source: src/Parser/parser.yy@ 91a950c

ADT aaron-thesis arm-eh ast-experimental cleanup-dtors deferred_resn enum forall-pointer-decay jacob/cs343-translation jenkins-sandbox new-ast new-ast-unique-expr no_list persistent-indexer pthread-emulation qualifiedEnum
Last change on this file since 91a950c was 0982a05, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 7 years ago

fix 0 and 1 for new for-control

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File size: 132.1 KB
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1//
2// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
3//
4// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6//
7// parser.yy --
8//
9// Author : Peter A. Buhr
10// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
11// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12// Last Modified On : Thu Aug 30 17:02:25 2018
13// Update Count : 4029
14//
15
16// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the C
17// grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts have been
18// copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to constitute a new grammar.
19// In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it parses less incorrect language syntax
20// that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless, there are still several semantic checks
21// required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
22
23// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got stuck with
24// the grammar.
25
26// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
27//
28// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
29//
30// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar also has
31// two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
32//
33// 1. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
34// 2. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
35//
36// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for Cforall
37// (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language concepts. All of the
38// syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above, there is one unreconcileable
39// parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is discussed in detail before the "designation"
40// grammar rule.
41
42%{
43#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
44#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
45#define YYERROR_VERBOSE // more information in syntax errors
46
47#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
48
49#include <cstdio>
50#include <stack>
51using namespace std;
52
53#include "ParseNode.h"
54#include "TypedefTable.h"
55#include "TypeData.h"
56#include "LinkageSpec.h"
57#include "Common/SemanticError.h" // error_str
58#include "Common/utility.h" // for maybeMoveBuild, maybeBuild, CodeLo...
59
60extern DeclarationNode * parseTree;
61extern LinkageSpec::Spec linkage;
62extern TypedefTable typedefTable;
63
64stack< LinkageSpec::Spec > linkageStack;
65
66bool appendStr( string & to, string & from ) {
67 // 1. Multiple strings are concatenated into a single string but not combined internally. The reason is that
68 // "\x12" "3" is treated as 2 characters versus 1 because "escape sequences are converted into single members of
69 // the execution character set just prior to adjacent string literal concatenation" (C11, Section 6.4.5-8). It is
70 // easier to let the C compiler handle this case.
71 //
72 // 2. String encodings are transformed into canonical form (one encoding at start) so the encoding can be found
73 // without searching the string, e.g.: "abc" L"def" L"ghi" => L"abc" "def" "ghi". Multiple encodings must match,
74 // i.e., u"a" U"b" L"c" is disallowed.
75
76 if ( from[0] != '"' ) { // encoding ?
77 if ( to[0] != '"' ) { // encoding ?
78 if ( to[0] != from[0] || to[1] != from[1] ) { // different encodings ?
79 yyerror( "non-matching string encodings for string-literal concatenation" );
80 return false; // parse error, must call YYERROR in action
81 } else if ( from[1] == '8' ) {
82 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
83 } // if
84 } else {
85 if ( from[1] == '8' ) { // move encoding to start
86 to = "u8" + to;
87 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
88 } else {
89 to = from[0] + to;
90 } // if
91 } // if
92 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
93 } // if
94 to += " " + from; // concatenated into single string
95 return true;
96} // appendStr
97
98DeclarationNode * distAttr( DeclarationNode * specifier, DeclarationNode * declList ) {
99 // distribute declaration_specifier across all declared variables, e.g., static, const, __attribute__.
100 DeclarationNode * cur = declList, * cl = (new DeclarationNode)->addType( specifier );
101 //cur->addType( specifier );
102 for ( cur = dynamic_cast< DeclarationNode * >( cur->get_next() ); cur != nullptr; cur = dynamic_cast< DeclarationNode * >( cur->get_next() ) ) {
103 cl->cloneBaseType( cur );
104 } // for
105 declList->addType( cl );
106// delete cl;
107 return declList;
108} // distAttr
109
110void distExt( DeclarationNode * declaration ) {
111 // distribute EXTENSION across all declarations
112 for ( DeclarationNode *iter = declaration; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
113 iter->set_extension( true );
114 } // for
115} // distExt
116
117void distInl( DeclarationNode * declaration ) {
118 // distribute EXTENSION across all declarations
119 for ( DeclarationNode *iter = declaration; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
120 iter->set_inLine( true );
121 } // for
122} // distInl
123
124void distQual( DeclarationNode * declaration, DeclarationNode * qualifiers ) {
125 // distribute qualifiers across all non-variable declarations in a distribution statemement
126 for ( DeclarationNode * iter = declaration; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
127 // SKULLDUGGERY: Distributions are parsed inside out, so qualifiers are added to declarations inside out. Since
128 // addQualifiers appends to the back of the list, the forall clauses are in the wrong order (right to left). To
129 // get the qualifiers in the correct order and still use addQualifiers (otherwise, 90% of addQualifiers has to
130 // be copied to add to front), the appropriate forall pointers are interchanged before calling addQualifiers.
131 DeclarationNode * clone = qualifiers->clone();
132 if ( qualifiers->type ) { // forall clause ? (handles SC)
133 if ( iter->type->kind == TypeData::Aggregate ) { // struct/union ?
134 swap( clone->type->forall, iter->type->aggregate.params );
135 iter->addQualifiers( clone );
136 } else if ( iter->type->kind == TypeData::AggregateInst && iter->type->aggInst.aggregate->aggregate.body ) { // struct/union ?
137 // Create temporary node to hold aggregate, call addQualifiers as above, then put nodes back together.
138 DeclarationNode newnode;
139 swap( newnode.type, iter->type->aggInst.aggregate );
140 swap( clone->type->forall, newnode.type->aggregate.params );
141 newnode.addQualifiers( clone );
142 swap( newnode.type, iter->type->aggInst.aggregate );
143 } else if ( iter->type->kind == TypeData::Function ) { // routines ?
144 swap( clone->type->forall, iter->type->forall );
145 iter->addQualifiers( clone );
146 } // if
147 } else { // just SC qualifiers
148 iter->addQualifiers( clone );
149 } // if
150 } // for
151 delete qualifiers;
152} // distQual
153
154// There is an ambiguity for inline generic-routine return-types and generic routines.
155// forall( otype T ) struct S { int i; } bar( T ) {}
156// Does the forall bind to the struct or the routine, and how would it be possible to explicitly specify the binding.
157// forall( otype T ) struct S { int T; } forall( otype W ) bar( W ) {}
158// Currently, the forall is associated with the routine, and the generic type has to be separately defined:
159// forall( otype T ) struct S { int T; };
160// forall( otype W ) bar( W ) {}
161
162void rebindForall( DeclarationNode * declSpec, DeclarationNode * funcDecl ) {
163 if ( declSpec->type->kind == TypeData::Aggregate ) { // ignore aggregate definition
164 funcDecl->type->forall = declSpec->type->aggregate.params; // move forall from aggregate to function type
165 declSpec->type->aggregate.params = nullptr;
166 } // if
167} // rebindForall
168
169NameExpr * build_postfix_name( const string * name ) {
170 NameExpr * new_name = build_varref( new string( "?`" + *name ) );
171 delete name;
172 return new_name;
173} // build_postfix_name
174
175DeclarationNode * fieldDecl( DeclarationNode * typeSpec, DeclarationNode * fieldList ) {
176 if ( ! fieldList ) { // field declarator ?
177 if ( ! ( typeSpec->type && typeSpec->type->kind == TypeData::Aggregate ) ) {
178 stringstream ss;
179 typeSpec->type->print( ss );
180 SemanticWarning( yylloc, Warning::SuperfluousDecl, ss.str().c_str() );
181 return nullptr;
182 } // if
183 fieldList = DeclarationNode::newName( nullptr );
184 } // if
185 return distAttr( typeSpec, fieldList ); // mark all fields in list
186} // fieldDecl
187
188ExpressionNode *forInc( const OperKinds op ) {
189 return new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( op == OperKinds::LThan || op == OperKinds::LEThan ? "1" : "-1" ) ) );
190} // forInc
191
192ForCtrl * forCtrl( ExpressionNode * type, string * index, ExpressionNode * start, enum OperKinds compop, ExpressionNode * comp, ExpressionNode * inc ) {
193 ConstantExpr *constant = dynamic_cast<ConstantExpr *>(type->get_expr());
194 if ( constant && (constant->get_constant()->get_value() == "0" || constant->get_constant()->get_value() == "1") ) {
195 type = new ExpressionNode( new CastExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >(type), new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::SignedInt ) ) );
196 } // if
197 return new ForCtrl(
198 distAttr( DeclarationNode::newTypeof( type ), DeclarationNode::newName( index )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( start ) ) ),
199 new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( compop, new ExpressionNode( build_varref( new string( *index ) ) ), comp ) ),
200 new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::PlusAssn, new ExpressionNode( build_varref( new string( *index ) ) ), inc ) ) );
201} // forCtrl
202
203
204bool forall = false, yyy = false; // aggregate have one or more forall qualifiers ?
205
206// https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/manual/bison.html#Location-Type
207#define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Cur, Rhs, N) \
208if ( N ) { \
209 (Cur).first_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).first_line; \
210 (Cur).first_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).first_column; \
211 (Cur).last_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, N ).last_line; \
212 (Cur).last_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, N ).last_column; \
213 (Cur).filename = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).filename; \
214} else { \
215 (Cur).first_line = (Cur).last_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).last_line; \
216 (Cur).first_column = (Cur).last_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).last_column; \
217 (Cur).filename = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).filename; \
218}
219%}
220
221%define parse.error verbose
222
223// Types declaration for productions
224%union {
225 Token tok;
226 ParseNode * pn;
227 ExpressionNode * en;
228 DeclarationNode * decl;
229 DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
230 DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
231 StatementNode * sn;
232 WaitForStmt * wfs;
233 Expression * constant;
234 IfCtrl * ifctl;
235 ForCtrl * fctl;
236 enum OperKinds compop;
237 LabelNode * label;
238 InitializerNode * in;
239 OperKinds op;
240 std::string * str;
241 bool flag;
242 CatchStmt::Kind catch_kind;
243 GenericExpr * genexpr;
244}
245
246//************************* TERMINAL TOKENS ********************************
247
248// keywords
249%token TYPEDEF
250%token EXTERN STATIC AUTO REGISTER
251%token THREADLOCAL // C11
252%token INLINE FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
253%token NORETURN // C11
254%token CONST VOLATILE
255%token RESTRICT // C99
256%token ATOMIC // C11
257%token FORALL MUTEX VIRTUAL // CFA
258%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
259%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
260%token INT128 FLOAT80 FLOAT128 // GCC
261%token ZERO_T ONE_T // CFA
262%token VALIST // GCC
263%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
264%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
265%token EXCEPTION // CFA
266%token COROUTINE MONITOR THREAD // CFA
267%token OTYPE FTYPE DTYPE TTYPE TRAIT // CFA
268%token SIZEOF OFFSETOF
269%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
270%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
271%token CHOOSE DISABLE ENABLE FALLTHRU FALLTHROUGH TRY CATCH CATCHRESUME FINALLY THROW THROWRESUME AT WITH WHEN WAITFOR // CFA
272%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
273%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF GENERIC STATICASSERT // C11
274
275// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
276%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
277%token<tok> TIMEOUT WOR
278%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
279%token<tok> INTEGERconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
280%token<tok> DIRECTIVE
281// Floating point constant is broken into three kinds of tokens because of the ambiguity with tuple indexing and
282// overloading constants 0/1, e.g., x.1 is lexed as (x)(.1), where (.1) is a factional constant, but is semantically
283// converted into the tuple index (.)(1). e.g., 3.x
284%token<tok> FLOATING_DECIMALconstant FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant FLOATINGconstant
285
286// multi-character operators
287%token ARROW // ->
288%token ICR DECR // ++ --
289%token LS RS // << >>
290%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
291%token ANDAND OROR // && ||
292%token ELLIPSIS // ...
293
294%token EXPassign MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // \= *= /= %=
295%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
296%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
297%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= |=
298
299%token ErangeUpEq ErangeDown ErangeDownEq // ~= -~ -~=
300%token ATassign // @=
301
302%type<tok> identifier no_attr_identifier
303%type<tok> identifier_or_type_name no_attr_identifier_or_type_name attr_name
304%type<tok> quasi_keyword
305%type<constant> string_literal
306%type<str> string_literal_list
307
308// expressions
309%type<en> constant
310%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
311%type<op> ptrref_operator unary_operator assignment_operator
312%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
313%type<en> cast_expression exponential_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression
314%type<en> shift_expression relational_expression equality_expression
315%type<en> AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression inclusive_OR_expression
316%type<en> logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression
317%type<en> conditional_expression constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
318%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
319%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression default_initialize_opt
320%type<ifctl> if_control_expression
321%type<fctl> for_control_expression
322%type<compop> inclexcl
323%type<en> subrange
324%type<decl> asm_name_opt
325%type<en> asm_operands_opt asm_operands_list asm_operand
326%type<label> label_list
327%type<en> asm_clobbers_list_opt
328%type<flag> asm_volatile_opt
329%type<en> handler_predicate_opt
330%type<genexpr> generic_association generic_assoc_list
331
332// statements
333%type<sn> statement labeled_statement compound_statement
334%type<sn> statement_decl statement_decl_list statement_list_nodecl
335%type<sn> selection_statement if_statement
336%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list
337%type<en> case_value
338%type<sn> case_clause case_value_list case_label case_label_list
339%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement
340%type<sn> expression_statement asm_statement
341%type<sn> with_statement
342%type<en> with_clause_opt
343%type<sn> exception_statement handler_clause finally_clause
344%type<catch_kind> handler_key
345%type<sn> mutex_statement
346%type<en> when_clause when_clause_opt waitfor timeout
347%type<sn> waitfor_statement
348%type<wfs> waitfor_clause
349
350// declarations
351%type<decl> abstract_declarator abstract_ptr abstract_array abstract_function array_dimension multi_array_dimension
352%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_parameter_array abstract_parameter_function array_parameter_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension
353%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration
354
355%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
356%type<decl> aggregate_type aggregate_type_nobody
357
358%type<decl> assertion assertion_list assertion_list_opt
359
360%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
361
362%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type indirect_type
363
364%type<decl> trait_declaration trait_declaration_list trait_declaring_list trait_specifier
365
366%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
367%type<decl> declaration_specifier declaration_specifier_nobody declarator declaring_list
368
369%type<decl> elaborated_type elaborated_type_nobody
370
371%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_type enum_type_nobody
372%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
373
374%type<decl> external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
375
376%type<decl> exception_declaration
377
378%type<decl> field_declaration_list_opt field_declaration field_declaring_list_opt field_declarator field_abstract_list_opt field_abstract
379%type<en> field field_name_list field_name fraction_constants_opt
380
381%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
382
383%type<decl> identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_function
384%type<decl> identifier_list
385
386%type<decl> cfa_abstract_array cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
387%type<decl> cfa_abstract_function cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration cfa_abstract_parameter_list
388%type<decl> cfa_abstract_ptr cfa_abstract_tuple
389
390%type<decl> cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension
391
392%type<decl> cfa_trait_declaring_list cfa_declaration cfa_field_declaring_list cfa_field_abstract_list
393%type<decl> cfa_function_declaration cfa_function_return cfa_function_specifier
394
395%type<decl> cfa_identifier_parameter_array cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
396%type<decl> cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
397
398%type<decl> cfa_parameter_declaration cfa_parameter_list cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt
399
400%type<decl> cfa_typedef_declaration cfa_variable_declaration cfa_variable_specifier
401
402%type<decl> c_declaration static_assert
403%type<decl> KR_function_declarator KR_function_no_ptr KR_function_ptr KR_function_array
404%type<decl> KR_parameter_list KR_parameter_list_opt
405
406%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list_opt
407
408%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_type
409
410%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_list
411
412%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_declaration_specifier_nobody sue_type_specifier sue_type_specifier_nobody
413
414%type<tclass> type_class
415%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
416
417%type<decl> type_declaration_specifier type_type_specifier type_name typegen_name
418%type<decl> typedef typedef_declaration typedef_expression
419
420%type<decl> variable_type_redeclarator type_ptr type_array type_function
421
422%type<decl> type_parameter_redeclarator type_parameter_ptr type_parameter_array type_parameter_function
423
424%type<decl> type type_no_function
425%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list type_initializer_opt
426
427%type<en> type_parameters_opt type_list
428
429%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name forall type_qualifier_list_opt type_qualifier_list
430%type<decl> type_specifier type_specifier_nobody
431
432%type<decl> variable_declarator variable_ptr variable_array variable_function
433%type<decl> variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_ptr variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_function
434
435%type<decl> attribute_list_opt attribute_list attribute_name_list attribute attribute_name
436
437// initializers
438%type<in> initializer initializer_list_opt initializer_opt
439
440// designators
441%type<en> designator designator_list designation
442
443
444// Handle shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string is ambiguous:
445// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement . (reduce)
446// if ( C ) S1 else S2
447// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement . (shift) ELSE statement */
448// Similar issues exit with the waitfor statement.
449
450// Order of these lines matters (low-to-high precedence). THEN is left associative over WOR/TIMEOUT/ELSE, WOR is left
451// associative over TIMEOUT/ELSE, and TIMEOUT is left associative over ELSE.
452%precedence THEN // rule precedence for IF/WAITFOR statement
453%precedence WOR // token precedence for start of WOR in WAITFOR statement
454%precedence TIMEOUT // token precedence for start of TIMEOUT in WAITFOR statement
455%precedence ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF/WAITFOR statement
456
457// Handle shift/reduce conflict for generic type by shifting the '(' token. For example, this string is ambiguous:
458// forall( otype T ) struct Foo { T v; };
459// .-----. matches pointer to function returning a generic (which is impossible without a type)
460// Foo ( *fp )( int );
461// `---' matches start of TYPEGENname '('
462// must be:
463// Foo( int ) ( *fp )( int );
464// The same problem occurs here:
465// forall( otype T ) struct Foo { T v; } ( *fp )( int );
466// must be:
467// forall( otype T ) struct Foo { T v; } ( int ) ( *fp )( int );
468
469// Order of these lines matters (low-to-high precedence).
470%precedence TYPEGENname
471%precedence '}'
472%precedence '('
473
474%locations // support location tracking for error messages
475
476%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
477
478%%
479//************************* Namespace Management ********************************
480
481// The C grammar is not context free because it relies on the distinct terminal symbols "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname",
482// which are lexically identical.
483//
484// typedef int foo; // identifier foo must now be scanned as TYPEDEFname
485// foo f; // to allow it to appear in this context
486//
487// While it may be possible to write a purely context-free grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship
488// between syntactic and semantic constructs. Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the
489// scope of a declaration (for instance, those introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type
490// generators" -- parameterized types. This latter type name creates a third class of identifiers, "TYPEGENname", which
491// must be distinguished by the lexical scanner.
492//
493// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context information,
494// there is a type table (typedefTable), which holds type names and identifiers that override type names, for each named
495// scope. During parsing, semantic actions update the type table by adding new identifiers in the current scope. For
496// each context that introduces a name scope, a new level is created in the type table and that level is popped on
497// exiting the scope. Since type names can be local to a particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope.
498// This requires distinguishing between type names that are local to the current declaration scope and those that
499// persist past the end of the declaration (i.e., names defined in "typedef" or "otype" declarations).
500//
501// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" denote the opening and closing of named scopes. Every push has a matching pop in
502// the production rule. There are multiple lists of declarations, where each declaration is a named scope, so pop/push
503// around the list separator.
504//
505// int f( forall(T) T (*f1) T , forall( S ) S (*f2)( S ) );
506// push pop push pop
507
508push:
509 { typedefTable.enterScope(); }
510 ;
511
512pop:
513 { typedefTable.leaveScope(); }
514 ;
515
516//************************* CONSTANTS ********************************
517
518constant:
519 // ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type "enumeration constant".
520 INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *$1 ) ); }
521 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
522 | FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
523 | FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
524 | CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantChar( *$1 ) ); }
525 ;
526
527quasi_keyword: // CFA
528 TIMEOUT
529 | WOR
530 ;
531
532no_attr_identifier:
533 IDENTIFIER
534 | quasi_keyword
535 | '@' // CFA
536 { Token tok = { new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), yylval.tok.loc }; $$ = tok; }
537 ;
538
539identifier:
540 no_attr_identifier
541 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
542 ;
543
544string_literal:
545 string_literal_list { $$ = build_constantStr( *$1 ); }
546 ;
547
548string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
549 STRINGliteral { $$ = $1; } // conversion from tok to str
550 | string_literal_list STRINGliteral
551 {
552 if ( ! appendStr( *$1, *$2 ) ) YYERROR; // append 2nd juxtaposed string to 1st
553 delete $2; // allocated by lexer
554 $$ = $1; // conversion from tok to str
555 }
556 ;
557
558//************************* EXPRESSIONS ********************************
559
560primary_expression:
561 IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
562 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
563 | quasi_keyword
564 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
565 | tuple
566 | '(' comma_expression ')'
567 { $$ = $2; }
568 | '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
569 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new StmtExpr( dynamic_cast< CompoundStmt * >(maybeMoveBuild< Statement >($2) ) ) ); }
570 | constant '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
571 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), $1 ) ); }
572 | string_literal '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
573 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), new ExpressionNode( $1 ) ) ); }
574 | IDENTIFIER '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
575 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ) ) ); }
576 | tuple '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
577 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), $1 ) ); }
578 | '(' comma_expression ')' '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
579 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $5 ) ), $2 ) ); }
580 | type_name '.' no_attr_identifier // CFA, nested type
581 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Qualified name is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
582 | type_name '.' '[' field_name_list ']' // CFA, nested type / tuple field selector
583 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Qualified name is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
584 | GENERIC '(' assignment_expression ',' generic_assoc_list ')' // C11
585 {
586 // add the missing control expression to the GenericExpr and return it
587 $5->control = maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 );
588 $$ = new ExpressionNode( $5 );
589 }
590 ;
591
592generic_assoc_list: // C11
593 generic_association
594 | generic_assoc_list ',' generic_association
595 {
596 // steal the association node from the singleton and delete the wrapper
597 $1->associations.splice($1->associations.end(), $3->associations);
598 delete $3;
599 $$ = $1;
600 }
601 ;
602
603generic_association: // C11
604 type_no_function ':' assignment_expression
605 {
606 // create a GenericExpr wrapper with one association pair
607 $$ = new GenericExpr( nullptr, { { maybeMoveBuildType($1), maybeMoveBuild<Expression>($3) } } );
608 }
609 | DEFAULT ':' assignment_expression
610 { $$ = new GenericExpr( nullptr, { { maybeMoveBuild<Expression>($3) } } ); }
611 ;
612
613postfix_expression:
614 primary_expression
615 | postfix_expression '[' assignment_expression ']'
616 // CFA, comma_expression disallowed in this context because it results in a common user error: subscripting a
617 // matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards compatible, there seems to be
618 // little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is
619 // equivalent to the old x[i,j].
620 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Index, $1, $3 ) ); }
621 | postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA, constructor call
622 {
623 Token fn;
624 fn.str = new std::string( "?{}" ); // location undefined - use location of '{'?
625 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new ConstructorExpr( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $1 )->set_last( $3 ) ) ) );
626 }
627 | postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
628 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( $1, $3 ) ); }
629 | postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
630 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
631 | postfix_expression '.' INTEGERconstant // CFA, tuple index
632 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_constantInteger( *$3 ) ) ); }
633 | postfix_expression FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant // CFA, tuple index
634 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_field_name_FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant( *$2 ) ) ); }
635 | postfix_expression '.' '[' field_name_list ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
636 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
637 | postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
638 {
639 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, *$3 == "0" || *$3 == "1" ? build_constantInteger( *$3 ) : build_varref( $3 ) ) );
640 }
641 | postfix_expression ARROW INTEGERconstant // CFA, tuple index
642 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_constantInteger( *$3 ) ) ); }
643 | postfix_expression ARROW '[' field_name_list ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
644 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
645 | postfix_expression ICR
646 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::IncrPost, $1 ) ); }
647 | postfix_expression DECR
648 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::DecrPost, $1 ) ); }
649 | '(' type_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}' // C99, compound-literal
650 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, new InitializerNode( $5, true ) ) ); }
651 | '(' type_no_function ')' '@' '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}' // CFA, explicit C compound-literal
652 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, (new InitializerNode( $6, true ))->set_maybeConstructed( false ) ) ); }
653 | '^' primary_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA
654 {
655 Token fn;
656 fn.str = new string( "^?{}" ); // location undefined
657 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $2 )->set_last( $4 ) ) );
658 }
659 ;
660
661argument_expression_list:
662 argument_expression
663 | argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
664 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
665 ;
666
667argument_expression:
668 // empty
669 { $$ = nullptr; }
670 | '?' // CFA, default parameter
671 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Default parameter for argument is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
672 // { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "2" ) ) ); }
673 | assignment_expression
674 ;
675
676field_name_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
677 field
678 | field_name_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
679 ;
680
681field: // CFA, tuple field selector
682 field_name
683 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant field
684 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_FLOATING_DECIMALconstant( *$1 ) ), maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $2 ) ) ); }
685 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant '[' field_name_list ']'
686 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_FLOATING_DECIMALconstant( *$1 ) ), build_tuple( $3 ) ) ); }
687 | field_name '.' field
688 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 ) ) ); }
689 | field_name '.' '[' field_name_list ']'
690 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
691 | field_name ARROW field
692 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 ) ) ); }
693 | field_name ARROW '[' field_name_list ']'
694 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
695 ;
696
697field_name:
698 INTEGERconstant fraction_constants_opt
699 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_constantInteger( *$1 ), $2 ) ); }
700 | FLOATINGconstant fraction_constants_opt
701 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_field_name_FLOATINGconstant( *$1 ), $2 ) ); }
702 | no_attr_identifier fraction_constants_opt
703 {
704 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_varref( $1 ), $2 ) );
705 }
706 ;
707
708fraction_constants_opt:
709 // empty
710 { $$ = nullptr; }
711 | fraction_constants_opt FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant
712 {
713 Expression * constant = build_field_name_FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant( *$2 );
714 $$ = $1 != nullptr ? new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, constant ) ) : new ExpressionNode( constant );
715 }
716 ;
717
718unary_expression:
719 postfix_expression
720 // first location where constant/string can have operator applied: sizeof 3/sizeof "abc" still requires
721 // semantics checks, e.g., ++3, 3--, *3, &&3
722 | constant
723 | string_literal
724 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
725 | EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
726 { $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
727 // '*' ('&') is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
728 // { * X; } // dereference X
729 // { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
730 | ptrref_operator cast_expression // CFA
731 {
732 switch ( $1 ) {
733 case OperKinds::AddressOf:
734 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AddressExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) );
735 break;
736 case OperKinds::PointTo:
737 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) );
738 break;
739 case OperKinds::And:
740 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AddressExpr( new AddressExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ) );
741 break;
742 default:
743 assert( false );
744 }
745 }
746 | unary_operator cast_expression
747 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) ); }
748 | ICR unary_expression
749 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Incr, $2 ) ); }
750 | DECR unary_expression
751 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Decr, $2 ) ); }
752 | SIZEOF unary_expression
753 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new SizeofExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ); }
754 | SIZEOF '(' type_no_function ')'
755 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new SizeofExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
756 | ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
757 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AlignofExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ); }
758 | ALIGNOF '(' type_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
759 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AlignofExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
760 | OFFSETOF '(' type_no_function ',' no_attr_identifier ')'
761 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_offsetOf( $3, build_varref( $5 ) ) ); }
762 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER
763 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( (ExpressionNode *)nullptr ) ) ); }
764 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
765 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
766 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type ')'
767 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
768 ;
769
770ptrref_operator:
771 '*' { $$ = OperKinds::PointTo; }
772 | '&' { $$ = OperKinds::AddressOf; }
773 // GCC, address of label must be handled by semantic check for ref,ref,label
774 | ANDAND { $$ = OperKinds::And; }
775 ;
776
777unary_operator:
778 '+' { $$ = OperKinds::UnPlus; }
779 | '-' { $$ = OperKinds::UnMinus; }
780 | '!' { $$ = OperKinds::Neg; }
781 | '~' { $$ = OperKinds::BitNeg; }
782 ;
783
784cast_expression:
785 unary_expression
786 | '(' type_no_function ')' cast_expression
787 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
788 | '(' COROUTINE '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
789 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Coroutine, $5 ) ); }
790 | '(' THREAD '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
791 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Thread, $5 ) ); }
792 | '(' MONITOR '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
793 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Monitor, $5 ) ); }
794 // VIRTUAL cannot be opt because of look ahead issues
795 | '(' VIRTUAL ')' cast_expression // CFA
796 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new VirtualCastExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $4 ), maybeMoveBuildType( nullptr ) ) ); }
797 | '(' VIRTUAL type_no_function ')' cast_expression // CFA
798 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new VirtualCastExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $5 ), maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
799// | '(' type_no_function ')' tuple
800// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
801 ;
802
803exponential_expression:
804 cast_expression
805 | exponential_expression '\\' cast_expression
806 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Exp, $1, $3 ) ); }
807 ;
808
809multiplicative_expression:
810 exponential_expression
811 | multiplicative_expression '*' exponential_expression
812 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mul, $1, $3 ) ); }
813 | multiplicative_expression '/' exponential_expression
814 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Div, $1, $3 ) ); }
815 | multiplicative_expression '%' exponential_expression
816 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mod, $1, $3 ) ); }
817 ;
818
819additive_expression:
820 multiplicative_expression
821 | additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
822 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Plus, $1, $3 ) ); }
823 | additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
824 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Minus, $1, $3 ) ); }
825 ;
826
827shift_expression:
828 additive_expression
829 | shift_expression LS additive_expression
830 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
831 | shift_expression RS additive_expression
832 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::RShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
833 ;
834
835relational_expression:
836 shift_expression
837 | relational_expression '<' shift_expression
838 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
839 | relational_expression '>' shift_expression
840 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
841 | relational_expression LE shift_expression
842 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
843 | relational_expression GE shift_expression
844 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
845 ;
846
847equality_expression:
848 relational_expression
849 | equality_expression EQ relational_expression
850 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Eq, $1, $3 ) ); }
851 | equality_expression NE relational_expression
852 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Neq, $1, $3 ) ); }
853 ;
854
855AND_expression:
856 equality_expression
857 | AND_expression '&' equality_expression
858 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitAnd, $1, $3 ) ); }
859 ;
860
861exclusive_OR_expression:
862 AND_expression
863 | exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
864 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Xor, $1, $3 ) ); }
865 ;
866
867inclusive_OR_expression:
868 exclusive_OR_expression
869 | inclusive_OR_expression '|' exclusive_OR_expression
870 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitOr, $1, $3 ) ); }
871 ;
872
873logical_AND_expression:
874 inclusive_OR_expression
875 | logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
876 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, true ) ); }
877 ;
878
879logical_OR_expression:
880 logical_AND_expression
881 | logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
882 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, false ) ); }
883 ;
884
885conditional_expression:
886 logical_OR_expression
887 | logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
888 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
889 // FIX ME: computes $1 twice
890 | logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
891 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $1, $4 ) ); }
892 ;
893
894constant_expression:
895 conditional_expression
896 ;
897
898assignment_expression:
899 // CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
900 conditional_expression
901 | unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
902 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( $2, $1, $3 ) ); }
903 | unary_expression '=' '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}'
904 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Initializer assignment is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
905 ;
906
907assignment_expression_opt:
908 // empty
909 { $$ = nullptr; }
910 | assignment_expression
911 ;
912
913assignment_operator:
914 '=' { $$ = OperKinds::Assign; }
915 | ATassign { $$ = OperKinds::AtAssn; }
916 | EXPassign { $$ = OperKinds::ExpAssn; }
917 | MULTassign { $$ = OperKinds::MulAssn; }
918 | DIVassign { $$ = OperKinds::DivAssn; }
919 | MODassign { $$ = OperKinds::ModAssn; }
920 | PLUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::PlusAssn; }
921 | MINUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::MinusAssn; }
922 | LSassign { $$ = OperKinds::LSAssn; }
923 | RSassign { $$ = OperKinds::RSAssn; }
924 | ANDassign { $$ = OperKinds::AndAssn; }
925 | ERassign { $$ = OperKinds::ERAssn; }
926 | ORassign { $$ = OperKinds::OrAssn; }
927 ;
928
929tuple: // CFA, tuple
930 // CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce conflict with
931 // comma_expression in cfa_identifier_parameter_array and cfa_abstract_array
932// '[' ']'
933// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple() ); }
934// | '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
935// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( $3 ) ); }
936 '[' ',' tuple_expression_list ']'
937 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)(new ExpressionNode( nullptr ) )->set_last( $3 ) ) ); }
938 | '[' push assignment_expression pop ',' tuple_expression_list ']'
939 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $6 ) ) ); }
940 ;
941
942tuple_expression_list:
943 assignment_expression_opt
944 | tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
945 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
946 ;
947
948comma_expression:
949 assignment_expression
950 | comma_expression ',' assignment_expression
951 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new CommaExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
952 ;
953
954comma_expression_opt:
955 // empty
956 { $$ = nullptr; }
957 | comma_expression
958 ;
959
960//*************************** STATEMENTS *******************************
961
962statement:
963 labeled_statement
964 | compound_statement
965 | expression_statement
966 | selection_statement
967 | iteration_statement
968 | jump_statement
969 | with_statement
970 | mutex_statement
971 | waitfor_statement
972 | exception_statement
973 | enable_disable_statement
974 { SemanticError( yylloc, "enable/disable statement is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
975 | asm_statement
976 | DIRECTIVE
977 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_directive( $1 ) ); }
978 ;
979
980labeled_statement:
981 // labels cannot be identifiers 0 or 1 or ATTR_IDENTIFIER
982 identifier_or_type_name ':' attribute_list_opt statement
983 {
984 $$ = $4->add_label( $1, $3 );
985 }
986 ;
987
988compound_statement:
989 '{' '}'
990 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)0 ) ); }
991 | '{' push
992 local_label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
993 statement_decl_list // C99, intermix declarations and statements
994 pop '}'
995 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( $4 ) ); }
996 ;
997
998statement_decl_list: // C99
999 statement_decl
1000 | statement_decl_list statement_decl
1001 { if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; } }
1002 ;
1003
1004statement_decl:
1005 declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
1006 { $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
1007 | EXTENSION declaration // GCC
1008 {
1009 distExt( $2 );
1010 $$ = new StatementNode( $2 );
1011 }
1012 | function_definition
1013 { $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
1014 | EXTENSION function_definition // GCC
1015 {
1016 distExt( $2 );
1017 $$ = new StatementNode( $2 );
1018 }
1019 | statement
1020 ;
1021
1022statement_list_nodecl:
1023 statement
1024 | statement_list_nodecl statement
1025 { if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; } }
1026 ;
1027
1028expression_statement:
1029 comma_expression_opt ';'
1030 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( $1 ) ); }
1031 ;
1032
1033selection_statement:
1034 // pop causes a S/R conflict without separating the IF statement into a non-terminal even after resolving
1035 // the inherent S/R conflict with THEN/ELSE.
1036 push if_statement pop
1037 { $$ = $2; }
1038 | SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause
1039 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( true, $3, $5 ) ); }
1040 | SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt pop '}' // CFA
1041 {
1042 StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( true, $3, $8 ) );
1043 // The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include associated initialization, which is performed
1044 // *before* the transfer to the appropriate case clause by hoisting the declarations into a compound
1045 // statement around the switch. Statements after the initial declaration list can never be executed, and
1046 // therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C allows it. The change also applies to choose
1047 // statement.
1048 $$ = $7 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
1049 }
1050 | CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
1051 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( false, $3, $5 ) ); }
1052 | CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt pop '}' // CFA
1053 {
1054 StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( false, $3, $8 ) );
1055 $$ = $7 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
1056 }
1057 ;
1058
1059if_statement:
1060 IF '(' if_control_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
1061 // explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
1062 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, nullptr ) ); }
1063 | IF '(' if_control_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
1064 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, $7 ) ); }
1065 ;
1066
1067if_control_expression:
1068 comma_expression
1069 { $$ = new IfCtrl( nullptr, $1 ); }
1070 | c_declaration // no semi-colon
1071 { $$ = new IfCtrl( $1, nullptr ); }
1072 | cfa_declaration // no semi-colon
1073 { $$ = new IfCtrl( $1, nullptr ); }
1074 | declaration comma_expression // semi-colon separated
1075 { $$ = new IfCtrl( $1, $2 ); }
1076 ;
1077
1078// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a case
1079// clause allows a list of values and subranges.
1080
1081case_value: // CFA
1082 constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
1083 | constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
1084 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
1085 | subrange // CFA, subrange
1086 ;
1087
1088case_value_list: // CFA
1089 case_value { $$ = new StatementNode( build_case( $1 ) ); }
1090 // convert case list, e.g., "case 1, 3, 5:" into "case 1: case 3: case 5"
1091 | case_value_list ',' case_value { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_case( $3 ) ) ) ); }
1092 ;
1093
1094case_label: // CFA
1095 CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = $2; }
1096 | DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( build_default() ); }
1097 // A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
1098 ;
1099
1100//label_list_opt:
1101// // empty
1102// | identifier_or_type_name ':'
1103// | label_list_opt identifier_or_type_name ':'
1104// ;
1105
1106case_label_list: // CFA
1107 case_label
1108 | case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 )); }
1109 ;
1110
1111case_clause: // CFA
1112 case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
1113 ;
1114
1115switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
1116 // empty
1117 { $$ = nullptr; }
1118 | switch_clause_list
1119 ;
1120
1121switch_clause_list: // CFA
1122 case_label_list statement_list_nodecl
1123 { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
1124 | switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list_nodecl
1125 { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
1126 ;
1127
1128iteration_statement:
1129 WHILE '(' push if_control_expression ')' statement pop
1130 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $4, $6 ) ); }
1131 | WHILE '(' ')' statement // CFA => while ( 1 )
1132 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( new IfCtrl( nullptr, new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ) ), $4 ) ); }
1133 | DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
1134 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_do_while( $5, $2 ) ); }
1135 | DO statement WHILE '(' ')' ';' // CFA => do while( 1 )
1136 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_do_while( new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "1" ) ) ), $2 ) ); }
1137 | FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement pop
1138 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_for( $4, $6 ) ); }
1139 ;
1140
1141for_control_expression:
1142 comma_expression_opt // CFA
1143 {
1144 if ( ! $1 ) { // => for ( ;; )
1145 $$ = new ForCtrl( (ExpressionNode * )nullptr, (ExpressionNode * )nullptr, (ExpressionNode * )nullptr );
1146 } else {
1147 $$ = forCtrl( $1, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "0" ) ) ),
1148 OperKinds::LThan, $1->clone(), forInc( OperKinds::LThan ) );
1149 } // if
1150 }
1151 | constant_expression inclexcl constant_expression // CFA
1152 { $$ = forCtrl( $1, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), $1->clone(), $2, $3, forInc( $2 ) ); }
1153 | constant_expression inclexcl constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA
1154 { $$ = forCtrl( $1, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), $1->clone(), $2, $3, $5 ); }
1155 | comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression // CFA
1156 {
1157 if ( ! $1 ) {
1158 SemanticError( yylloc, "Missing loop index." ); $$ = nullptr;
1159 } else if ( ! $3 ) {
1160 SemanticError( yylloc, "Missing loop range." ); $$ = nullptr;
1161 } else {
1162 if ( NameExpr *identifier = dynamic_cast<NameExpr *>($1->get_expr()) ) {
1163 $$ = forCtrl( $3, new string( identifier->name ), new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "0" ) ) ),
1164 OperKinds::LThan, $3->clone(), forInc( OperKinds::LThan ) );
1165 } else {
1166 SemanticError( yylloc, "Expression disallowed. Only loop-index name allowed" ); $$ = nullptr;
1167 } // if
1168 } // if
1169 }
1170 | comma_expression_opt ';' constant_expression inclexcl constant_expression // CFA
1171 {
1172 if ( ! $1 ) {
1173 SemanticError( yylloc, "Missing loop index." ); $$ = nullptr;
1174 } else {
1175 if ( NameExpr *identifier = dynamic_cast<NameExpr *>($1->get_expr()) ) {
1176 $$ = forCtrl( $3, new string( identifier->name ), $3->clone(), $4, $5, forInc( $4 ) );
1177 } else {
1178 SemanticError( yylloc, "Expression disallowed. Only loop-index name allowed" ); $$ = nullptr;
1179 } // if
1180 } // if
1181 }
1182 | comma_expression_opt ';' constant_expression inclexcl constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA
1183 {
1184 if ( ! $1 ) {
1185 SemanticError( yylloc, "Missing loop index." ); $$ = nullptr;
1186 } else {
1187 if ( NameExpr *identifier = dynamic_cast<NameExpr *>($1->get_expr()) ) {
1188 $$ = forCtrl( $3, new string( identifier->name ), $3->clone(), $4, $5, $7 );
1189 } else {
1190 SemanticError( yylloc, "Expression disallowed. Only loop-index name allowed" ); $$ = nullptr;
1191 } // if
1192 } // if
1193 }
1194 | comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
1195 { $$ = new ForCtrl( $1, $3, $5 ); }
1196 | declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99, declaration has ';'
1197 { $$ = new ForCtrl( $1, $2, $4 ); }
1198 ;
1199
1200inclexcl:
1201 '~'
1202 { $$ = OperKinds::LThan; }
1203 | ErangeUpEq
1204 { $$ = OperKinds::LEThan; }
1205 | ErangeDown
1206 { $$ = OperKinds::GThan; }
1207 | ErangeDownEq
1208 { $$ = OperKinds::GEThan; }
1209 ;
1210
1211jump_statement:
1212 GOTO identifier_or_type_name ';'
1213 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Goto ) ); }
1214 | GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
1215 // The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto *i+3; => goto *(i+3);
1216 // whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (*i)+3;
1217 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_computedgoto( $3 ) ); }
1218 // A semantic check is required to ensure fallthru appears only in the body of a choose statement.
1219 | fall_through_name ';' // CFA
1220 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::FallThrough ) ); }
1221 | fall_through_name identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA
1222 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::FallThrough ) ); }
1223 | fall_through_name DEFAULT ';' // CFA
1224 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::FallThroughDefault ) ); }
1225 | CONTINUE ';'
1226 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
1227 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
1228 | CONTINUE identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
1229 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
1230 // the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
1231 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
1232 | BREAK ';'
1233 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
1234 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
1235 | BREAK identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
1236 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
1237 // the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
1238 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
1239 | RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
1240 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_return( $2 ) ); }
1241 | RETURN '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}'
1242 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Initializer return is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1243 | THROW assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles rethrow
1244 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
1245 | THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles reresume
1246 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_resume( $2 ) ); }
1247 | THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt AT assignment_expression ';' // handles reresume
1248 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_resume_at( $2, $4 ) ); }
1249 ;
1250
1251fall_through_name: // CFA
1252 FALLTHRU
1253 | FALLTHROUGH
1254 ;
1255
1256with_statement:
1257 WITH '(' tuple_expression_list ')' statement
1258 {
1259 $$ = new StatementNode( build_with( $3, $5 ) );
1260 }
1261 ;
1262
1263// If MUTEX becomes a general qualifier, there are shift/reduce conflicts, so change syntax to "with mutex".
1264mutex_statement:
1265 MUTEX '(' argument_expression_list ')' statement
1266 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Mutex statement is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1267 ;
1268
1269when_clause:
1270 WHEN '(' comma_expression ')' { $$ = $3; }
1271 ;
1272
1273when_clause_opt:
1274 // empty
1275 { $$ = nullptr; }
1276 | when_clause
1277 ;
1278
1279waitfor:
1280 WAITFOR '(' cast_expression ')'
1281 { $$ = $3; }
1282 | WAITFOR '(' cast_expression ',' argument_expression_list ')'
1283 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $5 ); }
1284 ;
1285
1286timeout:
1287 TIMEOUT '(' comma_expression ')' { $$ = $3; }
1288 ;
1289
1290waitfor_clause:
1291 when_clause_opt waitfor statement %prec THEN
1292 { $$ = build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1 ); }
1293 | when_clause_opt waitfor statement WOR waitfor_clause
1294 { $$ = build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1, $5 ); }
1295 | when_clause_opt timeout statement %prec THEN
1296 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( $2, $3, $1 ); }
1297 | when_clause_opt ELSE statement
1298 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( nullptr, $3, $1 ); }
1299 // "else" must be conditional after timeout or timeout is never triggered (i.e., it is meaningless)
1300 | when_clause_opt timeout statement WOR ELSE statement
1301 { SemanticError( yylloc, "else clause must be conditional after timeout or timeout never triggered." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1302 | when_clause_opt timeout statement WOR when_clause ELSE statement
1303 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( $2, $3, $1, $7, $5 ); }
1304 ;
1305
1306waitfor_statement:
1307 when_clause_opt waitfor statement %prec THEN
1308 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1 ) ); }
1309 | when_clause_opt waitfor statement WOR waitfor_clause
1310 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1, $5 ) ); }
1311 ;
1312
1313exception_statement:
1314 TRY compound_statement handler_clause
1315 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, 0 ) ); }
1316 | TRY compound_statement finally_clause
1317 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, 0, $3 ) ); }
1318 | TRY compound_statement handler_clause finally_clause
1319 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, $4 ) ); }
1320 ;
1321
1322handler_clause:
1323 handler_key '(' push exception_declaration pop handler_predicate_opt ')' compound_statement pop
1324 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $1, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
1325 | handler_clause handler_key '(' push exception_declaration pop handler_predicate_opt ')' compound_statement pop
1326 { $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $2, $5, $7, $9 ) ) ); }
1327 ;
1328
1329handler_predicate_opt:
1330 // empty
1331 { $$ = nullptr; }
1332 | ';' conditional_expression { $$ = $2; }
1333 ;
1334
1335handler_key:
1336 CATCH { $$ = CatchStmt::Terminate; }
1337 | CATCHRESUME { $$ = CatchStmt::Resume; }
1338 ;
1339
1340finally_clause:
1341 FINALLY compound_statement { $$ = new StatementNode( build_finally( $2 ) ); }
1342 ;
1343
1344exception_declaration:
1345 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
1346 type_specifier_nobody
1347 | type_specifier_nobody declarator
1348 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1349 | type_specifier_nobody variable_abstract_declarator
1350 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1351 | cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
1352 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1353 | cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
1354 ;
1355
1356enable_disable_statement:
1357 enable_disable_key identifier_list compound_statement
1358 ;
1359
1360enable_disable_key:
1361 ENABLE
1362 | DISABLE
1363 ;
1364
1365asm_statement:
1366 ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ')' ';'
1367 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $4, 0 ) ); }
1368 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
1369 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
1370 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
1371 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
1372 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ')' ';'
1373 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $4, $6, $8, $10 ) ); }
1374 | ASM asm_volatile_opt GOTO '(' string_literal ':' ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ':' label_list ')' ';'
1375 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asm( $2, $5, 0, $8, $10, $12 ) ); }
1376 ;
1377
1378asm_volatile_opt: // GCC
1379 // empty
1380 { $$ = false; }
1381 | VOLATILE
1382 { $$ = true; }
1383 ;
1384
1385asm_operands_opt: // GCC
1386 // empty
1387 { $$ = nullptr; } // use default argument
1388 | asm_operands_list
1389 ;
1390
1391asm_operands_list: // GCC
1392 asm_operand
1393 | asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
1394 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
1395 ;
1396
1397asm_operand: // GCC
1398 string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
1399 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AsmExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( (ExpressionNode *)nullptr ), $1, maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
1400 | '[' constant_expression ']' string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
1401 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AsmExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ), $4, maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $6 ) ) ); }
1402 ;
1403
1404asm_clobbers_list_opt: // GCC
1405 // empty
1406 { $$ = nullptr; } // use default argument
1407 | string_literal
1408 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
1409 | asm_clobbers_list_opt ',' string_literal
1410 // set_last returns ParseNode *
1411 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( $3 ) ); }
1412 ;
1413
1414label_list:
1415 no_attr_identifier
1416 {
1417 $$ = new LabelNode(); $$->labels.push_back( *$1 );
1418 delete $1; // allocated by lexer
1419 }
1420 | label_list ',' no_attr_identifier
1421 {
1422 $$ = $1; $1->labels.push_back( *$3 );
1423 delete $3; // allocated by lexer
1424 }
1425 ;
1426
1427//******************************* DECLARATIONS *********************************
1428
1429declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
1430 // empty
1431 { $$ = nullptr; }
1432 | declaration_list
1433 ;
1434
1435declaration_list:
1436 declaration
1437 | declaration_list declaration
1438 { $$ = $1->appendList( $2 ); }
1439 ;
1440
1441KR_parameter_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
1442 // empty
1443 { $$ = nullptr; }
1444 | KR_parameter_list
1445 ;
1446
1447KR_parameter_list:
1448 push c_declaration pop ';'
1449 { $$ = $2; }
1450 | KR_parameter_list push c_declaration pop ';'
1451 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1452 ;
1453
1454local_label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
1455 // empty
1456 | local_label_declaration_list
1457 ;
1458
1459local_label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
1460 LABEL local_label_list ';'
1461 | local_label_declaration_list LABEL local_label_list ';'
1462 ;
1463
1464local_label_list: // GCC, local label
1465 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1466 | local_label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1467 ;
1468
1469declaration: // old & new style declarations
1470 c_declaration ';'
1471 | cfa_declaration ';' // CFA
1472 | static_assert // C11
1473 ;
1474
1475static_assert:
1476 STATICASSERT '(' constant_expression ',' string_literal ')' ';' // C11
1477 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStaticAssert( $3, $5 ); }
1478 | STATICASSERT '(' constant_expression ')' ';' // CFA
1479 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStaticAssert( $3, build_constantStr( *new string( "\"\"" ) ) ); }
1480
1481// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and function
1482// declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places declaration modifiers to
1483// the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of the base type. CFA declaration
1484// modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type specification is distributed across all variables in
1485// the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program
1486// block, but cannot be mixed within a specific declaration.
1487//
1488// CFA C
1489// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
1490// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
1491
1492cfa_declaration: // CFA
1493 cfa_variable_declaration
1494 | cfa_typedef_declaration
1495 | cfa_function_declaration
1496 | type_declaring_list
1497 | trait_specifier
1498 ;
1499
1500cfa_variable_declaration: // CFA
1501 cfa_variable_specifier initializer_opt
1502 { $$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 ); }
1503 | declaration_qualifier_list cfa_variable_specifier initializer_opt
1504 // declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude
1505 // them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
1506 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ); }
1507 | cfa_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name initializer_opt
1508 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) ); }
1509 ;
1510
1511cfa_variable_specifier: // CFA
1512 // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1513 // storage-class
1514 cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1515 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 )->addAsmName( $3 ); }
1516 | cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1517 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 )->addAsmName( $3 ); }
1518 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1519 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 )->addAsmName( $4 ); }
1520 ;
1521
1522cfa_function_declaration: // CFA
1523 cfa_function_specifier
1524 | type_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1525 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1526 | declaration_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1527 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1528 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1529 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1530 | cfa_function_declaration ',' identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1531 {
1532 // Append the return type at the start (left-hand-side) to each identifier in the list.
1533 DeclarationNode * ret = new DeclarationNode;
1534 ret->type = maybeClone( $1->type->base );
1535 $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, ret, $6, nullptr ) );
1536 }
1537 ;
1538
1539cfa_function_specifier: // CFA
1540// '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')' // S/R conflict
1541// {
1542// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0, true );
1543// }
1544// '[' ']' identifier '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1545// {
1546// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
1547// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1548// }
1549// | '[' ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1550// {
1551// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
1552// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1553// }
1554// | '[' ']' typegen_name
1555 // identifier_or_type_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
1556 //
1557 // '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt ')'
1558 // '[' ']' type_specifier
1559 //
1560 // type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g., typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this must be
1561 // flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce identifier_or_type_name.
1562 cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1563 // To obtain LR(1 ), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
1564 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0 ); }
1565 | cfa_function_return identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
1566 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0 ); }
1567 ;
1568
1569cfa_function_return: // CFA
1570 '[' push cfa_parameter_list pop ']'
1571 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
1572 | '[' push cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
1573 // To obtain LR(1 ), the last cfa_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to lookahead to the ']'.
1574 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
1575 ;
1576
1577cfa_typedef_declaration: // CFA
1578 TYPEDEF cfa_variable_specifier
1579 {
1580 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2->name, TYPEDEFname, "1" );
1581 $$ = $2->addTypedef();
1582 }
1583 | TYPEDEF cfa_function_specifier
1584 {
1585 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2->name, TYPEDEFname, "2" );
1586 $$ = $2->addTypedef();
1587 }
1588 | cfa_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
1589 {
1590 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TYPEDEFname, "3" );
1591 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1592 }
1593 ;
1594
1595// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is factored out as
1596// a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and initialization.
1597
1598typedef_declaration:
1599 TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
1600 {
1601 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$3->name, TYPEDEFname, "4" );
1602 $$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
1603 }
1604 | typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
1605 {
1606 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5->name, TYPEDEFname, "5" );
1607 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
1608 }
1609 | type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
1610 {
1611 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$4->name, TYPEDEFname, "6" );
1612 $$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
1613 }
1614 | type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
1615 {
1616 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$3->name, TYPEDEFname, "7" );
1617 $$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
1618 }
1619 | type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
1620 {
1621 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$4->name, TYPEDEFname, "8" );
1622 $$ = $4->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef()->addType( $1 );
1623 }
1624 ;
1625
1626typedef_expression:
1627 // GCC, naming expression type: typedef name = exp; gives a name to the type of an expression
1628 TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1629 {
1630 // $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // unimplemented
1631 SemanticError( yylloc, "Typedef expression is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr;
1632 }
1633 | typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1634 {
1635 // $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // unimplemented
1636 SemanticError( yylloc, "Typedef expression is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr;
1637 }
1638 ;
1639
1640//c_declaration:
1641// declaring_list pop ';'
1642// | typedef_declaration pop ';'
1643// | typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
1644// | sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
1645// ;
1646//
1647//declaring_list:
1648// // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1649// // storage-class
1650// declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1651// {
1652// typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( IDENTIFIER );
1653// $$ = ( $2->addType( $1 ))->addAsmName( $3 )->addInitializer( $4 );
1654// }
1655// | declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1656// {
1657// typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( IDENTIFIER );
1658// $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addAsmName( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) ) );
1659// }
1660// ;
1661
1662c_declaration:
1663 declaration_specifier declaring_list
1664 { $$ = distAttr( $1, $2 ); }
1665 | typedef_declaration
1666 | typedef_expression // GCC, naming expression type
1667 | sue_declaration_specifier
1668 ;
1669
1670declaring_list:
1671 // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1672 // storage-class
1673 declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1674 { $$ = $1->addAsmName( $2 )->addInitializer( $3 ); }
1675 | declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1676 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4->addQualifiers( $3 )->addAsmName( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) ); }
1677 ;
1678
1679declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
1680 basic_declaration_specifier
1681 | sue_declaration_specifier
1682 | type_declaration_specifier
1683 ;
1684
1685declaration_specifier_nobody: // type specifier + storage class - {...}
1686 // Preclude SUE declarations in restricted scopes:
1687 //
1688 // int f( struct S { int i; } s1, Struct S s2 ) { struct S s3; ... }
1689 //
1690 // because it is impossible to call f due to name equivalence.
1691 basic_declaration_specifier
1692 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody
1693 | type_declaration_specifier
1694 ;
1695
1696type_specifier: // type specifier
1697 basic_type_specifier
1698 | sue_type_specifier
1699 | type_type_specifier
1700 ;
1701
1702type_specifier_nobody: // type specifier - {...}
1703 // Preclude SUE declarations in restricted scopes:
1704 //
1705 // int f( struct S { int i; } s1, Struct S s2 ) { struct S s3; ... }
1706 //
1707 // because it is impossible to call f due to name equivalence.
1708 basic_type_specifier
1709 | sue_type_specifier_nobody
1710 | type_type_specifier
1711 ;
1712
1713type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
1714 // empty
1715 { $$ = nullptr; }
1716 | type_qualifier_list
1717 ;
1718
1719type_qualifier_list:
1720 // A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of declaration.
1721 //
1722 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4 ) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
1723 // specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as if it
1724 // appeared only once.
1725 type_qualifier
1726 | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
1727 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1728 ;
1729
1730type_qualifier:
1731 type_qualifier_name
1732 | attribute
1733 ;
1734
1735type_qualifier_name:
1736 CONST
1737 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Const ); }
1738 | RESTRICT
1739 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Restrict ); }
1740 | VOLATILE
1741 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Volatile ); }
1742 | ATOMIC
1743 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Atomic ); }
1744 | forall
1745 ;
1746
1747forall:
1748 FORALL '(' type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
1749 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $3 ); }
1750 ;
1751
1752declaration_qualifier_list:
1753 storage_class_list
1754 | type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
1755 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1756 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
1757 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1758 ;
1759
1760storage_class_list:
1761 // A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration and that
1762 // only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
1763 //
1764 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the declaration
1765 // specifiers in a declaration.
1766 storage_class
1767 | storage_class_list storage_class
1768 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1769 ;
1770
1771storage_class:
1772 EXTERN
1773 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Extern ); }
1774 | STATIC
1775 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Static ); }
1776 | AUTO
1777 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Auto ); }
1778 | REGISTER
1779 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Register ); }
1780 | THREADLOCAL // C11
1781 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Threadlocal ); }
1782 // Put function specifiers here to simplify parsing rules, but separate them semantically.
1783 | INLINE // C99
1784 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Inline ); }
1785 | FORTRAN // C99
1786 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Fortran ); }
1787 | NORETURN // C11
1788 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Noreturn ); }
1789 ;
1790
1791basic_type_name:
1792 VOID
1793 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
1794 | BOOL // C99
1795 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
1796 | CHAR
1797 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
1798 | INT
1799 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
1800 | INT128
1801 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int128 ); }
1802 | FLOAT
1803 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
1804 | FLOAT80
1805 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float80 ); }
1806 | FLOAT128
1807 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float128 ); }
1808 | DOUBLE
1809 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
1810 | COMPLEX // C99
1811 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
1812 | IMAGINARY // C99
1813 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
1814 | SIGNED
1815 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
1816 | UNSIGNED
1817 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
1818 | SHORT
1819 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
1820 | LONG
1821 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
1822 | VALIST // GCC, __builtin_va_list
1823 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Valist ); }
1824 ;
1825
1826basic_declaration_specifier:
1827 // A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
1828 basic_type_specifier
1829 | declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
1830 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1831 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1832 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1833 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1834 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1835 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
1836 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
1837 ;
1838
1839basic_type_specifier:
1840 direct_type
1841 // Cannot have type modifiers, e.g., short, long, etc.
1842 | type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type type_qualifier_list_opt
1843 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1844 ;
1845
1846direct_type:
1847 basic_type_name
1848 | type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
1849 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1850 | direct_type type_qualifier
1851 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1852 | direct_type basic_type_name
1853 { $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
1854 ;
1855
1856indirect_type:
1857 TYPEOF '(' type ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
1858 { $$ = $3; }
1859 | TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
1860 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
1861 | ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
1862 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1863 | ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
1864 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1865 | ZERO_T // CFA
1866 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Zero ); }
1867 | ONE_T // CFA
1868 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::One ); }
1869 ;
1870
1871sue_declaration_specifier: // struct, union, enum + storage class + type specifier
1872 sue_type_specifier
1873 | declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
1874 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1875 | sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1876 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1877 | sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1878 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1879 ;
1880
1881sue_type_specifier: // struct, union, enum + type specifier
1882 elaborated_type
1883 | type_qualifier_list
1884 { if ( $1->type != nullptr && $1->type->forall ) forall = true; } // remember generic type
1885 elaborated_type
1886 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1887 | sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
1888 {
1889 if ( $2->type != nullptr && $2->type->forall ) forall = true; // remember generic type
1890 $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 );
1891 }
1892 ;
1893
1894sue_declaration_specifier_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...} + storage class + type specifier
1895 sue_type_specifier_nobody
1896 | declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier_nobody
1897 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1898 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1899 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1900 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody storage_class type_qualifier_list
1901 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1902 ;
1903
1904sue_type_specifier_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...} + type specifier
1905 elaborated_type_nobody
1906 | type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_nobody
1907 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1908 | sue_type_specifier_nobody type_qualifier
1909 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1910 ;
1911
1912type_declaration_specifier:
1913 type_type_specifier
1914 | declaration_qualifier_list type_type_specifier
1915 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1916 | type_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1917 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1918 | type_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1919 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1920 ;
1921
1922type_type_specifier: // typedef types
1923 type_name
1924 | type_qualifier_list type_name
1925 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1926 | type_type_specifier type_qualifier
1927 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1928 ;
1929
1930type_name:
1931 TYPEDEFname
1932 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
1933 | '.' TYPEDEFname
1934 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifiedType( DeclarationNode::newFromGlobalScope(), DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 ) ); }
1935 | type_name '.' TYPEDEFname
1936 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifiedType( $1, DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $3 ) ); }
1937 | typegen_name
1938 | '.' typegen_name
1939 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifiedType( DeclarationNode::newFromGlobalScope(), $2 ); }
1940 | type_name '.' typegen_name
1941 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifiedType( $1, $3 ); }
1942 ;
1943
1944typegen_name: // CFA
1945 TYPEGENname
1946 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, nullptr ); }
1947 | TYPEGENname '(' ')'
1948 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, nullptr ); }
1949 | TYPEGENname '(' type_list ')'
1950 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
1951 ;
1952
1953elaborated_type: // struct, union, enum
1954 aggregate_type
1955 | enum_type
1956 ;
1957
1958elaborated_type_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...}
1959 aggregate_type_nobody
1960 | enum_type_nobody
1961 ;
1962
1963fred:
1964 // empty
1965 { yyy = false; }
1966 ;
1967
1968aggregate_type: // struct, union
1969 aggregate_key attribute_list_opt
1970 { forall = false; } // reset
1971 '{' field_declaration_list_opt '}' type_parameters_opt
1972 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, nullptr, $7, $5, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1973 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier fred
1974 {
1975 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3, forall || typedefTable.getEnclForall() ? TYPEGENname : TYPEDEFname ); // create typedef
1976 forall = false; // reset
1977 }
1978 '{' field_declaration_list_opt '}' type_parameters_opt
1979 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3, $9, $7, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1980 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt type_name fred
1981 {
1982 // for type_name can be a qualified type name S.T, in which case only the last name in the chain needs a typedef (other names in the chain should already have one)
1983 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3->type->leafName(), forall || typedefTable.getEnclForall() ? TYPEGENname : TYPEDEFname ); // create typedef
1984 forall = false; // reset
1985 }
1986 '{' field_declaration_list_opt '}' type_parameters_opt
1987 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3->type->symbolic.name, $9, $7, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1988 | aggregate_type_nobody
1989 ;
1990
1991type_parameters_opt:
1992 // empty
1993 { $$ = nullptr; } %prec '}'
1994 | '(' type_list ')'
1995 { $$ = $2; }
1996 ;
1997
1998aggregate_type_nobody: // struct, union - {...}
1999 aggregate_key attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier fred
2000 {
2001 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3, forall || typedefTable.getEnclForall() ? TYPEGENname : TYPEDEFname );
2002 forall = false; // reset
2003 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3, nullptr, nullptr, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
2004 }
2005 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt type_name fred
2006 {
2007 forall = false; // reset
2008 // Create new generic declaration with same name as previous forward declaration, where the IDENTIFIER is
2009 // switched to a TYPEGENname. Link any generic arguments from typegen_name to new generic declaration and
2010 // delete newFromTypeGen.
2011 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3->type->symbolic.name, $3->type->symbolic.actuals, nullptr, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
2012 $3->type->symbolic.name = nullptr;
2013 $3->type->symbolic.actuals = nullptr;
2014 delete $3;
2015 }
2016 ;
2017
2018aggregate_key:
2019 STRUCT
2020 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
2021 | UNION
2022 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
2023 | EXCEPTION
2024 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Exception; }
2025 | COROUTINE
2026 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Coroutine; }
2027 | MONITOR
2028 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Monitor; }
2029 | THREAD
2030 { yyy = true; $$ = DeclarationNode::Thread; }
2031 ;
2032
2033field_declaration_list_opt:
2034 // empty
2035 { $$ = nullptr; }
2036 | field_declaration_list_opt field_declaration
2037 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
2038 ;
2039
2040field_declaration:
2041 type_specifier field_declaring_list_opt ';'
2042 { $$ = fieldDecl( $1, $2 ); }
2043 | EXTENSION type_specifier field_declaring_list_opt ';' // GCC
2044 { $$ = fieldDecl( $2, $3 ); distExt( $$ ); }
2045 | INLINE type_specifier field_abstract_list_opt ';' // CFA
2046 {
2047 if ( ! $3 ) { // field declarator ?
2048 $3 = DeclarationNode::newName( nullptr );
2049 } // if
2050 $3->inLine = true;
2051 $$ = distAttr( $2, $3 ); // mark all fields in list
2052 distInl( $3 );
2053 }
2054 | typedef_declaration ';' // CFA
2055 | cfa_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
2056 | EXTENSION cfa_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
2057 { distExt( $2 ); $$ = $2; } // mark all fields in list
2058 | INLINE cfa_field_abstract_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
2059 { $$ = $2; } // mark all fields in list
2060 | cfa_typedef_declaration ';' // CFA
2061 | static_assert // C11
2062 ;
2063
2064field_declaring_list_opt:
2065 // empty
2066 { $$ = nullptr; }
2067 | field_declarator
2068 | field_declaring_list_opt ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
2069 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4->addQualifiers( $3 ) ); }
2070 ;
2071
2072field_declarator:
2073 bit_subrange_size // C special case, no field name
2074 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
2075 | variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
2076 // A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on integral types.
2077 { $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
2078 | variable_type_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
2079 // A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on integral types.
2080 { $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
2081 ;
2082
2083field_abstract_list_opt:
2084 // empty
2085 { $$ = nullptr; }
2086 | field_abstract
2087 | field_abstract_list_opt ',' attribute_list_opt field_abstract
2088 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4->addQualifiers( $3 ) ); }
2089 ;
2090
2091field_abstract:
2092 // no bit fields
2093 variable_abstract_declarator
2094 ;
2095
2096cfa_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
2097 // bit-fields are handled by C declarations
2098 cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2099 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
2100 | cfa_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2101 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
2102 ;
2103
2104cfa_field_abstract_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
2105 // bit-fields are handled by C declarations
2106 cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
2107 | cfa_field_abstract_list ','
2108 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
2109 ;
2110
2111bit_subrange_size_opt:
2112 // empty
2113 { $$ = nullptr; }
2114 | bit_subrange_size
2115 ;
2116
2117bit_subrange_size:
2118 ':' constant_expression
2119 { $$ = $2; }
2120 ;
2121
2122enum_type: // enum
2123 ENUM attribute_list_opt '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
2124 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( nullptr, $4, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2125 | ENUM attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier
2126 { typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 ); }
2127 '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
2128 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3, $6, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2129 | ENUM attribute_list_opt type_name
2130 '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
2131 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3->type->symbolic.name, $5, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2132 | enum_type_nobody
2133 ;
2134
2135enum_type_nobody: // enum - {...}
2136 ENUM attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier
2137 {
2138 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 );
2139 $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3, 0, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
2140 }
2141 | ENUM attribute_list_opt type_name
2142 {
2143 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3->type->symbolic.name );
2144 $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3->type->symbolic.name, 0, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
2145 }
2146 ;
2147
2148enumerator_list:
2149 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
2150 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
2151 | enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
2152 { $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
2153 ;
2154
2155enumerator_value_opt:
2156 // empty
2157 { $$ = nullptr; }
2158 | '=' constant_expression
2159 { $$ = $2; }
2160 ;
2161
2162cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt: // CFA, abstract + real
2163 // empty
2164 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
2165 | ELLIPSIS
2166 { $$ = nullptr; }
2167 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list
2168 | cfa_parameter_list
2169 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list
2170 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2171 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2172 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2173 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2174 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2175 ;
2176
2177cfa_parameter_list: // CFA
2178 // To obtain LR(1) between cfa_parameter_list and cfa_abstract_tuple, the last cfa_abstract_parameter_list is
2179 // factored out from cfa_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get lookahead to the ']'.
2180 cfa_parameter_declaration
2181 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2182 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2183 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2184 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2185 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2186 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
2187 ;
2188
2189cfa_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
2190 cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration
2191 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration
2192 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2193 ;
2194
2195parameter_type_list_opt:
2196 // empty
2197 { $$ = nullptr; }
2198 | ELLIPSIS
2199 { $$ = nullptr; }
2200 | parameter_list
2201 | parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2202 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2203 ;
2204
2205parameter_list: // abstract + real
2206 abstract_parameter_declaration
2207 | parameter_declaration
2208 | parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
2209 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2210 | parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
2211 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2212 ;
2213
2214// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different semantics
2215// for typedef name by using type_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and function prototypes.
2216
2217cfa_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
2218 parameter_declaration
2219 | cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2220 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
2221 | cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2222 // To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
2223 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
2224 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2225 { $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2226 | cfa_function_specifier
2227 ;
2228
2229cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
2230 abstract_parameter_declaration
2231 | cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
2232 | cfa_abstract_tuple
2233 // To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
2234 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
2235 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2236 | cfa_abstract_function
2237 ;
2238
2239parameter_declaration:
2240 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
2241 declaration_specifier_nobody identifier_parameter_declarator default_initialize_opt
2242 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr ); }
2243 | declaration_specifier_nobody type_parameter_redeclarator default_initialize_opt
2244 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr ); }
2245 ;
2246
2247abstract_parameter_declaration:
2248 declaration_specifier_nobody default_initialize_opt
2249 { $$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 ? new InitializerNode( $2 ) : nullptr ); }
2250 | declaration_specifier_nobody abstract_parameter_declarator default_initialize_opt
2251 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr ); }
2252 ;
2253
2254// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
2255// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is based only on
2256// identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
2257
2258identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
2259 no_attr_identifier
2260 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
2261 | identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
2262 { $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
2263 ;
2264
2265identifier_or_type_name:
2266 identifier
2267 | TYPEDEFname
2268 | TYPEGENname
2269 ;
2270
2271no_attr_identifier_or_type_name:
2272 no_attr_identifier
2273 | TYPEDEFname
2274 | TYPEGENname
2275 ;
2276
2277type_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
2278 cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
2279 | type_specifier
2280 | type_specifier abstract_declarator
2281 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
2282 ;
2283
2284type: // typeof, assertion
2285 type_no_function
2286 | cfa_abstract_function // CFA
2287 ;
2288
2289initializer_opt:
2290 // empty
2291 { $$ = nullptr; }
2292 | '=' initializer
2293 { $$ = $2; }
2294 | '=' VOID
2295 { $$ = new InitializerNode( true ); }
2296 | ATassign initializer
2297 { $$ = $2->set_maybeConstructed( false ); }
2298 ;
2299
2300initializer:
2301 assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode( $1 ); }
2302 | '{' initializer_list_opt comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode( $2, true ); }
2303 ;
2304
2305initializer_list_opt:
2306 // empty
2307 { $$ = nullptr; }
2308 | initializer
2309 | designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
2310 | initializer_list_opt ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 ) ); }
2311 | initializer_list_opt ',' designation initializer
2312 { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $4->set_designators( $3 ) ) ); }
2313 ;
2314
2315// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is use of
2316// '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
2317//
2318// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
2319//
2320// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this case, CFA
2321// changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC does uses ":" for
2322// field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be supported either due to
2323// shift/reduce conflicts
2324
2325designation:
2326 designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
2327 | no_attr_identifier ':' // GCC, field name
2328 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
2329 ;
2330
2331designator_list: // C99
2332 designator
2333 | designator_list designator
2334 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 ) ); }
2335 //| designator_list designator { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1, $2 ); }
2336 ;
2337
2338designator:
2339 '.' no_attr_identifier // C99, field name
2340 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2 ) ); }
2341 | '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
2342 // assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with tuple.
2343 { $$ = $3; }
2344 | '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
2345 { $$ = $3; }
2346 | '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
2347 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $5 ) ) ); }
2348 | '.' '[' push field_name_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
2349 { $$ = $4; }
2350 ;
2351
2352// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type parameters,
2353// rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
2354//
2355// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
2356//
2357// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used for object
2358// and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with initializers provide
2359// definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide opaque types.
2360//
2361// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at the call
2362// site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
2363//
2364// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
2365// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble subclass
2366// hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare that a type or
2367// types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used to declare requirements
2368// on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
2369
2370type_parameter_list: // CFA
2371 type_parameter
2372 | type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter
2373 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
2374 ;
2375
2376type_initializer_opt: // CFA
2377 // empty
2378 { $$ = nullptr; }
2379 | '=' type
2380 { $$ = $2; }
2381 ;
2382
2383type_parameter: // CFA
2384 type_class no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2385 { typedefTable.addToScope( *$2, TYPEDEFname, "9" ); }
2386 type_initializer_opt assertion_list_opt
2387 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addTypeInitializer( $4 )->addAssertions( $5 ); }
2388 | type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
2389 | assertion_list
2390 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( DeclarationNode::Dtype, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ) )->addAssertions( $1 ); }
2391 ;
2392
2393type_class: // CFA
2394 OTYPE
2395 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Otype; }
2396 | DTYPE
2397 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
2398 | FTYPE
2399 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
2400 | TTYPE
2401 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Ttype; }
2402 ;
2403
2404assertion_list_opt: // CFA
2405 // empty
2406 { $$ = nullptr; }
2407 | assertion_list
2408 ;
2409
2410assertion_list: // CFA
2411 assertion
2412 | assertion_list assertion
2413 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
2414 ;
2415
2416assertion: // CFA
2417 '|' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_list ')'
2418 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTraitUse( $2, $4 ); }
2419 | '|' '{' push trait_declaration_list pop '}'
2420 { $$ = $4; }
2421 // | '|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list pop '}' '(' type_list ')'
2422 // { SemanticError( yylloc, "Generic data-type assertion is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
2423 ;
2424
2425type_list: // CFA
2426 type
2427 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new TypeExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $1 ) ) ); }
2428 | assignment_expression
2429 { SemanticError( yylloc, toString("Expression generic parameters are currently unimplemented: ", $1->build()) ); $$ = nullptr; }
2430 | type_list ',' type
2431 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( new TypeExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
2432 | type_list ',' assignment_expression
2433 { SemanticError( yylloc, toString("Expression generic parameters are currently unimplemented: ", $3->build()) ); $$ = nullptr; }
2434 // { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
2435 ;
2436
2437type_declaring_list: // CFA
2438 OTYPE type_declarator
2439 { $$ = $2; }
2440 | storage_class_list OTYPE type_declarator
2441 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2442 | type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
2443 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copySpecifiers( $1 ) ); }
2444 ;
2445
2446type_declarator: // CFA
2447 type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
2448 { $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
2449 | type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type
2450 { $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
2451 ;
2452
2453type_declarator_name: // CFA
2454 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2455 {
2456 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TYPEDEFname, "10" );
2457 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
2458 }
2459 | no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_parameter_list ')'
2460 {
2461 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TYPEGENname, "11" );
2462 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $3 );
2463 }
2464 ;
2465
2466trait_specifier: // CFA
2467 TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_parameter_list ')' '{' '}'
2468 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $4, 0 ); }
2469 | TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_parameter_list ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list pop '}'
2470 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $4, $8 ); }
2471 ;
2472
2473trait_declaration_list: // CFA
2474 trait_declaration
2475 | trait_declaration_list pop push trait_declaration
2476 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4 ); }
2477 ;
2478
2479trait_declaration: // CFA
2480 cfa_trait_declaring_list ';'
2481 | trait_declaring_list ';'
2482 ;
2483
2484cfa_trait_declaring_list: // CFA
2485 cfa_variable_specifier
2486 | cfa_function_specifier
2487 | cfa_trait_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
2488 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) ); }
2489 ;
2490
2491trait_declaring_list: // CFA
2492 type_specifier declarator
2493 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
2494 | trait_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
2495 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) ); }
2496 ;
2497
2498//***************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS *****************************
2499
2500translation_unit:
2501 // empty, input file
2502 | external_definition_list
2503 { parseTree = parseTree ? parseTree->appendList( $1 ) : $1; }
2504 ;
2505
2506external_definition_list:
2507 push external_definition pop
2508 { $$ = $2; }
2509 | external_definition_list push external_definition pop
2510 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
2511 ;
2512
2513external_definition_list_opt:
2514 // empty
2515 { $$ = nullptr; }
2516 | external_definition_list
2517 ;
2518
2519up:
2520 { typedefTable.up( forall ); forall = false; }
2521 ;
2522
2523down:
2524 { typedefTable.down(); }
2525 ;
2526
2527external_definition:
2528 declaration
2529 | external_function_definition
2530 | EXTENSION external_definition // GCC, multiple __extension__ allowed, meaning unknown
2531 {
2532 distExt( $2 ); // mark all fields in list
2533 $$ = $2;
2534 }
2535 | ASM '(' string_literal ')' ';' // GCC, global assembler statement
2536 {
2537 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAsmStmt( new StatementNode( build_asm( false, $3, 0 ) ) );
2538 }
2539 | EXTERN STRINGliteral // C++-style linkage specifier
2540 {
2541 linkageStack.push( linkage ); // handle nested extern "C"/"Cforall"
2542 linkage = LinkageSpec::linkageUpdate( yylloc, linkage, $2 );
2543 }
2544 '{' up external_definition_list_opt down '}'
2545 {
2546 linkage = linkageStack.top();
2547 linkageStack.pop();
2548 $$ = $6;
2549 }
2550 | type_qualifier_list
2551 {
2552 if ( $1->type->qualifiers.val ) { SemanticError( yylloc, "CV qualifiers cannot be distributed; only storage-class and forall qualifiers." ); }
2553 if ( $1->type->forall ) forall = true; // remember generic type
2554 }
2555 '{' up external_definition_list_opt down '}' // CFA, namespace
2556 {
2557 distQual( $5, $1 );
2558 forall = false;
2559 $$ = $5;
2560 }
2561 | declaration_qualifier_list
2562 {
2563 if ( $1->type && $1->type->qualifiers.val ) { SemanticError( yylloc, "CV qualifiers cannot be distributed; only storage-class and forall qualifiers." ); }
2564 if ( $1->type && $1->type->forall ) forall = true; // remember generic type
2565 }
2566 '{' up external_definition_list_opt down '}' // CFA, namespace
2567 {
2568 distQual( $5, $1 );
2569 forall = false;
2570 $$ = $5;
2571 }
2572 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list
2573 {
2574 if ( ($1->type && $1->type->qualifiers.val) || $2->type->qualifiers.val ) { SemanticError( yylloc, "CV qualifiers cannot be distributed; only storage-class and forall qualifiers." ); }
2575 if ( ($1->type && $1->type->forall) || $2->type->forall ) forall = true; // remember generic type
2576 }
2577 '{' up external_definition_list_opt down '}' // CFA, namespace
2578 {
2579 distQual( $6, $1->addQualifiers( $2 ) );
2580 forall = false;
2581 $$ = $6;
2582 }
2583 ;
2584
2585external_function_definition:
2586 function_definition
2587 // These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant amount of
2588 // legacy code with global functions missing the type-specifier for the return type, and assuming "int".
2589 // Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested
2590 // functions preclude this concession, i.e., all nested function must have a return type). A function prototype
2591 // declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2592 | function_declarator compound_statement
2593 { $$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 ); }
2594 | KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt compound_statement
2595 { $$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $2 )->addFunctionBody( $3 ); }
2596 ;
2597
2598with_clause_opt:
2599 // empty
2600 { $$ = nullptr; forall = false; }
2601 | WITH '(' tuple_expression_list ')'
2602 { $$ = $3; forall = false; }
2603 ;
2604
2605function_definition:
2606 cfa_function_declaration with_clause_opt compound_statement // CFA
2607 {
2608 // Add the function body to the last identifier in the function definition list, i.e., foo3:
2609 // [const double] foo1(), foo2( int ), foo3( double ) { return 3.0; }
2610 $1->get_last()->addFunctionBody( $3, $2 );
2611 $$ = $1;
2612 }
2613 | declaration_specifier function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2614 {
2615 rebindForall( $1, $2 );
2616 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addType( $1 );
2617 }
2618 | declaration_specifier variable_type_redeclarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2619 {
2620 rebindForall( $1, $2 );
2621 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addType( $1 );
2622 }
2623 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2624 | type_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2625 { $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2626 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2627 | declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2628 { $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2629 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2630 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2631 { $$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2632
2633 // Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
2634 | declaration_specifier KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2635 {
2636 rebindForall( $1, $2 );
2637 $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addType( $1 );
2638 }
2639 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2640 | type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2641 { $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2642 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2643 | declaration_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2644 { $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2645 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2646 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_parameter_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2647 { $$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $6, $5 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2648 ;
2649
2650declarator:
2651 variable_declarator
2652 | variable_type_redeclarator
2653 | function_declarator
2654 ;
2655
2656subrange:
2657 constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
2658 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
2659 ;
2660
2661asm_name_opt: // GCC
2662 // empty
2663 { $$ = nullptr; }
2664 | ASM '(' string_literal ')' attribute_list_opt
2665 {
2666 DeclarationNode * name = new DeclarationNode();
2667 name->asmName = $3;
2668 $$ = name->addQualifiers( $5 );
2669 }
2670 ;
2671
2672attribute_list_opt: // GCC
2673 // empty
2674 { $$ = nullptr; }
2675 | attribute_list
2676 ;
2677
2678attribute_list: // GCC
2679 attribute
2680 | attribute_list attribute
2681 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2682 ;
2683
2684attribute: // GCC
2685 ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_name_list ')' ')'
2686 { $$ = $4; }
2687 ;
2688
2689attribute_name_list: // GCC
2690 attribute_name
2691 | attribute_name_list ',' attribute_name
2692 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2693 ;
2694
2695attribute_name: // GCC
2696 // empty
2697 { $$ = nullptr; }
2698 | attr_name
2699 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttribute( $1 ); }
2700 | attr_name '(' argument_expression_list ')'
2701 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttribute( $1, $3 ); }
2702 ;
2703
2704attr_name: // GCC
2705 IDENTIFIER
2706 | quasi_keyword
2707 | TYPEDEFname
2708 | TYPEGENname
2709 | FALLTHROUGH
2710 { $$ = Token{ new string( "fallthrough" ), { nullptr, -1 } }; }
2711 | CONST
2712 { $$ = Token{ new string( "__const__" ), { nullptr, -1 } }; }
2713 ;
2714
2715// ============================================================================
2716// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are necessary
2717// because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage in an expression, as
2718// in:
2719//
2720// int (*f())[10] { ... };
2721// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
2722//
2723// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some or all of
2724// the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a particular context.
2725// ============================================================================
2726
2727// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2728// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of declarators
2729// to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
2730//
2731// valid declaration invalid definition
2732// ----------------- ------------------
2733// int f; int f {}
2734// int *f; int *f {}
2735// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
2736// int (*f)(int); int (*f)(int) {}
2737//
2738// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function declarators, hence
2739// variable_declarator and function_declarator.
2740// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2741
2742// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern precludes
2743// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
2744
2745variable_declarator:
2746 paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2747 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2748 | variable_ptr
2749 | variable_array attribute_list_opt
2750 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2751 | variable_function attribute_list_opt
2752 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2753 ;
2754
2755paren_identifier:
2756 identifier
2757 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
2758 | '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
2759 { $$ = $2; }
2760 ;
2761
2762variable_ptr:
2763 ptrref_operator variable_declarator
2764 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2765 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
2766 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2767 | '(' variable_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2768 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); } // redundant parenthesis
2769 ;
2770
2771variable_array:
2772 paren_identifier array_dimension
2773 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2774 | '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
2775 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2776 | '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2777 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2778 | '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2779 { $$ = $2; }
2780 ;
2781
2782variable_function:
2783 '(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2784 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2785 | '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2786 { $$ = $2; }
2787 ;
2788
2789// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. For non-nested functions, there is
2790// no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name, i.e., the typedef and function name cannot exist
2791// is the same scope. The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2792
2793function_declarator:
2794 function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
2795 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2796 | function_ptr
2797 | function_array attribute_list_opt
2798 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2799 ;
2800
2801function_no_ptr:
2802 paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2803 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2804 | '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2805 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2806 | '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
2807 { $$ = $2; }
2808 ;
2809
2810function_ptr:
2811 ptrref_operator function_declarator
2812 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2813 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list function_declarator
2814 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2815 | '(' function_ptr ')'
2816 { $$ = $2; }
2817 ;
2818
2819function_array:
2820 '(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2821 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2822 | '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2823 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2824 | '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2825 { $$ = $2; }
2826 ;
2827
2828// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4)
2829//
2830// f( a, b, c ) int a, *b, c[]; {}
2831//
2832// that is not redefining a typedef name (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes
2833// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2834
2835KR_function_declarator:
2836 KR_function_no_ptr
2837 | KR_function_ptr
2838 | KR_function_array
2839 ;
2840
2841KR_function_no_ptr:
2842 paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
2843 { $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
2844 | '(' KR_function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2845 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2846 | '(' KR_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
2847 { $$ = $2; }
2848 ;
2849
2850KR_function_ptr:
2851 ptrref_operator KR_function_declarator
2852 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2853 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator
2854 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2855 | '(' KR_function_ptr ')'
2856 { $$ = $2; }
2857 ;
2858
2859KR_function_array:
2860 '(' KR_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2861 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2862 | '(' KR_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2863 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2864 | '(' KR_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2865 { $$ = $2; }
2866 ;
2867
2868// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a type name, e.g.:
2869//
2870// typedef int foo;
2871// {
2872// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
2873// }
2874//
2875// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2876// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2877
2878variable_type_redeclarator:
2879 paren_type attribute_list_opt
2880 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2881 | type_ptr
2882 | type_array attribute_list_opt
2883 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2884 | type_function attribute_list_opt
2885 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2886 ;
2887
2888paren_type:
2889 typedef
2890 // hide type name in enclosing scope by variable name
2891 {
2892 // if ( ! typedefTable.existsCurr( *$1->name ) ) {
2893 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1->name, IDENTIFIER, "ID" );
2894 // } else {
2895 // SemanticError( yylloc, string("'") + *$1->name + "' redeclared as different kind of symbol." ); $$ = nullptr;
2896 // } // if
2897 }
2898 | '(' paren_type ')'
2899 { $$ = $2; }
2900 ;
2901
2902type_ptr:
2903 ptrref_operator variable_type_redeclarator
2904 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2905 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_type_redeclarator
2906 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2907 | '(' type_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2908 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); } // redundant parenthesis
2909 ;
2910
2911type_array:
2912 paren_type array_dimension
2913 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2914 | '(' type_ptr ')' array_dimension
2915 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2916 | '(' type_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2917 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2918 | '(' type_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2919 { $$ = $2; }
2920 ;
2921
2922type_function:
2923 paren_type '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2924 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2925 | '(' type_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2926 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2927 | '(' type_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2928 { $$ = $2; }
2929 ;
2930
2931// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable of a function prototype or actual that is not redefining a
2932// typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern precludes
2933// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus
2934// pointers to arrays and functions.
2935
2936identifier_parameter_declarator:
2937 paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2938 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2939 | '&' MUTEX paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2940 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf ) )->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2941 | identifier_parameter_ptr
2942 | identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2943 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2944 | identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2945 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2946 ;
2947
2948identifier_parameter_ptr:
2949 ptrref_operator identifier_parameter_declarator
2950 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2951 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
2952 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2953 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2954 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2955 ;
2956
2957identifier_parameter_array:
2958 paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
2959 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2960 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
2961 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2962 | '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2963 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2964 | '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2965 { $$ = $2; }
2966 ;
2967
2968identifier_parameter_function:
2969 paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2970 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2971 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2972 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2973 | '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2974 { $$ = $2; }
2975 ;
2976
2977// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a typedef name,
2978// e.g.:
2979//
2980// typedef int foo;
2981// forall( otype T ) struct foo;
2982// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
2983//
2984// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
2985
2986type_parameter_redeclarator:
2987 typedef attribute_list_opt
2988 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2989 | '&' MUTEX typedef attribute_list_opt
2990 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf ) )->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2991 | type_parameter_ptr
2992 | type_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2993 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2994 | type_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2995 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2996 ;
2997
2998typedef:
2999 TYPEDEFname
3000 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
3001 | TYPEGENname
3002 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
3003 ;
3004
3005type_parameter_ptr:
3006 ptrref_operator type_parameter_redeclarator
3007 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3008 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list type_parameter_redeclarator
3009 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3010 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3011 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3012 ;
3013
3014type_parameter_array:
3015 typedef array_parameter_dimension
3016 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
3017 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
3018 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3019 ;
3020
3021type_parameter_function:
3022 typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3023 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
3024 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3025 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3026 ;
3027
3028// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no identifier to
3029// which the type applies, e.g.:
3030//
3031// sizeof( int );
3032// sizeof( int * );
3033// sizeof( int [10] );
3034// sizeof( int (*)() );
3035// sizeof( int () );
3036//
3037// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
3038// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
3039
3040abstract_declarator:
3041 abstract_ptr
3042 | abstract_array attribute_list_opt
3043 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3044 | abstract_function attribute_list_opt
3045 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3046 ;
3047
3048abstract_ptr:
3049 ptrref_operator
3050 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ); }
3051 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
3052 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
3053 | ptrref_operator abstract_declarator
3054 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3055 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
3056 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3057 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3058 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3059 ;
3060
3061abstract_array:
3062 array_dimension
3063 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
3064 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3065 | '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3066 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3067 | '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3068 { $$ = $2; }
3069 ;
3070
3071abstract_function:
3072 '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3073 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
3074 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3075 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3076 | '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3077 { $$ = $2; }
3078 ;
3079
3080array_dimension:
3081 // Only the first dimension can be empty.
3082 '[' ']'
3083 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
3084 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension
3085 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $3 ); }
3086 | multi_array_dimension
3087 ;
3088
3089multi_array_dimension:
3090 '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
3091 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
3092 | '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
3093 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
3094 | multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
3095 { $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
3096 | multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
3097 { $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
3098 ;
3099
3100// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
3101// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
3102//
3103// int f( int ); // not handled here
3104// int f( int * ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3105// int f( int (*)() ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3106// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3107//
3108// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
3109// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. In addition, the pattern handles the
3110// special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
3111//
3112// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
3113// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
3114// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
3115//
3116// For example:
3117//
3118// typedef float T;
3119// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
3120// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
3121// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
3122// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
3123//
3124// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type list, and
3125// not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes declaring an array of
3126// functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and
3127// functions.
3128
3129abstract_parameter_declarator:
3130 abstract_parameter_ptr
3131 | '&' MUTEX attribute_list_opt
3132 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
3133 | abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
3134 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3135 | abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
3136 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3137 ;
3138
3139abstract_parameter_ptr:
3140 ptrref_operator
3141 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( nullptr, $1 ); }
3142 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
3143 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
3144 | ptrref_operator abstract_parameter_declarator
3145 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( nullptr, $1 ) ); }
3146 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
3147 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3148 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3149 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3150 ;
3151
3152abstract_parameter_array:
3153 array_parameter_dimension
3154 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
3155 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3156 | '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3157 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3158 | '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3159 { $$ = $2; }
3160 ;
3161
3162abstract_parameter_function:
3163 '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3164 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
3165 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3166 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3167 | '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3168 { $$ = $2; }
3169 ;
3170
3171array_parameter_dimension:
3172 // Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
3173 array_parameter_1st_dimension
3174 | array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
3175 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
3176 | multi_array_dimension
3177 ;
3178
3179// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
3180//
3181// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall appear only in
3182// a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the outermost array type derivation."
3183
3184array_parameter_1st_dimension:
3185 '[' ']'
3186 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
3187 // multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
3188 | '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
3189 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
3190 | '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
3191 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
3192 // multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
3193 | '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3194 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
3195 | '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
3196 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
3197 | '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
3198 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
3199 ;
3200
3201// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, but does not allow "int ()" for a function pointer.
3202//
3203// struct S {
3204// int;
3205// int *;
3206// int [10];
3207// int (*)();
3208// };
3209
3210variable_abstract_declarator:
3211 variable_abstract_ptr
3212 | variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
3213 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3214 | variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
3215 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3216 ;
3217
3218variable_abstract_ptr:
3219 ptrref_operator
3220 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ); }
3221 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
3222 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
3223 | ptrref_operator variable_abstract_declarator
3224 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3225 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
3226 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3227 | '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3228 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3229 ;
3230
3231variable_abstract_array:
3232 array_dimension
3233 | '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
3234 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3235 | '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3236 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3237 | '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3238 { $$ = $2; }
3239 ;
3240
3241variable_abstract_function:
3242 '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3243 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3244 | '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3245 { $$ = $2; }
3246 ;
3247
3248// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either an
3249// identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
3250
3251cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
3252 cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
3253 | cfa_abstract_tuple
3254 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
3255 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
3256 ;
3257
3258cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
3259 cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3260 | cfa_identifier_parameter_array
3261 ;
3262
3263cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
3264 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
3265 ptrref_operator type_specifier_nobody
3266 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3267 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier_nobody
3268 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3269 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3270 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3271 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3272 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3273 | ptrref_operator cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
3274 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3275 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
3276 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3277 ;
3278
3279cfa_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
3280 // Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
3281 // shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
3282 '[' ']' type_specifier_nobody
3283 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3284 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3285 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3286 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3287 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3288 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3289 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3290 | multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3291 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3292
3293 | '[' ']' cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3294 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3295 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3296 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3297 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3298 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3299 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3300 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3301 | multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3302 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3303 ;
3304
3305cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
3306 '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
3307 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
3308 | '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3309 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
3310 | '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3311 // declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
3312 // assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
3313 // appear in this context.
3314 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
3315 | '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3316 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
3317 ;
3318
3319// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
3320// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
3321//
3322// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
3323// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3324//
3325// These rules need LR(3):
3326//
3327// cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name
3328// '[' cfa_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt ')'
3329//
3330// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
3331//
3332// [int, int] t;
3333// [int, int] f( int );
3334//
3335// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_type_name to know when to reduce
3336// cfa_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the necessary
3337// lookahead. To accomplish this, cfa_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and tuple declarations are
3338// duplicated when appearing with cfa_function_specifier.
3339
3340cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
3341 cfa_abstract_tuple
3342 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
3343 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
3344 | cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
3345 ;
3346
3347cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
3348 cfa_abstract_ptr
3349 | cfa_abstract_array
3350 ;
3351
3352cfa_abstract_ptr: // CFA
3353 ptrref_operator type_specifier
3354 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3355 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
3356 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3357 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3358 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3359 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3360 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3361 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
3362 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3363 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
3364 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3365 ;
3366
3367cfa_abstract_array: // CFA
3368 // Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce conflict with
3369 // empty (void) function return type.
3370 '[' ']' type_specifier
3371 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3372 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
3373 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3374 | multi_array_dimension type_specifier
3375 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3376 | '[' ']' cfa_abstract_ptr
3377 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3378 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension cfa_abstract_ptr
3379 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3380 | multi_array_dimension cfa_abstract_ptr
3381 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3382 ;
3383
3384cfa_abstract_tuple: // CFA
3385 '[' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
3386 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
3387 | '[' push type_specifier_nobody ELLIPSIS pop ']'
3388 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Tuple array currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
3389 | '[' push type_specifier_nobody ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']'
3390 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Tuple array currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
3391 ;
3392
3393cfa_abstract_function: // CFA
3394// '[' ']' '(' cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt ')'
3395// { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, DeclarationNode::newTuple( nullptr ), $4, nullptr ); }
3396 cfa_abstract_tuple '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
3397 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
3398 | cfa_function_return '(' push cfa_parameter_ellipsis_list_opt pop ')'
3399 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
3400 ;
3401
3402// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration specifiers in
3403// each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and type name."
3404//
3405// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the beginning of
3406// the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
3407//
3408// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
3409// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
3410//
3411// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter identifier and
3412// declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an obsolescent feature.
3413
3414//************************* MISCELLANEOUS ********************************
3415
3416comma_opt: // redundant comma
3417 // empty
3418 | ','
3419 ;
3420
3421default_initialize_opt:
3422 // empty
3423 { $$ = nullptr; }
3424 | '=' assignment_expression
3425 { $$ = $2; }
3426 ;
3427
3428%%
3429
3430// ----end of grammar----
3431
3432// Local Variables: //
3433// mode: c++ //
3434// tab-width: 4 //
3435// compile-command: "make install" //
3436// End: //
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