+                                        aResult.withArg( aActual.expr, actual.cost );
+                                        ++aResult.nextArg;
+                                        if ( exploded.size() > 1 ) {
+                                                // other parts of tuple left over
+                                                aResult.expls = std::move( exploded );
+                                                aResult.nextExpl = 1;
+                                        }
+                                        nextResults.push_back( std::move(aResult) );
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                // reset for next parameter
+                results.swap( nextResults );
+                nextResults.clear();
+                
+                return ! results.empty();
+        }       
+
+        template<typename OutputIterator>
+        void AlternativeFinder::makeFunctionAlternatives( const Alternative &func, 
+                        FunctionType *funcType, const std::vector< AlternativeFinder > &args, 
+                        OutputIterator out ) {
+                OpenVarSet funcOpenVars;
+                AssertionSet funcNeed, funcHave;
+                TypeEnvironment funcEnv( func.env );
+                makeUnifiableVars( funcType, funcOpenVars, funcNeed );
+                // add all type variables as open variables now so that those not used in the parameter 
+                // list are still considered open.
+                funcEnv.add( funcType->get_forall() );
+                
                 if ( targetType && ! targetType->isVoid() && ! funcType->get_returnVals().empty() ) {
                         // attempt to narrow based on expected target type
                         Type * returnType = funcType->get_returnVals().front()->get_type();
-                        if ( ! unify( returnType, targetType, resultEnv, resultNeed, resultHave, openVars, indexer ) ) {
-                                // unification failed, don't pursue this alternative
+                        if ( ! unify( returnType, targetType, funcEnv, funcNeed, funcHave, funcOpenVars, 
+                                        indexer ) ) {
+                                // unification failed, don't pursue this function alternative
                                 return;
                         }
                 }
 
-                if ( instantiateFunction( funcType->get_parameters(), actualAlt, funcType->get_isVarArgs(), openVars, resultEnv, resultNeed, resultHave, instantiatedActuals ) ) {
+                // iteratively build matches, one parameter at a time
+                std::vector<ArgPack> results{ ArgPack{ funcEnv, funcNeed, funcHave, funcOpenVars } };
+                std::vector<ArgPack> nextResults{};
+                for ( DeclarationWithType* formal : funcType->get_parameters() ) {
+                        ObjectDecl* obj = strict_dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl* >( formal );
+                        if ( ! instantiateArgument( 
+                                        obj->get_type(), obj->get_init(), args, results, nextResults, indexer ) )
+                                return;
+                }
+
+                // filter out results that don't use all the arguments, and aren't variadic
+                std::vector<ArgPack> finalResults{};
+                if ( funcType->get_isVarArgs() ) {
+                        for ( ArgPack& result : results ) {
+                                // use rest of exploded tuple if present
+                                while ( result.nextExpl < result.expls.size() ) {
+                                        const Alternative& actual = result.expls[result.nextExpl];
+                                        result.env.addActual( actual.env, result.openVars );
+                                        result.withArg( actual.expr );
+                                        ++result.nextExpl;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        while ( ! results.empty() ) {
+                                // build combinations for all remaining arguments
+                                for ( ArgPack& result : results ) {
+                                        // keep if used all arguments
+                                        if ( result.nextArg >= args.size() ) {
+                                                finalResults.push_back( std::move(result) );
+                                                continue;
+                                        }
+
+                                        // add each possible next argument
+                                        for ( const Alternative& actual : args[result.nextArg] ) {
+                                                ArgPack aResult = result; // copy to clone everything
+                                                // add details of actual to result
+                                                aResult.env.addActual( actual.env, aResult.openVars );
+                                                Cost cost = actual.cost;
+
+                                                // explode argument
+                                                std::vector<Alternative> exploded;
+                                                Tuples::explode( actual, indexer, back_inserter( exploded ) );
+
+                                                // add exploded argument to arg list
+                                                for ( Alternative& aActual : exploded ) {
+                                                        aResult.withArg( aActual.expr, cost );
+                                                        cost = Cost::zero;
+                                                }
+                                                ++aResult.nextArg;
+                                                nextResults.push_back( std::move(aResult) );
+                                        }
+                                }
+
+                                // reset for next round
+                                results.swap( nextResults );
+                                nextResults.clear();
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        // filter out results that don't use all the arguments
+                        for ( ArgPack& result : results ) {
+                                if ( result.nextExpl >= result.expls.size() && result.nextArg >= args.size() ) {
+                                        finalResults.push_back( std::move(result) );
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                // validate matching combos, add to final result list
+                for ( ArgPack& result : finalResults ) {
                         ApplicationExpr *appExpr = new ApplicationExpr( func.expr->clone() );
-                        Alternative newAlt( appExpr, resultEnv, sumCost( instantiatedActuals ) );
-                        makeExprList( instantiatedActuals, appExpr->get_args() );
+                        Alternative newAlt( appExpr, result.env, sumCost( result.actuals ) );
+                        makeExprList( result.actuals, appExpr->get_args() );
                         PRINT(
                                 std::cerr << "instantiate function success: " << appExpr << std::endl;
                                 std::cerr << "need assertions:" << std::endl;
-                                printAssertionSet( resultNeed, std::cerr, 8 );
+                                printAssertionSet( result.need, std::cerr, 8 );
                         )
-                        inferParameters( resultNeed, resultHave, newAlt, openVars, out );
+                        inferParameters( result.need, result.have, newAlt, result.openVars, out );
                 }
         }
@@ -711 +903 @@
                 if ( funcFinder.alternatives.empty() ) return;
 
-                std::list< AlternativeFinder > argAlternatives;
-                findSubExprs( untypedExpr->begin_args(), untypedExpr->end_args(), back_inserter( argAlternatives ) );
-
-                std::list< AltList > possibilities;
-                combos( argAlternatives.begin(), argAlternatives.end(), back_inserter( possibilities ) );
+                std::vector< AlternativeFinder > argAlternatives;
+                findSubExprs( untypedExpr->begin_args(), untypedExpr->end_args(), 
+                        back_inserter( argAlternatives ) );
 
                 // take care of possible tuple assignments
                 // if not tuple assignment, assignment is taken care of as a normal function call
-                Tuples::handleTupleAssignment( *this, untypedExpr, possibilities );
+                Tuples::handleTupleAssignment( *this, untypedExpr, argAlternatives );
 
                 // find function operators
@@ -744 +934 @@
                                                 Alternative newFunc( *func );
                                                 referenceToRvalueConversion( newFunc.expr );
-                                                for ( std::list< AltList >::iterator actualAlt = possibilities.begin(); actualAlt != possibilities.end(); ++actualAlt ) {
-                                                        // XXX
-                                                        //Designators::check_alternative( function, *actualAlt );
-                                                        makeFunctionAlternatives( newFunc, function, *actualAlt, std::back_inserter( candidates ) );
-                                                }
+                                                makeFunctionAlternatives( newFunc, function, argAlternatives, 
+                                                        std::back_inserter( candidates ) );
                                         }
                                 } else if ( TypeInstType *typeInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( func->expr->get_result()->stripReferences() ) ) { // handle ftype (e.g. *? on function pointer)
@@ -756 +943 @@
                                                         Alternative newFunc( *func );
                                                         referenceToRvalueConversion( newFunc.expr );
-                                                        for ( std::list< AltList >::iterator actualAlt = possibilities.begin(); actualAlt != possibilities.end(); ++actualAlt ) {
-                                                                makeFunctionAlternatives( newFunc, function, *actualAlt, std::back_inserter( candidates ) );
-                                                        } // for
+                                                        makeFunctionAlternatives( newFunc, function, argAlternatives, 
+                                                                std::back_inserter( candidates ) );
                                                 } // if
                                         } // if
-                                }
-
-                                // try each function operator ?() with the current function alternative and each of the argument combinations
-                                for ( AltList::iterator funcOp = funcOpFinder.alternatives.begin(); funcOp != funcOpFinder.alternatives.end(); ++funcOp ) {
-                                        // check if the type is pointer to function
-                                        if ( PointerType *pointer = dynamic_cast< PointerType* >( funcOp->expr->get_result()->stripReferences() ) ) {
-                                                if ( FunctionType *function = dynamic_cast< FunctionType* >( pointer->get_base() ) ) {
+                                }                       
+                        } catch ( SemanticError &e ) {
+                                errors.append( e );
+                        }
+                } // for
+
+                // try each function operator ?() with each function alternative
+                if ( ! funcOpFinder.alternatives.empty() ) {
+                        // add function alternatives to front of argument list
+                        argAlternatives.insert( argAlternatives.begin(), std::move(funcFinder) );
+
+                        for ( AltList::iterator funcOp = funcOpFinder.alternatives.begin();
+                                        funcOp != funcOpFinder.alternatives.end(); ++funcOp ) {
+                                try {
+                                        // check if type is a pointer to function
+                                        if ( PointerType* pointer = dynamic_cast<PointerType*>( 
+                                                        funcOp->expr->get_result()->stripReferences() ) ) {
+                                                if ( FunctionType* function = 
+                                                                dynamic_cast<FunctionType*>( pointer->get_base() ) ) {
                                                         Alternative newFunc( *funcOp );
                                                         referenceToRvalueConversion( newFunc.expr );
-                                                        for ( std::list< AltList >::iterator actualAlt = possibilities.begin(); actualAlt != possibilities.end(); ++actualAlt ) {
-                                                                AltList currentAlt;
-                                                                currentAlt.push_back( *func );
-                                                                currentAlt.insert( currentAlt.end(), actualAlt->begin(), actualAlt->end() );
-                                                                makeFunctionAlternatives( newFunc, function, currentAlt, std::back_inserter( candidates ) );
-                                                        } // for
-                                                } // if
-                                        } // if
-                                } // for
-                        } catch ( SemanticError &e ) {
-                                errors.append( e );
-                        }
-                } // for
+                                                        makeFunctionAlternatives( newFunc, function, argAlternatives, 
+                                                                std::back_inserter( candidates ) );
+                                                }
+                                        }
+                                } catch ( SemanticError &e ) {
+                                        errors.append( e );
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
 
                 // Implement SFINAE; resolution errors are only errors if there aren't any non-erroneous resolutions

src/ResolvExpr/AlternativeFinder.h

@@ -34 +34 @@
           public:
                 AlternativeFinder( const SymTab::Indexer &indexer, const TypeEnvironment &env );
+
+                AlternativeFinder( const AlternativeFinder& o )
+                        : indexer(o.indexer), alternatives(o.alternatives), env(o.env), 
+                          targetType(o.targetType) {}
+                
+                AlternativeFinder( AlternativeFinder&& o )
+                        : indexer(o.indexer), alternatives(std::move(o.alternatives)), env(o.env), 
+                          targetType(o.targetType) {}
+                
+                AlternativeFinder& operator= ( const AlternativeFinder& o ) {
+                        if (&o == this) return *this;
+                        
+                        // horrific nasty hack to rebind references...
+                        alternatives.~AltList();
+                        new(this) AlternativeFinder(o);
+                        return *this;
+                }
+
+                AlternativeFinder& operator= ( AlternativeFinder&& o ) {
+                        if (&o == this) return *this;
+                        
+                        // horrific nasty hack to rebind references...
+                        alternatives.~AltList();
+                        new(this) AlternativeFinder(std::move(o));
+                        return *this;
+                }
+
                 void find( Expression *expr, bool adjust = false, bool prune = true, bool failFast = true );
                 /// Calls find with the adjust flag set; adjustment turns array and function types into equivalent pointer types
@@ -99 +126 @@
                 /// Adds alternatives for offsetof expressions, given the base type and name of the member
                 template< typename StructOrUnionType > void addOffsetof( StructOrUnionType *aggInst, const std::string &name );
-                bool instantiateFunction( std::list< DeclarationWithType* >& formals, const AltList &actuals, bool isVarArgs, OpenVarSet& openVars, TypeEnvironment &resultEnv, AssertionSet &resultNeed, AssertionSet &resultHave, AltList & out );
-                template< typename OutputIterator >
-                void makeFunctionAlternatives( const Alternative &func, FunctionType *funcType, const AltList &actualAlt, OutputIterator out );
+                template<typename OutputIterator>
+                void makeFunctionAlternatives( const Alternative &func, FunctionType *funcType, const std::vector< AlternativeFinder >& args, OutputIterator out );
                 template< typename OutputIterator >
                 void inferParameters( const AssertionSet &need, AssertionSet &have, const Alternative &newAlt, OpenVarSet &openVars, OutputIterator out );

src/ResolvExpr/TypeEnvironment.cc

@@ -201 +201 @@
         }
 
+        void TypeEnvironment::addActual( const TypeEnvironment& actualEnv, OpenVarSet& openVars ) {
+                for ( const EqvClass& c : actualEnv ) {
+                        EqvClass c2 = c;
+                        c2.allowWidening = false;
+                        for ( const std::string& var : c2.vars ) {
+                                openVars[ var ] = c2.data;
+                        }
+                        env.push_back( std::move(c2) );
+                }
+        }
+
 } // namespace ResolvExpr
 

src/ResolvExpr/TypeEnvironment.h

@@ -86 +86 @@
                 TypeEnvironment *clone() const { return new TypeEnvironment( *this ); }
 
+                /// Iteratively adds the environment of a new actual (with allowWidening = false), 
+                /// and extracts open variables.
+                void addActual( const TypeEnvironment& actualEnv, OpenVarSet& openVars );
+
                 typedef std::list< EqvClass >::iterator iterator;
                 iterator begin() { return env.begin(); }

src/SymTab/Mangler.cc

@@ -32 +32 @@
 namespace SymTab {
         std::string Mangler::mangleType( Type * ty ) {
-                Mangler mangler( false, true );
+                Mangler mangler( false, true, true );
                 maybeAccept( ty, mangler );
                 return mangler.get_mangleName();
         }
 
-        Mangler::Mangler( bool mangleOverridable, bool typeMode )
-                : nextVarNum( 0 ), isTopLevel( true ), mangleOverridable( mangleOverridable ), typeMode( typeMode ) {}
+        std::string Mangler::mangleConcrete( Type* ty ) {
+                Mangler mangler( false, false, false );
+                maybeAccept( ty, mangler );
+                return mangler.get_mangleName();
+        }
+
+        Mangler::Mangler( bool mangleOverridable, bool typeMode, bool mangleGenericParams )
+                : nextVarNum( 0 ), isTopLevel( true ), mangleOverridable( mangleOverridable ), typeMode( typeMode ), mangleGenericParams( mangleGenericParams ) {}
 
         Mangler::Mangler( const Mangler &rhs ) : mangleName() {
@@ -166 +172 @@
 
                 mangleName << ( refType->get_name().length() + prefix.length() ) << prefix << refType->get_name();
-        }
-
-        void Mangler::mangleGenericRef( ReferenceToType * refType, std::string prefix ) {
-                printQualifiers( refType );
-
-                std::ostringstream oldName( mangleName.str() );
-                mangleName.clear();
-
-                mangleName << prefix << refType->get_name();
-
-                std::list< Expression* >& params = refType->get_parameters();
-                if ( ! params.empty() ) {
-                        mangleName << "_";
-                        for ( std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator param = params.begin(); param != params.end(); ++param ) {
-                                TypeExpr *paramType = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr* >( *param );
-                                assertf(paramType, "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions: %s", toString(*param).c_str());
-                                maybeAccept( paramType->get_type(), *this );
+
+                if ( mangleGenericParams ) {
+                        std::list< Expression* >& params = refType->get_parameters();
+                        if ( ! params.empty() ) {
+                                mangleName << "_";
+                                for ( std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator param = params.begin(); param != params.end(); ++param ) {
+                                        TypeExpr *paramType = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr* >( *param );
+                                        assertf(paramType, "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions: %s", toString(*param).c_str());
+                                        maybeAccept( paramType->get_type(), *this );
+                                }
+                                mangleName << "_";
                         }
-                        mangleName << "_";
                 }
-
-                oldName << mangleName.str().length() << mangleName.str();
-                mangleName.str( oldName.str() );
         }
 
         void Mangler::visit( StructInstType * aggregateUseType ) {
-                if ( typeMode ) mangleGenericRef( aggregateUseType, "s" );
-                else mangleRef( aggregateUseType, "s" );
+                mangleRef( aggregateUseType, "s" );
         }
 
         void Mangler::visit( UnionInstType * aggregateUseType ) {
-                if ( typeMode ) mangleGenericRef( aggregateUseType, "u" );
-                else mangleRef( aggregateUseType, "u" );
+                mangleRef( aggregateUseType, "u" );
         }
 
@@ -285 +279 @@
                                 varNums[ (*i)->name ] = std::pair< int, int >( nextVarNum++, (int)(*i)->get_kind() );
                                 for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType* >::iterator assert = (*i)->assertions.begin(); assert != (*i)->assertions.end(); ++assert ) {
-                                        Mangler sub_mangler( mangleOverridable, typeMode );
+                                        Mangler sub_mangler( mangleOverridable, typeMode, mangleGenericParams );
                                         sub_mangler.nextVarNum = nextVarNum;
                                         sub_mangler.isTopLevel = false;

src/SymTab/Mangler.h

@@ -30 +30 @@
                 /// Mangle syntax tree object; primary interface to clients
                 template< typename SynTreeClass >
-            static std::string mangle( SynTreeClass *decl, bool mangleOverridable = true, bool typeMode = false );
+            static std::string mangle( SynTreeClass *decl, bool mangleOverridable = true, bool typeMode = false, bool mangleGenericParams = true );
                 /// Mangle a type name; secondary interface
                 static std::string mangleType( Type* ty );
+                /// Mangle ignoring generic type parameters
+                static std::string mangleConcrete( Type* ty );
+
 
                 virtual void visit( ObjectDecl *declaration );
@@ -62 +65 @@
                 bool mangleOverridable;         ///< Specially mangle overridable built-in methods
                 bool typeMode;                  ///< Produce a unique mangled name for a type
+                bool mangleGenericParams;       ///< Include generic parameters in name mangling if true
 
-                Mangler( bool mangleOverridable, bool typeMode );
+                Mangler( bool mangleOverridable, bool typeMode, bool mangleGenericParams );
                 Mangler( const Mangler & );
 
                 void mangleDecl( DeclarationWithType *declaration );
                 void mangleRef( ReferenceToType *refType, std::string prefix );
-                void mangleGenericRef( ReferenceToType *refType, std::string prefix );
 
                 void printQualifiers( Type *type );
@@ -74 +77 @@
 
         template< typename SynTreeClass >
-        std::string Mangler::mangle( SynTreeClass *decl, bool mangleOverridable, bool typeMode ) {
-                Mangler mangler( mangleOverridable, typeMode );
+        std::string Mangler::mangle( SynTreeClass *decl, bool mangleOverridable, bool typeMode, bool mangleGenericParams ) {
+                Mangler mangler( mangleOverridable, typeMode, mangleGenericParams );
                 maybeAccept( decl, mangler );
                 return mangler.get_mangleName();

src/Tuples/TupleAssignment.cc

@@ -20 +20 @@
 #include <memory>                          // for unique_ptr, allocator_trai...
 #include <string>                          // for string
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "CodeGen/OperatorTable.h"
@@ -33 +34 @@
 #include "ResolvExpr/Resolver.h"           // for resolveCtorInit
 #include "ResolvExpr/TypeEnvironment.h"    // for TypeEnvironment
+#include "ResolvExpr/typeops.h"            // for combos
 #include "SynTree/Declaration.h"           // for ObjectDecl
 #include "SynTree/Expression.h"            // for Expression, CastExpr, Name...
@@ -52 +54 @@
                 // dispatcher for Tuple (multiple and mass) assignment operations
                 TupleAssignSpotter( ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder & );
-                void spot( UntypedExpr * expr, const std::list<ResolvExpr::AltList> &possibilities );
+                void spot( UntypedExpr * expr, std::vector<ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder> &args );
 
           private:
@@ -59 +61 @@
                 struct Matcher {
                   public:
-                        Matcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, const ResolvExpr::AltList & alts );
+                        Matcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, const ResolvExpr::AltList& lhs, const 
+                                ResolvExpr::AltList& rhs );
                         virtual ~Matcher() {}
                         virtual void match( std::list< Expression * > &out ) = 0;
@@ -72 +75 @@
                 struct MassAssignMatcher : public Matcher {
                   public:
-                        MassAssignMatcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, const ResolvExpr::AltList & alts );
+                        MassAssignMatcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, const ResolvExpr::AltList& lhs, 
+                                const ResolvExpr::AltList& rhs ) : Matcher(spotter, lhs, rhs) {}
                         virtual void match( std::list< Expression * > &out );
                 };
@@ -78 +82 @@
                 struct MultipleAssignMatcher : public Matcher {
                   public:
-                        MultipleAssignMatcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spot, const ResolvExpr::AltList & alts );
+                        MultipleAssignMatcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, const ResolvExpr::AltList& lhs, 
+                                const ResolvExpr::AltList& rhs ) : Matcher(spotter, lhs, rhs) {}
                         virtual void match( std::list< Expression * > &out );
                 };
@@ -114 +119 @@
         }
 
-        void handleTupleAssignment( ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder & currentFinder, UntypedExpr * expr, const std::list<ResolvExpr::AltList> &possibilities ) {
+        void handleTupleAssignment( ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder & currentFinder, UntypedExpr * expr, 
+                                std::vector<ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder> &args ) {
                 TupleAssignSpotter spotter( currentFinder );
-                spotter.spot( expr, possibilities );
+                spotter.spot( expr, args );
         }
 
@@ -122 +128 @@
                 : currentFinder(f) {}
 
-        void TupleAssignSpotter::spot( UntypedExpr * expr, const std::list<ResolvExpr::AltList> &possibilities ) {
+        void TupleAssignSpotter::spot( UntypedExpr * expr, 
+                        std::vector<ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder> &args ) {
                 if (  NameExpr *op = dynamic_cast< NameExpr * >(expr->get_function()) ) {
                         if ( CodeGen::isCtorDtorAssign( op->get_name() ) ) {
-                               fname = op->get_name();
-                                PRINT( std::cerr << "TupleAssignment: " << fname << std::endl; )
-                                for ( std::list<ResolvExpr::AltList>::const_iterator ali = possibilities.begin(); ali != possibilities.end(); ++ali ) {
-                                        if ( ali->size() == 0 ) continue; // AlternativeFinder will natrually handle this case, if it's legal
-                                        if ( ali->size() <= 1 && CodeGen::isAssignment( op->get_name() ) ) {
-                                                // what does it mean if an assignment takes 1 argument? maybe someone defined such a function, in which case AlternativeFinder will naturally handle it
-                                                continue;
+                                fname = op->get_name();
+
+                                // AlternativeFinder will naturally handle this case case, if it's legal
+                                if ( args.size() == 0 ) return;
+
+                                // if an assignment only takes 1 argument, that's odd, but maybe someone wrote 
+                                // the function, in which case AlternativeFinder will handle it normally
+                                if ( args.size() == 1 && CodeGen::isAssignment( fname ) ) return;
+
+                                // look over all possible left-hand-sides
+                                for ( ResolvExpr::Alternative& lhsAlt : args[0] ) {
+                                        // skip non-tuple LHS
+                                        if ( ! refToTuple(lhsAlt.expr) ) continue;
+
+                                        // explode is aware of casts - ensure every LHS expression is sent into explode 
+                                        // with a reference cast
+                                        // xxx - this seems to change the alternatives before the normal 
+                                        //  AlternativeFinder flow; maybe this is desired?
+                                        if ( ! dynamic_cast<CastExpr*>( lhsAlt.expr ) ) {
+                                                lhsAlt.expr = new CastExpr( lhsAlt.expr, 
+                                                                new ReferenceType( Type::Qualifiers(), 
+                                                                        lhsAlt.expr->get_result()->clone() ) );
                                         }
 
-                                        assert( ! ali->empty() );
-                                        // grab args 2-N and group into a TupleExpr
-                                        const ResolvExpr::Alternative & alt1 = ali->front();
-                                        auto begin = std::next(ali->begin(), 1), end = ali->end();
-                                        PRINT( std::cerr << "alt1 is " << alt1.expr << std::endl; )
-                                        if ( refToTuple(alt1.expr) ) {
-                                                PRINT( std::cerr << "and is reference to tuple" << std::endl; )
-                                                if ( isMultAssign( begin, end ) ) {
-                                                        PRINT( std::cerr << "possible multiple assignment" << std::endl; )
-                                                        matcher.reset( new MultipleAssignMatcher( *this, *ali ) );
-                                                } else {
-                                                        // mass assignment
-                                                        PRINT( std::cerr << "possible mass assignment" << std::endl; )
-                                                        matcher.reset( new MassAssignMatcher( *this,  *ali ) );
+                                        // explode the LHS so that each field of a tuple-valued-expr is assigned
+                                        ResolvExpr::AltList lhs;
+                                        explode( lhsAlt, currentFinder.get_indexer(), back_inserter(lhs), true );
+                                        for ( ResolvExpr::Alternative& alt : lhs ) {
+                                                // each LHS value must be a reference - some come in with a cast expression, 
+                                                // if not just cast to reference here
+                                                if ( ! dynamic_cast<ReferenceType*>( alt.expr->get_result() ) ) {
+                                                        alt.expr = new CastExpr( alt.expr, 
+                                                                new ReferenceType( Type::Qualifiers(), 
+                                                                        alt.expr->get_result()->clone() ) );
                                                 }
+                                        }
+
+                                        if ( args.size() == 1 ) {
+                                                // mass default-initialization/destruction
+                                                ResolvExpr::AltList rhs{};
+                                                matcher.reset( new MassAssignMatcher( *this, lhs, rhs ) );
                                                 match();
+                                        } else if ( args.size() > 2 ) {
+                                                // expand all possible RHS possibilities
+                                                // TODO build iterative version of this instead of using combos
+                                                std::vector< ResolvExpr::AltList > rhsAlts;
+                                                combos( std::next(args.begin(), 1), args.end(), 
+                                                        std::back_inserter( rhsAlts ) );
+                                                for ( const ResolvExpr::AltList& rhsAlt : rhsAlts ) {
+                                                        // multiple assignment
+                                                        ResolvExpr::AltList rhs;
+                                                        explode( rhsAlt, currentFinder.get_indexer(), 
+                                                                std::back_inserter(rhs), true );
+                                                        matcher.reset( new MultipleAssignMatcher( *this, lhs, rhs ) );
+                                                        match();
+                                                }
+                                        } else {
+                                                for ( const ResolvExpr::Alternative& rhsAlt : args[1] ) {
+                                                        ResolvExpr::AltList rhs;
+                                                        if ( isTuple(rhsAlt.expr) ) {
+                                                                // multiple assignment
+                                                                explode( rhsAlt, currentFinder.get_indexer(),  
+                                                                        std::back_inserter(rhs), true );
+                                                                matcher.reset( new MultipleAssignMatcher( *this, lhs, rhs ) );
+                                                        } else {
+                                                                // mass assignment
+                                                                rhs.push_back( rhsAlt );
+                                                                matcher.reset( new MassAssignMatcher( *this, lhs, rhs ) );
+                                                        }
+                                                        match();
+                                                }
                                         }
                                 }
@@ -169 +222 @@
                 ResolvExpr::AltList current;
                 // now resolve new assignments
-                for ( std::list< Expression * >::iterator i = new_assigns.begin(); i != new_assigns.end(); ++i ) {
+                for ( std::list< Expression * >::iterator i = new_assigns.begin(); 
+                                i != new_assigns.end(); ++i ) {
                         PRINT(
                                 std::cerr << "== resolving tuple assign ==" << std::endl;
@@ -175 +229 @@
                         )
 
-                        ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder finder( currentFinder.get_indexer(), currentFinder.get_environ() );
+                        ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder finder{ currentFinder.get_indexer(), 
+                                currentFinder.get_environ() };
                         try {
                                 finder.findWithAdjustment(*i);
@@ -196 +251 @@
                 // combine assignment environments into combined expression environment
                 simpleCombineEnvironments( current.begin(), current.end(), matcher->compositeEnv );
-                currentFinder.get_alternatives().push_front( ResolvExpr::Alternative(new TupleAssignExpr(solved_assigns, matcher->tmpDecls), matcher->compositeEnv, ResolvExpr::sumCost( current  ) + matcher->baseCost ) );
-        }
-
-        TupleAssignSpotter::Matcher::Matcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, const ResolvExpr::AltList &alts ) : spotter(spotter), baseCost( ResolvExpr::sumCost( alts ) ) {
-                assert( ! alts.empty() );
-                // combine argument environments into combined expression environment
-                simpleCombineEnvironments( alts.begin(), alts.end(), compositeEnv );
-
-                ResolvExpr::Alternative lhsAlt = alts.front();
-                // explode is aware of casts - ensure every LHS expression is sent into explode with a reference cast
-                if ( ! dynamic_cast< CastExpr * >( lhsAlt.expr ) ) {
-                        lhsAlt.expr = new CastExpr( lhsAlt.expr, new ReferenceType( Type::Qualifiers(), lhsAlt.expr->get_result()->clone() ) );
-                }
-
-                // explode the lhs so that each field of the tuple-valued-expr is assigned.
-                explode( lhsAlt, spotter.currentFinder.get_indexer(), back_inserter(lhs), true );
-
-                for ( ResolvExpr::Alternative & alt : lhs ) {
-                        // every LHS value must be a reference - some come in with a cast expression, if it doesn't just cast to reference here.
-                        if ( ! dynamic_cast< ReferenceType * >( alt.expr->get_result() ) ) {
-                                alt.expr = new CastExpr( alt.expr, new ReferenceType( Type::Qualifiers(), alt.expr->get_result()->clone() ) );
-                        }
-                }
-        }
-
-        TupleAssignSpotter::MassAssignMatcher::MassAssignMatcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, const ResolvExpr::AltList & alts ) : Matcher( spotter, alts ) {
-                assert( alts.size() == 1 || alts.size() == 2 );
-                if ( alts.size() == 2 ) {
-                        rhs.push_back( alts.back() );
-                }
-        }
-
-        TupleAssignSpotter::MultipleAssignMatcher::MultipleAssignMatcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, const ResolvExpr::AltList & alts ) : Matcher( spotter, alts ) {
-                // explode the rhs so that each field of the tuple-valued-expr is assigned.
-                explode( std::next(alts.begin(), 1), alts.end(), spotter.currentFinder.get_indexer(), back_inserter(rhs), true );
+                currentFinder.get_alternatives().push_front( ResolvExpr::Alternative(
+                        new TupleAssignExpr(solved_assigns, matcher->tmpDecls), matcher->compositeEnv, 
+                        ResolvExpr::sumCost( current ) + matcher->baseCost ) );
+        }
+
+        TupleAssignSpotter::Matcher::Matcher( TupleAssignSpotter &spotter, 
+                const ResolvExpr::AltList &lhs, const ResolvExpr::AltList &rhs ) 
+        : lhs(lhs), rhs(rhs), spotter(spotter), 
+          baseCost( ResolvExpr::sumCost( lhs ) + ResolvExpr::sumCost( rhs ) ) {
+                simpleCombineEnvironments( lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), compositeEnv );
+                simpleCombineEnvironments( rhs.begin(), rhs.end(), compositeEnv );
         }
 

src/Tuples/Tuples.h

@@ -17 +17 @@
 
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "SynTree/Expression.h"
@@ -26 +27 @@
 namespace Tuples {
         // TupleAssignment.cc
-        void handleTupleAssignment( ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder & currentFinder, UntypedExpr * assign, const std::list<ResolvExpr::AltList> & possibilities );
-
+        void handleTupleAssignment( ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder & currentFinder, UntypedExpr * assign, 
+                std::vector< ResolvExpr::AlternativeFinder >& args );
+        
         // TupleExpansion.cc
         /// expands z.[a, b.[x, y], c] into [z.a, z.b.x, z.b.y, z.c], inserting UniqueExprs as appropriate

src/benchmark/Makefile.am

@@ -133 +133 @@
 ## =========================================================================================================
 creation$(EXEEXT) :\
-        creation-pthread.run            \
-        creation-cfa_coroutine.run      \
-        creation-cfa_thread.run         \
-        creation-upp_coroutine.run      \
+        creation-pthread.run                    \
+        creation-cfa_coroutine.run              \
+        creation-cfa_coroutine_eager.run        \
+        creation-cfa_thread.run                 \
+        creation-upp_coroutine.run              \
         creation-upp_thread.run
 
@@ -142 +143 @@
         ${CC}        creation/cfa_cor.c   -DBENCH_N=10000000   -I. -nodebug -lrt -quiet @CFA_FLAGS@ ${AM_CFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${ccflags}
 
+creation-cfa_coroutine_eager$(EXEEXT):
+        ${CC}        creation/cfa_cor.c   -DBENCH_N=10000000   -I. -nodebug -lrt -quiet @CFA_FLAGS@ ${AM_CFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${ccflags} -DEAGER
+
 creation-cfa_thread$(EXEEXT):
         ${CC}        creation/cfa_thrd.c  -DBENCH_N=10000000   -I. -nodebug -lrt -quiet @CFA_FLAGS@ ${AM_CFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${ccflags}
@@ -153 +157 @@
 creation-pthread$(EXEEXT):
         @BACKEND_CC@ creation/pthreads.c  -DBENCH_N=250000     -I. -lrt -pthread                    ${AM_CFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${ccflags}
+
+## =========================================================================================================
+
+compile$(EXEEXT) :\
+        compile-array$(EXEEXT)          \
+        compile-attributes$(EXEEXT)     \
+        compile-empty$(EXEEXT)          \
+        compile-expression$(EXEEXT)     \
+        compile-io$(EXEEXT)             \
+        compile-monitor$(EXEEXT)        \
+        compile-operators$(EXEEXT)      \
+        compile-thread$(EXEEXT)         \
+        compile-typeof$(EXEEXT)
+
+
+compile-array$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/array.c
+
+compile-attributes$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/attributes.c
+
+compile-empty$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w compile/empty.c
+
+compile-expression$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/expression.c
+
+compile-io$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/io.c
+
+compile-monitor$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/monitor.c
+
+compile-operators$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/operators.c
+
+compile-thread$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/thread.c
+
+compile-typeof$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/typeof.c
+
 
 ## =========================================================================================================

src/benchmark/Makefile.in

@@ -124 +124 @@
   esac
 am__tagged_files = $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES) $(TAGS_FILES) $(LISP)
-am__DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/Makefile.in
+am__DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/Makefile.in compile
 DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST)
 ACLOCAL = @ACLOCAL@
@@ -544 +544 @@
 
 creation$(EXEEXT) :\
-        creation-pthread.run            \
-        creation-cfa_coroutine.run      \
-        creation-cfa_thread.run         \
-        creation-upp_coroutine.run      \
+        creation-pthread.run                    \
+        creation-cfa_coroutine.run              \
+        creation-cfa_coroutine_eager.run        \
+        creation-cfa_thread.run                 \
+        creation-upp_coroutine.run              \
         creation-upp_thread.run
 
@@ -553 +554 @@
         ${CC}        creation/cfa_cor.c   -DBENCH_N=10000000   -I. -nodebug -lrt -quiet @CFA_FLAGS@ ${AM_CFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${ccflags}
 
+creation-cfa_coroutine_eager$(EXEEXT):
+        ${CC}        creation/cfa_cor.c   -DBENCH_N=10000000   -I. -nodebug -lrt -quiet @CFA_FLAGS@ ${AM_CFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${ccflags} -DEAGER
+
 creation-cfa_thread$(EXEEXT):
         ${CC}        creation/cfa_thrd.c  -DBENCH_N=10000000   -I. -nodebug -lrt -quiet @CFA_FLAGS@ ${AM_CFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${ccflags}
@@ -564 +568 @@
 creation-pthread$(EXEEXT):
         @BACKEND_CC@ creation/pthreads.c  -DBENCH_N=250000     -I. -lrt -pthread                    ${AM_CFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${ccflags}
+
+compile$(EXEEXT) :\
+        compile-array$(EXEEXT)          \
+        compile-attributes$(EXEEXT)     \
+        compile-empty$(EXEEXT)          \
+        compile-expression$(EXEEXT)     \
+        compile-io$(EXEEXT)             \
+        compile-monitor$(EXEEXT)        \
+        compile-operators$(EXEEXT)      \
+        compile-thread$(EXEEXT)         \
+        compile-typeof$(EXEEXT)         \
+        compile-vector_test$(EXEEXT)
+
+compile-array$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/array.c
+
+compile-attributes$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/attributes.c
+
+compile-empty$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w compile/empty.c
+
+compile-expression$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/expression.c
+
+compile-io$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/io.c
+
+compile-monitor$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/monitor.c
+
+compile-operators$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/operators.c
+
+compile-thread$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/thread.c
+
+compile-typeof$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/typeof.c
+
+compile-vector_test$(EXEEXT):
+        @printf '%20s\t' $(subst compile-,,$@)
+        @/usr/bin/time -f "%E" ${CC} -quiet -fsyntax-only -w ../tests/vector_test.c
 
 %.run : %$(EXEEXT) ${REPEAT}

src/benchmark/creation/cfa_cor.c

@@ -5 +5 @@
 
 coroutine MyCoroutine {};
-void ?{} (MyCoroutine & this) { prime(this); }
+void ?{} (MyCoroutine & this) {
+#ifdef EAGER
+        prime(this);
+#endif
+}
 void main(MyCoroutine & this) {}
 

src/libcfa/Makefile.am

@@ -95 +95 @@
 
 cfa_includedir = $(CFA_INCDIR)
-nobase_cfa_include_HEADERS = ${headers} ${stdhdr} math gmp concurrency/invoke.h
+nobase_cfa_include_HEADERS =    \
+        ${headers}                      \
+        ${stdhdr}                       \
+        math                            \
+        gmp                             \
+        bits/defs.h             \
+        bits/locks.h            \
+        concurrency/invoke.h    \
+        libhdr.h                        \
+        libhdr/libalign.h       \
+        libhdr/libdebug.h       \
+        libhdr/libtools.h
 
 CLEANFILES = libcfa-prelude.c

src/libcfa/Makefile.in

@@ -264 +264 @@
         containers/result containers/vector concurrency/coroutine \
         concurrency/thread concurrency/kernel concurrency/monitor \
-        ${shell echo stdhdr/*} math gmp concurrency/invoke.h
+        ${shell echo stdhdr/*} math gmp bits/defs.h bits/locks.h \
+        concurrency/invoke.h libhdr.h libhdr/libalign.h \
+        libhdr/libdebug.h libhdr/libtools.h
 HEADERS = $(nobase_cfa_include_HEADERS)
 am__tagged_files = $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES) $(TAGS_FILES) $(LISP)
@@ -430 +432 @@
 stdhdr = ${shell echo stdhdr/*}
 cfa_includedir = $(CFA_INCDIR)
-nobase_cfa_include_HEADERS = ${headers} ${stdhdr} math gmp concurrency/invoke.h
+nobase_cfa_include_HEADERS = \
+        ${headers}                      \
+        ${stdhdr}                       \
+        math                            \
+        gmp                             \
+        bits/defs.h             \
+        bits/locks.h            \
+        concurrency/invoke.h    \
+        libhdr.h                        \
+        libhdr/libalign.h       \
+        libhdr/libdebug.h       \
+        libhdr/libtools.h
+
 CLEANFILES = libcfa-prelude.c
 all: all-am

src/libcfa/concurrency/alarm.c

@@ -186 +186 @@
 
         disable_interrupts();
-        lock( &event_kernel->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+        lock( event_kernel->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
         {
                 verify( validate( alarms ) );
@@ -196 +196 @@
                 }
         }
-        unlock( &event_kernel->lock );
+        unlock( event_kernel->lock );
         this->set = true;
         enable_interrupts( DEBUG_CTX );
@@ -203 +203 @@
 void unregister_self( alarm_node_t * this ) {
         disable_interrupts();
-        lock( &event_kernel->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+        lock( event_kernel->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
         {
                 verify( validate( &event_kernel->alarms ) );
                 remove( &event_kernel->alarms, this );
         }
-        unlock( &event_kernel->lock );
+        unlock( event_kernel->lock );
         enable_interrupts( DEBUG_CTX );
         this->set = false;

src/libcfa/concurrency/invoke.h

@@ -14 +14 @@
 //
 
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
+#include "bits/defs.h"
+#include "bits/locks.h"
 
 #ifdef __CFORALL__
@@ -25 +25 @@
 #define _INVOKE_H_
 
-        #define unlikely(x)    __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
-        #define thread_local _Thread_local
-
         typedef void (*fptr_t)();
         typedef int_fast16_t __lock_size_t;
-
-        struct spinlock {
-                volatile int lock;
-                #ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
-                        const char * prev_name;
-                        void* prev_thrd;
-                #endif
-        };
 
         struct __thread_queue_t {
@@ -58 +47 @@
                 void push( struct __condition_stack_t &, struct __condition_criterion_t * );
                 struct __condition_criterion_t * pop( struct __condition_stack_t & );
-
-                void  ?{}(spinlock & this);
-                void ^?{}(spinlock & this);
         }
         #endif
@@ -122 +108 @@
         struct monitor_desc {
                 // spinlock to protect internal data
-                struct spinlock lock;
+                struct __spinlock_t lock;
 
                 // current owner of the monitor

src/libcfa/concurrency/kernel

@@ -26 +26 @@
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Locks
-// Lock the spinlock, spin if already acquired
-void lock      ( spinlock * DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 );
+// // Lock the spinlock, spin if already acquired
+// void lock      ( spinlock * DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 );
 
-// Lock the spinlock, yield repeatedly if already acquired
-void lock_yield( spinlock * DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 );
+// // Lock the spinlock, yield repeatedly if already acquired
+// void lock_yield( spinlock * DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 );
 
-// Lock the spinlock, return false if already acquired
-bool try_lock  ( spinlock * DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 );
+// // Lock the spinlock, return false if already acquired
+// bool try_lock  ( spinlock * DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 );
 
-// Unlock the spinlock
-void unlock    ( spinlock * );
+// // Unlock the spinlock
+// void unlock    ( spinlock * );
 
 struct semaphore {
-        spinlock lock;
+        __spinlock_t lock;
         int count;
         __thread_queue_t waiting;
@@ -54 +54 @@
 struct cluster {
         // Ready queue locks
-        spinlock ready_queue_lock;
+        __spinlock_t ready_queue_lock;
 
         // Ready queue for threads
@@ -74 +74 @@
         FinishOpCode action_code;
         thread_desc * thrd;
-        spinlock * lock;
-        spinlock ** locks;
+        __spinlock_t * lock;
+        __spinlock_t ** locks;
         unsigned short lock_count;
         thread_desc ** thrds;

src/libcfa/concurrency/kernel.c

@@ -242 +242 @@
 void finishRunning(processor * this) {
         if( this->finish.action_code == Release ) {
-                unlock( this->finish.lock );
+                unlock( *this->finish.lock );
         }
         else if( this->finish.action_code == Schedule ) {
@@ -248 +248 @@
         }
         else if( this->finish.action_code == Release_Schedule ) {
-                unlock( this->finish.lock );
+                unlock( *this->finish.lock );
                 ScheduleThread( this->finish.thrd );
         }
         else if( this->finish.action_code == Release_Multi ) {
                 for(int i = 0; i < this->finish.lock_count; i++) {
-                        unlock( this->finish.locks[i] );
+                        unlock( *this->finish.locks[i] );
                 }
         }
         else if( this->finish.action_code == Release_Multi_Schedule ) {
                 for(int i = 0; i < this->finish.lock_count; i++) {
-                        unlock( this->finish.locks[i] );
+                        unlock( *this->finish.locks[i] );
                 }
                 for(int i = 0; i < this->finish.thrd_count; i++) {
@@ -334 +334 @@
         verifyf( thrd->next == NULL, "Expected null got %p", thrd->next );
 
-        lock(   &this_processor->cltr->ready_queue_lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+        lock(   this_processor->cltr->ready_queue_lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
         append( this_processor->cltr->ready_queue, thrd );
-        unlock( &this_processor->cltr->ready_queue_lock );
+        unlock( this_processor->cltr->ready_queue_lock );
 
         verify( disable_preempt_count > 0 );
@@ -343 +343 @@
 thread_desc * nextThread(cluster * this) {
         verify( disable_preempt_count > 0 );
-        lock( &this->ready_queue_lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+        lock( this->ready_queue_lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
         thread_desc * head = pop_head( this->ready_queue );
-        unlock( &this->ready_queue_lock );
+        unlock( this->ready_queue_lock );
         verify( disable_preempt_count > 0 );
         return head;
@@ -358 +358 @@
 }
 
-void BlockInternal( spinlock * lock ) {
+void BlockInternal( __spinlock_t * lock ) {
         disable_interrupts();
         this_processor->finish.action_code = Release;
@@ -384 +384 @@
 }
 
-void BlockInternal( spinlock * lock, thread_desc * thrd ) {
+void BlockInternal( __spinlock_t * lock, thread_desc * thrd ) {
         assert(thrd);
         disable_interrupts();
@@ -398 +398 @@
 }
 
-void BlockInternal(spinlock * locks [], unsigned short count) {
+void BlockInternal(__spinlock_t * locks [], unsigned short count) {
         disable_interrupts();
         this_processor->finish.action_code = Release_Multi;
@@ -411 +411 @@
 }
 
-void BlockInternal(spinlock * locks [], unsigned short lock_count, thread_desc * thrds [], unsigned short thrd_count) {
+void BlockInternal(__spinlock_t * locks [], unsigned short lock_count, thread_desc * thrds [], unsigned short thrd_count) {
         disable_interrupts();
         this_processor->finish.action_code = Release_Multi_Schedule;
@@ -426 +426 @@
 }
 
-void LeaveThread(spinlock * lock, thread_desc * thrd) {
+void LeaveThread(__spinlock_t * lock, thread_desc * thrd) {
         verify( disable_preempt_count > 0 );
         this_processor->finish.action_code = thrd ? Release_Schedule : Release;
@@ -516 +516 @@
 }
 
-static spinlock kernel_abort_lock;
-static spinlock kernel_debug_lock;
+static __spinlock_t kernel_abort_lock;
+static __spinlock_t kernel_debug_lock;
 static bool kernel_abort_called = false;
 
@@ -523 +523 @@
         // abort cannot be recursively entered by the same or different processors because all signal handlers return when
         // the globalAbort flag is true.
-        lock( &kernel_abort_lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+        lock( kernel_abort_lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
 
         // first task to abort ?
         if ( !kernel_abort_called ) {                   // not first task to abort ?
                 kernel_abort_called = true;
-                unlock( &kernel_abort_lock );
+                unlock( kernel_abort_lock );
         }
         else {
-                unlock( &kernel_abort_lock );
+                unlock( kernel_abort_lock );
 
                 sigset_t mask;
@@ -561 +561 @@
 extern "C" {
         void __lib_debug_acquire() {
-                lock( &kernel_debug_lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+                lock( kernel_debug_lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
         }
 
         void __lib_debug_release() {
-                unlock( &kernel_debug_lock );
+                unlock( kernel_debug_lock );
         }
 }
@@ -574 +574 @@
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Locks
-void ?{}( spinlock & this ) {
-        this.lock = 0;
-}
-void ^?{}( spinlock & this ) {
-
-}
-
-bool try_lock( spinlock * this DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 ) {
-        return this->lock == 0 && __sync_lock_test_and_set_4( &this->lock, 1 ) == 0;
-}
-
-void lock( spinlock * this DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 ) {
-        for ( unsigned int i = 1;; i += 1 ) {
-                if ( this->lock == 0 && __sync_lock_test_and_set_4( &this->lock, 1 ) == 0 ) { break; }
-        }
-        LIB_DEBUG_DO(
-                this->prev_name = caller;
-                this->prev_thrd = this_thread;
-        )
-}
-
-void lock_yield( spinlock * this DEBUG_CTX_PARAM2 ) {
-        for ( unsigned int i = 1;; i += 1 ) {
-                if ( this->lock == 0 && __sync_lock_test_and_set_4( &this->lock, 1 ) == 0 ) { break; }
-                yield();
-        }
-        LIB_DEBUG_DO(
-                this->prev_name = caller;
-                this->prev_thrd = this_thread;
-        )
-}
-
-
-void unlock( spinlock * this ) {
-        __sync_lock_release_4( &this->lock );
-}
-
 void  ?{}( semaphore & this, int count = 1 ) {
         (this.lock){};
@@ -619 +582 @@
 
 void P(semaphore & this) {
-        lock( &this.lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+        lock( this.lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
         this.count -= 1;
         if ( this.count < 0 ) {
@@ -629 +592 @@
         }
         else {
-            unlock( &this.lock );
+            unlock( this.lock );
         }
 }
@@ -635 +598 @@
 void V(semaphore & this) {
         thread_desc * thrd = NULL;
-        lock( &this.lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+        lock( this.lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
         this.count += 1;
         if ( this.count <= 0 ) {
@@ -642 +605 @@
         }
 
-        unlock( &this.lock );
+        unlock( this.lock );
 
         // make new owner

src/libcfa/concurrency/kernel_private.h

@@ -45 +45 @@
 //Block current thread and release/wake-up the following resources
 void BlockInternal(void);
-void BlockInternal(spinlock * lock);
+void BlockInternal(__spinlock_t * lock);
 void BlockInternal(thread_desc * thrd);
-void BlockInternal(spinlock * lock, thread_desc * thrd);
-void BlockInternal(spinlock * locks [], unsigned short count);
-void BlockInternal(spinlock * locks [], unsigned short count, thread_desc * thrds [], unsigned short thrd_count);
-void LeaveThread(spinlock * lock, thread_desc * thrd);
+void BlockInternal(__spinlock_t * lock, thread_desc * thrd);
+void BlockInternal(__spinlock_t * locks [], unsigned short count);
+void BlockInternal(__spinlock_t * locks [], unsigned short count, thread_desc * thrds [], unsigned short thrd_count);
+void LeaveThread(__spinlock_t * lock, thread_desc * thrd);
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -66 +66 @@
 struct event_kernel_t {
         alarm_list_t alarms;
-        spinlock lock;
+        __spinlock_t lock;
 };
 

src/libcfa/concurrency/monitor.c

@@ -34 +34 @@
 static inline bool is_accepted( monitor_desc * this, const __monitor_group_t & monitors );
 
-static inline void lock_all  ( spinlock * locks [], __lock_size_t count );
-static inline void lock_all  ( monitor_desc * source [], spinlock * /*out*/ locks [], __lock_size_t count );
-static inline void unlock_all( spinlock * locks [], __lock_size_t count );
+static inline void lock_all  ( __spinlock_t * locks [], __lock_size_t count );
+static inline void lock_all  ( monitor_desc * source [], __spinlock_t * /*out*/ locks [], __lock_size_t count );
+static inline void unlock_all( __spinlock_t * locks [], __lock_size_t count );
 static inline void unlock_all( monitor_desc * locks [], __lock_size_t count );
 
-static inline void save   ( monitor_desc * ctx [], __lock_size_t count, spinlock * locks [], unsigned int /*out*/ recursions [], __waitfor_mask_t /*out*/ masks [] );
-static inline void restore( monitor_desc * ctx [], __lock_size_t count, spinlock * locks [], unsigned int /*in */ recursions [], __waitfor_mask_t /*in */ masks [] );
+static inline void save   ( monitor_desc * ctx [], __lock_size_t count, __spinlock_t * locks [], unsigned int /*out*/ recursions [], __waitfor_mask_t /*out*/ masks [] );
+static inline void restore( monitor_desc * ctx [], __lock_size_t count, __spinlock_t * locks [], unsigned int /*in */ recursions [], __waitfor_mask_t /*in */ masks [] );
 
 static inline void init     ( __lock_size_t count, monitor_desc * monitors [], __condition_node_t & waiter, __condition_criterion_t criteria [] );
@@ -53 +53 @@
 static inline __lock_size_t count_max    ( const __waitfor_mask_t & mask );
 static inline __lock_size_t aggregate    ( monitor_desc * storage [], const __waitfor_mask_t & mask );
+
+#ifndef __CFA_LOCK_NO_YIELD
+#define DO_LOCK lock_yield
+#else
+#define DO_LOCK lock
+#endif
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -71 +77 @@
         unsigned int recursions[ count ];                         /* Save the current recursion levels to restore them later                             */ \
         __waitfor_mask_t masks [ count ];                         /* Save the current waitfor masks to restore them later                                */ \
-        spinlock *   locks     [ count ];                         /* We need to pass-in an array of locks to BlockInternal                               */ \
+        __spinlock_t *   locks [ count ];                         /* We need to pass-in an array of locks to BlockInternal                               */ \
 
 #define monitor_save    save   ( monitors, count, locks, recursions, masks )
@@ -84 +90 @@
         // Enter single monitor
         static void __enter_monitor_desc( monitor_desc * this, const __monitor_group_t & group ) {
-                // Lock the monitor spinlock, lock_yield to reduce contention
-                lock_yield( &this->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+                // Lock the monitor spinlock
+                DO_LOCK( this->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
                 thread_desc * thrd = this_thread;
 
@@ -127 +133 @@
 
                 // Release the lock and leave
-                unlock( &this->lock );
+                unlock( this->lock );
                 return;
         }
 
         static void __enter_monitor_dtor( monitor_desc * this, fptr_t func ) {
-                // Lock the monitor spinlock, lock_yield to reduce contention
-                lock_yield( &this->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+                // Lock the monitor spinlock
+                DO_LOCK( this->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
                 thread_desc * thrd = this_thread;
 
@@ -145 +151 @@
                         set_owner( this, thrd );
 
-                        unlock( &this->lock );
+                        unlock( this->lock );
                         return;
                 }
@@ -196 +202 @@
         // Leave single monitor
         void __leave_monitor_desc( monitor_desc * this ) {
-                // Lock the monitor spinlock, lock_yield to reduce contention
-                lock_yield( &this->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+                // Lock the monitor spinlock, DO_LOCK to reduce contention
+                DO_LOCK( this->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
 
                 LIB_DEBUG_PRINT_SAFE("Kernel : %10p Leaving mon %p (%p)\n", this_thread, this, this->owner);
@@ -210 +216 @@
                 if( this->recursion != 0) {
                         LIB_DEBUG_PRINT_SAFE("Kernel :  recursion still %d\n", this->recursion);
-                        unlock( &this->lock );
+                        unlock( this->lock );
                         return;
                 }
@@ -218 +224 @@
 
                 // We can now let other threads in safely
-                unlock( &this->lock );
+                unlock( this->lock );
 
                 //We need to wake-up the thread
@@ -243 +249 @@
 
                 // Lock the monitor now
-                lock_yield( &this->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+                DO_LOCK( this->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
 
                 disable_interrupts();
@@ -730 +736 @@
 }
 
-static inline void lock_all( spinlock * locks [], __lock_size_t count ) {
+static inline void lock_all( __spinlock_t * locks [], __lock_size_t count ) {
         for( __lock_size_t i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
-                lock_yield( locks[i] DEBUG_CTX2 );
-        }
-}
-
-static inline void lock_all( monitor_desc * source [], spinlock * /*out*/ locks [], __lock_size_t count ) {
+                DO_LOCK( *locks[i] DEBUG_CTX2 );
+        }
+}
+
+static inline void lock_all( monitor_desc * source [], __spinlock_t * /*out*/ locks [], __lock_size_t count ) {
         for( __lock_size_t i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
-                spinlock * l = &source[i]->lock;
-                lock_yield( l DEBUG_CTX2 );
+                __spinlock_t * l = &source[i]->lock;
+                DO_LOCK( *l DEBUG_CTX2 );
                 if(locks) locks[i] = l;
         }
 }
 
-static inline void unlock_all( spinlock * locks [], __lock_size_t count ) {
+static inline void unlock_all( __spinlock_t * locks [], __lock_size_t count ) {
         for( __lock_size_t i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
-                unlock( locks[i] );
+                unlock( *locks[i] );
         }
 }
@@ -752 +758 @@
 static inline void unlock_all( monitor_desc * locks [], __lock_size_t count ) {
         for( __lock_size_t i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
-                unlock( &locks[i]->lock );
+                unlock( locks[i]->lock );
         }
 }
@@ -759 +765 @@
         monitor_desc * ctx [],
         __lock_size_t count,
-        __attribute((unused)) spinlock * locks [],
+        __attribute((unused)) __spinlock_t * locks [],
         unsigned int /*out*/ recursions [],
         __waitfor_mask_t /*out*/ masks []
@@ -772 +778 @@
         monitor_desc * ctx [],
         __lock_size_t count,
-        spinlock * locks [],
+        __spinlock_t * locks [],
         unsigned int /*out*/ recursions [],
         __waitfor_mask_t /*out*/ masks []

src/libcfa/concurrency/preemption.c

@@ -355 +355 @@
                 case SI_KERNEL:
                         // LIB_DEBUG_PRINT_SAFE("Kernel : Preemption thread tick\n");
-                        lock( &event_kernel->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
+                        lock( event_kernel->lock DEBUG_CTX2 );
                         tick_preemption();
-                        unlock( &event_kernel->lock );
+                        unlock( event_kernel->lock );
                         break;
                 // Signal was not sent by the kernel but by an other thread

src/prelude/builtins.c

@@ -80 +80 @@
 } // ?\?
 
-static inline forall( otype T | { void ?{}( T & this, one_t ); T ?*?( T, T ); double ?/?( double, T ); } )
-double ?\?( T x, signed long int y ) {
-    if ( y >=  0 ) return (double)(x \ (unsigned long int)y);
-    else return 1.0 / x \ (unsigned long int)(-y);
-} // ?\?
+// FIXME (x \ (unsigned long int)y) relies on X ?\?(T, unsigned long) a function that is neither 
+// defined, nor passed as an assertion parameter. Without user-defined conversions, cannot specify 
+// X as a type that casts to double, yet it doesn't make sense to write functions with that type 
+// signature where X is double.
+
+// static inline forall( otype T | { void ?{}( T & this, one_t ); T ?*?( T, T ); double ?/?( double, T ); } )
+// double ?\?( T x, signed long int y ) {
+//     if ( y >=  0 ) return (double)(x \ (unsigned long int)y);
+//     else return 1.0 / x \ (unsigned long int)(-y);
+// } // ?\?
 
 static inline long int ?\=?( long int & x, unsigned long int y ) { x = x \ y; return x; }