Changeset 271326e for doc

Timestamp:

Feb 15, 2018, 4:00:40 PM (6 years ago)

Author:

Aaron Moss <a3moss@…>

Branches:

ADT, aaron-thesis, arm-eh, ast-experimental, cleanup-dtors, deferred_resn, demangler, enum, forall-pointer-decay, jacob/cs343-translation, jenkins-sandbox, master, new-ast, new-ast-unique-expr, new-env, no_list, persistent-indexer, pthread-emulation, qualifiedEnum, resolv-new, with_gc

Children:

359f29f

Parents:

d27e340

Message:

Add name overloading subsection, rebuttal of _Generic

File:

• doc/papers/general/Paper.tex (modified) (5 diffs)

doc/papers/general/Paper.tex

@@ -189 +189 @@
 
 
-\section{Introduction and Background}
+\section{Introduction}
 
 The C programming language is a foundational technology for modern computing with millions of lines of code implementing everything from commercial operating-systems to hobby projects.
@@ -226 +226 @@
 The new constructs are empirically compared with both standard C and \CC; the results show the new design is comparable in performance.
 
-
-\subsection{Polymorphic Functions}
+\section{Polymorphic Functions}
+
+\CFA introduces both ad-hoc and parametric polymorphism to C, with a design originally formalized by Ditchfield~\cite{Ditchfield92}, and first implemented by Bilson~\cite{Bilson03}.
+
+\subsection{Name Overloading}
+
+C already has a limited form of ad-hoc polymorphism in the form of its basic arithmetic operators, which apply to a variety of different types using identical syntax. 
+\CFA extends the built-in operator overloading by allowing users to define overloads for any function, not just operators, and even any variable; Section~\ref{sec:libraries} includes a number of examples of how this overloading simplifies \CFA programming relative to C. 
+Code generation for these overloaded functions and variables is implemented by the usual approach of mangling the identifier names to include a representation of their type, while \CFA decides which overload to apply based on the same ``usual arithmetic conversions'' used in C to disambiguate operator overloads.
+As an example:
+
+\begin{cfa}
+int max(int a, int b) { return a < b ? b : a; }  // (1)
+double max(double a, double b) { return a < b ? b : a; }  // (2)
+
+int max = INT_MAX;     // (3)
+double max = DBL_MAX;  // (4)
+
+max(7, -max);   $\C{// uses (1) and (3), by matching int from constant 7}$
+max(max, 3.14); $\C{// uses (2) and (4), by matching double from constant 3.14}$
+
+//max(max, -max);  $\C{// ERROR: ambiguous}$
+int m = max(max, -max); $\C{// uses (1) once and (3) twice, by matching return type}$
+\end{cfa}
+
+\Celeven did add @_Generic@ expressions, which can be used in preprocessor macros to provide a form of ad-hoc polymorphism; however, this polymorphism is both functionally and ergonomically inferior to \CFA name overloading. 
+The macro wrapping the generic expression imposes some limitations; as an example, it could not implement the example above, because the variables @max@ would collide with the functions @max@. 
+Ergonomic limitations of @_Generic@ include the necessity to put a fixed list of supported types in a single place and manually dispatch to appropriate overloads, as well as possible namespace pollution from the functions dispatched to, which must all have distinct names.
+
+\subsection{\texorpdfstring{\LstKeywordStyle{forall} Functions}{forall Functions}}
 \label{sec:poly-fns}
 
-\CFA{}\hspace{1pt}'s polymorphism was originally formalized by Ditchfield~\cite{Ditchfield92}, and first implemented by Bilson~\cite{Bilson03}.
 The signature feature of \CFA is parametric-polymorphic functions~\cite{forceone:impl,Cormack90,Duggan96} with functions generalized using a @forall@ clause (giving the language its name):
 \begin{lstlisting}
@@ -306 +333 @@
 Hence, programmers can easily form local environments, adding and modifying appropriate functions, to maximize reuse of other existing functions and types.
 
-Finally, \CFA allows variable overloading:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-short int MAX = ...;   int MAX = ...;  double MAX = ...;
-short int s = MAX;    int i = MAX;    double d = MAX;   $\C{// select correct MAX}$
-\end{lstlisting}
-Here, the single name @MAX@ replaces all the C type-specific names: @SHRT_MAX@, @INT_MAX@, @DBL_MAX@.
+%% Redundant with Section~\ref{sec:libraries} %%
+
+% Finally, \CFA allows variable overloading:
+% \begin{lstlisting}
+% short int MAX = ...;   int MAX = ...;  double MAX = ...;
+% short int s = MAX;    int i = MAX;    double d = MAX;   $\C{// select correct MAX}$
+% \end{lstlisting}
+% Here, the single name @MAX@ replaces all the C type-specific names: @SHRT_MAX@, @INT_MAX@, @DBL_MAX@.
 
 \subsection{Traits}
@@ -1331 +1360 @@
 \end{cfa}
 
-
-\subsection{Exception Handling ???}
-
+% \subsection{Exception Handling ???}
 
 \section{Declarations}
@@ -1889 +1916 @@
 
 \section{Libraries}
+\label{sec:libraries}
 
 As stated in Section~\ref{sec:poly-fns}, \CFA inherits a large corpus of library code, where other programming languages must rewrite or provide fragile inter-language communication with C.