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cfa.y @ 2c2242c

ADTaaron-thesisarm-ehast-experimentalcleanup-dtorsctordeferred_resndemanglerenumforall-pointer-decaygc_noraiijacob/cs343-translationjenkins-sandboxmemorynew-astnew-ast-unique-exprnew-envno_listpersistent-indexerpthread-emulationqualifiedEnumresolv-newstringwith_gc

Last change on this file since 2c2242c was 6c3744e, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 10 years ago
add list initializer, formatting changes
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 99.7 KB

Line
1	/* -- Mode: C --
2	*
3	* CForall Grammar Version 1.0, Copyright (C) Peter A. Buhr 2001 -- Permission is granted to copy this
4	* grammar and to use it within software systems. THIS GRAMMAR IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT
5	* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES.
6	*
7	* cfa.y --
8	*
9	* Author : Peter A. Buhr
10	* Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
11	* Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12	* Last Modified On : Sat Jan 17 09:23:45 2015
13	* Update Count : 908
14	*/
15
16	/* This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on
17	the C grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While
18	parts have been copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to
19	constitute a new grammar. In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it
20	parses less incorrect language syntax that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless,
21	there are still several semantic checks required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is
22	extended with GCC and CFA language extensions. */
23
24	/* Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got
25	stuck with the grammar. */
26
27	/* The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
28
29	1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
30
31	Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar
32	also has two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
33
34	1. nested functions
35	2. generalized lvalues
36	3. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
37	4. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
38
39	All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for
40	Cforall (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language
41	concepts. All of the syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above,
42	there is one unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is
43	discussed in detail before the "designation" grammar rule. */
44
45	%{
46	#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) /* lexer loads this up each time */
47	#define YYDEBUG 1 /* get the pretty debugging code to compile*/
48
49	#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
50
51	#include <cstdio>
52	#include <stack>
53	#include "TypedefTable.h"
54	#include "lex.h"
55	#include "ParseNode.h"
56	#include "LinkageSpec.h"
57
58	DeclarationNode theTree = 0; / the resulting parse tree */
59	LinkageSpec::Type linkage = LinkageSpec::Cforall;
60	std::stack< LinkageSpec::Type > linkageStack;
61	TypedefTable typedefTable;
62	%}
63
64	/*********************** TERMINAL TOKENS ******************************/
65
66	/* keywords */
67	%token TYPEDEF
68	%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
69	%token INLINE /* C99 */
70	%token FORTRAN /* C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1) */
71	%token CONST VOLATILE
72	%token RESTRICT /* C99 */
73	%token FORALL LVALUE /* CFA */
74	%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
75	%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY /* C99 */
76	%token TYPEOF LABEL /* GCC */
77	%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
78	%token TYPE FTYPE DTYPE CONTEXT /* CFA */
79	%token SIZEOF
80	%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION /* GCC */
81	%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
82	%token CHOOSE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH FINALLY THROW /* CFA */
83	%token ASM /* C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1) */
84	%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF ATOMIC GENERIC NORETURN STATICASSERT THREADLOCAL /* C11 */
85
86	/* names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names */
87	%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
88	%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
89	%token<tok> INTEGERconstant FLOATINGconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
90	%token<tok> ZERO ONE /* CFA */
91
92	/* multi-character operators */
93	%token ARROW /* -> */
94	%token ICR DECR /* ++ -- */
95	%token LS RS /* << >> */
96	%token LE GE EQ NE /* <= >= == != */
97	%token ANDAND OROR /* && \|\| */
98	%token ELLIPSIS /* ... */
99
100	%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign /* = /= %= /
101	%token PLUSassign MINUSassign /* += -= */
102	%token LSassign RSassign /* <<= >>= */
103	%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign /* &= ^= \|= */
104
105	/* Types declaration */
106	%union
107	{
108	Token tok;
109	ParseNode *pn;
110	ExpressionNode *en;
111	DeclarationNode *decl;
112	DeclarationNode::TyCon aggKey;
113	DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
114	StatementNode *sn;
115	ConstantNode *constant;
116	InitializerNode *in;
117	}
118
119	%type<tok> zero_one identifier no_attr_identifier no_01_identifier
120	%type<tok> identifier_or_typedef_name no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name
121	%type<constant> string_literal_list
122
123	/* expressions */
124	%type<constant> constant
125	%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
126	%type<en> unary_operator assignment_operator
127	%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
128	%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
129	%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
130	%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
131	%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
132	%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
133	%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression for_control_expression assignment_opt
134	%type<en> subrange
135
136	/* statements */
137	%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
138	%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
139	%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
140	%type<sn> statement statement_list
141	%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
142	%type<sn> case_clause
143	%type<en> case_value case_value_list
144	%type<sn> case_label case_label_list
145	%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
146	%type<pn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
147
148	/* declarations */
149	%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
150	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
151	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
152
153	%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
154	%type<decl> aggregate_name
155
156	%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
157
158	%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
159
160	%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
161
162	%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
163
164	%type<decl> context_declaration context_declaration_list context_declaring_list context_specifier
165
166	%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
167	%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
168
169	%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
170
171	%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
172	%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
173
174	%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
175
176	%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
177	%type<en> field field_list
178
179	%type<decl> function_array function_declarator function_definition function_no_ptr function_ptr
180
181	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
182	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
183
184	%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
185	%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
186	%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
187
188	%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
189
190	%type<decl> new_context_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
191	%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
192
193	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
194	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
195
196	%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
197
198	%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
199
200	%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
201	%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
202
203	%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
204	%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
205
206	%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_typedef
207
208	%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_name storage_class_list
209
210	%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
211
212	%type<tclass> type_class
213	%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
214
215	%type<decl> typedef typedef_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
216	%type<decl> typedef_function typedef_parameter_array typedef_parameter_function typedef_parameter_ptr
217	%type<decl> typedef_parameter_redeclarator typedef_ptr typedef_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
218	%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier
219
220	%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
221	%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
222
223	%type<en> type_name_list
224
225	%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
226
227	%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
228	%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
229
230	/* initializers */
231	%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
232
233	/* designators */
234	%type<en> designator designator_list designation
235
236
237	/* Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
238	is ambiguous:
239	.---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
240	if ( C ) S1 else S2
241	`-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
242
243	%nonassoc THEN /* rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement */
244	%nonassoc ELSE /* token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement */
245
246	%start translation_unit /* parse-tree root */
247
248	%%
249	/*********************** Namespace Management ******************************/
250
251	/* The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal
252	symbols "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a
253	purely context-free grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic
254	constructs. Hence, this grammar uses the ANSI style.
255
256	Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance,
257	those introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parametrized types.
258	This latter type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
259
260	Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context
261	information, it accesses a data structure (the TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that
262	it has just read. Semantic actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of
263	identifiers change.
264
265	Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its
266	class in a local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can
267	be local to a particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing
268	between type names that are local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of
269	the declaration (i.e., names defined in "typedef" or "type" declarations).
270
271	The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and
272	closing of scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do
273	not always occur within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly
274	necessary from a semantic point of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing
275	conflicts -- the parser may not have enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new
276	scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the
277	grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve
278	conflicts of this sort. */
279
280	push:
281	{
282	typedefTable.enterScope();
283	}
284	;
285
286	pop:
287	{
288	typedefTable.leaveScope();
289	}
290	;
291
292	/*********************** CONSTANTS ******************************/
293
294	constant:
295	/* ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type
296	"enumeration constant". */
297	INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode(ConstantNode::Integer, $1); }
298	\| FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode(ConstantNode::Float, $1); }
299	\| CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode(ConstantNode::Character, $1); }
300	;
301
302	identifier:
303	IDENTIFIER
304	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER /* CFA */
305	\| zero_one /* CFA */
306	;
307
308	no_01_identifier:
309	IDENTIFIER
310	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER /* CFA */
311	;
312
313	no_attr_identifier:
314	IDENTIFIER
315	;
316
317	zero_one: /* CFA */
318	ZERO
319	\| ONE
320	;
321
322	string_literal_list: /* juxtaposed strings are concatenated */
323	STRINGliteral { $$ = new ConstantNode(ConstantNode::String, $1); }
324	\| string_literal_list STRINGliteral { $$ = $1->append( $2 ); }
325	;
326
327	/*********************** EXPRESSIONS ******************************/
328
329	primary_expression:
330	IDENTIFIER /* typedef name cannot be used as a variable name */
331	{ $$ = new VarRefNode($1); }
332	\| zero_one
333	{ $$ = new VarRefNode($1); }
334	\| constant
335	{ $$ = $1; }
336	\| string_literal_list
337	{ $$ = $1; }
338	\| '(' comma_expression ')'
339	{ $$ = $2; }
340	\| '(' compound_statement ')' /* GCC, lambda expression */
341	{ $$ = new ValofExprNode($2); }
342	;
343
344	postfix_expression:
345	primary_expression
346	\| postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
347	/* CFA, comma_expression disallowed in the context because it results in a commom user error:
348	subscripting a matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards
349	compatible, there seems to be little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It
350	is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is equivalent to the old x[i,j]. */
351	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Index), $1, $4); }
352	\| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
353	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode($1, $3); }
354	\| postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
355	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), $1, new VarRefNode($3)); }
356	\| postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' /* CFA, tuple field selector */
357	\| postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
358	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), $1, new VarRefNode($3)); }
359	\| postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' /* CFA, tuple field selector */
360	\| postfix_expression ICR
361	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::IncrPost), $1); }
362	\| postfix_expression DECR
363	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::DecrPost), $1); }
364	/* GCC has priority: cast_expression */
365	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' /* C99 */
366	{ $$ = 0; }
367	;
368
369	argument_expression_list:
370	argument_expression
371	\| argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
372	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link($3)); }
373	;
374
375	argument_expression:
376	/* empty / / use default argument */
377	{ $$ = 0; }
378	\| assignment_expression
379	\| no_attr_identifier ':' assignment_expression
380	{ $$ = $3->set_asArgName($1); }
381	/* Only a list of no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name is allowed in this context. However, there
382	is insufficient look ahead to distinguish between this list of parameter names and a tuple,
383	so the tuple form must be used with an appropriate semantic check. */
384	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
385	{ $$ = $7->set_asArgName($3); }
386	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
387	{ $$ = $9->set_asArgName(new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 )))); }
388	;
389
390	field_list: /* CFA, tuple field selector */
391	field
392	\| field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
393	;
394
395	field: /* CFA, tuple field selector */
396	no_attr_identifier
397	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
398	\| no_attr_identifier '.' field
399	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3); }
400	\| no_attr_identifier '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
401	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5); }
402	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW field
403	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3); }
404	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
405	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5); }
406	;
407
408	unary_expression:
409	postfix_expression
410	\| ICR unary_expression
411	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Incr), $2); }
412	\| DECR unary_expression
413	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Decr), $2); }
414	\| EXTENSION cast_expression /* GCC */
415	{ $$ = $2; }
416	\| unary_operator cast_expression
417	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode($1, $2); }
418	\| '!' cast_expression
419	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Neg), $2); }
420	\| '' cast_expression / CFA */
421	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PointTo), $2); }
422	/* '*' is is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
423	{ * X; } // dereference X
424	{ * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
425	'&' must be moved here if C++ reference variables are supported. */
426	\| SIZEOF unary_expression
427	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::SizeOf), $2); }
428	\| SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
429	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::SizeOf), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
430	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER
431	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1)); }
432	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
433	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
434	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
435	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1), $3); }
436	\| ALIGNOF unary_expression /* GCC, variable alignment */
437	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AlignOf), $2); }
438	\| ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' /* GCC, type alignment */
439	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AlignOf), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
440	\| ANDAND no_attr_identifier /* GCC, address of label */
441	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LabelAddress), new VarRefNode($2, true)); }
442	;
443
444	unary_operator:
445	'&' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AddressOf); }
446	\| '+' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::UnPlus); }
447	\| '-' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::UnMinus); }
448	\| '~' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitNeg); }
449	;
450
451	cast_expression:
452	unary_expression
453	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
454	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cast), new TypeValueNode($2), $4); }
455	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
456	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cast), new TypeValueNode($2), $4); }
457	;
458
459	multiplicative_expression:
460	cast_expression
461	\| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
462	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Mul),$1,$3); }
463	\| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
464	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Div),$1,$3); }
465	\| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
466	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Mod),$1,$3); }
467	;
468
469	additive_expression:
470	multiplicative_expression
471	\| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
472	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Plus),$1,$3); }
473	\| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
474	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Minus),$1,$3); }
475	;
476
477	shift_expression:
478	additive_expression
479	\| shift_expression LS additive_expression
480	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LShift),$1,$3); }
481	\| shift_expression RS additive_expression
482	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::RShift),$1,$3); }
483	;
484
485	relational_expression:
486	shift_expression
487	\| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
488	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LThan),$1,$3); }
489	\| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
490	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::GThan),$1,$3); }
491	\| relational_expression LE shift_expression
492	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LEThan),$1,$3); }
493	\| relational_expression GE shift_expression
494	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::GEThan),$1,$3); }
495	;
496
497	equality_expression:
498	relational_expression
499	\| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
500	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Eq), $1, $3); }
501	\| equality_expression NE relational_expression
502	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Neq), $1, $3); }
503	;
504
505	AND_expression:
506	equality_expression
507	\| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
508	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitAnd), $1, $3); }
509	;
510
511	exclusive_OR_expression:
512	AND_expression
513	\| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
514	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Xor), $1, $3); }
515	;
516
517	inclusive_OR_expression:
518	exclusive_OR_expression
519	\| inclusive_OR_expression '\|' exclusive_OR_expression
520	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitOr), $1, $3); }
521	;
522
523	logical_AND_expression:
524	inclusive_OR_expression
525	\| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
526	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::And), $1, $3); }
527	;
528
529	logical_OR_expression:
530	logical_AND_expression
531	\| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
532	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Or), $1, $3); }
533	;
534
535	conditional_expression:
536	logical_OR_expression
537	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
538	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cond),
539	(ExpressionNode )mkList(($1,$3,$5))); }
540	\| logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty / ':' conditional_expression / GCC, omitted first operand */
541	{ $$=new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::NCond),$1,$4); }
542	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple /* CFA, tuple expression */
543	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cond),
544	(ExpressionNode )mkList(( $1, $3, $5 ))); }
545	;
546
547	constant_expression:
548	conditional_expression
549	;
550
551	assignment_expression:
552	/* CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations
553	for tuples */
554	conditional_expression
555	\| unary_expression '=' assignment_expression
556	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Assign), $1, $3); }
557	\| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
558	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode($2, $1, $3); }
559	\| tuple assignment_opt /* CFA, tuple expression */
560	{
561	if ( $2 == 0 ) {
562	$$ = $1;
563	} else {
564	$$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Assign ), $1, $2 );
565	}
566	}
567	;
568
569	assignment_expression_opt:
570	/* empty */
571	{ $$ = new NullExprNode; }
572	\| assignment_expression
573	;
574
575	tuple: /* CFA, tuple */
576	/* CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a
577	shift/reduce conflict with comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and
578	new_abstract_array */
579	'[' push pop ']'
580	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ) ); }
581	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
582	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), $3 ); }
583	\| '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
584	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(new NullExprNode)->set_link( $4 ) ); }
585	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
586	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 ) ) ); }
587	;
588
589	tuple_expression_list:
590	assignment_expression_opt
591	\| tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
592	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
593	;
594
595	assignment_operator:
596	MULTassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::MulAssn); }
597	\| DIVassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::DivAssn); }
598	\| MODassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::ModAssn); }
599	\| PLUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PlusAssn); }
600	\| MINUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::MinusAssn); }
601	\| LSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LSAssn); }
602	\| RSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::RSAssn); }
603	\| ANDassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AndAssn); }
604	\| ERassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::ERAssn); }
605	\| ORassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::OrAssn); }
606	;
607
608	comma_expression:
609	assignment_expression
610	\| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression /* { $$ = (ExpressionNode )$1->add_to_list($3); } /
611	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Comma),$1,$3); }
612	;
613
614	comma_expression_opt:
615	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
616	\| comma_expression
617	;
618
619	/************************* STATEMENTS *****************************/
620
621	statement:
622	labeled_statement
623	\| compound_statement
624	\| expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
625	\| selection_statement
626	\| iteration_statement
627	\| jump_statement
628	\| exception_statement
629	\| asm_statement
630	;
631
632	labeled_statement:
633	no_attr_identifier ':' attribute_list_opt statement
634	{ $$ = $4->add_label($1);}
635	;
636
637	compound_statement:
638	'{' '}'
639	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( (StatementNode *)0 ); }
640	\| '{'
641	/* Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within
642	the block also requires its own scope */
643	push push
644	label_declaration_opt /* GCC, local labels */
645	block_item_list pop '}' /* C99, intermix declarations and statements */
646	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( $5 ); }
647	;
648
649	block_item_list: /* C99 */
650	block_item
651	\| block_item_list push block_item
652	{ if ($1 != 0) { $1->set_link($3); $$ = $1; } }
653	;
654
655	block_item:
656	declaration /* CFA, new & old style declarations */
657	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
658	\| EXTENSION declaration /* GCC */
659	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $2 ); }
660	\| statement pop
661	;
662
663	statement_list:
664	statement
665	\| statement_list statement
666	{ if ($1 != 0) { $1->set_link($2); $$ = $1; } }
667	;
668
669	expression_statement:
670	comma_expression_opt ';'
671	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Exp, $1, 0); }
672	;
673
674	selection_statement:
675	IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
676	/* explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else */
677	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::If, $3, $5); }
678	\| IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
679	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::If, $3, (StatementNode )mkList(($5, *$7)) ); }
680	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause /* CFA */
681	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Switch, $3, $5); }
682	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' /* CFA */
683	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Switch, $3, $8); /* xxx */ }
684	/* The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include any associated initialization,
685	which is performed before the transfer to the appropriate case clause. Statements after
686	the initial declaration list can never be executed, and therefore, are removed from the
687	grammar even though C allows it. */
688	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause /* CFA */
689	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Choose, $3, $5); }
690	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' /* CFA */
691	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Choose, $3, $8); }
692	;
693
694	/* CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a
695	case clause allows a list of values and subranges. */
696
697	case_value: /* CFA */
698	constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
699	\| constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression /* GCC, subrange */
700	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range),$1,$3); }
701	\| subrange /* CFA, subrange */
702	;
703
704	case_value_list: /* CFA */
705	case_value
706	\| case_value_list ',' case_value
707	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(tupleContents($1))->set_link($3) ); }
708	;
709
710	case_label: /* CFA */
711	CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Case, $2, 0); }
712	\| DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Default); }
713	/* A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose
714	statement. */
715	;
716
717	case_label_list: /* CFA */
718	case_label
719	\| case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2)); }
720	;
721
722	case_clause: /* CFA */
723	case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
724	;
725
726	switch_clause_list_opt: /* CFA */
727	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
728	\| switch_clause_list
729	;
730
731	switch_clause_list: /* CFA */
732	case_label_list statement_list
733	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
734	\| switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
735	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2->append_last_case($3))); }
736	;
737
738	choose_clause_list_opt: /* CFA */
739	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
740	\| choose_clause_list
741	;
742
743	choose_clause_list: /* CFA */
744	case_label_list fall_through
745	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
746	\| case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
747	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($2,*$3))); }
748	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
749	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2->append_last_case($3))); }
750	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
751	{ $$ = (StatementNode )($1->set_link($2->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($3,$4))))); }
752	;
753
754	fall_through_opt: /* CFA */
755	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
756	\| fall_through
757	;
758
759	fall_through: /* CFA */
760	FALLTHRU { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0); }
761	\| FALLTHRU ';' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0); }
762	;
763
764	iteration_statement:
765	WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
766	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::While, $3, $5); }
767	\| DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
768	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Do, $5, $2); }
769	\| FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
770	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::For, $4, $6); }
771	;
772
773	for_control_expression:
774	comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
775	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode($1, $4, $6); }
776	\| declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt /* C99 */
777	/* Like C++, the loop index can be declared local to the loop. */
778	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode($1, $2, $4); }
779	;
780
781	jump_statement:
782	GOTO no_attr_identifier ';'
783	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Goto, $2); }
784	\| GOTO '' comma_expression ';' / GCC, computed goto */
785	/* The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g.,
786	goto i+3; => goto (i+3); whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (i)+3; /
787	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Goto, $3); }
788	\| CONTINUE ';'
789	/* A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an
790	iteration statement. */
791	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Continue, 0, 0); }
792	\| CONTINUE no_attr_identifier ';' /* CFA, multi-level continue */
793	/* A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an
794	iteration statement, and the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an
795	iteration statement. */
796	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Continue, $2); }
797	\| BREAK ';'
798	/* A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an
799	iteration statement. */
800	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Break, 0, 0); }
801	\| BREAK no_attr_identifier ';' /* CFA, multi-level exit */
802	/* A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an
803	iteration statement, and the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an
804	iteration statement. */
805	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Break, $2 ); }
806	\| RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
807	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Return, $2, 0); }
808	\| THROW assignment_expression ';'
809	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Throw, $2, 0); }
810	\| THROW ';'
811	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Throw, 0, 0); }
812	;
813
814	exception_statement:
815	TRY compound_statement handler_list
816	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3)))); }
817	\| TRY compound_statement finally_clause
818	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3)))); }
819	\| TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
820	{
821	$3->set_link($4);
822	$$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3))));
823	}
824	;
825
826	handler_list:
827	/* There must be at least one catch clause */
828	handler_clause
829	/* ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for
830	its try block. */
831	\| CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
832	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $5, true ); }
833	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
834	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $6, true ) ); }
835	;
836
837	handler_clause:
838	CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
839	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt($5, $8); }
840	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
841	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt($6, $9) ); }
842	;
843
844	finally_clause:
845	FINALLY compound_statement
846	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Finally, 0, $2);
847	std::cout << "Just created a finally node" << std::endl;
848	}
849	;
850
851	exception_declaration:
852	/* A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
853
854	catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
855
856	This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types. */
857	type_specifier
858	\| type_specifier declarator
859	{
860	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
861	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
862	}
863	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
864	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
865	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier /* CFA */
866	{
867	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
868	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
869	}
870	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple /* CFA */
871	;
872
873	asm_statement:
874	ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ')' ';'
875	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
876	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' /* remaining GCC */
877	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
878	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
879	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
880	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':'
881	asm_clobbers_list ')' ';'
882	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
883	;
884
885	asm_operands_opt: /* GCC */
886	/* empty */
887	\| asm_operands_list
888	;
889
890	asm_operands_list: /* GCC */
891	asm_operand
892	\| asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
893	;
894
895	asm_operand: /* GCC */
896	STRINGliteral '(' constant_expression ')' {}
897	;
898
899	asm_clobbers_list: /* GCC */
900	STRINGliteral {}
901	\| asm_clobbers_list ',' STRINGliteral
902	;
903
904	/***************************** DECLARATIONS *******************************/
905
906	declaration_list_opt: /* used at beginning of switch statement */
907	pop
908	{ $$ = 0; }
909	\| declaration_list
910	;
911
912	declaration_list:
913	declaration
914	\| declaration_list push declaration
915	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
916	;
917
918	old_declaration_list_opt: /* used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions */
919	pop
920	{ $$ = 0; }
921	\| old_declaration_list
922	;
923
924	old_declaration_list:
925	old_declaration
926	\| old_declaration_list push old_declaration
927	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
928	;
929
930	label_declaration_opt: /* GCC, local label */
931	/* empty */
932	\| label_declaration_list
933	;
934
935	label_declaration_list: /* GCC, local label */
936	LABEL label_list ';'
937	\| label_declaration_list LABEL label_list ';'
938	;
939
940	label_list: /* GCC, local label */
941	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name {}
942	\| label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name {}
943	;
944
945	declaration: /* CFA, new & old style declarations */
946	new_declaration
947	\| old_declaration
948	;
949
950	/* C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and
951	function declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places
952	declaration modifiers to the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of
953	the base type. CFA declaration modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type
954	specification is distributed across all variables in the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the
955	new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program block, but cannot be mixed within a specific
956	declaration.
957
958	CFA C
959	[10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
960	[10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
961	*/
962
963	new_declaration: /* CFA */
964	new_variable_declaration pop ';'
965	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
966	\| new_function_declaration pop ';'
967	\| type_declaring_list pop ';'
968	\| context_specifier pop ';'
969	;
970
971	new_variable_declaration: /* CFA */
972	new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
973	{
974	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
975	$$ = $1;
976	}
977	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
978	/* declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is
979	necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context. */
980	{
981	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
982	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
983	}
984	\| new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name initializer_opt
985	{
986	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID);
987	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
988	}
989	;
990
991	new_variable_specifier: /* CFA */
992	/* A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit
993	or explicit static storage-class */
994	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
995	{
996	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
997	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
998	}
999	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
1000	{
1001	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
1002	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
1003	}
1004	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
1005	{
1006	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
1007	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
1008	}
1009	;
1010
1011	new_function_declaration: /* CFA */
1012	new_function_specifier
1013	{
1014	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1015	$$ = $1;
1016	}
1017	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
1018	/* declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is
1019	necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in this context. */
1020	{
1021	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1022	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
1023	}
1024	\| new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name
1025	{
1026	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID);
1027	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1028	}
1029	;
1030
1031	new_function_specifier: /* CFA */
1032	'[' push pop ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1033	{
1034	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($5) );
1035	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1036	}
1037	\| '[' push pop ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1038	{
1039	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($5) );
1040	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1041	}
1042	/* identifier_or_typedef_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
1043
1044	'[' ']' identifier_or_typedef_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
1045	'[' ']' type_specifier
1046
1047	type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g. typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore
1048	this must be flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce
1049	identifier_or_typedef_name. */
1050	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1051	/* To obtain LR(1), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see
1052	new_abstract_declarator). */
1053	{
1054	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
1055	}
1056	\| new_function_return identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1057	{
1058	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
1059	}
1060	;
1061
1062	new_function_return: /* CFA */
1063	'[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
1064	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
1065	\| '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
1066	/* To obtain LR(1), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to
1067	lookahead to the ']'. */
1068	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
1069	;
1070
1071	new_typedef_declaration: /* CFA */
1072	TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
1073	{
1074	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1075	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
1076	}
1077	\| TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
1078	{
1079	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1080	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
1081	}
1082	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
1083	{
1084	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD);
1085	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1086	}
1087	;
1088
1089	/* Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is
1090	factored out as a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and
1091	initialization. */
1092
1093	typedef_declaration:
1094	TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
1095	{
1096	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1097	$$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
1098	}
1099	\| typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
1100	{
1101	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1102	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
1103	}
1104	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1105	{
1106	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1107	$$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
1108	}
1109	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
1110	{
1111	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1112	$$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
1113	}
1114	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
1115	{
1116	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
1117	$$ = $4->addQualifiers($1)->addTypedef()->addType($1);
1118	}
1119	;
1120
1121	typedef_expression: /* GCC, naming expression type */
1122	TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1123	{
1124	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::TD);
1125	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
1126	}
1127	\| typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1128	{
1129	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($5), TypedefTable::TD);
1130	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
1131	}
1132	;
1133
1134	old_declaration:
1135	declaring_list pop ';'
1136	\| typedef_declaration pop ';'
1137	\| typedef_expression pop ';' /* GCC, naming expression type */
1138	\| sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
1139	;
1140
1141	declaring_list:
1142	/* A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit
1143	or explicit static storage-class */
1144	declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1145	{
1146	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1147	$$ = ($2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer($4);
1148	}
1149	\| declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1150	{
1151	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1152	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer($6) ) );
1153	}
1154	;
1155
1156	declaration_specifier: /* type specifier + storage class */
1157	basic_declaration_specifier
1158	\| sue_declaration_specifier
1159	\| typedef_declaration_specifier
1160	\| typegen_declaration_specifier
1161	;
1162
1163	type_specifier: /* declaration specifier - storage class */
1164	basic_type_specifier
1165	\| sue_type_specifier
1166	\| typedef_type_specifier
1167	\| typegen_type_specifier
1168	;
1169
1170	type_qualifier_list_opt: /* GCC, used in asm_statement */
1171	/* empty */
1172	{ $$ = 0; }
1173	\| type_qualifier_list
1174	;
1175
1176	type_qualifier_list:
1177	/* A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of
1178	declaration.
1179
1180	ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the
1181	same specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is
1182	the same as if it appeared only once. */
1183	type_qualifier
1184	\| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
1185	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1186	;
1187
1188	type_qualifier:
1189	type_qualifier_name
1190	\| attribute
1191	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
1192	;
1193
1194	type_qualifier_name:
1195	CONST
1196	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
1197	\| RESTRICT
1198	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
1199	\| VOLATILE
1200	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
1201	\| LVALUE /* CFA */
1202	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
1203	\| FORALL '('
1204	{
1205	typedefTable.enterScope();
1206	}
1207	type_parameter_list ')' /* CFA */
1208	{
1209	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1210	$$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
1211	}
1212	;
1213
1214	declaration_qualifier_list:
1215	storage_class_list
1216	\| type_qualifier_list storage_class_list /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1217	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1218	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
1219	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1220	;
1221
1222	storage_class_list:
1223	/* A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of
1224	declaration and that only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear
1225	with the others.
1226
1227	ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in
1228	the declaration specifiers in a declaration. */
1229	storage_class
1230	\| storage_class_list storage_class
1231	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1232	;
1233
1234	storage_class:
1235	storage_class_name
1236	;
1237
1238	storage_class_name:
1239	AUTO
1240	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
1241	\| EXTERN
1242	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
1243	\| REGISTER
1244	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
1245	\| STATIC
1246	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
1247	\| INLINE /* C99 */
1248	/* INLINE is essentially a storage class specifier for functions, and hence, belongs here. */
1249	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
1250	\| FORTRAN /* C99 */
1251	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
1252	;
1253
1254	basic_type_name:
1255	CHAR
1256	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
1257	\| DOUBLE
1258	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
1259	\| FLOAT
1260	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
1261	\| INT
1262	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
1263	\| LONG
1264	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
1265	\| SHORT
1266	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
1267	\| SIGNED
1268	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
1269	\| UNSIGNED
1270	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
1271	\| VOID
1272	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
1273	\| BOOL /* C99 */
1274	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
1275	\| COMPLEX /* C99 */
1276	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
1277	\| IMAGINARY /* C99 */
1278	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
1279	;
1280
1281	basic_declaration_specifier:
1282	/* A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes. */
1283	basic_type_specifier
1284	\| declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
1285	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1286	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1287	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1288	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1289	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1290	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
1291	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
1292	;
1293
1294	basic_type_specifier:
1295	direct_type_name
1296	\| type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
1297	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1298	;
1299
1300	direct_type_name:
1301	/* A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers. */
1302	basic_type_name
1303	\| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
1304	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1305	\| direct_type_name type_qualifier
1306	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1307	\| direct_type_name basic_type_name
1308	{ $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
1309	;
1310
1311	indirect_type_name:
1312	TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' /* GCC: typeof(x) y; */
1313	{ $$ = $3; }
1314	\| TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' /* GCC: typeof(a+b) y; */
1315	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
1316	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' /* CFA: e.g., @type(x) y; */
1317	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1318	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' /* CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y; */
1319	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1320	;
1321
1322	sue_declaration_specifier:
1323	sue_type_specifier
1324	\| declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
1325	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1326	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1327	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1328	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1329	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1330	;
1331
1332	sue_type_specifier:
1333	elaborated_type_name /* struct, union, enum */
1334	\| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
1335	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1336	\| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
1337	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1338	;
1339
1340	typedef_declaration_specifier:
1341	typedef_type_specifier
1342	\| declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
1343	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1344	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1345	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1346	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1347	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1348	;
1349
1350	typedef_type_specifier: /* typedef types */
1351	TYPEDEFname
1352	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
1353	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
1354	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1355	\| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
1356	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1357	;
1358
1359	elaborated_type_name:
1360	aggregate_name
1361	\| enum_name
1362	;
1363
1364	aggregate_name:
1365	aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
1366	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, 0, 0, $3 ); }
1367	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1368	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, 0 ); }
1369	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}'
1370	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, $4 ); }
1371	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' /* CFA */
1372	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $4, 0, $8 ); }
1373	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name /* CFA */
1374	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, $4, 0, 0 ); }
1375	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}' /* CFA */
1376	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, $4, 0, $9 ); }
1377	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' /* CFA */
1378	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $4, $8, $11 ); }
1379	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_name_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name /* CFA */
1380	/* push and pop are only to prevent S/R conflicts */
1381	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, 0, $4, 0 ); }
1382	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '(' type_name_list ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}' /* CFA */
1383	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $10, $4, $8, $12 ); }
1384	;
1385
1386	aggregate_key:
1387	STRUCT attribute_list_opt
1388	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
1389	\| UNION attribute_list_opt
1390	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
1391	;
1392
1393	field_declaration_list:
1394	field_declaration
1395	{ $$ = $1; }
1396	\| field_declaration_list field_declaration
1397	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $2 ); }
1398	;
1399
1400	field_declaration:
1401	new_field_declaring_list ';' /* CFA, new style field declaration */
1402	\| EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' /* GCC */
1403	{ $$ = $2; }
1404	\| field_declaring_list ';'
1405	\| EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' /* GCC */
1406	{ $$ = $2; }
1407	;
1408
1409	new_field_declaring_list: /* CFA, new style field declaration */
1410	new_abstract_declarator_tuple /* CFA, no field name */
1411	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1412	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1413	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1414	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
1415	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' /* CFA, no field name */
1416	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
1417	;
1418
1419	field_declaring_list:
1420	type_specifier field_declarator
1421	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1422	\| field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
1423	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
1424	;
1425
1426	field_declarator:
1427	/* empty / / CFA, no field name */
1428	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ }
1429	\| bit_subrange_size /* no field name */
1430	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
1431	\| variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
1432	/* A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int. */
1433	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
1434	\| typedef_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
1435	/* A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int. */
1436	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
1437	\| variable_abstract_declarator /* CFA, no field name */
1438	;
1439
1440	bit_subrange_size_opt:
1441	/* empty */
1442	{ $$ = 0; }
1443	\| bit_subrange_size
1444	{ $$ = $1; }
1445	;
1446
1447	bit_subrange_size:
1448	':' constant_expression
1449	{ $$ = $2; }
1450	;
1451
1452	enum_key:
1453	ENUM attribute_list_opt
1454	;
1455
1456	enum_name:
1457	enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
1458	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( 0, $3 ); }
1459	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
1460	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $4 ); }
1461	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1462	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 ); }
1463	;
1464
1465	enumerator_list:
1466	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name enumerator_value_opt
1467	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
1468	\| enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name enumerator_value_opt
1469	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
1470	;
1471
1472	enumerator_value_opt:
1473	/* empty */
1474	{ $$ = 0; }
1475	\| '=' constant_expression
1476	{ $$ = $2; }
1477	;
1478
1479	/* Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end. */
1480
1481	new_parameter_type_list_opt: /* CFA */
1482	/* empty */
1483	{ $$ = 0; }
1484	\| new_parameter_type_list
1485	;
1486
1487	new_parameter_type_list: /* CFA, abstract + real */
1488	new_abstract_parameter_list
1489	\| new_parameter_list
1490	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
1491	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1492	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1493	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1494	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1495	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1496	;
1497
1498	new_parameter_list: /* CFA */
1499	/* To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last
1500	new_abstract_parameter_list is factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules
1501	to get lookahead to the ']'. */
1502	new_parameter_declaration
1503	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1504	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1505	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1506	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1507	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1508	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
1509	;
1510
1511	new_abstract_parameter_list: /* CFA, new & old style abstract */
1512	new_abstract_parameter_declaration
1513	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
1514	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1515	;
1516
1517	parameter_type_list_opt:
1518	/* empty */
1519	{ $$ = 0; }
1520	\| parameter_type_list
1521	;
1522
1523	parameter_type_list:
1524	parameter_list
1525	\| parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1526	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1527	;
1528
1529	parameter_list: /* abstract + real */
1530	abstract_parameter_declaration
1531	\| parameter_declaration
1532	\| parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
1533	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1534	\| parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
1535	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1536	;
1537
1538	/* Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different
1539	semantics for typedef name by using typedef_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and
1540	function prototypes. */
1541
1542	new_parameter_declaration: /* CFA, new & old style parameter declaration */
1543	parameter_declaration
1544	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
1545	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1546	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
1547	/* To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator). */
1548	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1549	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
1550	{ $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1551	\| new_function_specifier
1552	;
1553
1554	new_abstract_parameter_declaration: /* CFA, new & old style parameter declaration */
1555	abstract_parameter_declaration
1556	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
1557	\| new_abstract_tuple
1558	/* To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator). */
1559	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
1560	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1561	\| new_abstract_function
1562	;
1563
1564	parameter_declaration:
1565	declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
1566	{
1567	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1568	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode($3) );
1569	}
1570	\| declaration_specifier typedef_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
1571	{
1572	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID);
1573	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode($3) );
1574	}
1575	;
1576
1577	abstract_parameter_declaration:
1578	declaration_specifier
1579	\| declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
1580	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1581	;
1582
1583	/* ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
1584	parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is
1585	based only on identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name. */
1586
1587	identifier_list: /* K&R-style parameter list => no types */
1588	no_attr_identifier
1589	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
1590	\| identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
1591	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
1592	;
1593
1594	identifier_or_typedef_name:
1595	identifier
1596	\| TYPEDEFname
1597	\| TYPEGENname
1598	;
1599
1600	no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name:
1601	no_01_identifier
1602	\| TYPEDEFname
1603	\| TYPEGENname
1604	;
1605
1606	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name:
1607	no_attr_identifier
1608	\| TYPEDEFname
1609	\| TYPEGENname
1610	;
1611
1612	type_name_no_function: /* sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor) */
1613	new_abstract_declarator_tuple /* CFA */
1614	\| type_specifier
1615	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
1616	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1617	;
1618
1619	type_name: /* typeof, assertion */
1620	new_abstract_declarator_tuple /* CFA */
1621	\| new_abstract_function /* CFA */
1622	\| type_specifier
1623	\| type_specifier abstract_declarator
1624	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1625	;
1626
1627	initializer_opt:
1628	/* empty */ { $$ = 0; }
1629	\| '=' initializer { $$ = $2; }
1630	;
1631
1632	initializer:
1633	assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode($1); }
1634	\| '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode($2, true); }
1635	;
1636
1637	initializer_list:
1638	initializer
1639	\| designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
1640	\| initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link($3) ); }
1641	\| initializer_list ',' designation initializer
1642	{ $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link( $4->set_designators($3) ) ); }
1643	;
1644
1645	/* There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem
1646	is use of '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
1647
1648	int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
1649
1650	The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this
1651	case, CFA changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC
1652	does uses ":" for field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be
1653	supported either due to shift/reduce conflicts */
1654
1655	designation:
1656	designator_list ':' /* C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "=" */
1657	\| no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name ':' /* GCC, field name */
1658	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
1659	;
1660
1661	designator_list: /* C99 */
1662	designator
1663	\| designator_list designator { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link( $2 )); }
1664	;
1665
1666	designator:
1667	'.' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name /* C99, field name */
1668	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $2 ); }
1669	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' /* C99, single array element */
1670	/* assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts
1671	with tuple. */
1672	{ $$ = $3; }
1673	\| '[' push subrange pop ']' /* CFA, multiple array elements */
1674	{ $$ = $3; }
1675	\| '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' /* GCC, multiple array elements */
1676	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range), $3, $5); }
1677	\| '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' /* CFA, tuple field selector */
1678	{ $$ = $4; }
1679	;
1680
1681	/* The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type
1682	parameters, rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
1683
1684	Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
1685
1686	Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used
1687	for object and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with
1688	initializers provide definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide
1689	opaque types.
1690
1691	Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at
1692	the call site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
1693
1694	Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
1695	types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble
1696	subclass hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare
1697	that a type or types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used
1698	to declare requirements on type arguments of polymorphic functions. */
1699
1700	typegen_declaration_specifier: /* CFA */
1701	typegen_type_specifier
1702	\| declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
1703	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1704	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class /* remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2) */
1705	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1706	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1707	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1708	;
1709
1710	typegen_type_specifier: /* CFA */
1711	TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
1712	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
1713	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
1714	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $2, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1715	\| typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
1716	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1717	;
1718
1719	type_parameter_list: /* CFA */
1720	type_parameter assignment_opt
1721	\| type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
1722	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1723	;
1724
1725	type_parameter: /* CFA */
1726	type_class no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1727	{ typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::TD); }
1728	assertion_list_opt
1729	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
1730	\| type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
1731	;
1732
1733	type_class: /* CFA */
1734	TYPE
1735	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Type; }
1736	\| DTYPE
1737	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
1738	\| FTYPE
1739	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
1740	;
1741
1742	assertion_list_opt: /* CFA */
1743	/* empty */
1744	{ $$ = 0; }
1745	\| assertion_list_opt assertion
1746	{ $$ = $1 == 0 ? $2 : $1->appendList( $2 ); }
1747	;
1748
1749	assertion: /* CFA */
1750	'\|' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' type_name_list ')'
1751	{
1752	typedefTable.openContext( *($2) );
1753	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContextUse( $2, $4 );
1754	}
1755	\| '\|' '{' push context_declaration_list '}'
1756	{ $$ = $4; }
1757	\| '\|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push context_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
1758	{ $$ = 0; }
1759	;
1760
1761	type_name_list: /* CFA */
1762	type_name
1763	{ $$ = new TypeValueNode( $1 ); }
1764	\| assignment_expression
1765	\| type_name_list ',' type_name
1766	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link(new TypeValueNode( $3 ))); }
1767	\| type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
1768	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link($3)); }
1769	;
1770
1771	type_declaring_list: /* CFA */
1772	TYPE type_declarator
1773	{ $$ = $2; }
1774	\| storage_class_list TYPE type_declarator
1775	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1776	\| type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
1777	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
1778	;
1779
1780	type_declarator: /* CFA */
1781	type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
1782	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
1783	\| type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
1784	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
1785	;
1786
1787	type_declarator_name: /* CFA */
1788	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
1789	{
1790	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($1), TypedefTable::TD);
1791	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
1792	}
1793	\| no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
1794	{
1795	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($1), TypedefTable::TG);
1796	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
1797	}
1798	;
1799
1800	context_specifier: /* CFA */
1801	CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
1802	{
1803	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::ID);
1804	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, 0 );
1805	}
1806	\| CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
1807	{
1808	typedefTable.enterContext( *($2) );
1809	typedefTable.enterScope();
1810	}
1811	context_declaration_list '}'
1812	{
1813	typedefTable.leaveContext();
1814	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::ID);
1815	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, $10 );
1816	}
1817	;
1818
1819	context_declaration_list: /* CFA */
1820	context_declaration
1821	\| context_declaration_list push context_declaration
1822	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1823	;
1824
1825	context_declaration: /* CFA */
1826	new_context_declaring_list pop ';'
1827	\| context_declaring_list pop ';'
1828	;
1829
1830	new_context_declaring_list: /* CFA */
1831	new_variable_specifier
1832	{
1833	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
1834	$$ = $1;
1835	}
1836	\| new_function_specifier
1837	{
1838	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
1839	$$ = $1;
1840	}
1841	\| new_context_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name
1842	{
1843	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *($5), TypedefTable::ID );
1844	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1845	}
1846	;
1847
1848	context_declaring_list: /* CFA */
1849	type_specifier declarator
1850	{
1851	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID);
1852	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
1853	}
1854	\| context_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
1855	{
1856	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID);
1857	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
1858	}
1859	;
1860
1861	/*************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS ***************************/
1862
1863	translation_unit:
1864	/* empty / / empty input file */
1865	{}
1866	\| external_definition_list
1867	{
1868	if ( theTree ) {
1869	theTree->appendList( $1 );
1870	} else {
1871	theTree = $1;
1872	}
1873	}
1874	;
1875
1876	external_definition_list:
1877	external_definition
1878	\| external_definition_list push external_definition
1879	{
1880	if ( $1 ) {
1881	$$ = $1->appendList( $3 );
1882	} else {
1883	$$ = $3;
1884	}
1885	}
1886	;
1887
1888	external_definition_list_opt:
1889	/* empty */
1890	{
1891	$$ = 0;
1892	}
1893	\| external_definition_list
1894	;
1895
1896	external_definition:
1897	declaration
1898	\| function_definition
1899	\| asm_statement /* GCC, global assembler statement */
1900	{}
1901	\| EXTERN STRINGliteral
1902	{
1903	linkageStack.push( linkage );
1904	linkage = LinkageSpec::fromString( *$2 );
1905	}
1906	'{' external_definition_list_opt '}' /* C++-style linkage specifier */
1907	{
1908	linkage = linkageStack.top();
1909	linkageStack.pop();
1910	$$ = $5;
1911	}
1912	\| EXTENSION external_definition
1913	{ $$ = $2; }
1914	;
1915
1916	function_definition:
1917	new_function_specifier compound_statement /* CFA */
1918	{
1919	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1920	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1921	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
1922	}
1923	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier compound_statement /* CFA */
1924	/* declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is
1925	necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in this context. */
1926	{
1927	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1928	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1929	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1930	}
1931
1932	\| declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
1933	{
1934	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1935	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1936	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
1937	}
1938
1939	/* These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a
1940	significant amount of code with functions missing a type-specifier on the return type.
1941	Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an
1942	expression (nested functions would preclude this concession). A function prototype
1943	declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1) */
1944	\| function_declarator compound_statement
1945	{
1946	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1947	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1948	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
1949	}
1950	\| type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
1951	{
1952	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1953	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1954	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1955	}
1956	\| declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
1957	{
1958	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1959	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1960	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1961	}
1962	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
1963	{
1964	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1965	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1966	$$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1967	}
1968
1969	/* Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4) */
1970	\| declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
1971	{
1972	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1973	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1974	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
1975	}
1976	\| old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
1977	{
1978	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1979	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1980	$$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
1981	}
1982	\| type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
1983	{
1984	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1985	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1986	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1987	}
1988
1989	/* Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4) */
1990	\| declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
1991	{
1992	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1993	typedefTable.leaveScope();
1994	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
1995	}
1996	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt
1997	compound_statement
1998	{
1999	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2000	typedefTable.leaveScope();
2001	$$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2002	}
2003	;
2004
2005	declarator:
2006	variable_declarator
2007	\| function_declarator
2008	\| typedef_redeclarator
2009	;
2010
2011	subrange:
2012	constant_expression '~' constant_expression /* CFA, integer subrange */
2013	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range), $1, $3); }
2014	;
2015
2016	asm_name_opt: /* GCC */
2017	/* empty */
2018	\| ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt
2019	;
2020
2021	attribute_list_opt: /* GCC */
2022	/* empty */
2023	\| attribute_list
2024	;
2025
2026	attribute_list: /* GCC */
2027	attribute
2028	\| attribute_list attribute
2029	;
2030
2031	attribute: /* GCC */
2032	ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
2033	;
2034
2035	attribute_parameter_list: /* GCC */
2036	attrib
2037	\| attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
2038	;
2039
2040	attrib: /* GCC */
2041	/* empty */
2042	\| any_word
2043	\| any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')'
2044	;
2045
2046	any_word: /* GCC */
2047	identifier_or_typedef_name {}
2048	\| storage_class_name {}
2049	\| basic_type_name {}
2050	\| type_qualifier {}
2051	;
2052
2053	/* ============================================================================
2054	The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are
2055	necessary because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage
2056	in an expression, as in:
2057
2058	int (*f())[10] { ... };
2059	... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
2060
2061	Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some
2062	or all of the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a
2063	particular context.
2064	============================================================================ */
2065
2066	/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2067	The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of
2068	declarators to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
2069
2070	valid declaration invalid definition
2071	----------------- ------------------
2072	int f; int f {}
2073	int f; int f {}
2074	int f[10]; int f[10] {}
2075	int (f)(int); int (f)(int) {}
2076
2077	To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function
2078	declarators, hence variable_declarator and function_declarator.
2079	---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
2080
2081	/* This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern
2082	precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions. */
2083
2084	variable_declarator:
2085	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2086	\| variable_ptr
2087	\| variable_array attribute_list_opt
2088	\| variable_function attribute_list_opt
2089	;
2090
2091	paren_identifier:
2092	identifier
2093	{
2094	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
2095	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2096	}
2097	\| '(' paren_identifier ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2098	{ $$ = $2; }
2099	;
2100
2101	variable_ptr:
2102	'*' variable_declarator
2103	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2104	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
2105	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2106	\| '(' variable_ptr ')'
2107	{ $$ = $2; }
2108	;
2109
2110	variable_array:
2111	paren_identifier array_dimension
2112	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2113	\| '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
2114	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2115	\| '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2116	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2117	\| '(' variable_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2118	{ $$ = $2; }
2119	;
2120
2121	variable_function:
2122	'(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2123	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2124	\| '(' variable_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2125	{ $$ = $2; }
2126	;
2127
2128	/* This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. Because functions cannot
2129	be nested, there is no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name. To allow nested
2130	functions requires further separation of variable and function declarators in typedef_redeclarator. The
2131	pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2132
2133	function_declarator:
2134	function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
2135	\| function_ptr
2136	\| function_array attribute_list_opt
2137	;
2138
2139	function_no_ptr:
2140	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2141	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2142	\| '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2143	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2144	\| '(' function_no_ptr ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2145	{ $$ = $2; }
2146	;
2147
2148	function_ptr:
2149	'*' function_declarator
2150	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2151	\| '*' type_qualifier_list function_declarator
2152	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2153	\| '(' function_ptr ')'
2154	{ $$ = $2; }
2155	;
2156
2157	function_array:
2158	'(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2159	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2160	\| '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2161	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2162	\| '(' function_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2163	{ $$ = $2; }
2164	;
2165
2166	/* This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a
2167	typedef name (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and
2168	functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2169
2170	old_function_declarator:
2171	old_function_no_ptr
2172	\| old_function_ptr
2173	\| old_function_array
2174	;
2175
2176	old_function_no_ptr:
2177	paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' /* function_declarator handles empty parameter */
2178	{ $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
2179	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
2180	{ $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
2181	\| '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2182	{ $$ = $2; }
2183	;
2184
2185	old_function_ptr:
2186	'*' old_function_declarator
2187	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2188	\| '*' type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
2189	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2190	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')'
2191	{ $$ = $2; }
2192	;
2193
2194	old_function_array:
2195	'(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2196	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2197	\| '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2198	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2199	\| '(' old_function_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2200	{ $$ = $2; }
2201	;
2202
2203	/* This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a typedef name, e.g.:
2204
2205	typedef int foo;
2206	{
2207	int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
2208	}
2209
2210	The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
2211	returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2212
2213	typedef_redeclarator:
2214	paren_typedef attribute_list_opt
2215	\| typedef_ptr
2216	\| typedef_array attribute_list_opt
2217	\| typedef_function attribute_list_opt
2218	;
2219
2220	paren_typedef:
2221	TYPEDEFname
2222	{
2223	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
2224	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2225	}
2226	\| '(' paren_typedef ')'
2227	{ $$ = $2; }
2228	;
2229
2230	typedef_ptr:
2231	'*' typedef_redeclarator
2232	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2233	\| '*' type_qualifier_list typedef_redeclarator
2234	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2235	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')'
2236	{ $$ = $2; }
2237	;
2238
2239	typedef_array:
2240	paren_typedef array_dimension
2241	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2242	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')' array_dimension
2243	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2244	\| '(' typedef_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2245	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2246	\| '(' typedef_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2247	{ $$ = $2; }
2248	;
2249
2250	typedef_function:
2251	paren_typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2252	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2253	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2254	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2255	\| '(' typedef_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2256	{ $$ = $2; }
2257	;
2258
2259	/* This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a
2260	typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern
2261	precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2262	and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2263
2264	identifier_parameter_declarator:
2265	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2266	\| identifier_parameter_ptr
2267	\| identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2268	\| identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2269	;
2270
2271	identifier_parameter_ptr:
2272	'*' identifier_parameter_declarator
2273	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2274	\| '*' type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
2275	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2276	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
2277	{ $$ = $2; }
2278	;
2279
2280	identifier_parameter_array:
2281	paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
2282	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2283	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
2284	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2285	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2286	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2287	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2288	{ $$ = $2; }
2289	;
2290
2291	identifier_parameter_function:
2292	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2293	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2294	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2295	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2296	\| '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2297	{ $$ = $2; }
2298	;
2299
2300	/* This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a
2301	typedef name, e.g.:
2302
2303	typedef int foo;
2304	int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
2305
2306	and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern
2307	handles the special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
2308
2309	ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
2310	parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
2311	not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
2312
2313	which precludes the following cases:
2314
2315	typedef float T;
2316	int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
2317	int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
2318	int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
2319	int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
2320
2321	In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type
2322	list, and not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes
2323	declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and
2324	functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2325
2326	typedef_parameter_redeclarator:
2327	typedef attribute_list_opt
2328	\| typedef_parameter_ptr
2329	\| typedef_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2330	\| typedef_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2331	;
2332
2333	typedef:
2334	TYPEDEFname
2335	{
2336	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
2337	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2338	}
2339	;
2340
2341	typedef_parameter_ptr:
2342	'*' typedef_parameter_redeclarator
2343	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2344	\| '*' type_qualifier_list typedef_parameter_redeclarator
2345	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2346	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')'
2347	{ $$ = $2; }
2348	;
2349
2350	typedef_parameter_array:
2351	typedef array_parameter_dimension
2352	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2353	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
2354	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2355	;
2356
2357	typedef_parameter_function:
2358	typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2359	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2360	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2361	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2362	;
2363
2364	/* This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
2365	identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
2366
2367	sizeof( int );
2368	sizeof( int [10] );
2369
2370	The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
2371	returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2372
2373	abstract_declarator:
2374	abstract_ptr
2375	\| abstract_array attribute_list_opt
2376	\| abstract_function attribute_list_opt
2377	;
2378
2379	abstract_ptr:
2380	'*'
2381	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2382	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
2383	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2384	\| '*' abstract_declarator
2385	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2386	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
2387	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2388	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')'
2389	{ $$ = $2; }
2390	;
2391
2392	abstract_array:
2393	array_dimension
2394	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
2395	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2396	\| '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2397	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2398	\| '(' abstract_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2399	{ $$ = $2; }
2400	;
2401
2402	abstract_function:
2403	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2404	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
2405	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2406	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2407	\| '(' abstract_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2408	{ $$ = $2; }
2409	;
2410
2411	array_dimension:
2412	/* Only the first dimension can be empty. */
2413	'[' push pop ']'
2414	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
2415	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension
2416	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $5 ); }
2417	\| multi_array_dimension
2418	;
2419
2420	multi_array_dimension:
2421	'[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
2422	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
2423	\| '[' push '' pop ']' / C99 */
2424	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
2425	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
2426	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
2427	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push '' pop ']' / C99 */
2428	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
2429	;
2430
2431	/* This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
2432	identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
2433
2434	int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
2435	int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
2436
2437	The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
2438	returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2439
2440	abstract_parameter_declarator:
2441	abstract_parameter_ptr
2442	\| abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2443	\| abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2444	;
2445
2446	abstract_parameter_ptr:
2447	'*'
2448	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2449	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
2450	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2451	\| '*' abstract_parameter_declarator
2452	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2453	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
2454	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2455	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
2456	{ $$ = $2; }
2457	;
2458
2459	abstract_parameter_array:
2460	array_parameter_dimension
2461	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
2462	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2463	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2464	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2465	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2466	{ $$ = $2; }
2467	;
2468
2469	abstract_parameter_function:
2470	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2471	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
2472	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2473	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2474	\| '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2475	{ $$ = $2; }
2476	;
2477
2478	array_parameter_dimension:
2479	/* Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. */
2480	array_parameter_1st_dimension
2481	\| array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
2482	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2483	\| multi_array_dimension
2484	;
2485
2486	/* The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
2487
2488	ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall
2489	appear only in a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the
2490	outermost array type derivation." */
2491
2492	array_parameter_1st_dimension:
2493	'[' push pop ']'
2494	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
2495	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
2496	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list '' pop ']' / remaining C99 */
2497	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
2498	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
2499	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
2500	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
2501	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2502	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
2503	\| '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
2504	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
2505	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
2506	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
2507	;
2508
2509	/* This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type
2510	applies, e.g.:
2511
2512	sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
2513
2514	The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
2515	returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. */
2516
2517	variable_abstract_declarator:
2518	variable_abstract_ptr
2519	\| variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
2520	\| variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
2521	;
2522
2523	variable_abstract_ptr:
2524	'*'
2525	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2526	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
2527	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2528	\| '*' variable_abstract_declarator
2529	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2530	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
2531	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2532	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
2533	{ $$ = $2; }
2534	;
2535
2536	variable_abstract_array:
2537	array_dimension
2538	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
2539	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2540	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension /* redundant parenthesis */
2541	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2542	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2543	{ $$ = $2; }
2544	;
2545
2546	variable_abstract_function:
2547	'(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' /* empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3) */
2548	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2549	\| '(' variable_abstract_function ')' /* redundant parenthesis */
2550	{ $$ = $2; }
2551	;
2552
2553	/* This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either
2554	an identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter
2555	list. */
2556
2557	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: /* CFA */
2558	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
2559	\| new_abstract_tuple
2560	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
2561	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2562	;
2563
2564	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: /* CFA */
2565	new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2566	\| new_identifier_parameter_array
2567	;
2568
2569	new_identifier_parameter_ptr: /* CFA */
2570	'*' type_specifier
2571	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2572	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
2573	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2574	\| '*' new_abstract_function
2575	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2576	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
2577	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2578	\| '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
2579	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2580	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
2581	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2582	;
2583
2584	new_identifier_parameter_array: /* CFA */
2585	/* Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored
2586	out due to shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type. */
2587	'[' push pop ']' type_specifier
2588	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2589	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
2590	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2591	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2592	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2593	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2594	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2595	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2596	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2597	\| '[' push pop ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2598	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2599	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2600	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2601	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2602	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2603	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2604	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2605	\| multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2606	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2607	;
2608
2609	new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
2610	'[' push type_qualifier_list '' pop ']' / remaining C99 */
2611	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
2612	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2613	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
2614	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2615	/* declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
2616	assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a
2617	type_qualifier cannot appear in this context. */
2618	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
2619	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2620	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
2621	;
2622
2623	/* This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is
2624	no identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
2625
2626	[int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
2627	[int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
2628
2629	These rules need LR(3):
2630
2631	new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name
2632	'[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_typedef_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
2633
2634	since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
2635
2636	[int, int] t;
2637	[int, int] f( int );
2638
2639	Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_typedef_name to know when to reduce
2640	new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow
2641	the necessary lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and
2642	tuple declarations are duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier. */
2643
2644	new_abstract_declarator_tuple: /* CFA */
2645	new_abstract_tuple
2646	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
2647	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2648	\| new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
2649	;
2650
2651	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: /* CFA */
2652	new_abstract_ptr
2653	\| new_abstract_array
2654	;
2655
2656	new_abstract_ptr: /* CFA */
2657	'*' type_specifier
2658	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2659	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
2660	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2661	\| '*' new_abstract_function
2662	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2663	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
2664	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2665	\| '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
2666	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2667	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
2668	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2669	;
2670
2671	new_abstract_array: /* CFA */
2672	/* Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
2673	shift/reduce conflict with empty (void) function return type. */
2674	'[' push pop ']' type_specifier
2675	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2676	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2677	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2678	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2679	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2680	\| '[' push pop ']' new_abstract_ptr
2681	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2682	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
2683	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2684	\| multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
2685	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2686	;
2687
2688	new_abstract_tuple: /* CFA */
2689	'[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
2690	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
2691	;
2692
2693	new_abstract_function: /* CFA */
2694	'[' push pop ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
2695	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0 ); }
2696	\| new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2697	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
2698	\| new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2699	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
2700	;
2701
2702	/* 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration
2703	specifiers in each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and
2704	type name."
2705
2706	2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the
2707	beginning of the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
2708
2709	3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
2710	prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
2711
2712	4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter
2713	identifier and declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is
2714	an obsolescent feature." */
2715
2716	/*********************** MISCELLANEOUS ******************************/
2717
2718	comma_opt: /* redundant comma */
2719	/* empty */
2720	\| ','
2721	;
2722
2723	assignment_opt:
2724	/* empty */
2725	{ $$ = 0; }
2726	\| '=' assignment_expression
2727	{ $$ = $2; }
2728	;
2729
2730	%%
2731	/* ----end of grammar----*/
2732
2733	void yyerror( char *string ) {
2734	using std::cout;
2735	using std::endl;
2736	cout << "Error ";
2737	if ( yyfilename ) {
2738	cout << "in file " << yyfilename << " ";
2739	}
2740	cout << "at line " << yylineno << " reading token \"" << *(yylval.tok.str) << "\"" << endl;
2741	}
2742
2743	/* Local Variables: */
2744	/* fill-column: 110 */
2745	/* compile-command: "make install" */
2746	/* End: */

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