Changes in src/InitTweak/InitTweak.cc [c6b4432:14c0f7b]

File:

• src/InitTweak/InitTweak.cc (modified) (19 diffs)

src/InitTweak/InitTweak.cc

@@ -29 +29 @@
 #include "AST/Type.hpp"
 #include "CodeGen/OperatorTable.h" // for isConstructor, isDestructor, isCto...
+#include "Common/PassVisitor.h"
 #include "Common/SemanticError.h"  // for SemanticError
 #include "Common/UniqueName.h"     // for UniqueName
@@ -35 +36 @@
 #include "InitTweak.h"
 #include "ResolvExpr/Unify.h"      // for typesCompatibleIgnoreQualifiers
+#include "SymTab/Autogen.h"
+#include "SymTab/Indexer.h"        // for Indexer
+#include "SynTree/LinkageSpec.h"   // for Spec, isBuiltin, Intrinsic
+#include "SynTree/Attribute.h"     // for Attribute
+#include "SynTree/Constant.h"      // for Constant
+#include "SynTree/Declaration.h"   // for ObjectDecl, DeclarationWithType
+#include "SynTree/Expression.h"    // for Expression, UntypedExpr, Applicati...
+#include "SynTree/Initializer.h"   // for Initializer, ListInit, Designation
+#include "SynTree/Label.h"         // for Label
+#include "SynTree/Statement.h"     // for CompoundStmt, ExprStmt, BranchStmt
+#include "SynTree/Type.h"          // for FunctionType, ArrayType, PointerType
+#include "SynTree/Visitor.h"       // for Visitor, maybeAccept
 #include "Tuples/Tuples.h"         // for Tuples::isTtype
 
 namespace InitTweak {
         namespace {
+                struct HasDesignations : public WithShortCircuiting {
+                        bool hasDesignations = false;
+
+                        void previsit( BaseSyntaxNode * ) {
+                                // short circuit if we already know there are designations
+                                if ( hasDesignations ) visit_children = false;
+                        }
+
+                        void previsit( Designation * des ) {
+                                // short circuit if we already know there are designations
+                                if ( hasDesignations ) visit_children = false;
+                                else if ( ! des->get_designators().empty() ) {
+                                        hasDesignations = true;
+                                        visit_children = false;
+                                }
+                        }
+                };
+
+                struct InitDepthChecker : public WithGuards {
+                        bool depthOkay = true;
+                        Type * type;
+                        int curDepth = 0, maxDepth = 0;
+                        InitDepthChecker( Type * type ) : type( type ) {
+                                Type * t = type;
+                                while ( ArrayType * at = dynamic_cast< ArrayType * >( t ) ) {
+                                        maxDepth++;
+                                        t = at->get_base();
+                                }
+                                maxDepth++;
+                        }
+                        void previsit( ListInit * ) {
+                                curDepth++;
+                                GuardAction( [this]() { curDepth--; } );
+                                if ( curDepth > maxDepth ) depthOkay = false;
+                        }
+                };
+
                 struct HasDesignations_new : public ast::WithShortCircuiting {
                         bool result = false;
@@ -57 +107 @@
                 };
 
-                struct InitDepthChecker_new {
+                struct InitDepthChecker_new : public ast::WithGuards {
                         bool result = true;
                         const ast::Type * type;
@@ -69 +119 @@
                                 maxDepth++;
                         }
-                        void previsit( ast::ListInit const * ) {
+                        void previsit( ListInit * ) {
                                 curDepth++;
+                                GuardAction( [this]() { curDepth--; } );
                                 if ( curDepth > maxDepth ) result = false;
                         }
-                        void postvisit( ast::ListInit const * ) {
-                                curDepth--;
-                        }
+                };
+
+                struct InitFlattener_old : public WithShortCircuiting {
+                        void previsit( SingleInit * singleInit ) {
+                                visit_children = false;
+                                argList.push_back( singleInit->value->clone() );
+                        }
+                        std::list< Expression * > argList;
                 };
 
@@ -88 +144 @@
 
         } // anonymous namespace
+
+        std::list< Expression * > makeInitList( Initializer * init ) {
+                PassVisitor<InitFlattener_old> flattener;
+                maybeAccept( init, flattener );
+                return flattener.pass.argList;
+        }
+
+        bool isDesignated( Initializer * init ) {
+                PassVisitor<HasDesignations> finder;
+                maybeAccept( init, finder );
+                return finder.pass.hasDesignations;
+        }
+
+        bool checkInitDepth( ObjectDecl * objDecl ) {
+                PassVisitor<InitDepthChecker> checker( objDecl->type );
+                maybeAccept( objDecl->init, checker );
+                return checker.pass.depthOkay;
+        }
 
         bool isDesignated( const ast::Init * init ) {
@@ -106 +180 @@
         return std::move( flattener.core.argList );
 }
+
+        class InitExpander_old::ExpanderImpl {
+        public:
+                virtual ~ExpanderImpl() = default;
+                virtual std::list< Expression * > next( std::list< Expression * > & indices ) = 0;
+                virtual Statement * buildListInit( UntypedExpr * callExpr, std::list< Expression * > & indices ) = 0;
+        };
+
+        class InitImpl_old : public InitExpander_old::ExpanderImpl {
+        public:
+                InitImpl_old( Initializer * init ) : init( init ) {}
+                virtual ~InitImpl_old() = default;
+
+                virtual std::list< Expression * > next( __attribute((unused)) std::list< Expression * > & indices ) {
+                        // this is wrong, but just a placeholder for now
+                        // if ( ! flattened ) flatten( indices );
+                        // return ! inits.empty() ? makeInitList( inits.front() ) : std::list< Expression * >();
+                        return makeInitList( init );
+                }
+
+                virtual Statement * buildListInit( UntypedExpr * callExpr, std::list< Expression * > & indices );
+        private:
+                Initializer * init;
+        };
+
+        class ExprImpl_old : public InitExpander_old::ExpanderImpl {
+        public:
+                ExprImpl_old( Expression * expr ) : arg( expr ) {}
+                virtual ~ExprImpl_old() { delete arg; }
+
+                virtual std::list< Expression * > next( std::list< Expression * > & indices ) {
+                        std::list< Expression * > ret;
+                        Expression * expr = maybeClone( arg );
+                        if ( expr ) {
+                                for ( std::list< Expression * >::reverse_iterator it = indices.rbegin(); it != indices.rend(); ++it ) {
+                                        // go through indices and layer on subscript exprs ?[?]
+                                        ++it;
+                                        UntypedExpr * subscriptExpr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?[?]") );
+                                        subscriptExpr->get_args().push_back( expr );
+                                        subscriptExpr->get_args().push_back( (*it)->clone() );
+                                        expr = subscriptExpr;
+                                }
+                                ret.push_back( expr );
+                        }
+                        return ret;
+                }
+
+                virtual Statement * buildListInit( UntypedExpr * callExpr, std::list< Expression * > & indices );
+        private:
+                Expression * arg;
+        };
+
+        InitExpander_old::InitExpander_old( Initializer * init ) : expander( new InitImpl_old( init ) ) {}
+
+        InitExpander_old::InitExpander_old( Expression * expr ) : expander( new ExprImpl_old( expr ) ) {}
+
+        std::list< Expression * > InitExpander_old::operator*() {
+                return cur;
+        }
+
+        InitExpander_old & InitExpander_old::operator++() {
+                cur = expander->next( indices );
+                return *this;
+        }
+
+        // use array indices list to build switch statement
+        void InitExpander_old::addArrayIndex( Expression * index, Expression * dimension ) {
+                indices.push_back( index );
+                indices.push_back( dimension );
+        }
+
+        void InitExpander_old::clearArrayIndices() {
+                deleteAll( indices );
+                indices.clear();
+        }
+
+        bool InitExpander_old::addReference() {
+                bool added = false;
+                for ( Expression *& expr : cur ) {
+                        expr = new AddressExpr( expr );
+                        added = true;
+                }
+                return added;
+        }
+
+        namespace {
+                /// given index i, dimension d, initializer init, and callExpr f, generates
+                ///   if (i < d) f(..., init)
+                ///   ++i;
+                /// so that only elements within the range of the array are constructed
+                template< typename OutIterator >
+                void buildCallExpr( UntypedExpr * callExpr, Expression * index, Expression * dimension, Initializer * init, OutIterator out ) {
+                        UntypedExpr * cond = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?<?") );
+                        cond->get_args().push_back( index->clone() );
+                        cond->get_args().push_back( dimension->clone() );
+
+                        std::list< Expression * > args = makeInitList( init );
+                        callExpr->get_args().splice( callExpr->get_args().end(), args );
+
+                        *out++ = new IfStmt( cond, new ExprStmt( callExpr ), nullptr );
+
+                        UntypedExpr * increment = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "++?" ) );
+                        increment->get_args().push_back( index->clone() );
+                        *out++ = new ExprStmt( increment );
+                }
+
+                template< typename OutIterator >
+                void build( UntypedExpr * callExpr, InitExpander_old::IndexList::iterator idx, InitExpander_old::IndexList::iterator idxEnd, Initializer * init, OutIterator out ) {
+                        if ( idx == idxEnd ) return;
+                        Expression * index = *idx++;
+                        assert( idx != idxEnd );
+                        Expression * dimension = *idx++;
+
+                        // xxx - may want to eventually issue a warning here if we can detect
+                        // that the number of elements exceeds to dimension of the array
+                        if ( idx == idxEnd ) {
+                                if ( ListInit * listInit = dynamic_cast< ListInit * >( init ) ) {
+                                        for ( Initializer * init : *listInit ) {
+                                                buildCallExpr( callExpr->clone(), index, dimension, init, out );
+                                        }
+                                } else {
+                                        buildCallExpr( callExpr->clone(), index, dimension, init, out );
+                                }
+                        } else {
+                                std::list< Statement * > branches;
+
+                                unsigned long cond = 0;
+                                ListInit * listInit = dynamic_cast< ListInit * >( init );
+                                if ( ! listInit ) {
+                                        // xxx - this shouldn't be an error, but need a way to
+                                        // terminate without creating output, so should catch this error
+                                        SemanticError( init->location, "unbalanced list initializers" );
+                                }
+
+                                static UniqueName targetLabel( "L__autogen__" );
+                                Label switchLabel( targetLabel.newName(), 0, std::list< Attribute * >{ new Attribute("unused") } );
+                                for ( Initializer * init : *listInit ) {
+                                        Expression * condition;
+                                        // check for designations
+                                        // if ( init-> ) {
+                                                condition = new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_ulong( cond ) );
+                                                ++cond;
+                                        // } else {
+                                        //      condition = // ... take designation
+                                        //      cond = // ... take designation+1
+                                        // }
+                                        std::list< Statement * > stmts;
+                                        build( callExpr, idx, idxEnd, init, back_inserter( stmts ) );
+                                        stmts.push_back( new BranchStmt( switchLabel, BranchStmt::Break ) );
+                                        CaseStmt * caseStmt = new CaseStmt( condition, stmts );
+                                        branches.push_back( caseStmt );
+                                }
+                                *out++ = new SwitchStmt( index->clone(), branches );
+                                *out++ = new NullStmt( { switchLabel } );
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        // if array came with an initializer list: initialize each element
+        // may have more initializers than elements in the array - need to check at each index that
+        // we haven't exceeded size.
+        // may have fewer initializers than elements in the array - need to default construct
+        // remaining elements.
+        // To accomplish this, generate switch statement, consuming all of expander's elements
+        Statement * InitImpl_old::buildListInit( UntypedExpr * dst, std::list< Expression * > & indices ) {
+                if ( ! init ) return nullptr;
+                CompoundStmt * block = new CompoundStmt();
+                build( dst, indices.begin(), indices.end(), init, back_inserter( block->get_kids() ) );
+                if ( block->get_kids().empty() ) {
+                        delete block;
+                        return nullptr;
+                } else {
+                        init = nullptr; // init was consumed in creating the list init
+                        return block;
+                }
+        }
+
+        Statement * ExprImpl_old::buildListInit( UntypedExpr *, std::list< Expression * > & ) {
+                return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        Statement * InitExpander_old::buildListInit( UntypedExpr * dst ) {
+                return expander->buildListInit( dst, indices );
+        }
 
 class InitExpander_new::ExpanderImpl {
@@ -277 +535 @@
 }
 
+        Type * getTypeofThis( FunctionType * ftype ) {
+                assertf( ftype, "getTypeofThis: nullptr ftype" );
+                ObjectDecl * thisParam = getParamThis( ftype );
+                ReferenceType * refType = strict_dynamic_cast< ReferenceType * >( thisParam->type );
+                return refType->base;
+        }
+
         const ast::Type * getTypeofThis( const ast::FunctionType * ftype ) {
                 assertf( ftype, "getTypeofThis: nullptr ftype" );
@@ -287 +552 @@
         }
 
+        ObjectDecl * getParamThis( FunctionType * ftype ) {
+                assertf( ftype, "getParamThis: nullptr ftype" );
+                auto & params = ftype->parameters;
+                assertf( ! params.empty(), "getParamThis: ftype with 0 parameters: %s", toString( ftype ).c_str() );
+                return strict_dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl * >( params.front() );
+        }
+
         const ast::ObjectDecl * getParamThis(const ast::FunctionDecl * func) {
                 assertf( func, "getParamThis: nullptr ftype" );
@@ -292 +564 @@
                 assertf( ! params.empty(), "getParamThis: ftype with 0 parameters: %s", toString( func ).c_str());
                 return params.front().strict_as<ast::ObjectDecl>();
+        }
+
+        bool tryConstruct( DeclarationWithType * dwt ) {
+                ObjectDecl * objDecl = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl * >( dwt );
+                if ( ! objDecl ) return false;
+                return (objDecl->get_init() == nullptr ||
+                                ( objDecl->get_init() != nullptr && objDecl->get_init()->get_maybeConstructed() ))
+                        && ! objDecl->get_storageClasses().is_extern
+                        && isConstructable( objDecl->type );
+        }
+
+        bool isConstructable( Type * type ) {
+                return ! dynamic_cast< VarArgsType * >( type ) && ! dynamic_cast< ReferenceType * >( type ) && ! dynamic_cast< FunctionType * >( type ) && ! Tuples::isTtype( type );
         }
 
@@ -308 +593 @@
         }
 
+        struct CallFinder_old {
+                CallFinder_old( const std::list< std::string > & names ) : names( names ) {}
+
+                void postvisit( ApplicationExpr * appExpr ) {
+                        handleCallExpr( appExpr );
+                }
+
+                void postvisit( UntypedExpr * untypedExpr ) {
+                        handleCallExpr( untypedExpr );
+                }
+
+                std::list< Expression * > * matches;
+        private:
+                const std::list< std::string > names;
+
+                template< typename CallExpr >
+                void handleCallExpr( CallExpr * expr ) {
+                        std::string fname = getFunctionName( expr );
+                        if ( std::find( names.begin(), names.end(), fname ) != names.end() ) {
+                                matches->push_back( expr );
+                        }
+                }
+        };
+
         struct CallFinder_new final {
                 std::vector< const ast::Expr * > matches;
@@ -325 +634 @@
         };
 
+        void collectCtorDtorCalls( Statement * stmt, std::list< Expression * > & matches ) {
+                static PassVisitor<CallFinder_old> finder( std::list< std::string >{ "?{}", "^?{}" } );
+                finder.pass.matches = &matches;
+                maybeAccept( stmt, finder );
+        }
+
         std::vector< const ast::Expr * > collectCtorDtorCalls( const ast::Stmt * stmt ) {
                 ast::Pass< CallFinder_new > finder{ std::vector< std::string >{ "?{}", "^?{}" } };
@@ -331 +646 @@
         }
 
+        Expression * getCtorDtorCall( Statement * stmt ) {
+                std::list< Expression * > matches;
+                collectCtorDtorCalls( stmt, matches );
+                assertf( matches.size() <= 1, "%zd constructor/destructors found in %s", matches.size(), toString( stmt ).c_str() );
+                return matches.size() == 1 ? matches.front() : nullptr;
+        }
+
         namespace {
+                DeclarationWithType * getCalledFunction( Expression * expr );
+
+                template<typename CallExpr>
+                DeclarationWithType * handleDerefCalledFunction( CallExpr * expr ) {
+                        // (*f)(x) => should get "f"
+                        std::string name = getFunctionName( expr );
+                        assertf( name == "*?", "Unexpected untyped expression: %s", name.c_str() );
+                        assertf( ! expr->get_args().empty(), "Cannot get called function from dereference with no arguments" );
+                        return getCalledFunction( expr->get_args().front() );
+                }
+
+                DeclarationWithType * getCalledFunction( Expression * expr ) {
+                        assert( expr );
+                        if ( VariableExpr * varExpr = dynamic_cast< VariableExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                                return varExpr->var;
+                        } else if ( MemberExpr * memberExpr = dynamic_cast< MemberExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                                return memberExpr->member;
+                        } else if ( CastExpr * castExpr = dynamic_cast< CastExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                                return getCalledFunction( castExpr->arg );
+                        } else if ( UntypedExpr * untypedExpr = dynamic_cast< UntypedExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                                return handleDerefCalledFunction( untypedExpr );
+                        } else if ( ApplicationExpr * appExpr = dynamic_cast< ApplicationExpr * > ( expr ) ) {
+                                return handleDerefCalledFunction( appExpr );
+                        } else if ( AddressExpr * addrExpr = dynamic_cast< AddressExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                                return getCalledFunction( addrExpr->arg );
+                        } else if ( CommaExpr * commaExpr = dynamic_cast< CommaExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                                return getCalledFunction( commaExpr->arg2 );
+                        }
+                        return nullptr;
+                }
+
+                DeclarationWithType * getFunctionCore( const Expression * expr ) {
+                        if ( const auto * appExpr = dynamic_cast< const ApplicationExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                                return getCalledFunction( appExpr->function );
+                        } else if ( const auto * untyped = dynamic_cast< const UntypedExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                                return getCalledFunction( untyped->function );
+                        }
+                        assertf( false, "getFunction with unknown expression: %s", toString( expr ).c_str() );
+                }
+        }
+
+        DeclarationWithType * getFunction( Expression * expr ) {
+                return getFunctionCore( expr );
+        }
+
+        const DeclarationWithType * getFunction( const Expression * expr ) {
+                return getFunctionCore( expr );
+        }
+
+        ApplicationExpr * isIntrinsicCallExpr( Expression * expr ) {
+                ApplicationExpr * appExpr = dynamic_cast< ApplicationExpr * >( expr );
+                if ( ! appExpr ) return nullptr;
+                DeclarationWithType * function = getCalledFunction( appExpr->get_function() );
+                assertf( function, "getCalledFunction returned nullptr: %s", toString( appExpr->get_function() ).c_str() );
+                // check for Intrinsic only - don't want to remove all overridable ctor/dtors because autogenerated ctor/dtor
+                // will call all member dtors, and some members may have a user defined dtor.
+                return function->get_linkage() == LinkageSpec::Intrinsic ? appExpr : nullptr;
+        }
+
+        namespace {
+                template <typename Predicate>
+                bool allofCtorDtor( Statement * stmt, const Predicate & pred ) {
+                        std::list< Expression * > callExprs;
+                        collectCtorDtorCalls( stmt, callExprs );
+                        return std::all_of( callExprs.begin(), callExprs.end(), pred);
+                }
+
                 template <typename Predicate>
                 bool allofCtorDtor( const ast::Stmt * stmt, const Predicate & pred ) {
@@ -337 +726 @@
                         return std::all_of( callExprs.begin(), callExprs.end(), pred );
                 }
+        }
+
+        bool isIntrinsicSingleArgCallStmt( Statement * stmt ) {
+                return allofCtorDtor( stmt, []( Expression * callExpr ){
+                        if ( ApplicationExpr * appExpr = isIntrinsicCallExpr( callExpr ) ) {
+                                FunctionType *funcType = GenPoly::getFunctionType( appExpr->function->result );
+                                assert( funcType );
+                                return funcType->get_parameters().size() == 1;
+                        }
+                        return false;
+                });
         }
 
@@ -349 +749 @@
                         return false;
                 });
+        }
+
+        bool isIntrinsicCallStmt( Statement * stmt ) {
+                return allofCtorDtor( stmt, []( Expression * callExpr ) {
+                        return isIntrinsicCallExpr( callExpr );
+                });
+        }
+
+        namespace {
+                template<typename CallExpr>
+                Expression *& callArg( CallExpr * callExpr, unsigned int pos ) {
+                        if ( pos >= callExpr->get_args().size() ) assertf( false, "getCallArg for argument that doesn't exist: (%u); %s.", pos, toString( callExpr ).c_str() );
+                        for ( Expression *& arg : callExpr->get_args() ) {
+                                if ( pos == 0 ) return arg;
+                                pos--;
+                        }
+                        assert( false );
+                }
+        }
+
+        Expression *& getCallArg( Expression * callExpr, unsigned int pos ) {
+                if ( ApplicationExpr * appExpr = dynamic_cast< ApplicationExpr * >( callExpr ) ) {
+                        return callArg( appExpr, pos );
+                } else if ( UntypedExpr * untypedExpr = dynamic_cast< UntypedExpr * >( callExpr ) ) {
+                        return callArg( untypedExpr, pos );
+                } else if ( TupleAssignExpr * tupleExpr = dynamic_cast< TupleAssignExpr * > ( callExpr ) ) {
+                        std::list< Statement * > & stmts = tupleExpr->get_stmtExpr()->get_statements()->get_kids();
+                        assertf( ! stmts.empty(), "TupleAssignExpr somehow has no statements." );
+                        ExprStmt * stmt = strict_dynamic_cast< ExprStmt * >( stmts.back() );
+                        TupleExpr * tuple = strict_dynamic_cast< TupleExpr * >( stmt->get_expr() );
+                        assertf( ! tuple->get_exprs().empty(), "TupleAssignExpr somehow has empty tuple expr." );
+                        return getCallArg( tuple->get_exprs().front(), pos );
+                } else if ( ImplicitCopyCtorExpr * copyCtor = dynamic_cast< ImplicitCopyCtorExpr * >( callExpr ) ) {
+                        return getCallArg( copyCtor->callExpr, pos );
+                } else {
+                        assertf( false, "Unexpected expression type passed to getCallArg: %s", toString( callExpr ).c_str() );
+                }
+        }
+
+        namespace {
+                std::string funcName( Expression * func );
+
+                template<typename CallExpr>
+                std::string handleDerefName( CallExpr * expr ) {
+                        // (*f)(x) => should get name "f"
+                        std::string name = getFunctionName( expr );
+                        assertf( name == "*?", "Unexpected untyped expression: %s", name.c_str() );
+                        assertf( ! expr->get_args().empty(), "Cannot get function name from dereference with no arguments" );
+                        return funcName( expr->get_args().front() );
+                }
+
+                std::string funcName( Expression * func ) {
+                        if ( NameExpr * nameExpr = dynamic_cast< NameExpr * >( func ) ) {
+                                return nameExpr->get_name();
+                        } else if ( VariableExpr * varExpr = dynamic_cast< VariableExpr * >( func ) ) {
+                                return varExpr->get_var()->get_name();
+                        } else if ( CastExpr * castExpr = dynamic_cast< CastExpr * >( func ) ) {
+                                return funcName( castExpr->get_arg() );
+                        } else if ( MemberExpr * memberExpr = dynamic_cast< MemberExpr * >( func ) ) {
+                                return memberExpr->get_member()->get_name();
+                        } else if ( UntypedMemberExpr * memberExpr = dynamic_cast< UntypedMemberExpr * > ( func ) ) {
+                                return funcName( memberExpr->get_member() );
+                        } else if ( UntypedExpr * untypedExpr = dynamic_cast< UntypedExpr * >( func ) ) {
+                                return handleDerefName( untypedExpr );
+                        } else if ( ApplicationExpr * appExpr = dynamic_cast< ApplicationExpr * >( func ) ) {
+                                return handleDerefName( appExpr );
+                        } else if ( ConstructorExpr * ctorExpr = dynamic_cast< ConstructorExpr * >( func ) ) {
+                                return funcName( getCallArg( ctorExpr->get_callExpr(), 0 ) );
+                        } else {
+                                assertf( false, "Unexpected expression type being called as a function in call expression: %s", toString( func ).c_str() );
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        std::string getFunctionName( Expression * expr ) {
+                // there's some unforunate overlap here with getCalledFunction. Ideally this would be able to use getCalledFunction and
+                // return the name of the DeclarationWithType, but this needs to work for NameExpr and UntypedMemberExpr, where getCalledFunction
+                // can't possibly do anything reasonable.
+                if ( ApplicationExpr * appExpr = dynamic_cast< ApplicationExpr * >( expr ) ) {
+                        return funcName( appExpr->get_function() );
+                } else if ( UntypedExpr * untypedExpr = dynamic_cast< UntypedExpr * > ( expr ) ) {
+                        return funcName( untypedExpr->get_function() );
+                } else {
+                        std::cerr << expr << std::endl;
+                        assertf( false, "Unexpected expression type passed to getFunctionName" );
+                }
+        }
+
+        Type * getPointerBase( Type * type ) {
+                if ( PointerType * ptrType = dynamic_cast< PointerType * >( type ) ) {
+                        return ptrType->get_base();
+                } else if ( ArrayType * arrayType = dynamic_cast< ArrayType * >( type ) ) {
+                        return arrayType->get_base();
+                } else if ( ReferenceType * refType = dynamic_cast< ReferenceType * >( type ) ) {
+                        return refType->get_base();
+                } else {
+                        return nullptr;
+                }
+        }
+
+        Type * isPointerType( Type * type ) {
+                return getPointerBase( type ) ? type : nullptr;
+        }
+
+        ApplicationExpr * createBitwiseAssignment( Expression * dst, Expression * src ) {
+                static FunctionDecl * assign = nullptr;
+                if ( ! assign ) {
+                        // temporary? Generate a fake assignment operator to represent bitwise assignments.
+                        // This operator could easily exist as a real function, but it's tricky because nothing should resolve to this function.
+                        TypeDecl * td = new TypeDecl( "T", noStorageClasses, nullptr, TypeDecl::Dtype, true );
+                        assign = new FunctionDecl( "?=?", noStorageClasses, LinkageSpec::Intrinsic, SymTab::genAssignType( new TypeInstType( noQualifiers, td->name, td ) ), nullptr );
+                }
+                if ( dynamic_cast< ReferenceType * >( dst->result ) ) {
+                        for (int depth = dst->result->referenceDepth(); depth > 0; depth--) {
+                                dst = new AddressExpr( dst );
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        dst = new CastExpr( dst, new ReferenceType( noQualifiers, dst->result->clone() ) );
+                }
+                if ( dynamic_cast< ReferenceType * >( src->result ) ) {
+                        for (int depth = src->result->referenceDepth(); depth > 0; depth--) {
+                                src = new AddressExpr( src );
+                        }
+                }
+                return new ApplicationExpr( VariableExpr::functionPointer( assign ), { dst, src } );
         }
 
@@ -380 +905 @@
                 return app;
         }
+
+        struct ConstExprChecker : public WithShortCircuiting {
+                // most expressions are not const expr
+                void previsit( Expression * ) { isConstExpr = false; visit_children = false; }
+
+                void previsit( AddressExpr *addressExpr ) {
+                        visit_children = false;
+
+                        // address of a variable or member expression is constexpr
+                        Expression * arg = addressExpr->get_arg();
+                        if ( ! dynamic_cast< NameExpr * >( arg) && ! dynamic_cast< VariableExpr * >( arg ) && ! dynamic_cast< MemberExpr * >( arg ) && ! dynamic_cast< UntypedMemberExpr * >( arg ) ) isConstExpr = false;
+                }
+
+                // these expressions may be const expr, depending on their children
+                void previsit( SizeofExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( AlignofExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( UntypedOffsetofExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( OffsetofExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( OffsetPackExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( CommaExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( LogicalExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( ConditionalExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( CastExpr * ) {}
+                void previsit( ConstantExpr * ) {}
+
+                void previsit( VariableExpr * varExpr ) {
+                        visit_children = false;
+
+                        if ( EnumInstType * inst = dynamic_cast< EnumInstType * >( varExpr->result ) ) {
+                                long long int value;
+                                if ( inst->baseEnum->valueOf( varExpr->var, value ) ) {
+                                        // enumerators are const expr
+                                        return;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        isConstExpr = false;
+                }
+
+                bool isConstExpr = true;
+        };
 
         struct ConstExprChecker_new : public ast::WithShortCircuiting {
@@ -424 +989 @@
         };
 
+        bool isConstExpr( Expression * expr ) {
+                if ( expr ) {
+                        PassVisitor<ConstExprChecker> checker;
+                        expr->accept( checker );
+                        return checker.pass.isConstExpr;
+                }
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        bool isConstExpr( Initializer * init ) {
+                if ( init ) {
+                        PassVisitor<ConstExprChecker> checker;
+                        init->accept( checker );
+                        return checker.pass.isConstExpr;
+                } // if
+                // for all intents and purposes, no initializer means const expr
+                return true;
+        }
+
         bool isConstExpr( const ast::Expr * expr ) {
                 if ( expr ) {
@@ -443 +1027 @@
         }
 
+        const FunctionDecl * isCopyFunction( const Declaration * decl, const std::string & fname ) {
+                const FunctionDecl * function = dynamic_cast< const FunctionDecl * >( decl );
+                if ( ! function ) return nullptr;
+                if ( function->name != fname ) return nullptr;
+                FunctionType * ftype = function->type;
+                if ( ftype->parameters.size() != 2 ) return nullptr;
+
+                Type * t1 = getPointerBase( ftype->get_parameters().front()->get_type() );
+                Type * t2 = ftype->parameters.back()->get_type();
+                assert( t1 );
+
+                if ( ResolvExpr::typesCompatibleIgnoreQualifiers( t1, t2, SymTab::Indexer() ) ) {
+                        return function;
+                } else {
+                        return nullptr;
+                }
+        }
+
 bool isAssignment( const ast::FunctionDecl * decl ) {
         return CodeGen::isAssignment( decl->name ) && isCopyFunction( decl );
@@ -469 +1071 @@
         return ResolvExpr::typesCompatibleIgnoreQualifiers( t1, t2 );
 }
+
+
+        const FunctionDecl * isAssignment( const Declaration * decl ) {
+                return isCopyFunction( decl, "?=?" );
+        }
+        const FunctionDecl * isDestructor( const Declaration * decl ) {
+                if ( CodeGen::isDestructor( decl->name ) ) {
+                        return dynamic_cast< const FunctionDecl * >( decl );
+                }
+                return nullptr;
+        }
+        const FunctionDecl * isDefaultConstructor( const Declaration * decl ) {
+                if ( CodeGen::isConstructor( decl->name ) ) {
+                        if ( const FunctionDecl * func = dynamic_cast< const FunctionDecl * >( decl ) ) {
+                                if ( func->type->parameters.size() == 1 ) {
+                                        return func;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+                return nullptr;
+        }
+        const FunctionDecl * isCopyConstructor( const Declaration * decl ) {
+                return isCopyFunction( decl, "?{}" );
+        }
 
         #if defined( __x86_64 ) || defined( __i386 ) // assembler comment to prevent assembler warning message
@@ -477 +1103 @@
         static const char * const data_section =  ".data" ASM_COMMENT;
         static const char * const tlsd_section = ".tdata" ASM_COMMENT;
+        void addDataSectionAttribute( ObjectDecl * objDecl ) {
+                const bool is_tls = objDecl->get_storageClasses().is_threadlocal_any();
+                const char * section = is_tls ? tlsd_section : data_section;
+                objDecl->attributes.push_back(new Attribute("section", {
+                        new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_string( section ) )
+                }));
+        }
 
         void addDataSectionAttribute( ast::ObjectDecl * objDecl ) {