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cfa.y @ 1ead581

ADTaaron-thesisarm-ehast-experimentalcleanup-dtorsctordeferred_resndemanglerenumforall-pointer-decaygc_noraiijacob/cs343-translationjenkins-sandboxmemorynew-astnew-ast-unique-exprnew-envno_listpersistent-indexerpthread-emulationqualifiedEnumresolv-newstringwith_gc

Last change on this file since 1ead581 was 8c17ab0, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 10 years ago
add quoted identifiers, add compilation include directory, reformatted some files
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 99.6 KB

Line
1	/* -- Mode: C --
2	*
3	* CForall Grammar Version 1.0, Copyright (C) Peter A. Buhr 2001 -- Permission is granted to copy this
4	* grammar and to use it within software systems. THIS GRAMMAR IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT
5	* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES.
6	*
7	* cfa.y --
8	*
9	* Author : Peter A. Buhr
10	* Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
11	* Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12	* Last Modified On : Sun Nov 9 22:45:42 2014
13	* Update Count : 881
14	*/
15
16	/* This grammar is based on the ANSI99 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the
17	C grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts
18	have been copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to
19	constitute a new grammar. In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it
20	parses less incorrect language syntax that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless,
21	there are still several semantic checks required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar
22	is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions. */
23
24	/* Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got
25	stuck with the grammar. */
26
27	/* The root language for this grammar is ANSI99 C. All of ANSI99 is parsed, except for:
28
29	1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
30
31	Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI99 C are marked with the comment "ANSI99". This grammar
32	also has two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
33
34	1. nested functions
35	2. generalized lvalues
36	3. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
37	4. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
38
39	All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for
40	Cforall (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language
41	concepts. All of the syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above,
42	there is one unreconcileable parsing problem between ANSI99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is
43	discussed in detail before the "designation" grammar rule. */
44
45	%{
46	#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) /* lexer loads this up each time */
47	#define YYDEBUG 1 /* get the pretty debugging code to compile*/
48
49	#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
50
51	#include <cstdio>
52	#include <stack>
53	#include "TypedefTable.h"
54	#include "lex.h"
55	#include "ParseNode.h"
56	#include "LinkageSpec.h"
57
58	DeclarationNode theTree = 0; / the resulting parse tree */
59	LinkageSpec::Type linkage = LinkageSpec::Cforall;
60	std::stack< LinkageSpec::Type > linkageStack;
61	TypedefTable typedefTable;
62	%}
63
64	/*********************** TERMINAL TOKENS ******************************/
65
66	/* keywords */
67	%token TYPEDEF
68	%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
69	%token INLINE /* ANSI99 */
70	%token FORTRAN /* ANSI99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1) */
71	%token CONST VOLATILE
72	%token RESTRICT /* ANSI99 */
73	%token FORALL LVALUE /* CFA */
74	%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
75	%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY /* ANSI99 */
76	%token TYPEOF LABEL /* GCC */
77	%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
78	%token TYPE FTYPE DTYPE CONTEXT /* CFA */
79	%token SIZEOF
80	%token ALIGNOF ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION /* GCC */
81	%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
82	%token CHOOSE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH FINALLY THROW /* CFA */
83	%token ASM /* ANSI99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1) */
84
85	/* names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names */
86	%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
87	%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
88	%token<tok> INTEGERconstant FLOATINGconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
89	%token<tok> ZERO ONE /* CFA */
90
91	/* multi-character operators */
92	%token ARROW /* -> */
93	%token ICR DECR /* ++ -- */
94	%token LS RS /* << >> */
95	%token LE GE EQ NE /* <= >= == != */
96	%token ANDAND OROR /* && \|\| */
97	%token ELLIPSIS /* ... */
98
99	%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign /* = /= %= /
100	%token PLUSassign MINUSassign /* += -= */
101	%token LSassign RSassign /* <<= >>= */
102	%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign /* &= ^= \|= */
103
104	/* Types declaration */
105	%union
106	{
107	Token tok;
108	ParseNode *pn;
109	ExpressionNode *en;
110	DeclarationNode *decl;
111	DeclarationNode::TyCon aggKey;
112	DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
113	StatementNode *sn;
114	ConstantNode *constant;
115	InitializerNode *in;
116	}
117
118	%type<tok> zero_one identifier no_attr_identifier no_01_identifier
119	%type<tok> identifier_or_typedef_name no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name
120	%type<constant> string_literal_list
121
122	/* expressions */
123	%type<constant> constant
124	%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
125	%type<en> unary_operator assignment_operator
126	%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
127	%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
128	%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
129	%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
130	%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
131	%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
132	%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression for_control_expression assignment_opt
133	%type<en> subrange
134
135	/* statements */
136	%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
137	%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
138	%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
139	%type<sn> statement statement_list
140	%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
141	%type<sn> case_clause
142	%type<en> case_value case_value_list
143	%type<sn> case_label case_label_list
144	%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
145	%type<pn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
146
147	/* declarations */
148	%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
149	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
150	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
151
152	%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
153	%type<decl> aggregate_name
154
155	%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
156
157	%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
158
159	%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
160
161	%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
162
163	%type<decl> context_declaration context_declaration_list context_declaring_list context_specifier
164
165	%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
166	%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
167
168	%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
169
170	%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
171	%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
172
173	%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
174
175	%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
176	%type<en> field field_list
177
178	%type<decl> function_array function_declarator function_definition function_no_ptr function_ptr
179
180	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
181	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
182
183	%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
184	%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
185	%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
186
187	%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
188
189	%type<decl> new_context_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
190	%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
191
192	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
193	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
194
195	%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
196
197	%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
198
199	%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
200	%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
201
202	%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
203	%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
204
205	%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_typedef
206
207	%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_name storage_class_list
208
209	%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
210
211	%type<tclass> type_class
212	%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
213
214	%type<decl> typedef typedef_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
215	%type<decl> typedef_function typedef_parameter_array typedef_parameter_function typedef_parameter_ptr
216	%type<decl> typedef_parameter_redeclarator typedef_ptr typedef_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
217	%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier
218
219	%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
220	%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
221
222	%type<en> type_name_list
223
224	%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
225
226	%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
227	%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
228
229	/* initializers */
230	%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
231
232	/* designators */
233	%type<en> designator designator_list designation
234
235
236	/* Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
237	is ambiguous:
238	.---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
239	if ( C ) S1 else S2
240	`-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
241
242	%nonassoc THEN /* rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement */
243	%nonassoc ELSE /* token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement */
244
245	%start translation_unit /* parse-tree root */
246
247	%%
248	/*********************** Namespace Management ******************************/
249
250	/* The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal
251	symbols "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a
252	purely context-free grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic
253	constructs. Hence, this grammar uses the ANSI style.
254
255	Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance,
256	those introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parametrized types.
257	This latter type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
258
259	Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context
260	information, it accesses a data structure (the TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that
261	it has just read. Semantic actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of
262	identifiers change.
263
264	Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its
265	class in a local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can
266	be local to a particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing
267	between type names that are local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of
268	the declaration (i.e., names defined in "typedef" or "type" declarations).
269
270	The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and
271	closing of scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do
272	not always occur within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly
273	necessary from a semantic point of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing
274	conflicts -- the parser may not have enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new
275	scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the
276	grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve
277	conflicts of this sort. */
278
279	push:
280	{
281	typedefTable.enterScope();
282	}
283	;
284
285	pop:
286	{
287	typedefTable.leaveScope();
288	}
289	;
290
291	/*********************** CONSTANTS ******************************/
292
293	constant:
294	/* ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type
295	"enumeration constant". */
296	INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode(ConstantNode::Integer, $1); }
297	\| FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode(ConstantNode::Float, $1); }
298	\| CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode(ConstantNode::Character, $1); }
299	;
300
301	identifier:
302	IDENTIFIER
303	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER /* CFA */
304	\| zero_one /* CFA */
305	;
306
307	no_01_identifier:
308	IDENTIFIER
309	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER /* CFA */
310	;
311
312	no_attr_identifier:
313	IDENTIFIER
314	;
315
316	zero_one: /* CFA */
317	ZERO
318	\| ONE
319	;
320
321	string_literal_list: /* juxtaposed strings are concatenated */
322	STRINGliteral { $$ = new ConstantNode(ConstantNode::String, $1); }
323	\| string_literal_list STRINGliteral { $$ = $1->append( $2 ); }
324	;
325
326	/*********************** EXPRESSIONS ******************************/
327
328	primary_expression:
329	IDENTIFIER /* typedef name cannot be used as a variable name */
330	{ $$ = new VarRefNode($1); }
331	\| zero_one
332	{ $$ = new VarRefNode($1); }
333	\| constant
334	{ $$ = $1; }
335	\| string_literal_list
336	{ $$ = $1; }
337	\| '(' comma_expression ')'
338	{ $$ = $2; }
339	\| '(' compound_statement ')' /* GCC, lambda expression */
340	{ $$ = new ValofExprNode($2); }
341	;
342
343	postfix_expression:
344	primary_expression
345	\| postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
346	/* CFA, comma_expression disallowed in the context because it results in a commom user error:
347	subscripting a matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards
348	compatible, there seems to be little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It
349	is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is equivalent to the old x[i,j]. */
350	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Index), $1, $4); }
351	\| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
352	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode($1, $3); }
353	\| postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
354	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), $1,
355	new VarRefNode($3)); }
356	\| postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' /* CFA, tuple field selector */
357	\| postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
358	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), $1,
359	new VarRefNode($3)); }
360	\| postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' /* CFA, tuple field selector */
361	\| postfix_expression ICR
362	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::IncrPost), $1); }
363	\| postfix_expression DECR
364	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::DecrPost), $1); }
365	/* GCC has priority: cast_expression */
366	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' /* ANSI99 */
367	{ $$ = 0; }
368	;
369
370	argument_expression_list:
371	argument_expression
372	\| argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
373	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link($3)); }
374	;
375
376	argument_expression:
377	/* empty / / use default argument */
378	{ $$ = 0; }
379	\| assignment_expression
380	\| no_attr_identifier ':' assignment_expression
381	{ $$ = $3->set_asArgName($1); }
382	/* Only a list of no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name is allowed in this context. However, there
383	is insufficient look ahead to distinguish between this list of parameter names and a tuple,
384	so the tuple form must be used with an appropriate semantic check. */
385	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
386	{ $$ = $7->set_asArgName($3); }
387	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
388	{ $$ = $9->set_asArgName(new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 )))); }
389	;
390
391	field_list: /* CFA, tuple field selector */
392	field
393	\| field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
394	;
395
396	field: /* CFA, tuple field selector */
397	no_attr_identifier
398	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
399	\| no_attr_identifier '.' field
400	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3); }
401	\| no_attr_identifier '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
402	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5); }
403	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW field
404	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3); }
405	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
406	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5); }
407	;
408
409	unary_expression:
410	postfix_expression
411	\| ICR unary_expression
412	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Incr), $2); }
413	\| DECR unary_expression
414	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Decr), $2); }
415	\| EXTENSION cast_expression /* GCC */
416	{ $$ = $2; }
417	\| unary_operator cast_expression
418	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode($1, $2); }
419	\| '!' cast_expression
420	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Neg), $2); }
421	\| '' cast_expression / CFA */
422	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PointTo), $2); }
423	/* '*' is is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
424	{ * X; } // dereference X
425	{ * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
426	'&' must be moved here if C++ reference variables are supported. */
427	\| SIZEOF unary_expression
428	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::SizeOf), $2); }
429	\| SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
430	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::SizeOf), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
431	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER
432	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1)); }
433	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
434	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
435	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
436	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1), $3); }
437	\| ALIGNOF unary_expression /* GCC, variable alignment */
438	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AlignOf), $2); }
439	\| ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' /* GCC, type alignment */
440	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AlignOf), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
441	\| ANDAND no_attr_identifier /* GCC, address of label */
442	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LabelAddress),
443	new VarRefNode($2, true)); }
444	;
445
446	unary_operator:
447	'&' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AddressOf); }
448	\| '+' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::UnPlus); }
449	\| '-' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::UnMinus); }
450	\| '~' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitNeg); }
451	;
452
453	cast_expression:
454	unary_expression
455	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
456	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cast),
457	new TypeValueNode($2), $4); }
458	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
459	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cast),
460	new TypeValueNode($2), $4); }
461	;
462
463	multiplicative_expression:
464	cast_expression
465	\| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
466	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Mul),$1,$3); }
467	\| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
468	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Div),$1,$3); }
469	\| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
470	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Mod),$1,$3); }
471	;
472
473	additive_expression:
474	multiplicative_expression
475	\| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
476	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Plus),$1,$3); }
477	\| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
478	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Minus),$1,$3); }
479	;
480
481	shift_expression:
482	additive_expression
483	\| shift_expression LS additive_expression
484	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LShift),$1,$3); }
485	\| shift_expression RS additive_expression
486	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::RShift),$1,$3); }
487	;
488
489	relational_expression:
490	shift_expression
491	\| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
492	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LThan),$1,$3); }
493	\| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
494	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::GThan),$1,$3); }
495	\| relational_expression LE shift_expression
496	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LEThan),$1,$3); }
497	\| relational_expression GE shift_expression
498	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::GEThan),$1,$3); }
499	;
500
501	equality_expression:
502	relational_expression
503	\| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
504	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Eq), $1, $3); }
505	\| equality_expression NE relational_expression
506	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Neq), $1, $3); }
507	;
508
509	AND_expression:
510	equality_expression
511	\| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
512	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitAnd), $1, $3); }
513	;
514
515	exclusive_OR_expression:
516	AND_expression
517	\| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
518	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Xor), $1, $3); }
519	;
520
521	inclusive_OR_expression:
522	exclusive_OR_expression
523	\| inclusive_OR_expression '\|' exclusive_OR_expression
524	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitOr), $1, $3); }
525	;
526
527	logical_AND_expression:
528	inclusive_OR_expression
529	\| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
530	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::And), $1, $3); }
531	;
532
533	logical_OR_expression:
534	logical_AND_expression
535	\| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
536	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Or), $1, $3); }
537	;
538
539	conditional_expression:
540	logical_OR_expression
541	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
542	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cond),
543	(ExpressionNode )mkList(($1,$3,$5))); }
544	\| logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty / ':' conditional_expression / GCC, omitted first operand */
545	{ $$=new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::NCond),$1,$4); }
546	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple /* CFA, tuple expression */
547	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cond),
548	(ExpressionNode )mkList(( $1, $3, $5 ))); }
549	;
550
551	constant_expression:
552	conditional_expression
553	;
554
555	assignment_expression:
556	/* CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations
557	for tuples */
558	conditional_expression
559	\| unary_expression '=' assignment_expression
560	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Assign), $1, $3); }
561	\| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
562	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode($2, $1, $3); }
563	\| tuple assignment_opt /* CFA, tuple expression */
564	{
565	if( $2 == 0 ) {
566	$$ = $1;
567	} else {
568	$$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Assign ), $1, $2 );
569	}
570	}
571	;
572
573	assignment_expression_opt:
574	/* empty */
575	{ $$ = new NullExprNode; }
576	\| assignment_expression
577	;
578
579	tuple: /* CFA, tuple */
580	/* CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a
581	shift/reduce conflict with comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and
582	new_abstract_array */
583	'[' push pop ']'
584	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ) ); }
585	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
586	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), $3 ); }
587	\| '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
588	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(new NullExprNode)->set_link( $4 ) ); }
589	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
590	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 ) ) ); }
591	;
592
593	tuple_expression_list:
594	assignment_expression_opt
595	\| tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
596	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
597	;
598
599	assignment_operator:
600	MULTassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::MulAssn); }
601	\| DIVassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::DivAssn); }
602	\| MODassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::ModAssn); }
603	\| PLUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PlusAssn); }
604	\| MINUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::MinusAssn); }
605	\| LSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LSAssn); }
606	\| RSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::RSAssn); }
607	\| ANDassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AndAssn); }
608	\| ERassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::ERAssn); }
609	\| ORassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::OrAssn); }
610	;
611
612	comma_expression:
613	assignment_expression
614	\| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression /* { $$ = (ExpressionNode )$1->add_to_list($3); } /
615	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Comma),$1,$3); }
616	;
617
618	comma_expression_opt:
619	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
620	\| comma_expression
621	;
622
623	/************************* STATEMENTS *****************************/
624
625	statement:
626	labeled_statement
627	\| compound_statement
628	\| expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
629	\| selection_statement
630	\| iteration_statement
631	\| jump_statement
632	\| exception_statement
633	\| asm_statement
634	;
635
636	labeled_statement:
637	no_attr_identifier ':' attribute_list_opt statement
638	{ $$ = $4->add_label($1);}
639	;
640
641	compound_statement:
642	'{' '}'
643	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( (StatementNode *)0 ); }
644	\| '{'
645	/* Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within
646	the block also requires its own scope */
647	push push
648	label_declaration_opt /* GCC, local labels */
649	block_item_list pop '}' /* ANSI99, intermix declarations and statements */
650	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( $5 ); }
651	;
652
653	block_item_list: /* ANSI99 */
654	block_item
655	\| block_item_list push block_item
656	{ if($1 != 0) { $1->set_link($3); $$ = $1; } }
657	;
658
659	block_item:
660	declaration /* CFA, new & old style declarations */
661	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
662	\| EXTENSION declaration /* GCC */
663	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $2 ); }
664	\| statement pop
665	;
666
667	statement_list:
668	statement
669	\| statement_list statement
670	{ if($1 != 0) { $1->set_link($2); $$ = $1; } }
671	;
672
673	expression_statement:
674	comma_expression_opt ';'
675	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Exp, $1, 0); }
676	;
677
678	selection_statement:
679	IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
680	/* explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else */
681	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::If, $3, $5); }
682	\| IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
683	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::If, $3, (StatementNode )mkList(($5, *$7)) ); }
684	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause /* CFA */
685	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Switch, $3, $5); }
686	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' /* CFA */
687	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Switch, $3, $8); /* xxx */ }
688	/* The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include any associated initialization,
689	which is performed before the transfer to the appropriate case clause. Statements after
690	the initial declaration list can never be executed, and therefore, are removed from the
691	grammar even though C allows it. */
692	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause /* CFA */
693	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Choose, $3, $5); }
694	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' /* CFA */
695	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Choose, $3, $8); }
696	;
697
698	/* CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a
699	case clause allows a list of values and subranges. */
700
701	case_value: /* CFA */
702	constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
703	\| constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression /* GCC, subrange */
704	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range),$1,$3); }
705	\| subrange /* CFA, subrange */
706	;
707
708	case_value_list: /* CFA */
709	case_value
710	\| case_value_list ',' case_value
711	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(tupleContents($1))->set_link($3) ); }
712	;
713
714	case_label: /* CFA */
715	CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Case, $2, 0); }
716	\| DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Default); }
717	/* A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose
718	statement. */
719	;
720
721	case_label_list: /* CFA */
722	case_label
723	\| case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2)); }
724	;
725
726	case_clause: /* CFA */
727	case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
728	;
729
730	switch_clause_list_opt: /* CFA */
731	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
732	\| switch_clause_list
733	;
734
735	switch_clause_list: /* CFA */
736	case_label_list statement_list
737	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
738	\| switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
739	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2->append_last_case($3))); }
740	;
741
742	choose_clause_list_opt: /* CFA */
743	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
744	\| choose_clause_list
745	;
746
747	choose_clause_list: /* CFA */
748	case_label_list fall_through
749	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
750	\| case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
751	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($2,*$3))); }
752	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
753	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2->append_last_case($3))); }
754	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
755	{ $$ = (StatementNode )($1->set_link($2->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($3,$4))))); }
756	;
757
758	fall_through_opt: /* CFA */
759	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
760	\| fall_through
761	;
762
763	fall_through: /* CFA */
764	FALLTHRU { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0); }
765	\| FALLTHRU ';' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0); }
766	;
767
768	iteration_statement:
769	WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
770	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::While, $3, $5); }
771	\| DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
772	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Do, $5, $2); }
773	\| FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
774	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::For, $4, $6); }
775	;
776
777	for_control_expression:
778	comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
779	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode($1, $4, $6); }
780	\| declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt /* ANSI99 */
781	/* Like C++, the loop index can be declared local to the loop. */
782	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode($1, $2, $4); }
783	;
784
785	jump_statement:
786	GOTO no_attr_identifier ';'
787	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Goto, $2); }
788	\| GOTO '' comma_expression ';' / GCC, computed goto */
789	/* The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g.,
790	goto i+3; => goto (i+3); whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (i)+3; /
791	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Goto, $3); }
792	\| CONTINUE ';'
793	/* A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an
794	iteration statement. */
795	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Continue, 0, 0); }
796	\| CONTINUE no_attr_identifier ';' /* CFA, multi-level continue */
797	/* A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an
798	iteration statement, and the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an
799	iteration statement. */
800	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Continue, $2); }
801	\| BREAK ';'
802	/* A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an
803	iteration statement. */
804	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Break, 0, 0); }
805	\| BREAK no_attr_identifier ';' /* CFA, multi-level exit */
806	/* A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an
807	iteration statement, and the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an
808	iteration statement. */
809	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Break, $2 ); }
810	\| RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
811	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Return, $2, 0); }
812	\| THROW assignment_expression ';'
813	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Throw, $2, 0); }
814	\| THROW ';'
815	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Throw, 0, 0); }
816	;
817
818	exception_statement:
819	TRY compound_statement handler_list
820	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3)))); }
821	\| TRY compound_statement finally_clause
822	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3)))); }
823	\| TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
824	{
825	$3->set_link($4);
826	$$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3))));
827	}
828	;
829
830	handler_list:
831	/* There must be at least one catch clause */
832	handler_clause
833	/* ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for
834	its try block. */
835	\| CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
836	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $5, true ); }
837	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
838	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $6, true ) ); }
839	;
840
841	handler_clause:
842	CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
843	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt($5, $8); }
844	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
845	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt($6, $9) ); }
846	;
847
848	finally_clause:
849	FINALLY compound_statement
850	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Finally, 0, $2);
851	std::cout << "Just created a finally node" << std::endl;
852	}
853	;
854
855	exception_declaration:
856	/* A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
857
858	catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
859
860	This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types. */
861	type_specifier
862	\| type_specifier declarator
863	{
864	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
865	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
866	}
867	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
868	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
869	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier /* CFA */
870	{
871	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
872	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
873	}
874	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple /* CFA */
875	;
876
877	asm_statement:
878	ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ')' ';'
879	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
880	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' /* remaining GCC */
881	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
882	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
883	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
884	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':'
885	asm_clobbers_list ')' ';'
886	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
887	;
888
889	asm_operands_opt: /* GCC */
890	/* empty */
891	\| asm_operands_list
892	;
893
894	asm_operands_list: /* GCC */
895	asm_operand
896	\| asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
897	;
898
899	asm_operand: /* GCC */
900	STRINGliteral '(' constant_expression ')' {}
901	;
902
903	asm_clobbers_list: /* GCC */
904	STRINGliteral {}
905	\| asm_clobbers_list ',' STRINGliteral
906	;
907
908	/***************************** DECLARATIONS *******************************/
909
910	declaration_list_opt: /* used at beginning of switch statement */
911	pop
912	{ $$ = 0; }
913	\| declaration_list
914	;
915
916	declaration_list:
917	declaration
918	\| declaration_list push declaration
919	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
920	;
921
922	old_declaration_list_opt: /* used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions */
923	pop
924	{ $$ = 0; }
925	\| old_declaration_list
926	;
927
928	old_declaration_list:
929	old_declaration
930	\| old_declaration_list push old_declaration
931	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
932	;
933
934	label_declaration_opt: /* GCC, local label */
935	/* empty */
936	\| label_declaration_list
937	;
938
939	label_declaration_list: /* GCC, local label */
940	LABEL label_list ';'
941	\| label_declaration_list LABEL label_list ';'
942	;
943
944	label_list: /* GCC, local label */
945	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name {}
946	\| label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name {}
947	;
948
949	declaration: /* CFA, new & old style declarations */
950	new_declaration
951	\| old_declaration
952	;
953
954	/* C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and
955	function declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places
956	declaration modifiers to the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of
957	the base type. CFA declaration modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type
958	specification is distributed across all variables in the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the
959	new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program block, but cannot be mixed within a specific
960	declaration.
961
962	CFA C
963	[10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
964	[10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
965	*/
966
967	new_declaration: /* CFA */
968	new_variable_declaration pop ';'
969	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
970	\| new_function_declaration pop ';'
971	\| type_declaring_list pop ';'
972	\| context_specifier pop ';'
973	;
974
975	new_variable_declaration: /* CFA */
976	new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
977	{
978	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
979	$$ = $1;
980	}
981	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
982	/* declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is
983	necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context. */
984	{
985	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
986	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
987	}
988	\| new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name initializer_opt
989	{
990	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID);
991	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
992	}
993	;
994
995	new_variable_specifier: /* CFA */
996	/* A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit
997	or explicit static storage-class */
998	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
999	{
1000	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
1001	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
1002	}
1003	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
1004	{
1005	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
1006	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
1007	}
1008	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
1009	{
1010	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
1011	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
1012	}
1013	;
1014
1015	new_function_declaration: /* CFA */
1016	new_function_specifier
1017	{
1018	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1019	$$ = $1;
1020	}
1021	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
1022	/* declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is
1023	necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in this context. */
1024	{
1025	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1026	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
1027	}
1028	\| new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name
1029	{
1030	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID);
1031	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1032	}
1033	;
1034
1035	new_function_specifier: /* CFA */
1036	'[' push pop ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1037	{
1038	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($5) );
1039	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1040	}
1041	\| '[' push pop ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1042	{
1043	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($5) );
1044	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1045	}
1046	/* identifier_or_typedef_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
1047
1048	'[' ']' identifier_or_typedef_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
1049	'[' ']' type_specifier
1050
1051	type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g. typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore
1052	this must be flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce
1053	identifier_or_typedef_name. */
1054	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1055	/* To obtain LR(1), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see
1056	new_abstract_declarator). */
1057	{
1058	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
1059	}
1060	\| new_function_return identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1061	{
1062	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
1063	}
1064	;
1065
1066	new_function_return: /* CFA */
1067	'[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
1068	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
1069	\| '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
1070	/* To obtain LR(1), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to
1071	lookahead to the ']'. */
1072	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
1073	;
1074
1075	new_typedef_declaration: /* CFA */
1076	TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
1077	{
1078	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1079	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
1080	}
1081	\| TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
1082	{
1083	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1084	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
1085	}
1086	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
1087	{
1088	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD);
1089	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1090	}
1091	;
1092
1093	/* Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is
1094	factored out as a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and
1095	initialization. */
1096
1097	typedef_declaration:
1098	TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
1099	{
1100	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1101	$$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
1102	}
1103	\| typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
1104	{
1105	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1106	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
1107	}
1108	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1109	{
1110	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1111	$$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
1112	}
1113	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
1114	{
1115	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1116	$$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
1117	}
1118	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
1119	{
1120	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1121	$$ = $4->addQualifiers($1)->addTypedef()->addType($1);
1122	}
1123	;
1124
1125	typedef_expression: /* GCC, naming expression type */
1126	TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1127	{
1128	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::TD);
1129	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
1130	}
1131	\| typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1132	{
1133	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($5), TypedefTable::TD);
1134	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
1135	}
1136	;
1137
1138	old_declaration:
1139	declaring_list pop ';'
1140	\| typedef_declaration pop ';'
1141	\| typedef_expression pop ';' /* GCC, naming expression type */
1142	\| sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
1143	;
1144
1145	declaring_list:
1146	/* A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit
1147	or explicit static storage-class */
1148	declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1149	{
1150	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1151	$$ = ($2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer($4);
1152	}
1153	\| declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1154	{
1155	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1156	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer($6) ) );
1157	}
1158	;
1159
1160	declaration_specifier: /* type specifier + storage class */
1161	basic_declaration_specifier
1162	\| sue_declaration_specifier
1163	\| typedef_declaration_specifier
1164	\| typegen_declaration_specifier
1165	;
1166
1167	type_specifier: /* declaration specifier - storage class */
1168	basic_type_specifier
1169	\| sue_type_specifier
1170	\| typedef_type_specifier
1171	\| typegen_type_specifier
1172	;
1173
1174	type_qualifier_list_opt: /* GCC, used in asm_statement */
1175	/* empty */
1176	{ $$ = 0; }
1177	\| type_qualifier_list
1178	;
1179
1180	type_qualifier_list:
1181	/* A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of
1182	declaration.
1183
1184	ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the
1185	same specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is
1186	the same as if it appeared only once. */
1187	type_qualifier
1188	\| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
1189	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1190	;
1191
1192	type_qualifier:
1193	type_qualifier_name
1194	\| attribute
1195	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
1196	;
1197
1198	type_qualifier_name:
1199	CONST
1200	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
1201	\| RESTRICT
1202	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
1203	\| VOLATILE
1204	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
1205	\| LVALUE /* CFA */
1206	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
1207	\| FORALL '('
1208	{
1209	typedefTable.enterScope();
1210	}
1211	type_parameter_list ')' /* CFA */
1212	{
1213	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1214	$$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
1215	}
1216	;
1217
1218	declaration_qualifier_list:
1219	storage_class_list
1220	\| type_qualifier_list storage_class_list /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1221	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1222	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
1223	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1224	;
1225
1226	storage_class_list:
1227	/* A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of
1228	declaration and that only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear
1229	with the others.
1230
1231	ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in
1232	the declaration specifiers in a declaration. */
1233	storage_class
1234	\| storage_class_list storage_class
1235	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1236	;
1237
1238	storage_class:
1239	storage_class_name
1240	;
1241
1242	storage_class_name:
1243	AUTO
1244	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
1245	\| EXTERN
1246	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
1247	\| REGISTER
1248	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
1249	\| STATIC
1250	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
1251	\| INLINE /* ANSI99 */
1252	/* INLINE is essentially a storage class specifier for functions, and hence, belongs here. */
1253	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
1254	\| FORTRAN /* ANSI99 */
1255	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
1256	;
1257
1258	basic_type_name:
1259	CHAR
1260	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
1261	\| DOUBLE
1262	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
1263	\| FLOAT
1264	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
1265	\| INT
1266	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
1267	\| LONG
1268	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
1269	\| SHORT
1270	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
1271	\| SIGNED
1272	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
1273	\| UNSIGNED
1274	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
1275	\| VOID
1276	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
1277	\| BOOL /* ANSI99 */
1278	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
1279	\| COMPLEX /* ANSI99 */
1280	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
1281	\| IMAGINARY /* ANSI99 */
1282	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
1283	;
1284
1285	basic_declaration_specifier:
1286	/* A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes. */
1287	basic_type_specifier
1288	\| declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
1289	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1290	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1291	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1292	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1293	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1294	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
1295	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
1296	;
1297
1298	basic_type_specifier:
1299	direct_type_name
1300	\| type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
1301	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1302	;
1303
1304	direct_type_name:
1305	/* A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers. */
1306	basic_type_name
1307	\| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
1308	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1309	\| direct_type_name type_qualifier
1310	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1311	\| direct_type_name basic_type_name
1312	{ $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
1313	;
1314
1315	indirect_type_name:
1316	TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' /* GCC: typeof(x) y; */
1317	{ $$ = $3; }
1318	\| TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' /* GCC: typeof(a+b) y; */
1319	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
1320	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' /* CFA: e.g., @type(x) y; */
1321	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1322	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' /* CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y; */
1323	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1324	;
1325
1326	sue_declaration_specifier:
1327	sue_type_specifier
1328	\| declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
1329	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1330	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1331	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1332	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1333	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1334	;
1335
1336	sue_type_specifier:
1337	elaborated_type_name /* struct, union, enum */
1338	\| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
1339	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1340	\| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
1341	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1342	;
1343
1344	typedef_declaration_specifier:
1345	typedef_type_specifier
1346	\| declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
1347	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1348	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1349	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1350	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1351	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1352	;
1353
1354	typedef_type_specifier: /* typedef types */
1355	TYPEDEFname
1356	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
1357	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
1358	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1359	\| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
1360	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1361	;
1362
1363	elaborated_type_name:
1364	aggregate_name
1365	\| enum_name
1366	;
1367
1368	aggregate_name:
1369	aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
1370	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, 0, 0, $3 ); }
1371	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1372	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, 0 ); }
1373	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}'
1374	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, $4 ); }
1375	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' /* CFA */
1376	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $4, 0, $8 ); }
1377	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name /* CFA */
1378	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, $4, 0, 0 ); }
1379	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}' /* CFA */
1380	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, $4, 0, $9 ); }
1381	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' /* CFA */
1382	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $4, $8, $11 ); }
1383	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_name_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name /* CFA */
1384	/* push and pop are only to prevent S/R conflicts */
1385	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, 0, $4, 0 ); }
1386	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '(' type_name_list ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}' /* CFA */
1387	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $10, $4, $8, $12 ); }
1388	;
1389
1390	aggregate_key:
1391	STRUCT attribute_list_opt
1392	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
1393	\| UNION attribute_list_opt
1394	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
1395	;
1396
1397	field_declaration_list:
1398	field_declaration
1399	{ $$ = $1; }
1400	\| field_declaration_list field_declaration
1401	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $2 ); }
1402	;
1403
1404	field_declaration:
1405	new_field_declaring_list ';' /* CFA, new style field declaration */
1406	\| EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' /* GCC */
1407	{ $$ = $2; }
1408	\| field_declaring_list ';'
1409	\| EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' /* GCC */
1410	{ $$ = $2; }
1411	;
1412
1413	new_field_declaring_list: /* CFA, new style field declaration */
1414	new_abstract_declarator_tuple /* CFA, no field name */
1415	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1416	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1417	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1418	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
1419	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' /* CFA, no field name */
1420	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
1421	;
1422
1423	field_declaring_list:
1424	type_specifier field_declarator
1425	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1426	\| field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
1427	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
1428	;
1429
1430	field_declarator:
1431	/* empty / / CFA, no field name */
1432	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ }
1433	\| bit_subrange_size /* no field name */
1434	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
1435	\| variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
1436	/* A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int. */
1437	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
1438	\| typedef_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
1439	/* A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int. */
1440	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
1441	\| variable_abstract_declarator /* CFA, no field name */
1442	;
1443
1444	bit_subrange_size_opt:
1445	/* empty */
1446	{ $$ = 0; }
1447	\| bit_subrange_size
1448	{ $$ = $1; }
1449	;
1450
1451	bit_subrange_size:
1452	':' constant_expression
1453	{ $$ = $2; }
1454	;
1455
1456	enum_key:
1457	ENUM attribute_list_opt
1458	;
1459
1460	enum_name:
1461	enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
1462	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( 0, $3 ); }
1463	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
1464	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $4 ); }
1465	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1466	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 ); }
1467	;
1468
1469	enumerator_list:
1470	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name enumerator_value_opt
1471	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
1472	\| enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name enumerator_value_opt
1473	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
1474	;
1475
1476	enumerator_value_opt:
1477	/* empty */
1478	{ $$ = 0; }
1479	\| '=' constant_expression
1480	{ $$ = $2; }
1481	;
1482
1483	/* Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end. */
1484
1485	new_parameter_type_list_opt: /* CFA */
1486	/* empty */
1487	{ $$ = 0; }
1488	\| new_parameter_type_list
1489	;
1490
1491	new_parameter_type_list: /* CFA, abstract + real */
1492	new_abstract_parameter_list
1493	\| new_parameter_list
1494	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
1495	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1496	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1497	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1498	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1499	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1500	;
1501
1502	new_parameter_list: /* CFA */
1503	/* To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last
1504	new_abstract_parameter_list is factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules
1505	to get lookahead to the ']'. */
1506	new_parameter_declaration
1507	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1508	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1509	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1510	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1511	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1512	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
1513	;
1514
1515	new_abstract_parameter_list: /* CFA, new & old style abstract */
1516	new_abstract_parameter_declaration
1517	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
1518	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1519	;
1520
1521	parameter_type_list_opt:
1522	/* empty */
1523	{ $$ = 0; }
1524	\| parameter_type_list
1525	;
1526
1527	parameter_type_list:
1528	parameter_list
1529	\| parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1530	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1531	;
1532
1533	parameter_list: /* abstract + real */
1534	abstract_parameter_declaration
1535	\| parameter_declaration
1536	\| parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
1537	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1538	\| parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
1539	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1540	;
1541
1542	/* Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different
1543	semantics for typedef name by using typedef_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and
1544	function prototypes. */
1545
1546	new_parameter_declaration: /* CFA, new & old style parameter declaration */
1547	parameter_declaration
1548	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
1549	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1550	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
1551	/* To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator). */
1552	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1553	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
1554	{ $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1555	\| new_function_specifier
1556	;
1557
1558	new_abstract_parameter_declaration: /* CFA, new & old style parameter declaration */
1559	abstract_parameter_declaration
1560	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
1561	\| new_abstract_tuple
1562	/* To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator). */
1563	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
1564	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1565	\| new_abstract_function
1566	;
1567
1568	parameter_declaration:
1569	declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
1570	{
1571	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1572	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode($3) );
1573	}
1574	\| declaration_specifier typedef_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
1575	{
1576	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1577	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode($3) );
1578	}
1579	;
1580
1581	abstract_parameter_declaration:
1582	declaration_specifier
1583	\| declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
1584	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1585	;
1586
1587	/* ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
1588	parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is
1589	based only on identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name. */
1590
1591	identifier_list: /* K&R-style parameter list => no types */
1592	no_attr_identifier
1593	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
1594	\| identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
1595	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
1596	;
1597
1598	identifier_or_typedef_name:
1599	identifier
1600	\| TYPEDEFname
1601	\| TYPEGENname
1602	;
1603
1604	no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name:
1605	no_01_identifier
1606	\| TYPEDEFname
1607	\| TYPEGENname
1608	;
1609
1610	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name:
1611	no_attr_identifier
1612	\| TYPEDEFname
1613	\| TYPEGENname
1614	;
1615
1616	type_name_no_function: /* sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor) */
1617	new_abstract_declarator_tuple /* CFA */
1618	\| type_specifier
1619	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
1620	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1621	;
1622
1623	type_name: /* typeof, assertion */
1624	new_abstract_declarator_tuple /* CFA */
1625	\| new_abstract_function /* CFA */
1626	\| type_specifier
1627	\| type_specifier abstract_declarator
1628	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1629	;
1630
1631	initializer_opt:
1632	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
1633	\| '=' initializer { $$ = $2; }
1634	;
1635
1636	initializer:
1637	assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode($1); }
1638	\| '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode($2, true); }
1639	;
1640
1641	initializer_list:
1642	initializer
1643	\| designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
1644	\| initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link($3) ); }
1645	\| initializer_list ',' designation initializer
1646	{ $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link( $4->set_designators($3) ) ); }
1647	;
1648
1649	/* There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between ANSI99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem
1650	is use of '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
1651
1652	int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
1653
1654	The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this
1655	case, CFA changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC
1656	does uses ":" for field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be
1657	supported either due to shift/reduce conflicts */
1658
1659	designation:
1660	designator_list ':' /* ANSI99, CFA uses ":" instead of "=" */
1661	\| no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name ':' /* GCC, field name */
1662	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
1663	;
1664
1665	designator_list: /* ANSI99 */
1666	designator
1667	\| designator_list designator { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link( $2 )); }
1668	;
1669
1670	designator:
1671	'.' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name /* ANSI99, field name */
1672	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $2 ); }
1673	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' /* ANSI99, single array element */
1674	/* assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts
1675	with tuple. */
1676	{ $$ = $3; }
1677	\| '[' push subrange pop ']' /* CFA, multiple array elements */
1678	{ $$ = $3; }
1679	\| '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' /* GCC, multiple array elements */
1680	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range), $3, $5); }
1681	\| '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' /* CFA, tuple field selector */
1682	{ $$ = $4; }
1683	;
1684
1685	/* The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type
1686	parameters, rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
1687
1688	Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
1689
1690	Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used
1691	for object and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with
1692	initializers provide definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide
1693	opaque types.
1694
1695	Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at
1696	the call site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
1697
1698	Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
1699	types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble
1700	subclass hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare
1701	that a type or types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used
1702	to declare requirements on type arguments of polymorphic functions. */
1703
1704	typegen_declaration_specifier: /* CFA */
1705	typegen_type_specifier
1706	\| declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
1707	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1708	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1709	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1710	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1711	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1712	;
1713
1714	typegen_type_specifier: /* CFA */
1715	TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
1716	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
1717	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
1718	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $2, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1719	\| typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
1720	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1721	;
1722
1723	type_parameter_list: /* CFA */
1724	type_parameter assignment_opt
1725	\| type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
1726	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1727	;
1728
1729	type_parameter: /* CFA */
1730	type_class no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1731	{ typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::TD); }
1732	assertion_list_opt
1733	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
1734	\| type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
1735	;
1736
1737	type_class: /* CFA */
1738	TYPE
1739	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Type; }
1740	\| DTYPE
1741	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
1742	\| FTYPE
1743	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
1744	;
1745
1746	assertion_list_opt: /* CFA */
1747	/* empty */
1748	{ $$ = 0; }
1749	\| assertion_list_opt assertion
1750	{ $$ = $1 == 0 ? $2 : $1->appendList( $2 ); }
1751	;
1752
1753	assertion: /* CFA */
1754	'\|' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' type_name_list ')'
1755	{
1756	typedefTable.openContext( *($2) );
1757	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContextUse( $2, $4 );
1758	}
1759	\| '\|' '{' push context_declaration_list '}'
1760	{ $$ = $4; }
1761	\| '\|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push context_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
1762	{ $$ = 0; }
1763	;
1764
1765	type_name_list: /* CFA */
1766	type_name
1767	{ $$ = new TypeValueNode( $1 ); }
1768	\| assignment_expression
1769	\| type_name_list ',' type_name
1770	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link(new TypeValueNode( $3 ))); }
1771	\| type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
1772	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link($3)); }
1773	;
1774
1775	type_declaring_list: /* CFA */
1776	TYPE type_declarator
1777	{ $$ = $2; }
1778	\| storage_class_list TYPE type_declarator
1779	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1780	\| type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
1781	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
1782	;
1783
1784	type_declarator: /* CFA */
1785	type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
1786	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
1787	\| type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
1788	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
1789	;
1790
1791	type_declarator_name: /* CFA */
1792	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1793	{
1794	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($1), TypedefTable::TD);
1795	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
1796	}
1797	\| no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
1798	{
1799	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($1), TypedefTable::TG);
1800	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
1801	}
1802	;
1803
1804	context_specifier: /* CFA */
1805	CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
1806	{
1807	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::ID);
1808	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, 0 );
1809	}
1810	\| CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
1811	{
1812	typedefTable.enterContext( *($2) );
1813	typedefTable.enterScope();
1814	}
1815	context_declaration_list '}'
1816	{
1817	typedefTable.leaveContext();
1818	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::ID);
1819	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, $10 );
1820	}
1821	;
1822
1823	context_declaration_list: /* CFA */
1824	context_declaration
1825	\| context_declaration_list push context_declaration
1826	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1827	;
1828
1829	context_declaration: /* CFA */
1830	new_context_declaring_list pop ';'
1831	\| context_declaring_list pop ';'
1832	;
1833
1834	new_context_declaring_list: /* CFA */
1835	new_variable_specifier
1836	{
1837	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
1838	$$ = $1;
1839	}
1840	\| new_function_specifier
1841	{
1842	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
1843	$$ = $1;
1844	}
1845	\| new_context_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name
1846	{
1847	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *($5), TypedefTable::ID );
1848	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1849	}
1850	;
1851
1852	context_declaring_list: /* CFA */
1853	type_specifier declarator
1854	{
1855	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID);
1856	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
1857	}
1858	\| context_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
1859	{
1860	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID);
1861	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
1862	}
1863	;
1864
1865	/*************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS ***************************/
1866
1867	translation_unit:
1868	/* empty / / empty input file */
1869	{}
1870	\| external_definition_list
1871	{
1872	if( theTree ) {
1873	theTree->appendList( $1 );
1874	} else {
1875	theTree = $1;
1876	}
1877	}
1878	;
1879
1880	external_definition_list:
1881	external_definition
1882	\| external_definition_list push external_definition
1883	{
1884	if( $1 ) {
1885	$$ = $1->appendList( $3 );
1886	} else {
1887	$$ = $3;
1888	}
1889	}
1890	;
1891
1892	external_definition_list_opt:
1893	/* empty */
1894	{
1895	$$ = 0;
1896	}
1897	\| external_definition_list
1898	;
1899
1900	external_definition:
1901	declaration
1902	\| function_definition
1903	\| asm_statement /* GCC, global assembler statement */
1904	{}
1905	\| EXTERN STRINGliteral
1906	{
1907	linkageStack.push( linkage );
1908	linkage = LinkageSpec::fromString( *$2 );
1909	}
1910	'{' external_definition_list_opt '}' /* C++-style linkage specifier */
1911	{
1912	linkage = linkageStack.top();
1913	linkageStack.pop();
1914	$$ = $5;
1915	}
1916	\| EXTENSION external_definition
1917	{ $$ = $2; }
1918	;
1919
1920	function_definition:
1921	new_function_specifier compound_statement /* CFA */
1922	{
1923	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1924	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1925	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
1926	}
1927	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier compound_statement /* CFA */
1928	/* declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is
1929	necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in this context. */
1930	{
1931	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1932	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1933	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1934	}
1935
1936	\| declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
1937	{
1938	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1939	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1940	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
1941	}
1942
1943	/* These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a
1944	significant amount of code with functions missing a type-specifier on the return type.
1945	Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an
1946	expression (nested functions would preclude this concession). A function prototype
1947	declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1) */
1948	\| function_declarator compound_statement
1949	{
1950	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1951	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1952	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
1953	}
1954	\| type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
1955	{
1956	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1957	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1958	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1959	}
1960	\| declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
1961	{
1962	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1963	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1964	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1965	}
1966	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
1967	{
1968	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1969	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1970	$$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1971	}
1972
1973	/* Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4) */
1974	\| declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
1975	{
1976	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1977	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1978	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
1979	}
1980	\| old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
1981	{
1982	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1983	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1984	$$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
1985	}
1986	\| type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
1987	{
1988	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1989	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1990	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1991	}
1992
1993	/* Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4) */
1994	\| declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
1995	{
1996	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1997	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1998	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1999	}
2000	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt
2001	compound_statement
2002	{
2003	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2004	typedefTable.leaveScope();
2005	$$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2006	}
2007	;
2008
2009	declarator:
2010	variable_declarator
2011	\| function_declarator
2012	\| typedef_redeclarator
2013	;
2014
2015	subrange:
2016	constant_expression '~' constant_expression /* CFA, integer subrange */
2017	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range), $1, $3); }
2018	;
2019
2020	asm_name_opt: /* GCC */
2021	/* empty */
2022	\| ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt
2023	;
2024
2025	attribute_list_opt: /* GCC */
2026	/* empty */
2027	\| attribute_list
2028	;
2029
2030	attribute_list: /* GCC */
2031	attribute
2032	\| attribute_list attribute
2033	;
2034
2035	attribute: /* GCC */
2036	ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
2037	;
2038
2039	attribute_parameter_list: /* GCC */
2040	attrib
2041	\| attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
2042	;
2043
2044	attrib: /* GCC */
2045	/* empty */
2046	\| any_word
2047	\| any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')'
2048	;
2049
2050	any_word: /* GCC */
2051	identifier_or_typedef_name {}
2052	\| storage_class_name {}
2053	\| basic_type_name {}
2054	\| type_qualifier {}
2055	;
2056
2057	/* ============================================================================
2058	The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are
2059	necessary because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage
2060	in an expression, as in:
2061
2062	int (*f())[10] { ... };
2063	... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
2064
2065	Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some
2066	or all of the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a
2067	particular context.
2068	============================================================================ */
2069
2070	/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2071	The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of
2072	declarators to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
2073
2074	valid declaration invalid definition
2075	----------------- ------------------
2076	int f; int f {}
2077	int f; int f {}
2078	int f[10]; int f[10] {}
2079	int (f)(int); int (f)(int) {}
2080
2081	To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function
2082	declarators, hence variable_declarator and function_declarator.
2083	---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
2084
2085	/* This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern
2086	precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions. */
2087
2088	variable_declarator:
2089	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2090	\| variable_ptr
2091	\| variable_array attribute_list_opt
2092	\| variable_function attribute_list_opt
2093	;
2094
2095	paren_identifier:
2096	identifier
2097	{
2098	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
2099	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2100	}
2101	\| '(' paren_identifier ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2102	{ $$ = $2; }
2103	;
2104
2105	variable_ptr:
2106	'*' variable_declarator
2107	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2108	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
2109	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2110	\| '(' variable_ptr ')'
2111	{ $$ = $2; }
2112	;
2113
2114	variable_array:
2115	paren_identifier array_dimension
2116	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2117	\| '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
2118	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2119	\| '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2120	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2121	\| '(' variable_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2122	{ $$ = $2; }
2123	;
2124
2125	variable_function:
2126	'(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2127	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2128	\| '(' variable_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2129	{ $$ = $2; }
2130	;
2131
2132	/* This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. Because functions cannot
2133	be nested, there is no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name. To allow nested
2134	functions requires further separation of variable and function declarators in typedef_redeclarator. The
2135	pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2136
2137	function_declarator:
2138	function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
2139	\| function_ptr
2140	\| function_array attribute_list_opt
2141	;
2142
2143	function_no_ptr:
2144	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2145	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2146	\| '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2147	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2148	\| '(' function_no_ptr ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2149	{ $$ = $2; }
2150	;
2151
2152	function_ptr:
2153	'*' function_declarator
2154	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2155	\| '*' type_qualifier_list function_declarator
2156	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2157	\| '(' function_ptr ')'
2158	{ $$ = $2; }
2159	;
2160
2161	function_array:
2162	'(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2163	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2164	\| '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2165	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2166	\| '(' function_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2167	{ $$ = $2; }
2168	;
2169
2170	/* This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a
2171	typedef name (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and
2172	functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2173
2174	old_function_declarator:
2175	old_function_no_ptr
2176	\| old_function_ptr
2177	\| old_function_array
2178	;
2179
2180	old_function_no_ptr:
2181	paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' /* function_declarator handles empty parameter */
2182	{ $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
2183	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
2184	{ $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
2185	\| '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2186	{ $$ = $2; }
2187	;
2188
2189	old_function_ptr:
2190	'*' old_function_declarator
2191	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2192	\| '*' type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
2193	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2194	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')'
2195	{ $$ = $2; }
2196	;
2197
2198	old_function_array:
2199	'(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2200	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2201	\| '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2202	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2203	\| '(' old_function_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2204	{ $$ = $2; }
2205	;
2206
2207	/* This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a typedef name, e.g.:
2208
2209	typedef int foo;
2210	{
2211	int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
2212	}
2213
2214	The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
2215	returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2216
2217	typedef_redeclarator:
2218	paren_typedef attribute_list_opt
2219	\| typedef_ptr
2220	\| typedef_array attribute_list_opt
2221	\| typedef_function attribute_list_opt
2222	;
2223
2224	paren_typedef:
2225	TYPEDEFname
2226	{
2227	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
2228	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2229	}
2230	\| '(' paren_typedef ')'
2231	{ $$ = $2; }
2232	;
2233
2234	typedef_ptr:
2235	'*' typedef_redeclarator
2236	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2237	\| '*' type_qualifier_list typedef_redeclarator
2238	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2239	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')'
2240	{ $$ = $2; }
2241	;
2242
2243	typedef_array:
2244	paren_typedef array_dimension
2245	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2246	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')' array_dimension
2247	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2248	\| '(' typedef_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2249	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2250	\| '(' typedef_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2251	{ $$ = $2; }
2252	;
2253
2254	typedef_function:
2255	paren_typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2256	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2257	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2258	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2259	\| '(' typedef_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2260	{ $$ = $2; }
2261	;
2262
2263	/* This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a
2264	typedef name and allows the ANSI99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern
2265	precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2266	and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2267
2268	identifier_parameter_declarator:
2269	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2270	\| identifier_parameter_ptr
2271	\| identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2272	\| identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2273	;
2274
2275	identifier_parameter_ptr:
2276	'*' identifier_parameter_declarator
2277	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2278	\| '*' type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
2279	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2280	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
2281	{ $$ = $2; }
2282	;
2283
2284	identifier_parameter_array:
2285	paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
2286	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2287	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
2288	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2289	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2290	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2291	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2292	{ $$ = $2; }
2293	;
2294
2295	identifier_parameter_function:
2296	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2297	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2298	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2299	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2300	\| '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2301	{ $$ = $2; }
2302	;
2303
2304	/* This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a
2305	typedef name, e.g.:
2306
2307	typedef int foo;
2308	int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
2309
2310	and allows the ANSI99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern
2311	handles the special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
2312
2313	ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
2314	parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
2315	not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
2316
2317	which precludes the following cases:
2318
2319	typedef float T;
2320	int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
2321	int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
2322	int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
2323	int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
2324
2325	In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type
2326	list, and not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes
2327	declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and
2328	functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2329
2330	typedef_parameter_redeclarator:
2331	typedef attribute_list_opt
2332	\| typedef_parameter_ptr
2333	\| typedef_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2334	\| typedef_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2335	;
2336
2337	typedef:
2338	TYPEDEFname
2339	{
2340	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
2341	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2342	}
2343	;
2344
2345	typedef_parameter_ptr:
2346	'*' typedef_parameter_redeclarator
2347	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2348	\| '*' type_qualifier_list typedef_parameter_redeclarator
2349	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2350	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')'
2351	{ $$ = $2; }
2352	;
2353
2354	typedef_parameter_array:
2355	typedef array_parameter_dimension
2356	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2357	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
2358	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2359	;
2360
2361	typedef_parameter_function:
2362	typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2363	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2364	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2365	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2366	;
2367
2368	/* This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
2369	identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
2370
2371	sizeof( int );
2372	sizeof( int [10] );
2373
2374	The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
2375	returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2376
2377	abstract_declarator:
2378	abstract_ptr
2379	\| abstract_array attribute_list_opt
2380	\| abstract_function attribute_list_opt
2381	;
2382
2383	abstract_ptr:
2384	'*'
2385	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2386	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
2387	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2388	\| '*' abstract_declarator
2389	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2390	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
2391	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2392	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')'
2393	{ $$ = $2; }
2394	;
2395
2396	abstract_array:
2397	array_dimension
2398	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
2399	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2400	\| '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2401	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2402	\| '(' abstract_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2403	{ $$ = $2; }
2404	;
2405
2406	abstract_function:
2407	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2408	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
2409	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2410	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2411	\| '(' abstract_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2412	{ $$ = $2; }
2413	;
2414
2415	array_dimension:
2416	/* Only the first dimension can be empty. */
2417	'[' push pop ']'
2418	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
2419	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension
2420	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $5 ); }
2421	\| multi_array_dimension
2422	;
2423
2424	multi_array_dimension:
2425	'[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
2426	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
2427	\| '[' push '' pop ']' / ANSI99 */
2428	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
2429	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
2430	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
2431	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push '' pop ']' / ANSI99 */
2432	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
2433	;
2434
2435	/* This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
2436	identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
2437
2438	int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
2439	int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
2440
2441	The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
2442	returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2443
2444	abstract_parameter_declarator:
2445	abstract_parameter_ptr
2446	\| abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2447	\| abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2448	;
2449
2450	abstract_parameter_ptr:
2451	'*'
2452	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2453	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
2454	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2455	\| '*' abstract_parameter_declarator
2456	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2457	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
2458	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2459	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
2460	{ $$ = $2; }
2461	;
2462
2463	abstract_parameter_array:
2464	array_parameter_dimension
2465	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
2466	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2467	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2468	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2469	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2470	{ $$ = $2; }
2471	;
2472
2473	abstract_parameter_function:
2474	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2475	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
2476	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2477	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2478	\| '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2479	{ $$ = $2; }
2480	;
2481
2482	array_parameter_dimension:
2483	/* Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. */
2484	array_parameter_1st_dimension
2485	\| array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
2486	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2487	\| multi_array_dimension
2488	;
2489
2490	/* The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
2491
2492	ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall
2493	appear only in a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the
2494	outermost array type derivation."
2495	*/
2496
2497	array_parameter_1st_dimension:
2498	'[' push pop ']'
2499	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
2500	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list '' pop ']' / remaining ANSI99 */
2501	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
2502	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2503	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
2504	\| '[' push STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
2505	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, true ); }
2506	\| '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2507	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
2508	;
2509
2510	/* This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type
2511	applies, e.g.:
2512
2513	sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
2514
2515	The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
2516	returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2517
2518	variable_abstract_declarator:
2519	variable_abstract_ptr
2520	\| variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
2521	\| variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
2522	;
2523
2524	variable_abstract_ptr:
2525	'*'
2526	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2527	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
2528	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2529	\| '*' variable_abstract_declarator
2530	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2531	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
2532	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2533	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
2534	{ $$ = $2; }
2535	;
2536
2537	variable_abstract_array:
2538	array_dimension
2539	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
2540	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2541	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2542	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2543	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2544	{ $$ = $2; }
2545	;
2546
2547	variable_abstract_function:
2548	'(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2549	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2550	\| '(' variable_abstract_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2551	{ $$ = $2; }
2552	;
2553
2554	/* This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either
2555	an identifier or typedef name and allows the ANSI99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter
2556	list. */
2557
2558	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: /* CFA */
2559	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
2560	\| new_abstract_tuple
2561	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
2562	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2563	;
2564
2565	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: /* CFA */
2566	new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2567	\| new_identifier_parameter_array
2568	;
2569
2570	new_identifier_parameter_ptr: /* CFA */
2571	'*' type_specifier
2572	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2573	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
2574	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2575	\| '*' new_abstract_function
2576	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2577	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
2578	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2579	\| '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
2580	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2581	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
2582	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2583	;
2584
2585	new_identifier_parameter_array: /* CFA */
2586	/* Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored
2587	out due to shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type. */
2588	'[' push pop ']' type_specifier
2589	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2590	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
2591	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2592	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2593	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2594	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2595	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2596	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2597	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2598	\| '[' push pop ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2599	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2600	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2601	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2602	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2603	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2604	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2605	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2606	\| multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2607	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2608	;
2609
2610	new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
2611	'[' push type_qualifier_list '' pop ']' / remaining ANSI99 */
2612	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
2613	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2614	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
2615	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2616	/* declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
2617	assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a
2618	type_qualifier cannot appear in this context. */
2619	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
2620	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2621	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
2622	;
2623
2624	/* This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is
2625	no identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
2626
2627	[int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
2628	[int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
2629
2630	These rules need LR(3):
2631
2632	new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name
2633	'[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_typedef_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
2634
2635	since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
2636
2637	[int, int] t;
2638	[int, int] f( int );
2639
2640	Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_typedef_name to know when to reduce
2641	new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow
2642	the necessary lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and
2643	tuple declarations are duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier. */
2644
2645	new_abstract_declarator_tuple: /* CFA */
2646	new_abstract_tuple
2647	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
2648	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2649	\| new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
2650	;
2651
2652	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: /* CFA */
2653	new_abstract_ptr
2654	\| new_abstract_array
2655	;
2656
2657	new_abstract_ptr: /* CFA */
2658	'*' type_specifier
2659	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2660	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
2661	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2662	\| '*' new_abstract_function
2663	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2664	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
2665	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2666	\| '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
2667	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2668	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
2669	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2670	;
2671
2672	new_abstract_array: /* CFA */
2673	/* Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
2674	shift/reduce conflict with empty (void) function return type. */
2675	'[' push pop ']' type_specifier
2676	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2677	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2678	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2679	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2680	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2681	\| '[' push pop ']' new_abstract_ptr
2682	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2683	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
2684	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2685	\| multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
2686	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2687	;
2688
2689	new_abstract_tuple: /* CFA */
2690	'[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
2691	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
2692	;
2693
2694	new_abstract_function: /* CFA */
2695	'[' push pop ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
2696	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0 ); }
2697	\| new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2698	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
2699	\| new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2700	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
2701	;
2702
2703	/* 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration
2704	specifiers in each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and
2705	type name."
2706
2707	2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the
2708	beginning of the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
2709
2710	3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
2711	prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
2712
2713	4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter
2714	identifier and declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is
2715	an obsolescent feature." */
2716
2717	/*********************** MISCELLANEOUS ******************************/
2718
2719	comma_opt: /* redundant comma */
2720	/* empty */
2721	\| ','
2722	;
2723
2724	assignment_opt:
2725	/* empty */
2726	{ $$ = 0; }
2727	\| '=' assignment_expression
2728	{ $$ = $2; }
2729	;
2730
2731	%%
2732	/* ----end of grammar----*/
2733
2734	void yyerror(char *string) {
2735	using std::cout;
2736	using std::endl;
2737	if( yyfilename ) {
2738	cout << yyfilename << ":" << endl;
2739	}
2740	cout << yylineno << ": syntax error reading token " << *(yylval.tok.str) << endl;
2741	}
2742
2743	/* Local Variables: */
2744	/* fill-column: 110 */
2745	/* compile-command: "make install" */
2746	/* End: */

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