source: src/ResolvExpr/Unify.cc @ 34dcc474

//
// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
//
// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
//
// Unify.cc --
//
// Author           : Richard C. Bilson
// Created On       : Sun May 17 12:27:10 2015
// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
// Last Modified On : Thu Mar 16 16:22:54 2017
// Update Count     : 42
//

#include <cassert>                // for assertf, assert
#include <iterator>               // for back_insert_iterator, back_inserter
#include <map>                    // for _Rb_tree_const_iterator, _Rb_tree_i...
#include <set>                    // for set
#include <string>                 // for string, operator==, operator!=, bas...
#include <utility>                // for pair

#include "Common/PassVisitor.h"   // for PassVisitor
#include "FindOpenVars.h"         // for findOpenVars
#include "Parser/LinkageSpec.h"   // for C
#include "SynTree/Constant.h"     // for Constant
#include "SynTree/Declaration.h"  // for TypeDecl, TypeDecl::Data, Declarati...
#include "SynTree/Expression.h"   // for TypeExpr, Expression, ConstantExpr
#include "SynTree/Mutator.h"      // for Mutator
#include "SynTree/Type.h"         // for Type, TypeInstType, FunctionType
#include "SynTree/Visitor.h"      // for Visitor
#include "Tuples/Tuples.h"        // for isTtype
#include "TypeEnvironment.h"      // for EqvClass, AssertionSet, OpenVarSet
#include "Unify.h"
#include "typeops.h"              // for flatten, occurs, commonType

namespace SymTab {
class Indexer;
}  // namespace SymTab

// #define DEBUG

namespace ResolvExpr {

        struct Unify : public WithShortCircuiting {
                Unify( Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, WidenMode widenMode, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer );

                bool get_result() const { return result; }

                void previsit( BaseSyntaxNode * ) { visit_children = false; }

                void postvisit( VoidType * voidType );
                void postvisit( BasicType * basicType );
                void postvisit( PointerType * pointerType );
                void postvisit( ArrayType * arrayType );
                void postvisit( ReferenceType * refType );
                void postvisit( FunctionType * functionType );
                void postvisit( StructInstType * aggregateUseType );
                void postvisit( UnionInstType * aggregateUseType );
                void postvisit( EnumInstType * aggregateUseType );
                void postvisit( TraitInstType * aggregateUseType );
                void postvisit( TypeInstType * aggregateUseType );
                void postvisit( TupleType * tupleType );
                void postvisit( VarArgsType * varArgsType );
                void postvisit( ZeroType * zeroType );
                void postvisit( OneType * oneType );

          private:
                template< typename RefType > void handleRefType( RefType *inst, Type *other );
                template< typename RefType > void handleGenericRefType( RefType *inst, Type *other );

                bool result;
                Type *type2;                            // inherited
                TypeEnvironment &env;
                AssertionSet &needAssertions;
                AssertionSet &haveAssertions;
                const OpenVarSet &openVars;
                WidenMode widenMode;
                const SymTab::Indexer &indexer;
        };

        /// Attempts an inexact unification of type1 and type2.
        /// Returns false if no such unification; if the types can be unified, sets common (unless they unify exactly and have identical type qualifiers)
        bool unifyInexact( Type *type1, Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, WidenMode widenMode, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer, Type *&common );
        bool unifyExact( Type *type1, Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, WidenMode widenMode, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer );

        bool typesCompatible( Type *first, Type *second, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer, const TypeEnvironment &env ) {
                TypeEnvironment newEnv;
                OpenVarSet openVars, closedVars; // added closedVars
                AssertionSet needAssertions, haveAssertions;
                Type *newFirst = first->clone(), *newSecond = second->clone();
                env.apply( newFirst );
                env.apply( newSecond );

                // do we need to do this? Seems like we do, types should be able to be compatible if they
                // have free variables that can unify
                findOpenVars( newFirst, openVars, closedVars, needAssertions, haveAssertions, false );
                findOpenVars( newSecond, openVars, closedVars, needAssertions, haveAssertions, true );

                return unifyExact( newFirst, newSecond, newEnv, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
        }

        bool typesCompatibleIgnoreQualifiers( Type *first, Type *second, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer, const TypeEnvironment &env ) {
                TypeEnvironment newEnv;
                OpenVarSet openVars;
                AssertionSet needAssertions, haveAssertions;
                Type *newFirst = first->clone(), *newSecond = second->clone();
                env.apply( newFirst );
                env.apply( newSecond );
                newFirst->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers();
                newSecond->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers();
///   std::cerr << "first is ";
///   first->print( std::cerr );
///   std::cerr << std::endl << "second is ";
///   second->print( std::cerr );
///   std::cerr << std::endl << "newFirst is ";
///   newFirst->print( std::cerr );
///   std::cerr << std::endl << "newSecond is ";
///   newSecond->print( std::cerr );
///   std::cerr << std::endl;
                return unifyExact( newFirst, newSecond, newEnv, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
        }

        bool isFtype( Type *type ) {
                if ( dynamic_cast< FunctionType* >( type ) ) {
                        return true;
                } else if ( TypeInstType *typeInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( type ) ) {
                        return typeInst->get_isFtype();
                } // if
                return false;
        }

        bool tyVarCompatible( const TypeDecl::Data & data, Type *type ) {
                switch ( data.kind ) {
                  case TypeDecl::Dtype:
                        // to bind to an object type variable, the type must not be a function type.
                        // if the type variable is specified to be a complete type then the incoming
                        // type must also be complete
                        // xxx - should this also check that type is not a tuple type and that it's not a ttype?
                        return ! isFtype( type ) && (! data.isComplete || type->isComplete() );
                  case TypeDecl::Ftype:
                        return isFtype( type );
                  case TypeDecl::Ttype:
                        // ttype unifies with any tuple type
                        return dynamic_cast< TupleType * >( type ) || Tuples::isTtype( type );
                } // switch
                return false;
        }

        bool bindVar( TypeInstType *typeInst, Type *other, const TypeDecl::Data & data, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, WidenMode widenMode, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer ) {
                // remove references from other, so that type variables can only bind to value types
                other = other->stripReferences();
                OpenVarSet::const_iterator tyvar = openVars.find( typeInst->get_name() );
                assert( tyvar != openVars.end() );
                if ( ! tyVarCompatible( tyvar->second, other ) ) {
                        return false;
                } // if
                if ( occurs( other, typeInst->get_name(), env ) ) {
                        return false;
                } // if
                EqvClass curClass;
                if ( env.lookup( typeInst->get_name(), curClass ) ) {
                        if ( curClass.type ) {
                                Type *common = 0;
                                // attempt to unify equivalence class type (which has qualifiers stripped, so they must be restored) with the type to bind to
                                Type* newType = curClass.type->clone();
                                newType->get_qualifiers() = typeInst->get_qualifiers();
                                if ( unifyInexact( newType, other, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, widenMode & WidenMode( curClass.allowWidening, true ), indexer, common ) ) {
                                        if ( common ) {
                                                common->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers();
                                                curClass.type = common;
                                                env.add( curClass );
                                        } // if
                                        return true;
                                } else {
                                        return false;
                                } // if
                        } else {
                                curClass.type = other->clone();
                                curClass.type->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers();
                                curClass.allowWidening = widenMode.widenFirst && widenMode.widenSecond;
                                env.add( curClass );
                        } // if
                } else {
                        EqvClass newClass;
                        newClass.vars.insert( typeInst->get_name() );
                        newClass.type = other->clone();
                        newClass.type->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers();
                        newClass.allowWidening = widenMode.widenFirst && widenMode.widenSecond;
                        newClass.data = data;
                        env.add( newClass );
                } // if
                return true;
        }

        bool bindVarToVar( TypeInstType *var1, TypeInstType *var2, const TypeDecl::Data & data, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, WidenMode widenMode, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer ) {
                bool result = true;
                EqvClass class1, class2;
                bool hasClass1 = false, hasClass2 = false;
                bool widen1 = false, widen2 = false;
                Type *type1 = 0, *type2 = 0;

                if ( env.lookup( var1->get_name(), class1 ) ) {
                        hasClass1 = true;
                        if ( class1.type ) {
                                if ( occurs( class1.type, var2->get_name(), env ) ) {
                                        return false;
                                } // if
                                type1 = class1.type->clone();
                        } // if
                        widen1 = widenMode.widenFirst && class1.allowWidening;
                } // if
                if ( env.lookup( var2->get_name(), class2 ) ) {
                        hasClass2 = true;
                        if ( class2.type ) {
                                if ( occurs( class2.type, var1->get_name(), env ) ) {
                                        return false;
                                } // if
                                type2 = class2.type->clone();
                        } // if
                        widen2 = widenMode.widenSecond && class2.allowWidening;
                } // if

                if ( type1 && type2 ) {
//    std::cerr << "has type1 && type2" << std::endl;
                        WidenMode newWidenMode ( widen1, widen2 );
                        Type *common = 0;
                        if ( unifyInexact( type1, type2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, newWidenMode, indexer, common ) ) {
                                class1.vars.insert( class2.vars.begin(), class2.vars.end() );
                                class1.allowWidening = widen1 && widen2;
                                if ( common ) {
                                        common->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers();
                                        class1.type = common;
                                } // if
                                env.add( class1 );
                        } else {
                                result = false;
                        } // if
                } else if ( hasClass1 && hasClass2 ) {
                        if ( type1 ) {
                                class1.vars.insert( class2.vars.begin(), class2.vars.end() );
                                class1.allowWidening = widen1;
                                env.add( class1 );
                        } else {
                                class2.vars.insert( class1.vars.begin(), class1.vars.end() );
                                class2.allowWidening = widen2;
                                env.add( class2 );
                        } // if
                } else if ( hasClass1 ) {
                        class1.vars.insert( var2->get_name() );
                        class1.allowWidening = widen1;
                        env.add( class1 );
                } else if ( hasClass2 ) {
                        class2.vars.insert( var1->get_name() );
                        class2.allowWidening = widen2;
                        env.add( class2 );
                } else {
                        EqvClass newClass;
                        newClass.vars.insert( var1->get_name() );
                        newClass.vars.insert( var2->get_name() );
                        newClass.allowWidening = widen1 && widen2;
                        newClass.data = data;
                        env.add( newClass );
                } // if
                return result;
        }

        bool unify( Type *type1, Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, OpenVarSet &openVars, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer ) {
                OpenVarSet closedVars;
                findOpenVars( type1, openVars, closedVars, needAssertions, haveAssertions, false );
                findOpenVars( type2, openVars, closedVars, needAssertions, haveAssertions, true );
                Type *commonType = 0;
                return unifyInexact( type1, type2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( true, true ), indexer, commonType );
        }

        bool unify( Type *type1, Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, OpenVarSet &openVars, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer, Type *&commonType ) {
                OpenVarSet closedVars;
                findOpenVars( type1, openVars, closedVars, needAssertions, haveAssertions, false );
                findOpenVars( type2, openVars, closedVars, needAssertions, haveAssertions, true );
                return unifyInexact( type1, type2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( true, true ), indexer, commonType );
        }

        bool unifyExact( Type *type1, Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, WidenMode widenMode, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer ) {
#ifdef DEBUG
                TypeEnvironment debugEnv( env );
#endif
                if ( type1->get_qualifiers() != type2->get_qualifiers() ) {
                        return false;
                }

                bool result;
                TypeInstType *var1 = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( type1 );
                TypeInstType *var2 = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( type2 );
                OpenVarSet::const_iterator entry1, entry2;
                if ( var1 ) {
                        entry1 = openVars.find( var1->get_name() );
                } // if
                if ( var2 ) {
                        entry2 = openVars.find( var2->get_name() );
                } // if
                bool isopen1 = var1 && ( entry1 != openVars.end() );
                bool isopen2 = var2 && ( entry2 != openVars.end() );

                if ( isopen1 && isopen2 && entry1->second == entry2->second ) {
                        result = bindVarToVar( var1, var2, entry1->second, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, widenMode, indexer );
                } else if ( isopen1 ) {
                        result = bindVar( var1, type2, entry1->second, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, widenMode, indexer );
                } else if ( isopen2 ) {
                        result = bindVar( var2, type1, entry2->second, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, widenMode, indexer );
                } else {
                        PassVisitor<Unify> comparator( type2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, widenMode, indexer );
                        type1->accept( comparator );
                        result = comparator.pass.get_result();
                } // if
#ifdef DEBUG
                std::cerr << "============ unifyExact" << std::endl;
                std::cerr << "type1 is ";
                type1->print( std::cerr );
                std::cerr << std::endl << "type2 is ";
                type2->print( std::cerr );
                std::cerr << std::endl << "openVars are ";
                printOpenVarSet( openVars, std::cerr, 8 );
                std::cerr << std::endl << "input env is " << std::endl;
                debugEnv.print( std::cerr, 8 );
                std::cerr << std::endl << "result env is " << std::endl;
                env.print( std::cerr, 8 );
                std::cerr << "result is " << result << std::endl;
#endif
                return result;
        }

        bool unifyExact( Type *type1, Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, OpenVarSet &openVars, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer ) {
                return unifyExact( type1, type2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
        }

        bool unifyInexact( Type *type1, Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, WidenMode widenMode, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer, Type *&common ) {
                Type::Qualifiers tq1 = type1->get_qualifiers(), tq2 = type2->get_qualifiers();
                type1->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers();
                type2->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers();
                bool result;
#ifdef DEBUG
                std::cerr << "unifyInexact type 1 is ";
                type1->print( std::cerr );
                std::cerr << " type 2 is ";
                type2->print( std::cerr );
                std::cerr << std::endl;
#endif
                if ( ! unifyExact( type1, type2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, widenMode, indexer ) ) {
#ifdef DEBUG
                        std::cerr << "unifyInexact: no exact unification found" << std::endl;
#endif
                        if ( ( common = commonType( type1, type2, widenMode.widenFirst, widenMode.widenSecond, indexer, env, openVars ) ) ) {
                                common->get_qualifiers() = tq1 | tq2;
#ifdef DEBUG
                                std::cerr << "unifyInexact: common type is ";
                                common->print( std::cerr );
                                std::cerr << std::endl;
#endif
                                result = true;
                        } else {
#ifdef DEBUG
                                std::cerr << "unifyInexact: no common type found" << std::endl;
#endif
                                result = false;
                        } // if
                } else {
                        if ( tq1 != tq2 ) {
                                if ( ( tq1 > tq2 || widenMode.widenFirst ) && ( tq2 > tq1 || widenMode.widenSecond ) ) {
                                        common = type1->clone();
                                        common->get_qualifiers() = tq1 | tq2;
                                        result = true;
                                } else {
                                        result = false;
                                } // if
                        } else {
                                common = type1->clone();
                                common->get_qualifiers() = tq1 | tq2;
                                result = true;
                        } // if
                } // if
                type1->get_qualifiers() = tq1;
                type2->get_qualifiers() = tq2;
                return result;
        }

        Unify::Unify( Type *type2, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, WidenMode widenMode, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer )
                : result( false ), type2( type2 ), env( env ), needAssertions( needAssertions ), haveAssertions( haveAssertions ), openVars( openVars ), widenMode( widenMode ), indexer( indexer ) {
        }

        void Unify::postvisit( __attribute__((unused)) VoidType *voidType) {
                result = dynamic_cast< VoidType* >( type2 );
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(BasicType *basicType) {
                if ( BasicType *otherBasic = dynamic_cast< BasicType* >( type2 ) ) {
                        result = basicType->get_kind() == otherBasic->get_kind();
                } // if
        }

        void markAssertionSet( AssertionSet &assertions, DeclarationWithType *assert ) {
///   std::cerr << "assertion set is" << std::endl;
///   printAssertionSet( assertions, std::cerr, 8 );
///   std::cerr << "looking for ";
///   assert->print( std::cerr );
///   std::cerr << std::endl;
                AssertionSet::iterator i = assertions.find( assert );
                if ( i != assertions.end() ) {
///     std::cerr << "found it!" << std::endl;
                        i->second.isUsed = true;
                } // if
        }

        void markAssertions( AssertionSet &assertion1, AssertionSet &assertion2, Type *type ) {
                for ( std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator tyvar = type->get_forall().begin(); tyvar != type->get_forall().end(); ++tyvar ) {
                        for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType* >::const_iterator assert = (*tyvar)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyvar)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
                                markAssertionSet( assertion1, *assert );
                                markAssertionSet( assertion2, *assert );
                        } // for
                } // for
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(PointerType *pointerType) {
                if ( PointerType *otherPointer = dynamic_cast< PointerType* >( type2 ) ) {
                        result = unifyExact( pointerType->get_base(), otherPointer->get_base(), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        markAssertions( haveAssertions, needAssertions, pointerType );
                        markAssertions( haveAssertions, needAssertions, otherPointer );
                } // if
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(ReferenceType *refType) {
                if ( ReferenceType *otherRef = dynamic_cast< ReferenceType* >( type2 ) ) {
                        result = unifyExact( refType->get_base(), otherRef->get_base(), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        markAssertions( haveAssertions, needAssertions, refType );
                        markAssertions( haveAssertions, needAssertions, otherRef );
                } // if
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(ArrayType *arrayType) {
                ArrayType *otherArray = dynamic_cast< ArrayType* >( type2 );
                // to unify, array types must both be VLA or both not VLA
                // and must both have a dimension expression or not have a dimension
                if ( otherArray && arrayType->get_isVarLen() == otherArray->get_isVarLen() ) {

                        if ( ! arrayType->get_isVarLen() && ! otherArray->get_isVarLen() &&
                                arrayType->get_dimension() != 0 && otherArray->get_dimension() != 0 ) {
                                ConstantExpr * ce1 = dynamic_cast< ConstantExpr * >( arrayType->get_dimension() );
                                ConstantExpr * ce2 = dynamic_cast< ConstantExpr * >( otherArray->get_dimension() );
                                // see C11 Reference Manual 6.7.6.2.6
                                // two array types with size specifiers that are integer constant expressions are
                                // compatible if both size specifiers have the same constant value
                                if ( ce1 && ce2 ) {
                                        Constant * c1 = ce1->get_constant();
                                        Constant * c2 = ce2->get_constant();

                                        if ( c1->get_value() != c2->get_value() ) {
                                                // does not unify if the dimension is different
                                                return;
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        result = unifyExact( arrayType->get_base(), otherArray->get_base(), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                } // if
        }

        template< typename Iterator, typename Func >
        Type* combineTypes( Iterator begin, Iterator end, Func & toType ) {
                std::list< Type * > types;
                for ( ; begin != end; ++begin ) {
                        // it's guaranteed that a ttype variable will be bound to a flat tuple, so ensure that this results in a flat tuple
                        flatten( toType( *begin ), back_inserter( types ) );
                }
                return new TupleType{ Type::Qualifiers(), types };
        }

        template< typename Iterator1, typename Iterator2 >
        bool unifyDeclList( Iterator1 list1Begin, Iterator1 list1End, Iterator2 list2Begin, Iterator2 list2End, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer ) {
                auto get_type = [](DeclarationWithType * dwt){ return dwt->get_type(); };
                for ( ; list1Begin != list1End && list2Begin != list2End; ++list1Begin, ++list2Begin ) {
                        Type * t1 = (*list1Begin)->get_type();
                        Type * t2 = (*list2Begin)->get_type();
                        bool isTtype1 = Tuples::isTtype( t1 );
                        bool isTtype2 = Tuples::isTtype( t2 );
                        // xxx - assumes ttype must be last parameter
                        // xxx - there may be a nice way to refactor this, but be careful because the argument positioning might matter in some cases.
                        if ( isTtype1 && ! isTtype2 ) {
                                // combine all of the things in list2, then unify
                                return unifyExact( t1, combineTypes( list2Begin, list2End, get_type ), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        } else if ( isTtype2 && ! isTtype1 ) {
                                // combine all of the things in list1, then unify
                                return unifyExact( combineTypes( list1Begin, list1End, get_type ), t2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        } else if ( ! unifyExact( t1, t2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer ) ) {
                                return false;
                        } // if
                } // for
                // may get to the end of one argument list before the end of the other. This is only okay when the other is a ttype
                if ( list1Begin != list1End ) {
                        // try unifying empty tuple type with ttype
                        Type * t1 = (*list1Begin)->get_type();
                        if ( Tuples::isTtype( t1 ) ) {
                                return unifyExact( t1, combineTypes( list2Begin, list2End, get_type ), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        } else return false;
                } else if ( list2Begin != list2End ) {
                        // try unifying empty tuple type with ttype
                        Type * t2 = (*list2Begin)->get_type();
                        if ( Tuples::isTtype( t2 ) ) {
                                return unifyExact( combineTypes( list1Begin, list1End, get_type ), t2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        } else return false;
                } else {
                        return true;
                } // if
        }

        /// Finds ttypes and replaces them with their expansion, if known.
        /// This needs to be done so that satisfying ttype assertions is easier.
        /// If this isn't done then argument lists can have wildly different
        /// size and structure, when they should be compatible.
        struct TtypeExpander : public WithShortCircuiting {
                TypeEnvironment & tenv;
                TtypeExpander( TypeEnvironment & tenv ) : tenv( tenv ) {}
                void premutate( TypeInstType * ) { visit_children = false; }
                Type * postmutate( TypeInstType * typeInst ) {
                        EqvClass eqvClass;
                        if ( tenv.lookup( typeInst->get_name(), eqvClass ) ) {
                                if ( eqvClass.data.kind == TypeDecl::Ttype ) {
                                        // expand ttype parameter into its actual type
                                        if ( eqvClass.type ) {
                                                return eqvClass.type->clone();
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        return typeInst;
                }
        };

        /// flattens a list of declarations, so that each tuple type has a single declaration.
        /// makes use of TtypeExpander to ensure ttypes are flat as well.
        void flattenList( std::list< DeclarationWithType * > src, std::list< DeclarationWithType * > & dst, TypeEnvironment & env ) {
                dst.clear();
                for ( DeclarationWithType * dcl : src ) {
                        PassVisitor<TtypeExpander> expander( env );
                        dcl->acceptMutator( expander );
                        std::list< Type * > types;
                        flatten( dcl->get_type(), back_inserter( types ) );
                        for ( Type * t : types ) {
                                // outermost const, volatile, _Atomic qualifiers in parameters should not play a role in the unification of function types, since they do not determine whether a function is callable.
                                // Note: MUST consider at least mutex qualifier, since functions can be overloaded on outermost mutex and a mutex function has different requirements than a non-mutex function.
                                t->get_qualifiers() -= Type::Qualifiers(Type::Const | Type::Volatile | Type::Atomic);

                                dst.push_back( new ObjectDecl( "", Type::StorageClasses(), LinkageSpec::C, nullptr, t, nullptr ) );
                        }
                }
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(FunctionType *functionType) {
                FunctionType *otherFunction = dynamic_cast< FunctionType* >( type2 );
                if ( otherFunction && functionType->get_isVarArgs() == otherFunction->get_isVarArgs() ) {
                        // flatten the parameter lists for both functions so that tuple structure
                        // doesn't affect unification. Must be a clone so that the types don't change.
                        FunctionType* flatFunc = functionType->clone();
                        FunctionType* flatOther = otherFunction->clone();
                        flattenList( flatFunc->get_parameters(), flatFunc->get_parameters(), env );
                        flattenList( flatOther->get_parameters(), flatOther->get_parameters(), env );

                        // sizes don't have to match if ttypes are involved; need to be more precise wrt where the ttype is to prevent errors
                        if ( (flatFunc->parameters.size() == flatOther->parameters.size() && flatFunc->returnVals.size() == flatOther->returnVals.size()) || flatFunc->isTtype() || flatOther->isTtype() ) {
                                if ( unifyDeclList( flatFunc->parameters.begin(), flatFunc->parameters.end(), flatOther->parameters.begin(), flatOther->parameters.end(), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, indexer ) ) {
                                        if ( unifyDeclList( flatFunc->returnVals.begin(), flatFunc->returnVals.end(), flatOther->returnVals.begin(), flatOther->returnVals.end(), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, indexer ) ) {

                                                // the original types must be used in mark assertions, since pointer comparisons are used
                                                markAssertions( haveAssertions, needAssertions, functionType );
                                                markAssertions( haveAssertions, needAssertions, otherFunction );

                                                result = true;
                                        } // if
                                } // if
                        } // if
                } // if
        }

        template< typename RefType >
        void Unify::handleRefType( RefType *inst, Type *other ) {
                // check that other type is compatible and named the same
                RefType *otherStruct = dynamic_cast< RefType* >( other );
                result = otherStruct && inst->name == otherStruct->name;
        }

        template< typename RefType >
        void Unify::handleGenericRefType( RefType *inst, Type *other ) {
                // Check that other type is compatible and named the same
                handleRefType( inst, other );
                if ( ! result ) return;
                // Check that parameters of types unify, if any
                std::list< Expression* > params = inst->parameters;
                std::list< Expression* > otherParams = ((RefType*)other)->parameters;

                std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator it = params.begin(), jt = otherParams.begin();
                for ( ; it != params.end() && jt != otherParams.end(); ++it, ++jt ) {
                        TypeExpr *param = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr* >(*it);
                        assertf(param, "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");
                        TypeExpr *otherParam = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr* >(*jt);
                        assertf(otherParam, "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");

                        Type* paramTy = param->get_type();
                        Type* otherParamTy = otherParam->get_type();

                        bool tupleParam = Tuples::isTtype( paramTy );
                        bool otherTupleParam = Tuples::isTtype( otherParamTy );

                        if ( tupleParam && otherTupleParam ) {
                                ++it; ++jt;  // skip ttype parameters for break
                        } else if ( tupleParam ) {
                                // bundle other parameters into tuple to match
                                std::list< Type * > binderTypes;

                                do {
                                        binderTypes.push_back( otherParam->get_type()->clone() );
                                        ++jt;

                                        if ( jt == otherParams.end() ) break;

                                        otherParam = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr* >(*jt);
                                        assertf(otherParam, "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");
                                } while (true);

                                otherParamTy = new TupleType{ paramTy->get_qualifiers(), binderTypes };
                                ++it;  // skip ttype parameter for break
                        } else if ( otherTupleParam ) {
                                // bundle parameters into tuple to match other
                                std::list< Type * > binderTypes;

                                do {
                                        binderTypes.push_back( param->get_type()->clone() );
                                        ++it;

                                        if ( it == params.end() ) break;

                                        param = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr* >(*it);
                                        assertf(param, "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");
                                } while (true);

                                paramTy = new TupleType{ otherParamTy->get_qualifiers(), binderTypes };
                                ++jt;  // skip ttype parameter for break
                        }

                        if ( ! unifyExact( paramTy, otherParamTy, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode(false, false), indexer ) ) {
                                result = false;
                                return;
                        }

                        // ttype parameter should be last
                        if ( tupleParam || otherTupleParam ) break;
                }
                result = ( it == params.end() && jt == otherParams.end() );
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(StructInstType *structInst) {
                handleGenericRefType( structInst, type2 );
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(UnionInstType *unionInst) {
                handleGenericRefType( unionInst, type2 );
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(EnumInstType *enumInst) {
                handleRefType( enumInst, type2 );
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(TraitInstType *contextInst) {
                handleRefType( contextInst, type2 );
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(TypeInstType *typeInst) {
                assert( openVars.find( typeInst->get_name() ) == openVars.end() );
                TypeInstType *otherInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( type2 );
                if ( otherInst && typeInst->get_name() == otherInst->get_name() ) {
                        result = true;
///   } else {
///     NamedTypeDecl *nt = indexer.lookupType( typeInst->get_name() );
///     if ( nt ) {
///       TypeDecl *type = dynamic_cast< TypeDecl* >( nt );
///       assert( type );
///       if ( type->get_base() ) {
///         result = unifyExact( type->get_base(), typeInst, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
///       }
///     }
                } // if
        }

        template< typename Iterator1, typename Iterator2 >
        bool unifyList( Iterator1 list1Begin, Iterator1 list1End, Iterator2 list2Begin, Iterator2 list2End, TypeEnvironment &env, AssertionSet &needAssertions, AssertionSet &haveAssertions, const OpenVarSet &openVars, const SymTab::Indexer &indexer ) {
                auto get_type = [](Type * t) { return t; };
                for ( ; list1Begin != list1End && list2Begin != list2End; ++list1Begin, ++list2Begin ) {
                        Type * t1 = *list1Begin;
                        Type * t2 = *list2Begin;
                        bool isTtype1 = Tuples::isTtype( t1 );
                        bool isTtype2 = Tuples::isTtype( t2 );
                        // xxx - assumes ttype must be last parameter
                        // xxx - there may be a nice way to refactor this, but be careful because the argument positioning might matter in some cases.
                        if ( isTtype1 && ! isTtype2 ) {
                                // combine all of the things in list2, then unify
                                return unifyExact( t1, combineTypes( list2Begin, list2End, get_type ), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        } else if ( isTtype2 && ! isTtype1 ) {
                                // combine all of the things in list1, then unify
                                return unifyExact( combineTypes( list1Begin, list1End, get_type ), t2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        } else if ( ! unifyExact( t1, t2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer ) ) {
                                return false;
                        } // if

                } // for
                if ( list1Begin != list1End ) {
                        // try unifying empty tuple type with ttype
                        Type * t1 = *list1Begin;
                        if ( Tuples::isTtype( t1 ) ) {
                                return unifyExact( t1, combineTypes( list2Begin, list2End, get_type ), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        } else return false;
                } else if ( list2Begin != list2End ) {
                        // try unifying empty tuple type with ttype
                        Type * t2 = *list2Begin;
                        if ( Tuples::isTtype( t2 ) ) {
                                return unifyExact( combineTypes( list1Begin, list1End, get_type ), t2, env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, WidenMode( false, false ), indexer );
                        } else return false;
                } else {
                        return true;
                } // if
        }

        void Unify::postvisit(TupleType *tupleType) {
                if ( TupleType *otherTuple = dynamic_cast< TupleType* >( type2 ) ) {
                        TupleType* flat1 = tupleType->clone();
                        TupleType* flat2 = otherTuple->clone();
                        std::list<Type *> types1, types2;

                        PassVisitor<TtypeExpander> expander( env );
                        flat1->acceptMutator( expander );
                        flat2->acceptMutator( expander );

                        flatten( flat1, back_inserter( types1 ) );
                        flatten( flat2, back_inserter( types2 ) );

                        result = unifyList( types1.begin(), types1.end(), types2.begin(), types2.end(), env, needAssertions, haveAssertions, openVars, indexer );
                } // if
        }

        void Unify::postvisit( __attribute__((unused)) VarArgsType *varArgsType ) {
                result = dynamic_cast< VarArgsType* >( type2 );
        }

        void Unify::postvisit( __attribute__((unused)) ZeroType *zeroType ) {
                result = dynamic_cast< ZeroType* >( type2 );
        }

        void Unify::postvisit( __attribute__((unused)) OneType *oneType ) {
                result = dynamic_cast< OneType* >( type2 );
        }

        // xxx - compute once and store in the FunctionType?
        Type * extractResultType( FunctionType * function ) {
                if ( function->get_returnVals().size() == 0 ) {
                        return new VoidType( Type::Qualifiers() );
                } else if ( function->get_returnVals().size() == 1 ) {
                        return function->get_returnVals().front()->get_type()->clone();
                } else {
                        std::list< Type * > types;
                        for ( DeclarationWithType * decl : function->get_returnVals() ) {
                                types.push_back( decl->get_type()->clone() );
                        } // for
                        return new TupleType( Type::Qualifiers(), types );
                }
        }
} // namespace ResolvExpr

// Local Variables: //
// tab-width: 4 //
// mode: c++ //
// compile-command: "make install" //
// End: //