source: src/Parser/parser.yy@ 1ba88a0

ADT aaron-thesis arm-eh ast-experimental cleanup-dtors ctor deferred_resn demangler enum forall-pointer-decay jacob/cs343-translation jenkins-sandbox new-ast new-ast-unique-expr new-env no_list persistent-indexer pthread-emulation qualifiedEnum resolv-new with_gc
Last change on this file since 1ba88a0 was 413ad05, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 9 years ago

more refactoring of parser code
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 103.3 KB
Line 
1//
2// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
3//
4// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6//
7// cfa.y --
8//
9// Author : Peter A. Buhr
10// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
11// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12// Last Modified On : Fri Aug 26 16:45:44 2016
13// Update Count : 1964
14//
15
16// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the C
17// grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts have been
18// copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to constitute a new grammar.
19// In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it parses less incorrect language syntax
20// that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless, there are still several semantic checks
21// required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
22
23// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got stuck with
24// the grammar.
25
26// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
27//
28// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
29//
30// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar also has
31// two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
32//
33// 1. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
34// 2. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
35//
36// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for Cforall
37// (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language concepts. All of the
38// syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above, there is one unreconcileable
39// parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is discussed in detail before the "designation"
40// grammar rule.
41
42%{
43#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
44#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
45
46#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
47
48#include <cstdio>
49#include <stack>
50#include "lex.h"
51#include "parser.h"
52#include "ParseNode.h"
53#include "TypedefTable.h"
54#include "TypeData.h"
55#include "LinkageSpec.h"
56
57extern DeclarationNode * parseTree;
58extern LinkageSpec::Spec linkage;
59extern TypedefTable typedefTable;
60
61std::stack< LinkageSpec::Spec > linkageStack;
62
63void appendStr( std::string *to, std::string *from ) {
64 // "abc" "def" "ghi" => "abcdefghi", remove new text from quotes and insert before last quote in old string.
65 to->insert( to->length() - 1, from->substr( 1, from->length() - 2 ) );
66} // appendStr
67%}
68
69//************************* TERMINAL TOKENS ********************************
70
71// keywords
72%token TYPEDEF
73%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
74%token INLINE // C99
75%token FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
76%token CONST VOLATILE
77%token RESTRICT // C99
78%token FORALL LVALUE // CFA
79%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
80%token VALIST // GCC
81%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
82%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
83%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
84%token OTYPE FTYPE DTYPE TRAIT // CFA
85%token SIZEOF OFFSETOF
86%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
87%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
88%token CHOOSE DISABLE ENABLE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH CATCHRESUME FINALLY THROW THROWRESUME AT // CFA
89%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
90%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF ATOMIC GENERIC NORETURN STATICASSERT THREADLOCAL // C11
91
92// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
93%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
94%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
95%token<tok> INTEGERconstant FLOATINGconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
96%token<tok> ZERO ONE // CFA
97
98// multi-character operators
99%token ARROW // ->
100%token ICR DECR // ++ --
101%token LS RS // << >>
102%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
103%token ANDAND OROR // && ||
104%token ELLIPSIS // ...
105
106%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // *= /= %=/
107%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
108%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
109%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= |=
110
111%token ATassign // @=
112
113// Types declaration
114%union
115{
116 Token tok;
117 ParseNode *pn;
118 ExpressionNode *en;
119 DeclarationNode *decl;
120 DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
121 DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
122 StatementNode *sn;
123 ConstantExpr *constant;
124 ForCtl *fctl;
125 LabelNode *label;
126 InitializerNode *in;
127 OperKinds op;
128 std::string *str;
129 bool flag;
130}
131
132%type<tok> identifier no_01_identifier no_attr_identifier zero_one
133%type<tok> identifier_or_type_name no_attr_identifier_or_type_name no_01_identifier_or_type_name
134%type<constant> string_literal
135%type<str> string_literal_list
136
137// expressions
138%type<en> constant
139%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
140%type<op> ptrref_operator unary_operator assignment_operator
141%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
142%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
143%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
144%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
145%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
146%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
147%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression assignment_opt
148%type<fctl> for_control_expression
149%type<en> subrange
150%type<en> asm_operands_opt asm_operands_list asm_operand
151%type<label> label_list
152%type<en> asm_clobbers_list_opt
153%type<flag> asm_volatile_opt
154
155// statements
156%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
157%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
158%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
159%type<sn> statement statement_list
160%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
161%type<sn> case_clause
162%type<en> case_value
163%type<sn> case_value_list case_label case_label_list
164%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
165%type<sn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
166
167// declarations
168%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
169%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
170%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
171
172%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
173%type<decl> aggregate_name
174
175%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
176
177%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
178
179%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
180
181%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
182
183%type<decl> trait_declaration trait_declaration_list trait_declaring_list trait_specifier
184
185%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
186%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
187
188%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
189
190%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
191%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
192
193%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
194
195%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
196%type<en> field field_list
197
198%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
199
200%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
201%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
202
203%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
204%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
205%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
206
207%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
208
209%type<decl> new_trait_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
210%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
211
212%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
213%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
214
215%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
216
217%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
218
219%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
220%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
221
222%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
223%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
224
225%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_type
226
227%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_list
228
229%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
230
231%type<tclass> type_class
232%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
233
234%type<decl> typedef type_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
235%type<decl> type_function type_parameter_array type_parameter_function type_parameter_ptr
236%type<decl> type_parameter_redeclarator type_ptr variable_type_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
237%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier typegen_name
238
239%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
240%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
241
242%type<en> type_name_list
243
244%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
245
246%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
247%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
248
249%type<decl> attribute_list_opt attribute_list attribute
250
251// initializers
252%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
253
254// designators
255%type<en> designator designator_list designation
256
257
258// Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
259// is ambiguous:
260// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
261// if ( C ) S1 else S2
262// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
263
264%nonassoc THEN // rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
265%nonassoc ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement
266
267%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
268
269%%
270//************************* Namespace Management ********************************
271
272// The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal symbols
273// "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a purely context-free
274// grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic constructs. Hence, this
275// grammar uses the ANSI style.
276//
277// Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance, those
278// introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parametrized types. This latter
279// type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
280//
281// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context information, it
282// accesses a data structure (the TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that it has just read.
283// Semantic actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of identifiers change.
284//
285// Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its class in a
286// local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can be local to a
287// particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing between type names that are
288// local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of the declaration (i.e., names defined in
289// "typedef" or "type" declarations).
290//
291// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and closing of
292// scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do not always occur
293// within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly necessary from a semantic point
294// of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing conflicts -- the parser may not have
295// enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra
296// rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around
297// "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve conflicts of this sort.
298
299push:
300 { typedefTable.enterScope(); }
301 ;
302
303pop:
304 { typedefTable.leaveScope(); }
305 ;
306
307//************************* CONSTANTS ********************************
308
309constant:
310 // ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type "enumeration constant".
311 INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *$1 ) ); }
312 | FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
313 | CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantChar( *$1 ) ); }
314 ;
315
316identifier:
317 IDENTIFIER
318 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
319 | zero_one // CFA
320 ;
321
322no_01_identifier:
323 IDENTIFIER
324 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
325 ;
326
327no_attr_identifier:
328 IDENTIFIER
329 | zero_one // CFA
330 ;
331
332zero_one: // CFA
333 ZERO
334 | ONE
335 ;
336
337string_literal:
338 string_literal_list { $$ = build_constantStr( *$1 ); }
339 ;
340
341string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
342 STRINGliteral { $$ = $1; } // conversion from tok to str
343 | string_literal_list STRINGliteral
344 {
345 appendStr( $1, $2 ); // append 2nd juxtaposed string to 1st
346 delete $2; // allocated by lexer
347 $$ = $1; // conversion from tok to str
348 }
349 ;
350
351//************************* EXPRESSIONS ********************************
352
353primary_expression:
354 IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
355 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
356 | zero_one
357 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
358 | '(' comma_expression ')'
359 { $$ = $2; }
360 | '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
361 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_valexpr( $2 ) ); }
362 ;
363
364postfix_expression:
365 primary_expression
366 | postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
367 // CFA, comma_expression disallowed in this context because it results in a common user error: subscripting a
368 // matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards compatible, there seems to be
369 // little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is
370 // equivalent to the old x[i,j].
371 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Index, $1, $4 ) ); }
372 | postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
373 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( $1, $3 ) ); }
374 // ambiguity with .0 so space required after field-selection, e.g.
375 // struct S { int 0, 1; } s; s. 0 = 0; s. 1 = 1;
376 | postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
377 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
378 | postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
379 | postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
380 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
381 | postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
382 | postfix_expression ICR
383 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::IncrPost, $1 ) ); }
384 | postfix_expression DECR
385 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::DecrPost, $1 ) ); }
386 | '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // C99
387 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, new InitializerNode( $5, true ) ) ); }
388 | postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA
389 {
390 Token fn;
391 fn.str = new std::string( "?{}" ); // location undefined
392 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $1 )->set_last( $3 ) ) );
393 }
394 ;
395
396argument_expression_list:
397 argument_expression
398 | argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
399 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
400 ;
401
402argument_expression:
403 // empty
404 { $$ = 0; } // use default argument
405 | assignment_expression
406 ;
407
408field_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
409 field
410 | field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
411 ;
412
413field: // CFA, tuple field selector
414 no_attr_identifier
415 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
416 // ambiguity with .0 so space required after field-selection, e.g.
417 // struct S { int 0, 1; } s; s. 0 = 0; s. 1 = 1;
418 | no_attr_identifier '.' field
419 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $3, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
420 | no_attr_identifier '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
421 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $5, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
422 | no_attr_identifier ARROW field
423 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $3, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
424 | no_attr_identifier ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
425 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $5, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
426 ;
427
428unary_expression:
429 postfix_expression
430 // first location where constant/string can have operator applied: sizeof 3/sizeof "abc" still requires
431 // semantics checks, e.g., ++3, 3--, *3, &&3
432 | constant
433 { $$ = $1; }
434 | string_literal
435 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
436 | EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
437 { $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
438 // '*' ('&') is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
439 // { * X; } // dereference X
440 // { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
441 | ptrref_operator cast_expression // CFA
442 {
443 switch ( $1 ) {
444 case OperKinds::AddressOf:
445 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_addressOf( $2 ) );
446 break;
447 case OperKinds::PointTo:
448 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) );
449 break;
450 default:
451 assert( false );
452 }
453 }
454 | unary_operator cast_expression
455 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) ); }
456 | ICR unary_expression
457 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Incr, $2 ) ); }
458 | DECR unary_expression
459 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Decr, $2 ) ); }
460 | SIZEOF unary_expression
461 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_sizeOfexpr( $2 ) ); }
462 | SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
463 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_sizeOftype( $3 ) ); }
464 | ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
465 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_alignOfexpr( $2 ) ); }
466 | ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
467 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_alignOftype( $3 ) ); }
468 | OFFSETOF '(' type_name_no_function ',' no_attr_identifier ')'
469 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_offsetOf( $3, build_varref( $5 ) ) ); }
470 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER
471 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrexpr( build_varref( $1 ), nullptr ) ); }
472 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
473 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrexpr( build_varref( $1 ), $3 ) ); }
474 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
475 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrtype( build_varref( $1 ), $3 ) ); }
476// | ANDAND IDENTIFIER // GCC, address of label
477// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new OperatorNode( OperKinds::LabelAddress ), new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2, true ) ); }
478 ;
479
480ptrref_operator:
481 '*' { $$ = OperKinds::PointTo; }
482 | '&' { $$ = OperKinds::AddressOf; }
483 // GCC, address of label must be handled by semantic check for ref,ref,label
484// | ANDAND { $$ = OperKinds::And; }
485 ;
486
487unary_operator:
488 '+' { $$ = OperKinds::UnPlus; }
489 | '-' { $$ = OperKinds::UnMinus; }
490 | '!' { $$ = OperKinds::Neg; }
491 | '~' { $$ = OperKinds::BitNeg; }
492 ;
493
494cast_expression:
495 unary_expression
496 | '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
497 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
498 | '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
499 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
500 ;
501
502multiplicative_expression:
503 cast_expression
504 | multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
505 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mul, $1, $3 ) ); }
506 | multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
507 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Div, $1, $3 ) ); }
508 | multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
509 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mod, $1, $3 ) ); }
510 ;
511
512additive_expression:
513 multiplicative_expression
514 | additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
515 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Plus, $1, $3 ) ); }
516 | additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
517 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Minus, $1, $3 ) ); }
518 ;
519
520shift_expression:
521 additive_expression
522 | shift_expression LS additive_expression
523 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
524 | shift_expression RS additive_expression
525 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::RShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
526 ;
527
528relational_expression:
529 shift_expression
530 | relational_expression '<' shift_expression
531 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
532 | relational_expression '>' shift_expression
533 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
534 | relational_expression LE shift_expression
535 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
536 | relational_expression GE shift_expression
537 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
538 ;
539
540equality_expression:
541 relational_expression
542 | equality_expression EQ relational_expression
543 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Eq, $1, $3 ) ); }
544 | equality_expression NE relational_expression
545 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Neq, $1, $3 ) ); }
546 ;
547
548AND_expression:
549 equality_expression
550 | AND_expression '&' equality_expression
551 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitAnd, $1, $3 ) ); }
552 ;
553
554exclusive_OR_expression:
555 AND_expression
556 | exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
557 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Xor, $1, $3 ) ); }
558 ;
559
560inclusive_OR_expression:
561 exclusive_OR_expression
562 | inclusive_OR_expression '|' exclusive_OR_expression
563 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitOr, $1, $3 ) ); }
564 ;
565
566logical_AND_expression:
567 inclusive_OR_expression
568 | logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
569 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, true ) ); }
570 ;
571
572logical_OR_expression:
573 logical_AND_expression
574 | logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
575 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, false ) ); }
576 ;
577
578conditional_expression:
579 logical_OR_expression
580 | logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
581 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
582 // FIX ME: this hack computes $1 twice
583 | logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
584 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $1, $4 ) ); }
585 | logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple // CFA, tuple expression
586 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
587 ;
588
589constant_expression:
590 conditional_expression
591 ;
592
593assignment_expression:
594 // CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
595 conditional_expression
596 | unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
597 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_ptr( $2, $1, $3 ) ); }
598 | tuple assignment_opt // CFA, tuple expression
599 { $$ = ( $2 == 0 ) ? $1 : new ExpressionNode( build_binary_ptr( OperKinds::Assign, $1, $2 ) ); }
600 ;
601
602assignment_expression_opt:
603 // empty
604 { $$ = nullptr; }
605 | assignment_expression
606 ;
607
608assignment_operator:
609 '=' { $$ = OperKinds::Assign; }
610 | ATassign { $$ = OperKinds::AtAssn; }
611 | MULTassign { $$ = OperKinds::MulAssn; }
612 | DIVassign { $$ = OperKinds::DivAssn; }
613 | MODassign { $$ = OperKinds::ModAssn; }
614 | PLUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::PlusAssn; }
615 | MINUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::MinusAssn; }
616 | LSassign { $$ = OperKinds::LSAssn; }
617 | RSassign { $$ = OperKinds::RSAssn; }
618 | ANDassign { $$ = OperKinds::AndAssn; }
619 | ERassign { $$ = OperKinds::ERAssn; }
620 | ORassign { $$ = OperKinds::OrAssn; }
621 ;
622
623tuple: // CFA, tuple
624 // CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce conflict with
625 // comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and new_abstract_array
626 '[' ']'
627 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple() ); }
628 | '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
629 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( $3 ) ); }
630 | '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
631 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)(new ExpressionNode( nullptr ) )->set_last( $4 ) ) ); }
632 | '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
633 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $5 ) ) ); }
634 ;
635
636tuple_expression_list:
637 assignment_expression_opt
638 | tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
639 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
640 ;
641
642comma_expression:
643 assignment_expression
644 | comma_expression ',' assignment_expression
645 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_comma( $1, $3 ) ); }
646 ;
647
648comma_expression_opt:
649 // empty
650 { $$ = 0; }
651 | comma_expression
652 ;
653
654//*************************** STATEMENTS *******************************
655
656statement:
657 labeled_statement
658 | compound_statement
659 | expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
660 | selection_statement
661 | iteration_statement
662 | jump_statement
663 | exception_statement
664 | asm_statement
665 | '^' postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' ';' // CFA
666 {
667 Token fn;
668 fn.str = new std::string( "^?{}" ); // location undefined
669 $$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $2 )->set_last( $4 ) ) ) ) );
670 }
671 ;
672
673labeled_statement:
674 // labels cannot be identifiers 0 or 1
675 IDENTIFIER ':' attribute_list_opt statement
676 {
677 $$ = $4->add_label( $1 );
678 }
679 ;
680
681compound_statement:
682 '{' '}'
683 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)0 ) ); }
684 | '{'
685 // Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within the block also
686 // requires its own scope
687 push push
688 local_label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
689 block_item_list pop '}' // C99, intermix declarations and statements
690 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( $5 ) ); }
691 ;
692
693block_item_list: // C99
694 block_item
695 | block_item_list push block_item
696 { if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $3 ); $$ = $1; } }
697 ;
698
699block_item:
700 declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
701 { $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
702 | EXTENSION declaration // GCC
703 { // mark all fields in list
704 for ( DeclarationNode *iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() )
705 iter->set_extension( true );
706 $$ = new StatementNode( $2 );
707 }
708 | function_definition
709 { $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
710 | statement pop
711 ;
712
713statement_list:
714 statement
715 | statement_list statement
716 { if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; } }
717 ;
718
719expression_statement:
720 comma_expression_opt ';'
721 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( $1 ) ); }
722 ;
723
724selection_statement:
725 IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
726 // explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
727 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, nullptr ) ); }
728 | IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
729 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, $7 ) ); }
730 | SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
731 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $5 ) ); }
732 | SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
733 {
734 StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $8 ) );
735 // The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include associated initialization, which is performed
736 // *before* the transfer to the appropriate case clause by hoisting the declarations into a compound
737 // statement around the switch. Statements after the initial declaration list can never be executed, and
738 // therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C allows it. The change also applies to choose
739 // statement.
740 $$ = $7 != 0 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
741 }
742 | CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
743 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $5 ) ); }
744 | CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
745 {
746 StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $8 ) );
747 $$ = $7 != 0 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
748 }
749 ;
750
751// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a case
752// clause allows a list of values and subranges.
753
754case_value: // CFA
755 constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
756 | constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
757 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $1, $3 ) ); }
758 | subrange // CFA, subrange
759 ;
760
761case_value_list: // CFA
762 case_value { $$ = new StatementNode( build_case( $1 ) ); }
763 // convert case list, e.g., "case 1, 3, 5:" into "case 1: case 3: case 5"
764 | case_value_list ',' case_value { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_case( $3 ) ) ) ); }
765 ;
766
767case_label: // CFA
768 CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = $2; }
769 | DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( build_default() ); }
770 // A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
771 ;
772
773case_label_list: // CFA
774 case_label
775 | case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 )); }
776 ;
777
778case_clause: // CFA
779 case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
780 ;
781
782switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
783 // empty
784 { $$ = 0; }
785 | switch_clause_list
786 ;
787
788switch_clause_list: // CFA
789 case_label_list statement_list
790 { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
791 | switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
792 { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
793 ;
794
795choose_clause_list_opt: // CFA
796 // empty
797 { $$ = 0; }
798 | choose_clause_list
799 ;
800
801choose_clause_list: // CFA
802 case_label_list fall_through
803 { $$ = $1->append_last_case( $2 ); }
804 | case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
805 { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)$2->set_last( $3 ) ) ) ); }
806 | choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
807 { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( $3 ))); }
808 | choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
809 { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)$3->set_last( $4 ) ) ) ) ) ); }
810 ;
811
812fall_through_opt: // CFA
813 // empty
814 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); } // insert implicit break
815 | fall_through
816 ;
817
818fall_through: // CFA
819 FALLTHRU
820 { $$ = 0; }
821 | FALLTHRU ';'
822 { $$ = 0; }
823 ;
824
825iteration_statement:
826 WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
827 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $3, $5 ) ); }
828 | DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
829 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $5, $2 ) ); }
830 | FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
831 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_for( $4, $6 ) ); }
832 ;
833
834for_control_expression:
835 comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
836 { $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $4, $6 ); }
837 | declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99
838 { $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $2, $4 ); }
839 ;
840
841jump_statement:
842 GOTO IDENTIFIER ';'
843 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Goto ) ); }
844 | GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
845 // The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto *i+3; => goto *(i+3);
846 // whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (*i)+3;
847 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_computedgoto( $3 ) ); }
848 | CONTINUE ';'
849 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
850 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
851 | CONTINUE IDENTIFIER ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
852 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
853 // the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
854 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
855 | BREAK ';'
856 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
857 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
858 | BREAK IDENTIFIER ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
859 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
860 // the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
861 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
862 | RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
863 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_return( $2 ) ); }
864 | THROW assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles rethrow
865 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
866 | THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles reresume
867 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
868 | THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt AT assignment_expression ';' // handles reresume
869 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
870 ;
871
872exception_statement:
873 TRY compound_statement handler_list
874 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, 0 ) ); }
875 | TRY compound_statement finally_clause
876 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, 0, $3 ) ); }
877 | TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
878 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, $4 ) ); }
879 ;
880
881handler_list:
882 handler_clause
883 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6 ) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for its try block.
884 | CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
885 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $5, true ) ); }
886 | handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
887 { $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $6, true ) ) ); }
888 | CATCHRESUME '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
889 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $5, true ) ); }
890 | handler_clause CATCHRESUME '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
891 { $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $6, true ) ) ); }
892 ;
893
894handler_clause:
895 CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
896 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $5, $8 ) ); }
897 | handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
898 { $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $6, $9 ) ) ); }
899 | CATCHRESUME '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
900 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $5, $8 ) ); }
901 | handler_clause CATCHRESUME '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
902 { $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $6, $9 ) ) ); }
903 ;
904
905finally_clause:
906 FINALLY compound_statement
907 {
908 $$ = new StatementNode( build_finally( $2 ) );
909 }
910 ;
911
912exception_declaration:
913 // A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
914 //
915 // catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
916 //
917 // This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types.
918 type_specifier
919 | type_specifier declarator
920 {
921 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
922 $$ = $2->addType( $1 );
923 }
924 | type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
925 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
926 | new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
927 {
928 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
929 $$ = $1->addName( $2 );
930 }
931 | new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
932 ;
933
934asm_statement:
935 ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ')' ';'
936 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, 0 ) ); }
937 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
938 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
939 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
940 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
941 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ')' ';'
942 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8, $10 ) ); }
943 | ASM asm_volatile_opt GOTO '(' string_literal ':' ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ':' label_list ')' ';'
944 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $5, 0, $8, $10, $12 ) ); }
945 ;
946
947asm_volatile_opt: // GCC
948 // empty
949 { $$ = false; }
950 | VOLATILE
951 { $$ = true; }
952 ;
953
954asm_operands_opt: // GCC
955 // empty
956 { $$ = 0; } // use default argument
957 | asm_operands_list
958 ;
959
960asm_operands_list: // GCC
961 asm_operand
962 | asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
963 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
964 ;
965
966asm_operand: // GCC
967 string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
968 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_asmexpr( 0, $1, $3 ) ); }
969 | '[' constant_expression ']' string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
970 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_asmexpr( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
971 ;
972
973asm_clobbers_list_opt: // GCC
974 // empty
975 { $$ = 0; } // use default argument
976 | string_literal
977 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
978 | asm_clobbers_list_opt ',' string_literal
979 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( $3 ) ); }
980 ;
981
982label_list:
983 no_attr_identifier
984 {
985 $$ = new LabelNode(); $$->labels.push_back( *$1 );
986 delete $1; // allocated by lexer
987 }
988 | label_list ',' no_attr_identifier
989 {
990 $$ = $1; $1->labels.push_back( *$3 );
991 delete $3; // allocated by lexer
992 }
993 ;
994
995//******************************* DECLARATIONS *********************************
996
997declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
998 pop
999 { $$ = 0; }
1000 | declaration_list
1001 ;
1002
1003declaration_list:
1004 declaration
1005 | declaration_list push declaration
1006 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1007 ;
1008
1009old_declaration_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
1010 pop
1011 { $$ = 0; }
1012 | old_declaration_list
1013 ;
1014
1015old_declaration_list:
1016 old_declaration
1017 | old_declaration_list push old_declaration
1018 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1019 ;
1020
1021local_label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
1022 // empty
1023 | local_label_declaration_list
1024 ;
1025
1026local_label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
1027 LABEL local_label_list ';'
1028 | local_label_declaration_list LABEL local_label_list ';'
1029 ;
1030
1031local_label_list: // GCC, local label
1032 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
1033 | local_label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
1034 ;
1035
1036declaration: // CFA, new & old style declarations
1037 new_declaration
1038 | old_declaration
1039 ;
1040
1041// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and function
1042// declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places declaration modifiers to
1043// the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of the base type. CFA declaration
1044// modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type specification is distributed across all variables in
1045// the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program
1046// block, but cannot be mixed within a specific declaration.
1047//
1048// CFA C
1049// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
1050// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
1051
1052new_declaration: // CFA
1053 new_variable_declaration pop ';'
1054 | new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
1055 | new_function_declaration pop ';'
1056 | type_declaring_list pop ';'
1057 | trait_specifier pop ';'
1058 ;
1059
1060new_variable_declaration: // CFA
1061 new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
1062 {
1063 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1064 $$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 );
1065 }
1066 | declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
1067 // declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude
1068 // them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
1069 {
1070 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1071 $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 );;
1072 }
1073 | new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name initializer_opt
1074 {
1075 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
1076 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) );
1077 }
1078 ;
1079
1080new_variable_specifier: // CFA
1081 // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1082 // storage-class
1083 new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1084 {
1085 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
1086 $$ = $1->addName( $2 );
1087 }
1088 | new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1089 {
1090 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
1091 $$ = $1->addName( $2 );
1092 }
1093 | type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1094 {
1095 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
1096 $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
1097 }
1098 ;
1099
1100new_function_declaration: // CFA
1101 new_function_specifier
1102 {
1103 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1104 $$ = $1;
1105 }
1106 | type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
1107 {
1108 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1109 $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
1110 }
1111 | declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
1112 {
1113 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1114 $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
1115 }
1116 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
1117 {
1118 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1119 $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 );
1120 }
1121 | new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
1122 {
1123 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
1124 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1125 }
1126 ;
1127
1128new_function_specifier: // CFA
1129 '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // S/R conflict
1130 {
1131 $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0, true );
1132 }
1133// '[' ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1134// {
1135// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
1136// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1137// }
1138// | '[' ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1139// {
1140// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
1141// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1142// }
1143// | '[' ']' typegen_name
1144 // identifier_or_type_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
1145 //
1146 // '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
1147 // '[' ']' type_specifier
1148 //
1149 // type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g., typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this must be
1150 // flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce identifier_or_type_name.
1151 | new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1152 // To obtain LR(1 ), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see new_abstract_declarator).
1153 {
1154 $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
1155 }
1156 | new_function_return identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1157 {
1158 $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
1159 }
1160 ;
1161
1162new_function_return: // CFA
1163 '[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
1164 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
1165 | '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
1166 // To obtain LR(1 ), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to lookahead to the
1167 // ']'.
1168 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
1169 ;
1170
1171new_typedef_declaration: // CFA
1172 TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
1173 {
1174 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1175 $$ = $2->addTypedef();
1176 }
1177 | TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
1178 {
1179 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1180 $$ = $2->addTypedef();
1181 }
1182 | new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
1183 {
1184 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
1185 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1186 }
1187 ;
1188
1189// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is factored out as
1190// a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and initialization.
1191
1192typedef_declaration:
1193 TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
1194 {
1195 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1196 $$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
1197 }
1198 | typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
1199 {
1200 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1201 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
1202 }
1203 | type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
1204 {
1205 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1206 $$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
1207 }
1208 | type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
1209 {
1210 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1211 $$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
1212 }
1213 | type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
1214 {
1215 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1216 $$ = $4->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef()->addType( $1 );
1217 }
1218 ;
1219
1220typedef_expression:
1221 // GCC, naming expression type: typedef name = exp; gives a name to the type of an expression
1222 TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1223 {
1224 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD );
1225 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
1226 }
1227 | typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1228 {
1229 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
1230 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
1231 }
1232 ;
1233
1234old_declaration:
1235 declaring_list pop ';'
1236 | typedef_declaration pop ';'
1237 | typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
1238 | sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
1239 ;
1240
1241declaring_list:
1242 // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1243 // storage-class
1244 declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1245 {
1246 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1247 $$ = ( $2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer( $4 );
1248 }
1249 | declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1250 {
1251 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1252 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer( $6 ) ) );
1253 }
1254 ;
1255
1256declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
1257 basic_declaration_specifier
1258 | sue_declaration_specifier
1259 | typedef_declaration_specifier
1260 | typegen_declaration_specifier
1261 ;
1262
1263type_specifier: // declaration specifier - storage class
1264 basic_type_specifier
1265 | sue_type_specifier
1266 | typedef_type_specifier
1267 | typegen_type_specifier
1268 ;
1269
1270type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
1271 // empty
1272 { $$ = 0; }
1273 | type_qualifier_list
1274 ;
1275
1276type_qualifier_list:
1277 // A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of declaration.
1278 //
1279 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4 ) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
1280 // specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as if it
1281 // appeared only once.
1282 type_qualifier
1283 | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
1284 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1285 ;
1286
1287type_qualifier:
1288 type_qualifier_name
1289 | attribute
1290 //{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
1291 ;
1292
1293type_qualifier_name:
1294 CONST
1295 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
1296 | RESTRICT
1297 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
1298 | VOLATILE
1299 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
1300 | LVALUE // CFA
1301 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
1302 | ATOMIC
1303 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Atomic ); }
1304 | FORALL '('
1305 {
1306 typedefTable.enterScope();
1307 }
1308 type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
1309 {
1310 typedefTable.leaveScope();
1311 $$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
1312 }
1313 ;
1314
1315declaration_qualifier_list:
1316 storage_class_list
1317 | type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
1318 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1319 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
1320 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1321 ;
1322
1323storage_class_list:
1324 // A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration and that
1325 // only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
1326 //
1327 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the declaration
1328 // specifiers in a declaration.
1329 storage_class
1330 | storage_class_list storage_class
1331 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1332 ;
1333
1334storage_class:
1335 EXTERN
1336 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
1337 | STATIC
1338 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
1339 | AUTO
1340 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
1341 | REGISTER
1342 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
1343 | INLINE // C99
1344 //{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
1345 { $$ = new DeclarationNode; $$->isInline = true; }
1346 | FORTRAN // C99
1347 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
1348 | NORETURN // C11
1349 //{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Noreturn ); }
1350 { $$ = new DeclarationNode; $$->isNoreturn = true; }
1351 | THREADLOCAL // C11
1352 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Threadlocal ); }
1353 ;
1354
1355basic_type_name:
1356 CHAR
1357 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
1358 | DOUBLE
1359 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
1360 | FLOAT
1361 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
1362 | INT
1363 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
1364 | LONG
1365 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
1366 | SHORT
1367 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
1368 | SIGNED
1369 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
1370 | UNSIGNED
1371 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
1372 | VOID
1373 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
1374 | BOOL // C99
1375 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
1376 | COMPLEX // C99
1377 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
1378 | IMAGINARY // C99
1379 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
1380 | VALIST // GCC, __builtin_va_list
1381 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Valist ); }
1382 ;
1383
1384basic_declaration_specifier:
1385 // A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
1386 basic_type_specifier
1387 | declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
1388 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1389 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1390 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1391 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1392 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1393 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
1394 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
1395 ;
1396
1397basic_type_specifier:
1398 direct_type_name
1399 | type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
1400 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1401 ;
1402
1403direct_type_name:
1404 // A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers.
1405 basic_type_name
1406 | type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
1407 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1408 | direct_type_name type_qualifier
1409 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1410 | direct_type_name basic_type_name
1411 { $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
1412 ;
1413
1414indirect_type_name:
1415 TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
1416 { $$ = $3; }
1417 | TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
1418 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
1419 | ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
1420 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1421 | ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
1422 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1423 ;
1424
1425sue_declaration_specifier:
1426 sue_type_specifier
1427 | declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
1428 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1429 | sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1430 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1431 | sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1432 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1433 ;
1434
1435sue_type_specifier:
1436 elaborated_type_name // struct, union, enum
1437 | type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
1438 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1439 | sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
1440 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1441 ;
1442
1443typedef_declaration_specifier:
1444 typedef_type_specifier
1445 | declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
1446 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1447 | typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1448 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1449 | typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1450 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1451 ;
1452
1453typedef_type_specifier: // typedef types
1454 TYPEDEFname
1455 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
1456 | type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
1457 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1458 | typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
1459 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1460 ;
1461
1462elaborated_type_name:
1463 aggregate_name
1464 | enum_name
1465 ;
1466
1467aggregate_name:
1468 aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
1469 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, 0, $3, true ); }
1470 | aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1471 {
1472 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 );
1473 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, false );
1474 }
1475 | aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1476 { typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 ); }
1477 '{' field_declaration_list '}'
1478 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, $5, true ); }
1479 | aggregate_key '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
1480 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $3, $6, false ); }
1481 | aggregate_key typegen_name // CFA, S/R conflict
1482 { $$ = $2; }
1483 ;
1484
1485aggregate_key:
1486 STRUCT attribute_list_opt
1487 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
1488 | UNION attribute_list_opt
1489 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
1490 ;
1491
1492field_declaration_list:
1493 // empty
1494 { $$ = 0; }
1495 | field_declaration_list field_declaration
1496 { $$ = $1 != 0 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
1497 ;
1498
1499field_declaration:
1500 new_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
1501 | EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
1502 { $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
1503 | field_declaring_list ';'
1504 | EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
1505 { // mark all fields in list
1506 for ( DeclarationNode *iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() )
1507 iter->set_extension( true );
1508 $$ = $2;
1509 }
1510 ;
1511
1512new_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
1513 new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA, no field name
1514 | new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1515 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1516 | new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1517 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
1518 | new_field_declaring_list ',' // CFA, no field name
1519 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
1520 ;
1521
1522field_declaring_list:
1523 type_specifier field_declarator
1524 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1525 | field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
1526 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
1527 ;
1528
1529field_declarator:
1530 // empty
1531 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ } // CFA, no field name
1532 | bit_subrange_size // no field name
1533 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
1534 | variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
1535 // A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
1536 { $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
1537 | variable_type_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
1538 // A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
1539 { $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
1540 | variable_abstract_declarator // CFA, no field name
1541 ;
1542
1543bit_subrange_size_opt:
1544 // empty
1545 { $$ = 0; }
1546 | bit_subrange_size
1547 { $$ = $1; }
1548 ;
1549
1550bit_subrange_size:
1551 ':' constant_expression
1552 { $$ = $2; }
1553 ;
1554
1555enum_key:
1556 ENUM attribute_list_opt
1557 ;
1558
1559enum_name:
1560 enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
1561 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( 0, $3 ); }
1562 | enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1563 {
1564 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 );
1565 $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 );
1566 }
1567 | enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1568 { typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 ); }
1569 '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
1570 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $5 ); }
1571 ;
1572
1573enumerator_list:
1574 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
1575 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
1576 | enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
1577 { $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
1578 ;
1579
1580enumerator_value_opt:
1581 // empty
1582 { $$ = 0; }
1583 | '=' constant_expression
1584 { $$ = $2; }
1585 ;
1586
1587// Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end.
1588
1589new_parameter_type_list_opt: // CFA
1590 // empty
1591 { $$ = 0; }
1592 | new_parameter_type_list
1593 ;
1594
1595new_parameter_type_list: // CFA, abstract + real
1596 new_abstract_parameter_list
1597 | new_parameter_list
1598 | new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
1599 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1600 | new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1601 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1602 | new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1603 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1604 ;
1605
1606new_parameter_list: // CFA
1607 // To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last new_abstract_parameter_list is
1608 // factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get lookahead to the ']'.
1609 new_parameter_declaration
1610 | new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1611 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1612 | new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1613 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1614 | new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
1615 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
1616 ;
1617
1618new_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
1619 new_abstract_parameter_declaration
1620 | new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
1621 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1622 ;
1623
1624parameter_type_list_opt:
1625 // empty
1626 { $$ = 0; }
1627 | parameter_type_list
1628 ;
1629
1630parameter_type_list:
1631 parameter_list
1632 | parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
1633 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
1634 ;
1635
1636parameter_list: // abstract + real
1637 abstract_parameter_declaration
1638 | parameter_declaration
1639 | parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
1640 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1641 | parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
1642 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
1643 ;
1644
1645// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different semantics
1646// for typedef name by using type_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and function prototypes.
1647
1648new_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
1649 parameter_declaration
1650 | new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
1651 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1652 | new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
1653 // To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
1654 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1655 | type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
1656 { $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1657 | new_function_specifier
1658 ;
1659
1660new_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
1661 abstract_parameter_declaration
1662 | new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
1663 | new_abstract_tuple
1664 // To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
1665 | type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
1666 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1667 | new_abstract_function
1668 ;
1669
1670parameter_declaration:
1671 declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
1672 {
1673 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1674 $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
1675 }
1676 | declaration_specifier type_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
1677 {
1678 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1679 $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
1680 }
1681 ;
1682
1683abstract_parameter_declaration:
1684 declaration_specifier
1685 | declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
1686 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1687 ;
1688
1689// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
1690// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is based only on
1691// identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
1692
1693identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
1694 no_attr_identifier
1695 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
1696 | identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
1697 { $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
1698 ;
1699
1700identifier_or_type_name:
1701 identifier
1702 | TYPEDEFname
1703 | TYPEGENname
1704 ;
1705
1706no_01_identifier_or_type_name:
1707 no_01_identifier
1708 | TYPEDEFname
1709 | TYPEGENname
1710 ;
1711
1712no_attr_identifier_or_type_name:
1713 no_attr_identifier
1714 | TYPEDEFname
1715 | TYPEGENname
1716 ;
1717
1718type_name_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
1719 new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
1720 | type_specifier
1721 | type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
1722 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1723 ;
1724
1725type_name: // typeof, assertion
1726 new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
1727 | new_abstract_function // CFA
1728 | type_specifier
1729 | type_specifier abstract_declarator
1730 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1731 ;
1732
1733initializer_opt:
1734 // empty
1735 { $$ = 0; }
1736 | '=' initializer
1737 { $$ = $2; }
1738 | ATassign initializer
1739 { $$ = $2->set_maybeConstructed( false ); }
1740 ;
1741
1742initializer:
1743 assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode( $1 ); }
1744 | '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode( $2, true ); }
1745 ;
1746
1747initializer_list:
1748 // empty
1749 { $$ = 0; }
1750 | initializer
1751 | designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
1752 | initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 ) ); }
1753 | initializer_list ',' designation initializer
1754 { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $4->set_designators( $3 ) ) ); }
1755 ;
1756
1757// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is use of
1758// '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
1759//
1760// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
1761//
1762// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this case, CFA
1763// changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC does uses ":" for
1764// field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be supported either due to
1765// shift/reduce conflicts
1766
1767designation:
1768 designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
1769 | no_attr_identifier_or_type_name ':' // GCC, field name
1770 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
1771 ;
1772
1773designator_list: // C99
1774 designator
1775 | designator_list designator
1776 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 ) ); }
1777 //| designator_list designator { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1, $2 ); }
1778 ;
1779
1780designator:
1781 '.' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name // C99, field name
1782 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2 ) ); }
1783 | '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
1784 // assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with tuple.
1785 { $$ = $3; }
1786 | '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
1787 { $$ = $3; }
1788 | '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
1789 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $3, $5 ) ); }
1790 | '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
1791 { $$ = $4; }
1792 ;
1793
1794// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type parameters,
1795// rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
1796//
1797// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
1798//
1799// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used for object
1800// and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with initializers provide
1801// definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide opaque types.
1802//
1803// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at the call
1804// site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
1805//
1806// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
1807// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble subclass
1808// hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare that a type or
1809// types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used to declare requirements
1810// on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
1811
1812typegen_declaration_specifier: // CFA
1813 typegen_type_specifier
1814 | declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
1815 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1816 | typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1817 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1818 | typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1819 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1820 ;
1821
1822typegen_type_specifier: // CFA
1823 typegen_name
1824 | type_qualifier_list typegen_name
1825 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1826 | typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
1827 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1828 ;
1829
1830typegen_name: // CFA
1831 TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
1832 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
1833 ;
1834
1835type_parameter_list: // CFA
1836 type_parameter assignment_opt
1837 | type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
1838 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1839 ;
1840
1841type_parameter: // CFA
1842 type_class no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1843 { typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD ); }
1844 assertion_list_opt
1845 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
1846 | type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
1847 ;
1848
1849type_class: // CFA
1850 OTYPE
1851 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Type; }
1852 | DTYPE
1853 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
1854 | FTYPE
1855 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
1856 ;
1857
1858assertion_list_opt: // CFA
1859 // empty
1860 { $$ = 0; }
1861 | assertion_list_opt assertion
1862 { $$ = $1 != 0 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
1863 ;
1864
1865assertion: // CFA
1866 '|' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_name_list ')'
1867 {
1868 typedefTable.openTrait( *$2 );
1869 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTraitUse( $2, $4 );
1870 }
1871 | '|' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}'
1872 { $$ = $4; }
1873 | '|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
1874 { $$ = 0; }
1875 ;
1876
1877type_name_list: // CFA
1878 type_name
1879 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_typevalue( $1 ) ); }
1880 | assignment_expression
1881 | type_name_list ',' type_name
1882 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( build_typevalue( $3 ) ) ) ); }
1883 | type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
1884 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
1885 ;
1886
1887type_declaring_list: // CFA
1888 OTYPE type_declarator
1889 { $$ = $2; }
1890 | storage_class_list OTYPE type_declarator
1891 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1892 | type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
1893 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
1894 ;
1895
1896type_declarator: // CFA
1897 type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
1898 { $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
1899 | type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
1900 { $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
1901 ;
1902
1903type_declarator_name: // CFA
1904 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1905 {
1906 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TD );
1907 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
1908 }
1909 | no_01_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
1910 {
1911 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TG );
1912 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
1913 }
1914 ;
1915
1916trait_specifier: // CFA
1917 TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
1918 {
1919 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
1920 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, 0 );
1921 }
1922 | TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
1923 {
1924 typedefTable.enterTrait( *$2 );
1925 typedefTable.enterScope();
1926 }
1927 trait_declaration_list '}'
1928 {
1929 typedefTable.leaveTrait();
1930 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
1931 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, $10 );
1932 }
1933 ;
1934
1935trait_declaration_list: // CFA
1936 trait_declaration
1937 | trait_declaration_list push trait_declaration
1938 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1939 ;
1940
1941trait_declaration: // CFA
1942 new_trait_declaring_list pop ';'
1943 | trait_declaring_list pop ';'
1944 ;
1945
1946new_trait_declaring_list: // CFA
1947 new_variable_specifier
1948 {
1949 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
1950 $$ = $1;
1951 }
1952 | new_function_specifier
1953 {
1954 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
1955 $$ = $1;
1956 }
1957 | new_trait_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
1958 {
1959 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
1960 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1961 }
1962 ;
1963
1964trait_declaring_list: // CFA
1965 type_specifier declarator
1966 {
1967 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
1968 $$ = $2->addType( $1 );
1969 }
1970 | trait_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
1971 {
1972 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
1973 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
1974 }
1975 ;
1976
1977//***************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS *****************************
1978
1979translation_unit:
1980 // empty
1981 {} // empty input file
1982 | external_definition_list
1983 { parseTree = parseTree != nullptr ? parseTree->appendList( $1 ) : $1; }
1984 ;
1985
1986external_definition_list:
1987 external_definition
1988 | external_definition_list push external_definition
1989 { $$ = $1 != nullptr ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
1990 ;
1991
1992external_definition_list_opt:
1993 // empty
1994 { $$ = 0; }
1995 | external_definition_list
1996 ;
1997
1998external_definition:
1999 declaration
2000 | external_function_definition
2001 | asm_statement // GCC, global assembler statement
2002 {}
2003 | EXTERN STRINGliteral
2004 {
2005 linkageStack.push( linkage ); // handle nested extern "C"/"Cforall"
2006 linkage = LinkageSpec::fromString( *$2 );
2007 }
2008 '{' external_definition_list_opt '}' // C++-style linkage specifier
2009 {
2010 linkage = linkageStack.top();
2011 linkageStack.pop();
2012 $$ = $5;
2013 }
2014 | EXTENSION external_definition
2015 { // mark all fields in list
2016 for ( DeclarationNode *iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() )
2017 iter->set_extension( true );
2018 $$ = $2;
2019 }
2020 ;
2021
2022external_function_definition:
2023 function_definition
2024 // These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant amount of
2025 // legacy code with global functions missing the type-specifier for the return type, and assuming "int".
2026 // Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested
2027 // functions preclude this concession, i.e., all nested function must have a return type). A function prototype
2028 // declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2029 | function_declarator compound_statement
2030 {
2031 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2032 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2033 $$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
2034 }
2035 | old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
2036 {
2037 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2038 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2039 $$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
2040 }
2041 ;
2042
2043function_definition:
2044 new_function_declaration compound_statement // CFA
2045 {
2046 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2047 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2048 $$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
2049 }
2050 | declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
2051 {
2052 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2053 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2054 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
2055 }
2056 | type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
2057 {
2058 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2059 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2060 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2061 }
2062 | declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
2063 {
2064 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2065 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2066 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2067 }
2068 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
2069 {
2070 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2071 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2072 $$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2073 }
2074
2075 // Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
2076 | declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
2077 {
2078 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2079 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2080 $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
2081 }
2082 | type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
2083 {
2084 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2085 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2086 $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2087 }
2088
2089 // Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
2090 | declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
2091 {
2092 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2093 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2094 $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2095 }
2096 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
2097 {
2098 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2099 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2100 $$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2101 }
2102 ;
2103
2104declarator:
2105 variable_declarator
2106 | variable_type_redeclarator
2107 | function_declarator
2108 ;
2109
2110subrange:
2111 constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
2112 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $1, $3 ) ); }
2113 ;
2114
2115asm_name_opt: // GCC
2116 // empty
2117 | ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt { delete $3; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
2118 ;
2119
2120attribute_list_opt: // GCC
2121 // empty
2122 { $$ = 0; }
2123 | attribute_list
2124 ;
2125
2126attribute_list: // GCC
2127 attribute
2128 | attribute_list attribute
2129 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2130 ;
2131
2132attribute: // GCC
2133 ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
2134 // { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
2135 { $$ = 0; }
2136 ;
2137
2138attribute_parameter_list: // GCC
2139 attrib
2140 | attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
2141 ;
2142
2143attrib: // GCC
2144 // empty
2145 | any_word
2146 | any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')' { delete $3; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
2147 ;
2148
2149any_word: // GCC
2150 identifier_or_type_name { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
2151 | storage_class { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
2152 | basic_type_name { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
2153 | type_qualifier { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
2154 ;
2155
2156// ============================================================================
2157// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are necessary
2158// because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage in an expression, as
2159// in:
2160//
2161// int (*f())[10] { ... };
2162// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
2163//
2164// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some or all of
2165// the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a particular context.
2166// ============================================================================
2167
2168// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2169// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of declarators
2170// to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
2171//
2172// valid declaration invalid definition
2173// ----------------- ------------------
2174// int f; int f {}
2175// int *f; int *f {}
2176// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
2177// int (*f)(int); int (*f)(int) {}
2178//
2179// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function declarators, hence
2180// variable_declarator and function_declarator.
2181// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2182
2183// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern precludes
2184// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
2185
2186variable_declarator:
2187 paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2188 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2189 | variable_ptr
2190 | variable_array attribute_list_opt
2191 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2192 | variable_function attribute_list_opt
2193 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2194 ;
2195
2196paren_identifier:
2197 identifier
2198 {
2199 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
2200 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2201 }
2202 | '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
2203 { $$ = $2; }
2204 ;
2205
2206variable_ptr:
2207 ptrref_operator variable_declarator
2208 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2209 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
2210 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2211 | '(' variable_ptr ')'
2212 { $$ = $2; }
2213 ;
2214
2215variable_array:
2216 paren_identifier array_dimension
2217 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2218 | '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
2219 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2220 | '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2221 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2222 | '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2223 { $$ = $2; }
2224 ;
2225
2226variable_function:
2227 '(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2228 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2229 | '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2230 { $$ = $2; }
2231 ;
2232
2233// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. For non-nested functions, there is
2234// no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name, i.e., the typedef and function name cannot exist
2235// is the same scope. The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2236
2237function_declarator:
2238 function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
2239 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2240 | function_ptr
2241 | function_array attribute_list_opt
2242 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2243 ;
2244
2245function_no_ptr:
2246 paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2247 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2248 | '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2249 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2250 | '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
2251 { $$ = $2; }
2252 ;
2253
2254function_ptr:
2255 ptrref_operator function_declarator
2256 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2257 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list function_declarator
2258 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2259 | '(' function_ptr ')'
2260 { $$ = $2; }
2261 ;
2262
2263function_array:
2264 '(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2265 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2266 | '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2267 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2268 | '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2269 { $$ = $2; }
2270 ;
2271
2272// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a typedef name
2273// (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus
2274// pointers to arrays and functions.
2275
2276old_function_declarator:
2277 old_function_no_ptr
2278 | old_function_ptr
2279 | old_function_array
2280 ;
2281
2282old_function_no_ptr:
2283 paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
2284 { $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
2285 | '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
2286 { $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
2287 | '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
2288 { $$ = $2; }
2289 ;
2290
2291old_function_ptr:
2292 ptrref_operator old_function_declarator
2293 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2294 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
2295 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2296 | '(' old_function_ptr ')'
2297 { $$ = $2; }
2298 ;
2299
2300old_function_array:
2301 '(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2302 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2303 | '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2304 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2305 | '(' old_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2306 { $$ = $2; }
2307 ;
2308
2309// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a type name, e.g.:
2310//
2311// typedef int foo;
2312// {
2313// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
2314// }
2315//
2316// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2317// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2318
2319variable_type_redeclarator:
2320 paren_type attribute_list_opt
2321 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2322 | type_ptr
2323 | type_array attribute_list_opt
2324 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2325 | type_function attribute_list_opt
2326 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2327 ;
2328
2329paren_type:
2330 typedef
2331 | '(' paren_type ')'
2332 { $$ = $2; }
2333 ;
2334
2335type_ptr:
2336 ptrref_operator variable_type_redeclarator
2337 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2338 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_type_redeclarator
2339 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2340 | '(' type_ptr ')'
2341 { $$ = $2; }
2342 ;
2343
2344type_array:
2345 paren_type array_dimension
2346 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2347 | '(' type_ptr ')' array_dimension
2348 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2349 | '(' type_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2350 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2351 | '(' type_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2352 { $$ = $2; }
2353 ;
2354
2355type_function:
2356 paren_type '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2357 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2358 | '(' type_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2359 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2360 | '(' type_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2361 { $$ = $2; }
2362 ;
2363
2364// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a typedef
2365// name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern precludes declaring an
2366// array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to
2367// arrays and functions.
2368
2369identifier_parameter_declarator:
2370 paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2371 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2372 | identifier_parameter_ptr
2373 | identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2374 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2375 | identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2376 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2377 ;
2378
2379identifier_parameter_ptr:
2380 ptrref_operator identifier_parameter_declarator
2381 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2382 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
2383 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2384 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
2385 { $$ = $2; }
2386 ;
2387
2388identifier_parameter_array:
2389 paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
2390 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2391 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
2392 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2393 | '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2394 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2395 | '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2396 { $$ = $2; }
2397 ;
2398
2399identifier_parameter_function:
2400 paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2401 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2402 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2403 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2404 | '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2405 { $$ = $2; }
2406 ;
2407
2408// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a typedef name,
2409// e.g.:
2410//
2411// typedef int foo;
2412// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
2413//
2414// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern handles the
2415// special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
2416//
2417// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
2418// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
2419// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
2420//
2421// For example:
2422//
2423// typedef float T;
2424// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
2425// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
2426// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
2427// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
2428//
2429// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type list, and
2430// not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes declaring an array of
2431// functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and
2432// functions.
2433
2434type_parameter_redeclarator:
2435 typedef attribute_list_opt
2436 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2437 | type_parameter_ptr
2438 | type_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2439 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2440 | type_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2441 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2442 ;
2443
2444typedef:
2445 TYPEDEFname
2446 {
2447 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
2448 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2449 }
2450 | TYPEGENname
2451 {
2452 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
2453 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2454 }
2455 ;
2456
2457type_parameter_ptr:
2458 ptrref_operator type_parameter_redeclarator
2459 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2460 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list type_parameter_redeclarator
2461 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2462 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')'
2463 { $$ = $2; }
2464 ;
2465
2466type_parameter_array:
2467 typedef array_parameter_dimension
2468 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2469 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
2470 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2471 ;
2472
2473type_parameter_function:
2474 typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2475 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2476 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2477 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2478 ;
2479
2480// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no identifier to
2481// which the type applies, e.g.:
2482//
2483// sizeof( int );
2484// sizeof( int [10] );
2485//
2486// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2487// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2488
2489abstract_declarator:
2490 abstract_ptr
2491 | abstract_array attribute_list_opt
2492 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2493 | abstract_function attribute_list_opt
2494 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2495 ;
2496
2497abstract_ptr:
2498 ptrref_operator
2499 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2500 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
2501 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2502 | ptrref_operator abstract_declarator
2503 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2504 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
2505 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2506 | '(' abstract_ptr ')'
2507 { $$ = $2; }
2508 ;
2509
2510abstract_array:
2511 array_dimension
2512 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
2513 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2514 | '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2515 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2516 | '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2517 { $$ = $2; }
2518 ;
2519
2520abstract_function:
2521 '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2522 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
2523 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2524 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2525 | '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2526 { $$ = $2; }
2527 ;
2528
2529array_dimension:
2530 // Only the first dimension can be empty.
2531 '[' ']'
2532 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
2533 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension
2534 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $3 ); }
2535 | multi_array_dimension
2536 ;
2537
2538multi_array_dimension:
2539 '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
2540 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
2541 | '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
2542 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
2543 | multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
2544 { $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
2545 | multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
2546 { $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
2547 ;
2548
2549// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
2550// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
2551//
2552// int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
2553// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
2554//
2555// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2556// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2557
2558abstract_parameter_declarator:
2559 abstract_parameter_ptr
2560 | abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2561 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2562 | abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2563 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2564 ;
2565
2566abstract_parameter_ptr:
2567 ptrref_operator
2568 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2569 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
2570 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2571 | ptrref_operator abstract_parameter_declarator
2572 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2573 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
2574 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2575 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
2576 { $$ = $2; }
2577 ;
2578
2579abstract_parameter_array:
2580 array_parameter_dimension
2581 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
2582 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2583 | '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2584 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2585 | '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2586 { $$ = $2; }
2587 ;
2588
2589abstract_parameter_function:
2590 '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2591 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
2592 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2593 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2594 | '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2595 { $$ = $2; }
2596 ;
2597
2598array_parameter_dimension:
2599 // Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
2600 array_parameter_1st_dimension
2601 | array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
2602 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2603 | multi_array_dimension
2604 ;
2605
2606// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
2607//
2608// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall appear only in
2609// a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the outermost array type derivation."
2610
2611array_parameter_1st_dimension:
2612 '[' ']'
2613 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
2614 // multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
2615 | '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
2616 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
2617 | '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
2618 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
2619 // multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
2620 | '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2621 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
2622 | '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
2623 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
2624 | '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
2625 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
2626 ;
2627
2628// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type applies,
2629// e.g.:
2630//
2631// sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
2632//
2633// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2634// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2635
2636variable_abstract_declarator:
2637 variable_abstract_ptr
2638 | variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
2639 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2640 | variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
2641 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2642 ;
2643
2644variable_abstract_ptr:
2645 ptrref_operator
2646 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
2647 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
2648 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
2649 | ptrref_operator variable_abstract_declarator
2650 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2651 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
2652 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
2653 | '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
2654 { $$ = $2; }
2655 ;
2656
2657variable_abstract_array:
2658 array_dimension
2659 | '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
2660 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2661 | '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2662 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2663 | '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2664 { $$ = $2; }
2665 ;
2666
2667variable_abstract_function:
2668 '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2669 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2670 | '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2671 { $$ = $2; }
2672 ;
2673
2674// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either an
2675// identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
2676
2677new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
2678 new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
2679 | new_abstract_tuple
2680 | type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
2681 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2682 ;
2683
2684new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
2685 new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2686 | new_identifier_parameter_array
2687 ;
2688
2689new_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
2690 ptrref_operator type_specifier
2691 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2692 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
2693 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2694 | ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
2695 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2696 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
2697 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2698 | ptrref_operator new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
2699 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2700 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
2701 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2702 ;
2703
2704new_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
2705 // Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
2706 // shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
2707 '[' ']' type_specifier
2708 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2709 | new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
2710 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2711 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2712 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2713 | new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2714 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2715 | multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2716 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2717 | '[' ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2718 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2719 | new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2720 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2721 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2722 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2723 | new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2724 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2725 | multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
2726 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2727 ;
2728
2729new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
2730 '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
2731 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
2732 | '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2733 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
2734 | '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2735 // declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
2736 // assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
2737 // appear in this context.
2738 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
2739 | '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
2740 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
2741 ;
2742
2743// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
2744// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
2745//
2746// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
2747// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
2748//
2749// These rules need LR(3):
2750//
2751// new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name
2752// '[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
2753//
2754// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
2755//
2756// [int, int] t;
2757// [int, int] f( int );
2758//
2759// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_type_name to know when to reduce
2760// new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the necessary
2761// lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and tuple declarations are
2762// duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier.
2763
2764new_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
2765 new_abstract_tuple
2766 | type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
2767 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2768 | new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
2769 ;
2770
2771new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
2772 new_abstract_ptr
2773 | new_abstract_array
2774 ;
2775
2776new_abstract_ptr: // CFA
2777 ptrref_operator type_specifier
2778 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2779 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
2780 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2781 | ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
2782 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2783 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
2784 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2785 | ptrref_operator new_abstract_declarator_tuple
2786 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
2787 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_declarator_tuple
2788 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
2789 ;
2790
2791new_abstract_array: // CFA
2792 // Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce conflict with
2793 // empty (void) function return type.
2794 '[' ']' type_specifier
2795 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2796 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2797 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2798 | multi_array_dimension type_specifier
2799 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2800 | '[' ']' new_abstract_ptr
2801 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2802 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
2803 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
2804 | multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
2805 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
2806 ;
2807
2808new_abstract_tuple: // CFA
2809 '[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
2810 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
2811 ;
2812
2813new_abstract_function: // CFA
2814 '[' ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
2815 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $4, 0 ); }
2816 | new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2817 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
2818 | new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2819 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
2820 ;
2821
2822// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration specifiers in
2823// each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and type name."
2824//
2825// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the beginning of
2826// the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
2827//
2828// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
2829// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
2830//
2831// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter identifier and
2832// declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an obsolescent feature.
2833
2834//************************* MISCELLANEOUS ********************************
2835
2836comma_opt: // redundant comma
2837 // empty
2838 | ','
2839 ;
2840
2841assignment_opt:
2842 // empty
2843 { $$ = 0; }
2844 | '=' assignment_expression
2845 { $$ = $2; }
2846 ;
2847
2848%%
2849// ----end of grammar----
2850
2851extern char *yytext;
2852
2853void yyerror( const char * ) {
2854 std::cout << "Error ";
2855 if ( yyfilename ) {
2856 std::cout << "in file " << yyfilename << " ";
2857 } // if
2858 std::cout << "at line " << yylineno << " reading token \"" << (yytext[0] == '\0' ? "EOF" : yytext) << "\"" << std::endl;
2859}
2860
2861// Local Variables: //
2862// mode: c++ //
2863// tab-width: 4 //
2864// compile-command: "make install" //
2865// End: //
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