source: src/Parser/parser.yy@ 71b50f36

ADT aaron-thesis arm-eh ast-experimental cleanup-dtors deferred_resn demangler enum forall-pointer-decay jacob/cs343-translation jenkins-sandbox new-ast new-ast-unique-expr new-env no_list persistent-indexer pthread-emulation qualifiedEnum with_gc
Last change on this file since 71b50f36 was 9997fee, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 8 years ago

start anonymous type-variables and qualifier-distribution block

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1//
2// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
3//
4// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6//
7// parser.yy --
8//
9// Author : Peter A. Buhr
10// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
11// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12// Last Modified On : Sat Apr 28 09:37:03 2018
13// Update Count : 3201
14//
15
16// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the C
17// grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts have been
18// copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to constitute a new grammar.
19// In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it parses less incorrect language syntax
20// that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless, there are still several semantic checks
21// required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
22
23// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got stuck with
24// the grammar.
25
26// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
27//
28// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
29//
30// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar also has
31// two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
32//
33// 1. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
34// 2. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
35//
36// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for Cforall
37// (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language concepts. All of the
38// syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above, there is one unreconcileable
39// parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is discussed in detail before the "designation"
40// grammar rule.
41
42%{
43#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
44#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
45#define YYERROR_VERBOSE // more information in syntax errors
46
47#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
48
49#include <cstdio>
50#include <stack>
51using namespace std;
52
53#include "ParseNode.h"
54#include "TypedefTable.h"
55#include "TypeData.h"
56#include "LinkageSpec.h"
57#include "Common/SemanticError.h" // error_str
58#include "Common/utility.h" // for maybeMoveBuild, maybeBuild, CodeLo...
59
60extern DeclarationNode * parseTree;
61extern LinkageSpec::Spec linkage;
62extern TypedefTable typedefTable;
63
64stack< LinkageSpec::Spec > linkageStack;
65
66bool appendStr( string & to, string & from ) {
67 // 1. Multiple strings are concatenated into a single string but not combined internally. The reason is that
68 // "\x12" "3" is treated as 2 characters versus 1 because "escape sequences are converted into single members of
69 // the execution character set just prior to adjacent string literal concatenation" (C11, Section 6.4.5-8). It is
70 // easier to let the C compiler handle this case.
71 //
72 // 2. String encodings are transformed into canonical form (one encoding at start) so the encoding can be found
73 // without searching the string, e.g.: "abc" L"def" L"ghi" => L"abc" "def" "ghi". Multiple encodings must match,
74 // i.e., u"a" U"b" L"c" is disallowed.
75
76 if ( from[0] != '"' ) { // encoding ?
77 if ( to[0] != '"' ) { // encoding ?
78 if ( to[0] != from[0] || to[1] != from[1] ) { // different encodings ?
79 yyerror( "non-matching string encodings for string-literal concatenation" );
80 return false; // parse error, must call YYERROR in action
81 } else if ( from[1] == '8' ) {
82 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
83 } // if
84 } else {
85 if ( from[1] == '8' ) { // move encoding to start
86 to = "u8" + to;
87 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
88 } else {
89 to = from[0] + to;
90 } // if
91 } // if
92 from.erase( 0, 1 ); // remove 2nd encoding
93 } // if
94 to += " " + from; // concatenated into single string
95 return true;
96} // appendStr
97
98DeclarationNode * distAttr( DeclarationNode * specifier, DeclarationNode * declList ) {
99 // distribute declaration_specifier across all declared variables, e.g., static, const, __attribute__.
100 DeclarationNode * cur = declList, * cl = (new DeclarationNode)->addType( specifier );
101 //cur->addType( specifier );
102 for ( cur = dynamic_cast< DeclarationNode * >( cur->get_next() ); cur != nullptr; cur = dynamic_cast< DeclarationNode * >( cur->get_next() ) ) {
103 cl->cloneBaseType( cur );
104 } // for
105 declList->addType( cl );
106// delete cl;
107 return declList;
108} // distAttr
109
110void distExt( DeclarationNode * declaration ) {
111 // distribute EXTENSION across all declarations
112 for ( DeclarationNode *iter = declaration; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
113 iter->set_extension( true );
114 } // for
115} // distExt
116
117// There is an ambiguity for inline generic-routine return-types and generic routines.
118// forall( otype T ) struct S { int i; } bar( T ) {}
119// Does the forall bind to the struct or the routine, and how would it be possible to explicitly specify the binding.
120// forall( otype T ) struct S { int T; } forall( otype W ) bar( W ) {}
121
122void rebindForall( DeclarationNode * declSpec, DeclarationNode * funcDecl ) {
123 if ( declSpec->type->kind == TypeData::Aggregate ) { // return is aggregate definition
124 funcDecl->type->forall = declSpec->type->aggregate.params; // move forall from aggregate to function type
125 declSpec->type->aggregate.params = nullptr;
126 } // if
127} // rebindForall
128
129NameExpr * build_postfix_name( const string * name ) {
130 NameExpr * new_name = build_varref( new string( "?`" + *name ) );
131 delete name;
132 return new_name;
133} // build_postfix_name
134
135bool forall = false, xxx = false; // aggregate have one or more forall qualifiers ?
136
137// https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/manual/bison.html#Location-Type
138#define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Cur, Rhs, N) \
139if ( N ) { \
140 (Cur).first_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).first_line; \
141 (Cur).first_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).first_column; \
142 (Cur).last_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, N ).last_line; \
143 (Cur).last_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, N ).last_column; \
144 (Cur).filename = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 1 ).filename; \
145} else { \
146 (Cur).first_line = (Cur).last_line = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).last_line; \
147 (Cur).first_column = (Cur).last_column = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).last_column; \
148 (Cur).filename = YYRHSLOC( Rhs, 0 ).filename; \
149}
150%}
151
152%define parse.error verbose
153
154// Types declaration for productions
155%union
156{
157 Token tok;
158 ParseNode * pn;
159 ExpressionNode * en;
160 DeclarationNode * decl;
161 DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
162 DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
163 StatementNode * sn;
164 WaitForStmt * wfs;
165 Expression * constant;
166 IfCtl * ifctl;
167 ForCtl * fctl;
168 LabelNode * label;
169 InitializerNode * in;
170 OperKinds op;
171 std::string * str;
172 bool flag;
173 CatchStmt::Kind catch_kind;
174}
175
176//************************* TERMINAL TOKENS ********************************
177
178// keywords
179%token TYPEDEF
180%token EXTERN STATIC AUTO REGISTER
181%token THREADLOCAL // C11
182%token INLINE FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
183%token NORETURN // C11
184%token CONST VOLATILE
185%token RESTRICT // C99
186%token ATOMIC // C11
187%token FORALL MUTEX VIRTUAL // CFA
188%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
189%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
190%token INT128 FLOAT80 FLOAT128 // GCC
191%token ZERO_T ONE_T // CFA
192%token VALIST // GCC
193%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
194%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
195%token EXCEPTION // CFA
196%token COROUTINE MONITOR THREAD // CFA
197%token OTYPE FTYPE DTYPE TTYPE TRAIT // CFA
198%token SIZEOF OFFSETOF
199%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
200%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
201%token CHOOSE DISABLE ENABLE FALLTHRU FALLTHROUGH TRY CATCH CATCHRESUME FINALLY THROW THROWRESUME AT WITH WHEN WAITFOR // CFA
202%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
203%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF GENERIC STATICASSERT // C11
204
205// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
206%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
207%token<tok> TIMEOUT WOR
208%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
209%token<tok> INTEGERconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
210// Floating point constant is broken into three kinds of tokens because of the ambiguity with tuple indexing and
211// overloading constants 0/1, e.g., x.1 is lexed as (x)(.1), where (.1) is a factional constant, but is semantically
212// converted into the tuple index (.)(1). e.g., 3.x
213%token<tok> FLOATING_DECIMALconstant FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant FLOATINGconstant
214
215// multi-character operators
216%token ARROW // ->
217%token ICR DECR // ++ --
218%token LS RS // << >>
219%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
220%token ANDAND OROR // && ||
221%token ELLIPSIS // ...
222
223%token EXPassign MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // \= *= /= %=
224%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
225%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
226%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= |=
227
228%token ATassign // @=
229
230%type<tok> identifier no_attr_identifier
231%type<tok> identifier_or_type_name no_attr_identifier_or_type_name attr_name
232%type<tok> quasi_keyword
233%type<constant> string_literal
234%type<str> string_literal_list
235
236// expressions
237%type<en> constant
238%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
239%type<op> ptrref_operator unary_operator assignment_operator
240%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
241%type<en> cast_expression exponential_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression
242%type<en> shift_expression relational_expression equality_expression
243%type<en> AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression inclusive_OR_expression
244%type<en> logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression
245%type<en> conditional_expression constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
246%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
247%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression default_initialize_opt
248%type<ifctl> if_control_expression
249%type<fctl> for_control_expression
250%type<en> subrange
251%type<decl> asm_name_opt
252%type<en> asm_operands_opt asm_operands_list asm_operand
253%type<label> label_list
254%type<en> asm_clobbers_list_opt
255%type<flag> asm_volatile_opt
256%type<en> handler_predicate_opt
257
258// statements
259%type<sn> statement labeled_statement compound_statement
260%type<sn> statement_decl statement_decl_list statement_list_nodecl
261%type<sn> selection_statement
262%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list
263%type<en> case_value
264%type<sn> case_clause case_value_list case_label case_label_list
265%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement
266%type<sn> expression_statement asm_statement
267%type<sn> with_statement
268%type<en> with_clause_opt
269%type<sn> exception_statement handler_clause finally_clause
270%type<catch_kind> handler_key
271%type<sn> mutex_statement
272%type<en> when_clause when_clause_opt waitfor timeout
273%type<sn> waitfor_statement
274%type<wfs> waitfor_clause
275
276// declarations
277%type<decl> abstract_declarator abstract_ptr abstract_array abstract_function array_dimension multi_array_dimension
278%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_parameter_array abstract_parameter_function array_parameter_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension
279%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration
280
281%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
282%type<decl> aggregate_type aggregate_type_nobody
283
284%type<decl> assertion assertion_list assertion_list_opt
285
286%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
287
288%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type indirect_type
289
290%type<decl> trait_declaration trait_declaration_list trait_declaring_list trait_specifier
291
292%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
293%type<decl> declaration_specifier declaration_specifier_nobody declarator declaring_list
294
295%type<decl> elaborated_type elaborated_type_nobody
296
297%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_type enum_type_nobody
298%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
299
300%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
301
302%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
303%type<en> field field_list field_name fraction_constants
304
305%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
306
307%type<decl> identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_function
308%type<decl> identifier_list
309
310%type<decl> cfa_abstract_array cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
311%type<decl> cfa_abstract_function cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration cfa_abstract_parameter_list
312%type<decl> cfa_abstract_ptr cfa_abstract_tuple
313
314%type<decl> cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension
315
316%type<decl> cfa_trait_declaring_list cfa_declaration cfa_field_declaring_list
317%type<decl> cfa_function_declaration cfa_function_return cfa_function_specifier
318
319%type<decl> cfa_identifier_parameter_array cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
320%type<decl> cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
321
322%type<decl> cfa_parameter_declaration cfa_parameter_list cfa_parameter_type_list_opt
323
324%type<decl> cfa_typedef_declaration cfa_variable_declaration cfa_variable_specifier
325
326%type<decl> c_declaration static_assert
327%type<decl> KR_function_declarator KR_function_no_ptr KR_function_ptr KR_function_array
328%type<decl> KR_declaration_list KR_declaration_list_opt
329
330%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list_opt
331
332%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_type
333
334%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_list
335
336%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_declaration_specifier_nobody sue_type_specifier sue_type_specifier_nobody
337
338%type<tclass> type_class
339%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
340
341%type<decl> type_declaration_specifier type_type_specifier type_name typegen_name
342%type<decl> typedef typedef_declaration typedef_expression
343
344%type<decl> variable_type_redeclarator type_ptr type_array type_function
345
346%type<decl> type_parameter_redeclarator type_parameter_ptr type_parameter_array type_parameter_function
347
348%type<decl> type type_no_function
349%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list type_initializer_opt
350
351%type<en> type_list
352
353%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name forall type_qualifier_list_opt type_qualifier_list
354%type<decl> type_specifier type_specifier_nobody
355
356%type<decl> variable_declarator variable_ptr variable_array variable_function
357%type<decl> variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_ptr variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_function
358
359%type<decl> attribute_list_opt attribute_list attribute_name_list attribute attribute_name
360
361// initializers
362%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
363
364// designators
365%type<en> designator designator_list designation
366
367
368// Handle shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string is ambiguous:
369// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement . (reduce)
370// if ( C ) S1 else S2
371// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement . (shift) ELSE statement */
372// Similar issues exit with the waitfor statement.
373
374// Order of these lines matters (low-to-high precedence). THEN is left associative over WOR/TIMEOUT/ELSE, WOR is left
375// associative over TIMEOUT/ELSE, and TIMEOUT is left associative over ELSE.
376%precedence THEN // rule precedence for IF/WAITFOR statement
377%precedence WOR // token precedence for start of WOR in WAITFOR statement
378%precedence TIMEOUT // token precedence for start of TIMEOUT in WAITFOR statement
379%precedence ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF/WAITFOR statement
380
381// Handle shift/reduce conflict for generic type by shifting the '(' token. For example, this string is ambiguous:
382// forall( otype T ) struct Foo { T v; };
383// .-----. matches pointer to function returning a generic (which is impossible without a type)
384// Foo ( *fp )( int );
385// `---' matches start of TYPEGENname '('
386// Must be:
387// Foo( int ) ( *fp )( int );
388
389// Order of these lines matters (low-to-high precedence).
390%precedence TYPEGENname
391%precedence '('
392
393%locations // support location tracking for error messages
394
395%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
396
397%%
398//************************* Namespace Management ********************************
399
400// The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal symbols
401// "identifier", "TYPEDEFname", and "TYPEGENname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a purely
402// context-free grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic constructs.
403// Hence, this grammar uses the ANSI style.
404//
405// Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance, those
406// introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parameterized types. This latter
407// type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
408//
409// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context information, it
410// accesses a data structure (TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that it has just read. Semantic
411// actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of identifiers change.
412//
413// Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its class in a
414// local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can be local to a
415// particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing between type names that are
416// local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of the declaration (i.e., names defined in
417// "typedef" or "otype" declarations).
418//
419// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and closing of
420// scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do not always occur
421// within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly necessary from a semantic point
422// of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing conflicts -- the parser may not have
423// enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra
424// rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around
425// "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve conflicts of this sort.
426
427push:
428 { typedefTable.enterScope(); }
429 ;
430
431pop:
432 { typedefTable.leaveScope(); }
433 ;
434
435//************************* CONSTANTS ********************************
436
437constant:
438 // ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type "enumeration constant".
439 INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *$1 ) ); }
440 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
441 | FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
442 | FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
443 | CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantChar( *$1 ) ); }
444 ;
445
446quasi_keyword: // CFA
447 TIMEOUT
448 | WOR
449 ;
450
451identifier:
452 IDENTIFIER
453 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
454 | quasi_keyword
455 ;
456
457no_attr_identifier:
458 IDENTIFIER
459 | quasi_keyword
460 ;
461
462string_literal:
463 string_literal_list { $$ = build_constantStr( *$1 ); }
464 ;
465
466string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
467 STRINGliteral { $$ = $1; } // conversion from tok to str
468 | string_literal_list STRINGliteral
469 {
470 if ( ! appendStr( *$1, *$2 ) ) YYERROR; // append 2nd juxtaposed string to 1st
471 delete $2; // allocated by lexer
472 $$ = $1; // conversion from tok to str
473 }
474 ;
475
476//************************* EXPRESSIONS ********************************
477
478primary_expression:
479 IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
480 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
481 | quasi_keyword
482 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
483 | tuple
484 | '(' comma_expression ')'
485 { $$ = $2; }
486 | '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
487 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new StmtExpr( dynamic_cast< CompoundStmt * >(maybeMoveBuild< Statement >($2) ) ) ); }
488 | constant '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
489 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), $1 ) ); }
490 | string_literal '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
491 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), new ExpressionNode( $1 ) ) ); }
492 | IDENTIFIER '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
493 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ) ) ); }
494 | tuple '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
495 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $3 ) ), $1 ) ); }
496 | '(' comma_expression ')' '`' IDENTIFIER // CFA, postfix call
497 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_postfix_name( $5 ) ), $2 ) ); }
498 | type_name '.' no_attr_identifier // CFA, nested type
499 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Qualified names are currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
500 | type_name '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, nested type / tuple field selector
501 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Qualified names are currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
502 | GENERIC '(' assignment_expression ',' generic_assoc_list ')' // C11
503 { SemanticError( yylloc, "_Generic is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
504 ;
505
506generic_assoc_list: // C11
507 | generic_association
508 | generic_assoc_list ',' generic_association
509 ;
510
511generic_association: // C11
512 type_no_function ':' assignment_expression
513 | DEFAULT ':' assignment_expression
514 ;
515
516postfix_expression:
517 primary_expression
518 | postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
519 // CFA, comma_expression disallowed in this context because it results in a common user error: subscripting a
520 // matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards compatible, there seems to be
521 // little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is
522 // equivalent to the old x[i,j].
523 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Index, $1, $4 ) ); }
524 | postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA, constructor call
525 {
526 Token fn;
527 fn.str = new std::string( "?{}" ); // location undefined - use location of '{'?
528 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new ConstructorExpr( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $1 )->set_last( $3 ) ) ) );
529 }
530 | postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
531 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( $1, $3 ) ); }
532 | postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
533 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
534 | postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
535 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $5 ) ) ); }
536 | postfix_expression FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant // CFA, tuple index
537 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_field_name_FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant( *$2 ) ) ); }
538 | postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
539 {
540 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, *$3 == "0" || *$3 == "1" ? build_constantInteger( *$3 ) : build_varref( $3 ) ) );
541 }
542 | postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
543 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $5 ) ) ); }
544 | postfix_expression ARROW INTEGERconstant // CFA, tuple index
545 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_constantInteger( *$3 ) ) ); }
546 | postfix_expression ICR
547 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::IncrPost, $1 ) ); }
548 | postfix_expression DECR
549 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::DecrPost, $1 ) ); }
550 | '(' type_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // C99, compound-literal
551 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, new InitializerNode( $5, true ) ) ); }
552 | '(' type_no_function ')' '@' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // CFA, explicit C compound-literal
553 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, (new InitializerNode( $6, true ))->set_maybeConstructed( false ) ) ); }
554 | '^' primary_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA
555 {
556 Token fn;
557 fn.str = new string( "^?{}" ); // location undefined
558 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $2 )->set_last( $4 ) ) );
559 }
560 ;
561
562argument_expression_list:
563 argument_expression
564 | argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
565 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
566 ;
567
568argument_expression:
569 // empty
570 { $$ = nullptr; }
571 // | '@' // use default argument
572 // { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *new string( "2" ) ) ); }
573 | assignment_expression
574 ;
575
576field_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
577 field
578 | field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
579 ;
580
581field: // CFA, tuple field selector
582 field_name
583 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant field
584 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_FLOATING_DECIMALconstant( *$1 ) ), maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $2 ) ) ); }
585 | FLOATING_DECIMALconstant '[' push field_list pop ']'
586 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_FLOATING_DECIMALconstant( *$1 ) ), build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
587 | field_name '.' field
588 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 ) ) ); }
589 | field_name '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
590 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $5 ) ) ); }
591 | field_name ARROW field
592 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 ) ) ); }
593 | field_name ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
594 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $5 ) ) ); }
595 ;
596
597field_name:
598 INTEGERconstant fraction_constants
599 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_constantInteger( *$1 ), $2 ) ); }
600 | FLOATINGconstant fraction_constants
601 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_field_name_FLOATINGconstant( *$1 ), $2 ) ); }
602 | no_attr_identifier fraction_constants
603 {
604 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_varref( $1 ), $2 ) );
605 }
606 ;
607
608fraction_constants:
609 // empty
610 { $$ = nullptr; }
611 | fraction_constants FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant
612 {
613 Expression * constant = build_field_name_FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant( *$2 );
614 $$ = $1 != nullptr ? new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, constant ) ) : new ExpressionNode( constant );
615 }
616 ;
617
618unary_expression:
619 postfix_expression
620 // first location where constant/string can have operator applied: sizeof 3/sizeof "abc" still requires
621 // semantics checks, e.g., ++3, 3--, *3, &&3
622 | constant
623 { $$ = $1; }
624 | string_literal
625 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
626 | EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
627 { $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
628 // '*' ('&') is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
629 // { * X; } // dereference X
630 // { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
631 | ptrref_operator cast_expression // CFA
632 {
633 switch ( $1 ) {
634 case OperKinds::AddressOf:
635 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AddressExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) );
636 break;
637 case OperKinds::PointTo:
638 $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) );
639 break;
640 case OperKinds::And:
641 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AddressExpr( new AddressExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ) );
642 break;
643 default:
644 assert( false );
645 }
646 }
647 | unary_operator cast_expression
648 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) ); }
649 | ICR unary_expression
650 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Incr, $2 ) ); }
651 | DECR unary_expression
652 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Decr, $2 ) ); }
653 | SIZEOF unary_expression
654 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new SizeofExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ); }
655 | SIZEOF '(' type_no_function ')'
656 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new SizeofExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
657 | ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
658 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AlignofExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ) ) ); }
659 | ALIGNOF '(' type_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
660 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AlignofExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
661 | OFFSETOF '(' type_no_function ',' no_attr_identifier ')'
662 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_offsetOf( $3, build_varref( $5 ) ) ); }
663 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER
664 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( (ExpressionNode *)nullptr ) ) ); }
665 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
666 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
667 | ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type ')'
668 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AttrExpr( build_varref( $1 ), maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
669 ;
670
671ptrref_operator:
672 '*' { $$ = OperKinds::PointTo; }
673 | '&' { $$ = OperKinds::AddressOf; }
674 // GCC, address of label must be handled by semantic check for ref,ref,label
675 | ANDAND { $$ = OperKinds::And; }
676 ;
677
678unary_operator:
679 '+' { $$ = OperKinds::UnPlus; }
680 | '-' { $$ = OperKinds::UnMinus; }
681 | '!' { $$ = OperKinds::Neg; }
682 | '~' { $$ = OperKinds::BitNeg; }
683 ;
684
685cast_expression:
686 unary_expression
687 | '(' type_no_function ')' cast_expression
688 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
689 | '(' COROUTINE '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
690 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Coroutine, $5 ) ); }
691 | '(' THREAD '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
692 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Thread, $5 ) ); }
693 | '(' MONITOR '&' ')' cast_expression // CFA
694 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_keyword_cast( KeywordCastExpr::Monitor, $5 ) ); }
695 // VIRTUAL cannot be opt because of look ahead issues
696 | '(' VIRTUAL ')' cast_expression // CFA
697 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new VirtualCastExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $4 ), maybeMoveBuildType( nullptr ) ) ); }
698 | '(' VIRTUAL type_no_function ')' cast_expression // CFA
699 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new VirtualCastExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $5 ), maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ); }
700// | '(' type_no_function ')' tuple
701// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
702 ;
703
704exponential_expression:
705 cast_expression
706 | exponential_expression '\\' cast_expression
707 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Exp, $1, $3 ) ); }
708 ;
709
710multiplicative_expression:
711 exponential_expression
712 | multiplicative_expression '*' exponential_expression
713 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mul, $1, $3 ) ); }
714 | multiplicative_expression '/' exponential_expression
715 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Div, $1, $3 ) ); }
716 | multiplicative_expression '%' exponential_expression
717 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mod, $1, $3 ) ); }
718 ;
719
720additive_expression:
721 multiplicative_expression
722 | additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
723 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Plus, $1, $3 ) ); }
724 | additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
725 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Minus, $1, $3 ) ); }
726 ;
727
728shift_expression:
729 additive_expression
730 | shift_expression LS additive_expression
731 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
732 | shift_expression RS additive_expression
733 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::RShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
734 ;
735
736relational_expression:
737 shift_expression
738 | relational_expression '<' shift_expression
739 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
740 | relational_expression '>' shift_expression
741 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
742 | relational_expression LE shift_expression
743 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
744 | relational_expression GE shift_expression
745 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
746 ;
747
748equality_expression:
749 relational_expression
750 | equality_expression EQ relational_expression
751 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Eq, $1, $3 ) ); }
752 | equality_expression NE relational_expression
753 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Neq, $1, $3 ) ); }
754 ;
755
756AND_expression:
757 equality_expression
758 | AND_expression '&' equality_expression
759 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitAnd, $1, $3 ) ); }
760 ;
761
762exclusive_OR_expression:
763 AND_expression
764 | exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
765 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Xor, $1, $3 ) ); }
766 ;
767
768inclusive_OR_expression:
769 exclusive_OR_expression
770 | inclusive_OR_expression '|' exclusive_OR_expression
771 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitOr, $1, $3 ) ); }
772 ;
773
774logical_AND_expression:
775 inclusive_OR_expression
776 | logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
777 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, true ) ); }
778 ;
779
780logical_OR_expression:
781 logical_AND_expression
782 | logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
783 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, false ) ); }
784 ;
785
786conditional_expression:
787 logical_OR_expression
788 | logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
789 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
790 // FIX ME: computes $1 twice
791 | logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
792 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $1, $4 ) ); }
793 ;
794
795constant_expression:
796 conditional_expression
797 ;
798
799assignment_expression:
800 // CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
801 conditional_expression
802 | unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
803 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( $2, $1, $3 ) ); }
804 | unary_expression '=' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}'
805 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Initializer assignment is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
806 ;
807
808assignment_expression_opt:
809 // empty
810 { $$ = nullptr; }
811 | assignment_expression
812 ;
813
814assignment_operator:
815 '=' { $$ = OperKinds::Assign; }
816 | ATassign { $$ = OperKinds::AtAssn; }
817 | EXPassign { $$ = OperKinds::ExpAssn; }
818 | MULTassign { $$ = OperKinds::MulAssn; }
819 | DIVassign { $$ = OperKinds::DivAssn; }
820 | MODassign { $$ = OperKinds::ModAssn; }
821 | PLUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::PlusAssn; }
822 | MINUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::MinusAssn; }
823 | LSassign { $$ = OperKinds::LSAssn; }
824 | RSassign { $$ = OperKinds::RSAssn; }
825 | ANDassign { $$ = OperKinds::AndAssn; }
826 | ERassign { $$ = OperKinds::ERAssn; }
827 | ORassign { $$ = OperKinds::OrAssn; }
828 ;
829
830tuple: // CFA, tuple
831 // CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce conflict with
832 // comma_expression in cfa_identifier_parameter_array and cfa_abstract_array
833// '[' ']'
834// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple() ); }
835// '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
836// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( $3 ) ); }
837 '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
838 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)(new ExpressionNode( nullptr ) )->set_last( $4 ) ) ); }
839 | '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
840 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $5 ) ) ); }
841 ;
842
843tuple_expression_list:
844 assignment_expression_opt
845 | tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
846 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
847 ;
848
849comma_expression:
850 assignment_expression
851 | comma_expression ',' assignment_expression
852 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new CommaExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
853 ;
854
855comma_expression_opt:
856 // empty
857 { $$ = nullptr; }
858 | comma_expression
859 ;
860
861//*************************** STATEMENTS *******************************
862
863statement:
864 labeled_statement
865 | compound_statement
866 | expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
867 | selection_statement
868 | iteration_statement
869 | jump_statement
870 | with_statement
871 | mutex_statement
872 | waitfor_statement
873 | exception_statement
874 | enable_disable_statement
875 { SemanticError( yylloc, "enable/disable statement is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
876 | asm_statement
877 ;
878
879labeled_statement:
880 // labels cannot be identifiers 0 or 1 or ATTR_IDENTIFIER
881 identifier_or_type_name ':' attribute_list_opt statement
882 {
883 $$ = $4->add_label( $1, $3 );
884 }
885 ;
886
887compound_statement:
888 '{' '}'
889 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)0 ) ); }
890 | '{'
891 // Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within the block also
892 // requires its own scope.
893 push push
894 local_label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
895 statement_decl_list // C99, intermix declarations and statements
896 pop '}'
897 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( $5 ) ); }
898 ;
899
900statement_decl_list: // C99
901 statement_decl
902 | statement_decl_list push statement_decl
903 { if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $3 ); $$ = $1; } }
904 ;
905
906statement_decl:
907 declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
908 { $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
909 | EXTENSION declaration // GCC
910 {
911 distExt( $2 );
912 $$ = new StatementNode( $2 );
913 }
914 | function_definition
915 { $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
916 | EXTENSION function_definition // GCC
917 {
918 distExt( $2 );
919 $$ = new StatementNode( $2 );
920 }
921 | statement pop
922 ;
923
924statement_list_nodecl:
925 statement
926 | statement_list_nodecl statement
927 { if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; } }
928 ;
929
930expression_statement:
931 comma_expression_opt ';'
932 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( $1 ) ); }
933 ;
934
935selection_statement:
936 IF '(' push if_control_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
937 // explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
938 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $4, $6, nullptr ) ); }
939 | IF '(' push if_control_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
940 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
941 | SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause
942 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( true, $3, $5 ) ); }
943 | SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
944 {
945 StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( true, $3, $8 ) );
946 // The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include associated initialization, which is performed
947 // *before* the transfer to the appropriate case clause by hoisting the declarations into a compound
948 // statement around the switch. Statements after the initial declaration list can never be executed, and
949 // therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C allows it. The change also applies to choose
950 // statement.
951 $$ = $7 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
952 }
953 | CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
954 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( false, $3, $5 ) ); }
955 | CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
956 {
957 StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( false, $3, $8 ) );
958 $$ = $7 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
959 }
960 ;
961
962if_control_expression:
963 comma_expression pop
964 { $$ = new IfCtl( nullptr, $1 ); }
965 | c_declaration pop // no semi-colon
966 { $$ = new IfCtl( $1, nullptr ); }
967 | cfa_declaration pop // no semi-colon
968 { $$ = new IfCtl( $1, nullptr ); }
969 | declaration comma_expression // semi-colon separated
970 { $$ = new IfCtl( $1, $2 ); }
971 ;
972
973// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a case
974// clause allows a list of values and subranges.
975
976case_value: // CFA
977 constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
978 | constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
979 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
980 | subrange // CFA, subrange
981 ;
982
983case_value_list: // CFA
984 case_value { $$ = new StatementNode( build_case( $1 ) ); }
985 // convert case list, e.g., "case 1, 3, 5:" into "case 1: case 3: case 5"
986 | case_value_list ',' case_value { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_case( $3 ) ) ) ); }
987 ;
988
989case_label: // CFA
990 CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = $2; }
991 | DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( build_default() ); }
992 // A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
993 ;
994
995//label_list_opt:
996// // empty
997// | identifier_or_type_name ':'
998// | label_list_opt identifier_or_type_name ':'
999// ;
1000
1001case_label_list: // CFA
1002 case_label
1003 | case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 )); }
1004 ;
1005
1006case_clause: // CFA
1007 case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
1008 ;
1009
1010switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
1011 // empty
1012 { $$ = nullptr; }
1013 | switch_clause_list
1014 ;
1015
1016switch_clause_list: // CFA
1017 case_label_list statement_list_nodecl
1018 { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
1019 | switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list_nodecl
1020 { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
1021 ;
1022
1023iteration_statement:
1024 WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
1025 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $3, $5 ) ); }
1026 | DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
1027 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $5, $2, true ) ); }
1028 | FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
1029 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_for( $4, $6 ) ); }
1030 ;
1031
1032for_control_expression:
1033 comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
1034 { $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $4, $6 ); }
1035 | declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99
1036 { $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $2, $4 ); }
1037 ;
1038
1039jump_statement:
1040 GOTO identifier_or_type_name ';'
1041 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Goto ) ); }
1042 | GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
1043 // The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto *i+3; => goto *(i+3);
1044 // whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (*i)+3;
1045 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_computedgoto( $3 ) ); }
1046 // A semantic check is required to ensure fallthru appears only in the body of a choose statement.
1047 | fall_through_name ';' // CFA
1048 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::FallThrough ) ); }
1049 | fall_through_name identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA
1050 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::FallThrough ) ); }
1051 | fall_through_name DEFAULT ';' // CFA
1052 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::FallThroughDefault ) ); }
1053 | CONTINUE ';'
1054 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
1055 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
1056 | CONTINUE identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
1057 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
1058 // the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
1059 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
1060 | BREAK ';'
1061 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
1062 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
1063 | BREAK identifier_or_type_name ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
1064 // A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
1065 // the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
1066 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
1067 | RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
1068 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_return( $2 ) ); }
1069 | RETURN '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}'
1070 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Initializer return is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1071 | THROW assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles rethrow
1072 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
1073 | THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles reresume
1074 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_resume( $2 ) ); }
1075 | THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt AT assignment_expression ';' // handles reresume
1076 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_resume_at( $2, $4 ) ); }
1077 ;
1078
1079fall_through_name: // CFA
1080 FALLTHRU
1081 | FALLTHROUGH
1082 ;
1083
1084with_statement:
1085 WITH '(' tuple_expression_list ')' statement
1086 {
1087 $$ = new StatementNode( build_with( $3, $5 ) );
1088 }
1089 ;
1090
1091// If MUTEX becomes a general qualifier, there are shift/reduce conflicts, so change syntax to "with mutex".
1092mutex_statement:
1093 MUTEX '(' argument_expression_list ')' statement
1094 { SemanticError( yylloc, "Mutex statement is currently unimplemented." ); $$ = nullptr; }
1095 ;
1096
1097when_clause:
1098 WHEN '(' comma_expression ')' { $$ = $3; }
1099 ;
1100
1101when_clause_opt:
1102 // empty
1103 { $$ = nullptr; }
1104 | when_clause
1105 ;
1106
1107waitfor:
1108 WAITFOR '(' identifier ')'
1109 {
1110 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new NameExpr( *$3 ) );
1111 delete $3;
1112 }
1113 | WAITFOR '(' identifier ',' argument_expression_list ')'
1114 {
1115 $$ = new ExpressionNode( new NameExpr( *$3 ) );
1116 $$->set_last( $5 );
1117 delete $3;
1118 }
1119 ;
1120
1121timeout:
1122 TIMEOUT '(' comma_expression ')' { $$ = $3; }
1123 ;
1124
1125waitfor_clause:
1126 when_clause_opt waitfor statement %prec THEN
1127 { $$ = build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1 ); }
1128 | when_clause_opt waitfor statement WOR waitfor_clause
1129 { $$ = build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1, $5 ); }
1130 | when_clause_opt timeout statement %prec THEN
1131 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( $2, $3, $1 ); }
1132 | when_clause_opt ELSE statement
1133 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( nullptr, $3, $1 ); }
1134 // "else" must be conditional after timeout or timeout is never triggered (i.e., it is meaningless)
1135 | when_clause_opt timeout statement WOR when_clause ELSE statement
1136 { $$ = build_waitfor_timeout( $2, $3, $1, $7, $5 ); }
1137 ;
1138
1139waitfor_statement:
1140 when_clause_opt waitfor statement %prec THEN
1141 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1 ) ); }
1142 | when_clause_opt waitfor statement WOR waitfor_clause
1143 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_waitfor( $2, $3, $1, $5 ) ); }
1144 ;
1145
1146exception_statement:
1147 TRY compound_statement handler_clause
1148 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, 0 ) ); }
1149 | TRY compound_statement finally_clause
1150 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, 0, $3 ) ); }
1151 | TRY compound_statement handler_clause finally_clause
1152 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, $4 ) ); }
1153 ;
1154
1155handler_clause:
1156 handler_key '(' push push exception_declaration pop handler_predicate_opt ')' compound_statement pop
1157 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $1, $5, $7, $9 ) ); }
1158 | handler_clause handler_key '(' push push exception_declaration pop handler_predicate_opt ')' compound_statement pop
1159 { $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $2, $6, $8, $10 ) ) ); }
1160 ;
1161
1162handler_predicate_opt:
1163 //empty
1164 { $$ = nullptr; }
1165 | ';' conditional_expression { $$ = $2; }
1166 ;
1167
1168handler_key:
1169 CATCH { $$ = CatchStmt::Terminate; }
1170 | CATCHRESUME { $$ = CatchStmt::Resume; }
1171 ;
1172
1173finally_clause:
1174 FINALLY compound_statement { $$ = new StatementNode( build_finally( $2 ) ); }
1175 ;
1176
1177exception_declaration:
1178 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
1179 type_specifier_nobody
1180 | type_specifier_nobody declarator
1181 {
1182 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1183 $$ = $2->addType( $1 );
1184 }
1185 | type_specifier_nobody variable_abstract_declarator
1186 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
1187 | cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
1188 {
1189 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1190 $$ = $1->addName( $2 );
1191 }
1192 | cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
1193 ;
1194
1195enable_disable_statement:
1196 enable_disable_key identifier_list compound_statement
1197 ;
1198
1199enable_disable_key:
1200 ENABLE
1201 | DISABLE
1202 ;
1203
1204asm_statement:
1205 ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ')' ';'
1206 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, 0 ) ); }
1207 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
1208 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
1209 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
1210 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
1211 | ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ')' ';'
1212 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8, $10 ) ); }
1213 | ASM asm_volatile_opt GOTO '(' string_literal ':' ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ':' label_list ')' ';'
1214 { $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $5, 0, $8, $10, $12 ) ); }
1215 ;
1216
1217asm_volatile_opt: // GCC
1218 // empty
1219 { $$ = false; }
1220 | VOLATILE
1221 { $$ = true; }
1222 ;
1223
1224asm_operands_opt: // GCC
1225 // empty
1226 { $$ = nullptr; } // use default argument
1227 | asm_operands_list
1228 ;
1229
1230asm_operands_list: // GCC
1231 asm_operand
1232 | asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
1233 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
1234 ;
1235
1236asm_operand: // GCC
1237 string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
1238 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AsmExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( (ExpressionNode *)nullptr ), $1, maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
1239 | '[' constant_expression ']' string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
1240 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new AsmExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $2 ), $4, maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $6 ) ) ); }
1241 ;
1242
1243asm_clobbers_list_opt: // GCC
1244 // empty
1245 { $$ = nullptr; } // use default argument
1246 | string_literal
1247 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
1248 | asm_clobbers_list_opt ',' string_literal
1249 // set_last returns ParseNode *
1250 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( $3 ) ); }
1251 ;
1252
1253label_list:
1254 no_attr_identifier
1255 {
1256 $$ = new LabelNode(); $$->labels.push_back( *$1 );
1257 delete $1; // allocated by lexer
1258 }
1259 | label_list ',' no_attr_identifier
1260 {
1261 $$ = $1; $1->labels.push_back( *$3 );
1262 delete $3; // allocated by lexer
1263 }
1264 ;
1265
1266//******************************* DECLARATIONS *********************************
1267
1268declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
1269 pop
1270 { $$ = nullptr; }
1271 | declaration_list
1272 ;
1273
1274declaration_list:
1275 declaration
1276 | declaration_list push declaration
1277 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1278 ;
1279
1280KR_declaration_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
1281 // empty
1282 { $$ = nullptr; }
1283 | KR_declaration_list
1284 ;
1285
1286KR_declaration_list:
1287 push c_declaration pop ';'
1288 { $$ = $2; }
1289 | KR_declaration_list push c_declaration pop ';'
1290 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
1291 ;
1292
1293local_label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
1294 // empty
1295 | local_label_declaration_list
1296 ;
1297
1298local_label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
1299 LABEL local_label_list ';'
1300 | local_label_declaration_list LABEL local_label_list ';'
1301 ;
1302
1303local_label_list: // GCC, local label
1304 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
1305 | local_label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
1306 ;
1307
1308declaration: // old & new style declarations
1309 c_declaration pop ';'
1310 | cfa_declaration pop ';' // CFA
1311 | static_assert
1312 ;
1313
1314static_assert:
1315 STATICASSERT '(' constant_expression ',' string_literal ')' ';' // C11
1316 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStaticAssert( $3, $5 ); }
1317
1318// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and function
1319// declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places declaration modifiers to
1320// the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of the base type. CFA declaration
1321// modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type specification is distributed across all variables in
1322// the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program
1323// block, but cannot be mixed within a specific declaration.
1324//
1325// CFA C
1326// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
1327// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
1328
1329cfa_declaration: // CFA
1330 cfa_variable_declaration
1331 | cfa_typedef_declaration
1332 | cfa_function_declaration
1333 | type_declaring_list
1334 | trait_specifier
1335 ;
1336
1337cfa_variable_declaration: // CFA
1338 cfa_variable_specifier initializer_opt
1339 {
1340 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1341 $$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 );
1342 }
1343 | declaration_qualifier_list cfa_variable_specifier initializer_opt
1344 // declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude
1345 // them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
1346 {
1347 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1348 $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 );;
1349 }
1350 | cfa_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name initializer_opt
1351 {
1352 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
1353 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) );
1354 }
1355 ;
1356
1357cfa_variable_specifier: // CFA
1358 // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1359 // storage-class
1360 cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1361 {
1362 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
1363 $$ = $1->addName( $2 )->addAsmName( $3 );
1364 }
1365 | cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1366 {
1367 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
1368 $$ = $1->addName( $2 )->addAsmName( $3 );
1369 }
1370 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
1371 {
1372 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
1373 $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 )->addAsmName( $4 );
1374 }
1375 ;
1376
1377cfa_function_declaration: // CFA
1378 cfa_function_specifier
1379 {
1380 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1381 $$ = $1;
1382 }
1383 | type_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1384 {
1385 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1386 $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
1387 }
1388 | declaration_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1389 {
1390 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1391 $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
1392 }
1393 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list cfa_function_specifier
1394 {
1395 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1396 $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 );
1397 }
1398 | cfa_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1399 {
1400 // Append the return type at the start (left-hand-side) to each identifier in the list.
1401 DeclarationNode * ret = new DeclarationNode;
1402 ret->type = maybeClone( $1->type->base );
1403 $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, ret, $8, nullptr ) );
1404 }
1405 ;
1406
1407cfa_function_specifier: // CFA
1408// '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // S/R conflict
1409// {
1410// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0, true );
1411// }
1412// '[' ']' identifier '(' push cfa_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1413// {
1414// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
1415// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1416// }
1417// | '[' ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push cfa_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1418// {
1419// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
1420// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
1421// }
1422// | '[' ']' typegen_name
1423 // identifier_or_type_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
1424 //
1425 // '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' cfa_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
1426 // '[' ']' type_specifier
1427 //
1428 // type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g., typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this must be
1429 // flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce identifier_or_type_name.
1430 cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1431 // To obtain LR(1 ), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
1432 {
1433 $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0 );
1434 }
1435 | cfa_function_return identifier_or_type_name '(' push cfa_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
1436 {
1437 $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0 );
1438 }
1439 ;
1440
1441cfa_function_return: // CFA
1442 '[' push cfa_parameter_list pop ']'
1443 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
1444 | '[' push cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
1445 // To obtain LR(1 ), the last cfa_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to lookahead to the
1446 // ']'.
1447 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
1448 ;
1449
1450cfa_typedef_declaration: // CFA
1451 TYPEDEF cfa_variable_specifier
1452 {
1453 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1454 $$ = $2->addTypedef();
1455 }
1456 | TYPEDEF cfa_function_specifier
1457 {
1458 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1459 $$ = $2->addTypedef();
1460 }
1461 | cfa_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
1462 {
1463 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
1464 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
1465 }
1466 ;
1467
1468// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is factored out as
1469// a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and initialization.
1470
1471typedef_declaration:
1472 TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
1473 {
1474 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1475 $$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
1476 }
1477 | typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
1478 {
1479 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1480 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
1481 }
1482 | type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
1483 {
1484 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1485 $$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
1486 }
1487 | type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
1488 {
1489 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1490 $$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
1491 }
1492 | type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
1493 {
1494 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
1495 $$ = $4->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef()->addType( $1 );
1496 }
1497 ;
1498
1499typedef_expression:
1500 // GCC, naming expression type: typedef name = exp; gives a name to the type of an expression
1501 TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1502 {
1503 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD );
1504 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // unimplemented
1505 }
1506 | typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
1507 {
1508 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
1509 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // unimplemented
1510 }
1511 ;
1512
1513//c_declaration:
1514// declaring_list pop ';'
1515// | typedef_declaration pop ';'
1516// | typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
1517// | sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
1518// ;
1519//
1520//declaring_list:
1521// // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1522// // storage-class
1523// declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1524// {
1525// typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1526// $$ = ( $2->addType( $1 ))->addAsmName( $3 )->addInitializer( $4 );
1527// }
1528// | declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1529// {
1530// typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1531// $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addAsmName( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) ) );
1532// }
1533// ;
1534
1535c_declaration:
1536 declaration_specifier declaring_list
1537 {
1538 $$ = distAttr( $1, $2 );
1539 }
1540 | typedef_declaration
1541 | typedef_expression // GCC, naming expression type
1542 | sue_declaration_specifier
1543 ;
1544
1545declaring_list:
1546 // A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
1547 // storage-class
1548 declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1549 {
1550 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1551 $$ = $1->addAsmName( $2 )->addInitializer( $3 );
1552 }
1553 | declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
1554 {
1555 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
1556 $$ = $1->appendList( $4->addQualifiers( $3 )->addAsmName( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) );
1557 }
1558 ;
1559
1560declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
1561 basic_declaration_specifier
1562 | sue_declaration_specifier
1563 | type_declaration_specifier
1564 ;
1565
1566declaration_specifier_nobody: // type specifier + storage class - {...}
1567 // Preclude SUE declarations in restricted scopes:
1568 //
1569 // int f( struct S { int i; } s1, Struct S s2 ) { struct S s3; ... }
1570 //
1571 // because it is impossible to call f due to name equivalence.
1572 basic_declaration_specifier
1573 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody
1574 | type_declaration_specifier
1575 ;
1576
1577type_specifier: // type specifier
1578 basic_type_specifier
1579 | sue_type_specifier
1580 | type_type_specifier
1581 ;
1582
1583type_specifier_nobody: // type specifier - {...}
1584 // Preclude SUE declarations in restricted scopes:
1585 //
1586 // int f( struct S { int i; } s1, Struct S s2 ) { struct S s3; ... }
1587 //
1588 // because it is impossible to call f due to name equivalence.
1589 basic_type_specifier
1590 | sue_type_specifier_nobody
1591 | type_type_specifier
1592 ;
1593
1594type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
1595 // empty
1596 { $$ = nullptr; }
1597 | type_qualifier_list
1598 ;
1599
1600type_qualifier_list:
1601 // A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of declaration.
1602 //
1603 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4 ) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
1604 // specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as if it
1605 // appeared only once.
1606 type_qualifier
1607 | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
1608 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1609 ;
1610
1611type_qualifier:
1612 type_qualifier_name
1613 | attribute
1614 ;
1615
1616type_qualifier_name:
1617 CONST
1618 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Const ); }
1619 | RESTRICT
1620 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Restrict ); }
1621 | VOLATILE
1622 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Volatile ); }
1623 | ATOMIC
1624 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Atomic ); }
1625 | forall
1626 ;
1627
1628forall:
1629 FORALL '('
1630 {
1631 typedefTable.enterScope();
1632 }
1633 type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
1634 {
1635 typedefTable.leaveScope();
1636 $$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
1637 }
1638 ;
1639
1640declaration_qualifier_list:
1641 storage_class_list
1642 | type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
1643 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1644 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
1645 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1646 ;
1647
1648storage_class_list:
1649 // A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration and that
1650 // only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
1651 //
1652 // ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the declaration
1653 // specifiers in a declaration.
1654 storage_class
1655 | storage_class_list storage_class
1656 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1657 ;
1658
1659storage_class:
1660 EXTERN
1661 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Extern ); }
1662 | STATIC
1663 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Static ); }
1664 | AUTO
1665 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Auto ); }
1666 | REGISTER
1667 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Register ); }
1668 | THREADLOCAL // C11
1669 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( Type::Threadlocal ); }
1670 // Put function specifiers here to simplify parsing rules, but separate them semantically.
1671 | INLINE // C99
1672 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Inline ); }
1673 | FORTRAN // C99
1674 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Fortran ); }
1675 | NORETURN // C11
1676 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFuncSpecifier( Type::Noreturn ); }
1677 ;
1678
1679basic_type_name:
1680 VOID
1681 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
1682 | BOOL // C99
1683 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
1684 | CHAR
1685 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
1686 | INT
1687 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
1688 | INT128
1689 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int128 ); }
1690 | FLOAT
1691 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
1692 | FLOAT80
1693 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float80 ); }
1694 | FLOAT128
1695 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float128 ); }
1696 | DOUBLE
1697 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
1698 | COMPLEX // C99
1699 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
1700 | IMAGINARY // C99
1701 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
1702 | SIGNED
1703 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
1704 | UNSIGNED
1705 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
1706 | SHORT
1707 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
1708 | LONG
1709 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
1710 | VALIST // GCC, __builtin_va_list
1711 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Valist ); }
1712 ;
1713
1714basic_declaration_specifier:
1715 // A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
1716 basic_type_specifier
1717 | declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
1718 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1719 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1720 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1721 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1722 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1723 | basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
1724 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
1725 ;
1726
1727basic_type_specifier:
1728 direct_type
1729 // Cannot have type modifiers, e.g., short, long, etc.
1730 | type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type type_qualifier_list_opt
1731 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1732 ;
1733
1734direct_type:
1735 basic_type_name
1736 | type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
1737 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1738 | direct_type type_qualifier
1739 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1740 | direct_type basic_type_name
1741 { $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
1742 ;
1743
1744indirect_type:
1745 TYPEOF '(' type ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
1746 { $$ = $3; }
1747 | TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
1748 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
1749 | ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
1750 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1751 | ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
1752 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
1753 | ZERO_T // CFA
1754 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Zero ); }
1755 | ONE_T // CFA
1756 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::One ); }
1757 ;
1758
1759sue_declaration_specifier: // struct, union, enum + storage class + type specifier
1760 sue_type_specifier
1761 | declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
1762 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1763 | sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1764 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1765 | sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1766 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1767 ;
1768
1769sue_type_specifier: // struct, union, enum + type specifier
1770 elaborated_type
1771 | type_qualifier_list
1772 { if ( $1->type != nullptr && $1->type->forall ) forall = true; } // remember generic type
1773 elaborated_type
1774 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1775 | sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
1776 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1777 ;
1778
1779sue_declaration_specifier_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...} + storage class + type specifier
1780 sue_type_specifier_nobody
1781 | declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier_nobody
1782 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1783 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1784 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1785 | sue_declaration_specifier_nobody storage_class type_qualifier_list
1786 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1787 ;
1788
1789sue_type_specifier_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...} + type specifier
1790 elaborated_type_nobody
1791 | type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_nobody
1792 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1793 | sue_type_specifier_nobody type_qualifier
1794 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1795 ;
1796
1797type_declaration_specifier:
1798 type_type_specifier
1799 | declaration_qualifier_list type_type_specifier
1800 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1801 | type_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
1802 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1803 | type_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
1804 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
1805 ;
1806
1807type_type_specifier: // typedef types
1808 type_name
1809 | type_qualifier_list type_name
1810 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
1811 | type_type_specifier type_qualifier
1812 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1813 ;
1814
1815type_name:
1816 TYPEDEFname
1817 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
1818 | '.' TYPEDEFname
1819 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 ); } // FIX ME
1820 | type_name '.' TYPEDEFname
1821 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $3 ); } // FIX ME
1822 | typegen_name
1823 | '.' typegen_name
1824 { $$ = $2; } // FIX ME
1825 | type_name '.' typegen_name
1826 { $$ = $3; } // FIX ME
1827 ;
1828
1829typegen_name: // CFA
1830 TYPEGENname
1831 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, nullptr ); }
1832 | TYPEGENname '(' ')'
1833 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, nullptr ); }
1834 | TYPEGENname '(' type_list ')'
1835 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
1836 ;
1837
1838elaborated_type: // struct, union, enum
1839 aggregate_type
1840 | enum_type
1841 ;
1842
1843elaborated_type_nobody: // struct, union, enum - {...}
1844 aggregate_type_nobody
1845 | enum_type_nobody
1846 ;
1847
1848aggregate_type: // struct, union
1849 aggregate_key attribute_list_opt '{' field_declaration_list '}'
1850 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), nullptr, $4, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1851 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1852 {
1853 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 ); // create typedef
1854 if ( forall ) typedefTable.changeKind( *$3, TypedefTable::TG ); // possibly update
1855 forall = false; // reset
1856 }
1857 '{' field_declaration_list '}'
1858 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3, nullptr, $6, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1859 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt '(' type_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
1860 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), $4, $7, false )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1861 | aggregate_type_nobody
1862 ;
1863
1864aggregate_type_nobody: // struct, union - {...}
1865 aggregate_key attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier
1866 {
1867 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 );
1868 if ( forall ) typedefTable.changeKind( *$3, TypedefTable::TG ); // possibly update
1869 forall = false; // reset
1870 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3, nullptr, nullptr, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
1871 }
1872 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt TYPEDEFname
1873 {
1874 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 );
1875 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3, nullptr, nullptr, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
1876 }
1877 | aggregate_key attribute_list_opt typegen_name // CFA
1878 {
1879 // Create new generic declaration with same name as previous forward declaration, where the IDENTIFIER is
1880 // switched to a TYPEGENname. Link any generic arguments from typegen_name to new generic declaration and
1881 // delete newFromTypeGen.
1882 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $3->type->symbolic.name, $3->type->symbolic.actuals, nullptr, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
1883 $3->type->symbolic.name = nullptr;
1884 $3->type->symbolic.actuals = nullptr;
1885 delete $3;
1886 }
1887 ;
1888
1889aggregate_key:
1890 STRUCT
1891 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
1892 | UNION
1893 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
1894 | EXCEPTION
1895 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Exception; }
1896 | COROUTINE
1897 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Coroutine; }
1898 | MONITOR
1899 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Monitor; }
1900 | THREAD
1901 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Thread; }
1902 ;
1903
1904field_declaration_list:
1905 // empty
1906 { $$ = nullptr; }
1907 | field_declaration_list field_declaration
1908 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
1909 ;
1910
1911field_declaration:
1912 cfa_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
1913 | EXTENSION cfa_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
1914 {
1915 distExt( $2 ); // mark all fields in list
1916 $$ = $2;
1917 }
1918 | type_specifier field_declaring_list ';'
1919 {
1920 $$ = distAttr( $1, $2 ); }
1921 | EXTENSION type_specifier field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
1922 {
1923 distExt( $3 ); // mark all fields in list
1924 $$ = distAttr( $2, $3 );
1925 }
1926 | static_assert
1927 ;
1928
1929cfa_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
1930 cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA, no field name
1931 | cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1932 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
1933 | cfa_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1934 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
1935 | cfa_field_declaring_list ',' // CFA, no field name
1936 { $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
1937 ;
1938
1939field_declaring_list:
1940 field_declarator
1941 | field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
1942 { $$ = $1->appendList( $4->addQualifiers( $3 ) ); }
1943 ;
1944
1945field_declarator:
1946 // empty
1947 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ } // CFA, no field name
1948 // '@'
1949 // { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ) ); } // CFA, no field name
1950 | bit_subrange_size // no field name
1951 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
1952 | variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
1953 // A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
1954 { $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
1955 | variable_type_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
1956 // A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
1957 { $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
1958 | variable_abstract_declarator // CFA, no field name
1959 ;
1960
1961bit_subrange_size_opt:
1962 // empty
1963 { $$ = nullptr; }
1964 | bit_subrange_size
1965 { $$ = $1; }
1966 ;
1967
1968bit_subrange_size:
1969 ':' constant_expression
1970 { $$ = $2; }
1971 ;
1972
1973enum_type: // enum
1974 ENUM attribute_list_opt '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
1975 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ), $4, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1976 | ENUM attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1977 { typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 ); }
1978 '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
1979 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3, $6, true )->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
1980 | enum_type_nobody
1981 ;
1982
1983enum_type_nobody: // enum - {...}
1984 ENUM attribute_list_opt no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
1985 {
1986 typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$3 );
1987 $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $3, 0, false )->addQualifiers( $2 );
1988 }
1989 ;
1990
1991enumerator_list:
1992 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
1993 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
1994 | enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
1995 { $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
1996 ;
1997
1998enumerator_value_opt:
1999 // empty
2000 { $$ = nullptr; }
2001 | '=' constant_expression
2002 { $$ = $2; }
2003 ;
2004
2005cfa_parameter_type_list_opt: // CFA, abstract + real
2006 // empty
2007 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
2008 | ELLIPSIS
2009 { $$ = nullptr; }
2010 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list
2011 | cfa_parameter_list
2012 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list
2013 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2014 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2015 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2016 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2017 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2018 ;
2019
2020cfa_parameter_list: // CFA
2021 // To obtain LR(1) between cfa_parameter_list and cfa_abstract_tuple, the last cfa_abstract_parameter_list is
2022 // factored out from cfa_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get lookahead to the ']'.
2023 cfa_parameter_declaration
2024 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2025 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2026 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2027 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2028 | cfa_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_parameter_declaration
2029 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
2030 ;
2031
2032cfa_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
2033 cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration
2034 | cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration
2035 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2036 ;
2037
2038parameter_type_list_opt:
2039 // empty
2040 { $$ = nullptr; }
2041 | ELLIPSIS
2042 { $$ = nullptr; }
2043 | parameter_list
2044 | parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
2045 { $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
2046 ;
2047
2048parameter_list: // abstract + real
2049 abstract_parameter_declaration
2050 | parameter_declaration
2051 | parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
2052 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2053 | parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
2054 { $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
2055 ;
2056
2057// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different semantics
2058// for typedef name by using type_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and function prototypes.
2059
2060cfa_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
2061 parameter_declaration
2062 | cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2063 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
2064 | cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2065 // To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
2066 { $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
2067 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name default_initialize_opt
2068 { $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2069 | cfa_function_specifier
2070 ;
2071
2072cfa_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
2073 abstract_parameter_declaration
2074 | cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
2075 | cfa_abstract_tuple
2076 // To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see cfa_abstract_declarator).
2077 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
2078 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2079 | cfa_abstract_function
2080 ;
2081
2082parameter_declaration:
2083 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
2084 declaration_specifier_nobody identifier_parameter_declarator default_initialize_opt
2085 {
2086 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2087 $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr );
2088 }
2089 | declaration_specifier_nobody type_parameter_redeclarator default_initialize_opt
2090 {
2091 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2092 $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr );
2093 }
2094 ;
2095
2096abstract_parameter_declaration:
2097 declaration_specifier_nobody default_initialize_opt
2098 { $$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 ? new InitializerNode( $2 ) : nullptr ); }
2099 | declaration_specifier_nobody abstract_parameter_declarator default_initialize_opt
2100 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 ? new InitializerNode( $3 ) : nullptr ); }
2101 ;
2102
2103// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
2104// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is based only on
2105// identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
2106
2107identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
2108 no_attr_identifier
2109 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
2110 | identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
2111 { $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
2112 ;
2113
2114identifier_or_type_name:
2115 identifier
2116 | TYPEDEFname
2117 | TYPEGENname
2118 ;
2119
2120no_attr_identifier_or_type_name:
2121 no_attr_identifier
2122 | TYPEDEFname
2123 | TYPEGENname
2124 ;
2125
2126type_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
2127 cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
2128 | type_specifier
2129 | type_specifier abstract_declarator
2130 { $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
2131 ;
2132
2133type: // typeof, assertion
2134 type_no_function
2135 | cfa_abstract_function // CFA
2136 ;
2137
2138initializer_opt:
2139 // empty
2140 { $$ = nullptr; }
2141 | '=' initializer
2142 { $$ = $2; }
2143 | '=' VOID
2144 { $$ = nullptr; }
2145 | ATassign initializer
2146 { $$ = $2->set_maybeConstructed( false ); }
2147 ;
2148
2149initializer:
2150 assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode( $1 ); }
2151 | '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode( $2, true ); }
2152 ;
2153
2154initializer_list:
2155 // empty
2156 { $$ = nullptr; }
2157 | initializer
2158 | designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
2159 | initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 ) ); }
2160 | initializer_list ',' designation initializer
2161 { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $4->set_designators( $3 ) ) ); }
2162 ;
2163
2164// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is use of
2165// '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
2166//
2167// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
2168//
2169// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this case, CFA
2170// changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC does uses ":" for
2171// field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be supported either due to
2172// shift/reduce conflicts
2173
2174designation:
2175 designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
2176 | no_attr_identifier ':' // GCC, field name
2177 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
2178 ;
2179
2180designator_list: // C99
2181 designator
2182 | designator_list designator
2183 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 ) ); }
2184 //| designator_list designator { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1, $2 ); }
2185 ;
2186
2187designator:
2188 '.' no_attr_identifier // C99, field name
2189 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2 ) ); }
2190 | '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
2191 // assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with tuple.
2192 { $$ = $3; }
2193 | '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
2194 { $$ = $3; }
2195 | '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
2196 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $5 ) ) ); }
2197 | '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
2198 { $$ = $4; }
2199 ;
2200
2201// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type parameters,
2202// rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
2203//
2204// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
2205//
2206// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used for object
2207// and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with initializers provide
2208// definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide opaque types.
2209//
2210// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at the call
2211// site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
2212//
2213// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
2214// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble subclass
2215// hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare that a type or
2216// types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used to declare requirements
2217// on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
2218
2219type_parameter_list: // CFA
2220 type_parameter
2221 { $$ = $1; }
2222 | type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter
2223 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
2224 ;
2225
2226type_initializer_opt: // CFA
2227 // empty
2228 { $$ = nullptr; }
2229 | '=' type
2230 { $$ = $2; }
2231 ;
2232
2233type_parameter: // CFA
2234 type_class no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2235 { typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD ); }
2236 type_initializer_opt assertion_list_opt
2237 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addTypeInitializer( $4 )->addAssertions( $5 ); }
2238 | type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
2239 | assertion_list
2240 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( DeclarationNode::Dtype, new string( DeclarationNode::anonymous.newName() ) )->addAssertions( $1 ); }
2241 ;
2242
2243type_class: // CFA
2244 OTYPE
2245 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Otype; }
2246 | DTYPE
2247 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
2248 | FTYPE
2249 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
2250 | TTYPE
2251 { $$ = DeclarationNode::Ttype; }
2252 ;
2253
2254assertion_list_opt: // CFA
2255 // empty
2256 { $$ = nullptr; }
2257 | assertion_list
2258 ;
2259
2260assertion_list: // CFA
2261 assertion
2262 | assertion_list assertion
2263 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
2264 ;
2265
2266assertion: // CFA
2267 '|' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_list ')'
2268 {
2269 typedefTable.openTrait( *$2 );
2270 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTraitUse( $2, $4 );
2271 }
2272 | '|' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}'
2273 { $$ = $4; }
2274 | '|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}' '(' type_list ')'
2275 { $$ = nullptr; }
2276 ;
2277
2278type_list: // CFA
2279 type
2280 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new TypeExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $1 ) ) ); }
2281 | assignment_expression
2282 | type_list ',' type
2283 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( new TypeExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
2284 | type_list ',' assignment_expression
2285 { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
2286 ;
2287
2288type_declaring_list: // CFA
2289 OTYPE type_declarator
2290 { $$ = $2; }
2291 | storage_class_list OTYPE type_declarator
2292 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2293 | type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
2294 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copySpecifiers( $1 ) ); }
2295 ;
2296
2297type_declarator: // CFA
2298 type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
2299 { $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
2300 | type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type
2301 { $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
2302 ;
2303
2304type_declarator_name: // CFA
2305 no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
2306 {
2307 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TD );
2308 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
2309 }
2310 | no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
2311 {
2312 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TG );
2313 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
2314 }
2315 ;
2316
2317trait_specifier: // CFA
2318 TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
2319 {
2320 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
2321 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, 0 );
2322 }
2323 | TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
2324 {
2325 typedefTable.enterTrait( *$2 );
2326 typedefTable.enterScope();
2327 }
2328 trait_declaration_list '}'
2329 {
2330 typedefTable.leaveTrait();
2331 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
2332 $$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, $10 );
2333 }
2334 ;
2335
2336trait_declaration_list: // CFA
2337 trait_declaration
2338 | trait_declaration_list push trait_declaration
2339 { $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
2340 ;
2341
2342trait_declaration: // CFA
2343 cfa_trait_declaring_list pop ';'
2344 | trait_declaring_list pop ';'
2345 ;
2346
2347cfa_trait_declaring_list: // CFA
2348 cfa_variable_specifier
2349 {
2350 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
2351 $$ = $1;
2352 }
2353 | cfa_function_specifier
2354 {
2355 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
2356 $$ = $1;
2357 }
2358 | cfa_trait_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
2359 {
2360 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
2361 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
2362 }
2363 ;
2364
2365trait_declaring_list: // CFA
2366 type_specifier declarator
2367 {
2368 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
2369 $$ = $2->addType( $1 );
2370 }
2371 | trait_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
2372 {
2373 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
2374 $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
2375 }
2376 ;
2377
2378//***************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS *****************************
2379
2380translation_unit:
2381 // empty
2382 {} // empty input file
2383 | external_definition_list
2384 { parseTree = parseTree ? parseTree->appendList( $1 ) : $1; }
2385 ;
2386
2387external_definition_list:
2388 external_definition
2389 | external_definition_list { forall = xxx; } push external_definition
2390 { $$ = $1 ? $1->appendList( $4 ) : $4; }
2391 ;
2392
2393external_definition_list_opt:
2394 // empty
2395 { $$ = nullptr; }
2396 | external_definition_list
2397 ;
2398
2399external_definition:
2400 declaration
2401 | external_function_definition
2402 | ASM '(' string_literal ')' ';' // GCC, global assembler statement
2403 {
2404 $$ = DeclarationNode::newAsmStmt( new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( false, $3, 0 ) ) );
2405 }
2406 | EXTERN STRINGliteral // C++-style linkage specifier
2407 {
2408 linkageStack.push( linkage ); // handle nested extern "C"/"Cforall"
2409 linkage = LinkageSpec::linkageUpdate( yylloc, linkage, $2 );
2410 }
2411 '{' external_definition_list_opt '}'
2412 {
2413 linkage = linkageStack.top();
2414 linkageStack.pop();
2415 $$ = $5;
2416 }
2417 | EXTENSION external_definition // GCC, multiple __extension__ allowed, meaning unknown
2418 {
2419 distExt( $2 ); // mark all fields in list
2420 $$ = $2;
2421 }
2422 | type_qualifier_list
2423 {
2424 if ( $1->type->forall ) xxx = forall = true; // remember generic type
2425 }
2426 push '{' external_definition_list '}' // CFA, namespace
2427 {
2428 for ( DeclarationNode * iter = $5; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
2429 iter->addQualifiers( $1->clone() );
2430 } // for
2431 xxx = false;
2432 delete $1;
2433 $$ = $5;
2434 }
2435 | declaration_qualifier_list
2436 {
2437 if ( $1->type->forall ) xxx = forall = true; // remember generic type
2438 }
2439 push '{' external_definition_list '}' // CFA, namespace
2440 {
2441 for ( DeclarationNode * iter = $5; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
2442 iter->addQualifiers( $1->clone() );
2443 } // for
2444 xxx = false;
2445 delete $1;
2446 $$ = $5;
2447 }
2448 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list
2449 {
2450 if ( $1->type->forall ) xxx = forall = true; // remember generic type
2451 }
2452 push '{' external_definition_list '}' // CFA, namespace
2453 {
2454 for ( DeclarationNode * iter = $6; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode *)iter->get_next() ) {
2455 iter->addQualifiers( $1->clone() );
2456 iter->addQualifiers( $2->clone() );
2457 } // for
2458 xxx = false;
2459 delete $1;
2460 delete $2;
2461 $$ = $6;
2462 }
2463 ;
2464
2465external_function_definition:
2466 function_definition
2467 // These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant amount of
2468 // legacy code with global functions missing the type-specifier for the return type, and assuming "int".
2469 // Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested
2470 // functions preclude this concession, i.e., all nested function must have a return type). A function prototype
2471 // declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2472 | function_declarator compound_statement
2473 {
2474 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2475 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2476 $$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
2477 }
2478 | KR_function_declarator KR_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
2479 {
2480 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2481 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2482 $$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $2 )->addFunctionBody( $3 );
2483 }
2484 ;
2485
2486with_clause_opt:
2487 // empty
2488 { $$ = nullptr; forall = false; }
2489 | WITH '(' tuple_expression_list ')'
2490 { $$ = $3; forall = false; }
2491 ;
2492
2493function_definition:
2494 cfa_function_declaration with_clause_opt compound_statement // CFA
2495 {
2496 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2497 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2498 // Add the function body to the last identifier in the function definition list, i.e., foo3:
2499 // [const double] foo1(), foo2( int ), foo3( double ) { return 3.0; }
2500 $1->get_last()->addFunctionBody( $3, $2 );
2501 $$ = $1;
2502 }
2503 | declaration_specifier function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2504 {
2505 rebindForall( $1, $2 );
2506 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2507 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2508 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addType( $1 );
2509 }
2510 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2511 | type_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2512 {
2513 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2514 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2515 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2516 }
2517 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2518 | declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2519 {
2520 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2521 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2522 $$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $4, $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2523 }
2524 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2525 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator with_clause_opt compound_statement
2526 {
2527 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2528 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2529 $$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2530 }
2531
2532 // Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
2533 | declaration_specifier KR_function_declarator KR_declaration_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2534 {
2535 rebindForall( $1, $2 );
2536 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2537 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2538 $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addType( $1 );
2539 }
2540 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2541 | type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_declaration_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2542 {
2543 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2544 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2545 $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2546 }
2547 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2548 | declaration_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_declaration_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2549 {
2550 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2551 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2552 $$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $5, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2553 }
2554 // handles default int return type, OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
2555 | declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator KR_declaration_list_opt with_clause_opt compound_statement
2556 {
2557 typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
2558 typedefTable.leaveScope();
2559 $$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $6, $5 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
2560 }
2561 ;
2562
2563declarator:
2564 variable_declarator
2565 | variable_type_redeclarator
2566 | function_declarator
2567 ;
2568
2569subrange:
2570 constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
2571 { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new RangeExpr( maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $1 ), maybeMoveBuild< Expression >( $3 ) ) ); }
2572 ;
2573
2574asm_name_opt: // GCC
2575 // empty
2576 { $$ = nullptr; }
2577 | ASM '(' string_literal ')' attribute_list_opt
2578 {
2579 DeclarationNode * name = new DeclarationNode();
2580 name->asmName = $3;
2581 $$ = name->addQualifiers( $5 );
2582 }
2583 ;
2584
2585attribute_list_opt: // GCC
2586 // empty
2587 { $$ = nullptr; }
2588 | attribute_list
2589 ;
2590
2591attribute_list: // GCC
2592 attribute
2593 | attribute_list attribute
2594 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2595 ;
2596
2597attribute: // GCC
2598 ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_name_list ')' ')'
2599 { $$ = $4; }
2600 ;
2601
2602attribute_name_list: // GCC
2603 attribute_name
2604 | attribute_name_list ',' attribute_name
2605 { $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
2606 ;
2607
2608attribute_name: // GCC
2609 // empty
2610 { $$ = nullptr; }
2611 | attr_name
2612 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttribute( $1 ); }
2613 | attr_name '(' argument_expression_list ')'
2614 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttribute( $1, $3 ); }
2615 ;
2616
2617attr_name: // GCC
2618 IDENTIFIER
2619 | quasi_keyword
2620 | TYPEDEFname
2621 | TYPEGENname
2622 | FALLTHROUGH
2623 { $$ = Token{ new string( "fallthrough" ), { nullptr, -1 } }; }
2624 | CONST
2625 { $$ = Token{ new string( "__const__" ), { nullptr, -1 } }; }
2626 ;
2627
2628// ============================================================================
2629// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are necessary
2630// because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage in an expression, as
2631// in:
2632//
2633// int (*f())[10] { ... };
2634// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
2635//
2636// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some or all of
2637// the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a particular context.
2638// ============================================================================
2639
2640// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2641// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of declarators
2642// to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
2643//
2644// valid declaration invalid definition
2645// ----------------- ------------------
2646// int f; int f {}
2647// int *f; int *f {}
2648// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
2649// int (*f)(int); int (*f)(int) {}
2650//
2651// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function declarators, hence
2652// variable_declarator and function_declarator.
2653// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2654
2655// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern precludes
2656// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
2657
2658variable_declarator:
2659 paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2660 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2661 | variable_ptr
2662 | variable_array attribute_list_opt
2663 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2664 | variable_function attribute_list_opt
2665 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2666 ;
2667
2668paren_identifier:
2669 identifier
2670 {
2671 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
2672 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2673 }
2674 | '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
2675 { $$ = $2; }
2676 ;
2677
2678variable_ptr:
2679 ptrref_operator variable_declarator
2680 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2681 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
2682 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2683 | '(' variable_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2684 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); } // redundant parenthesis
2685 ;
2686
2687variable_array:
2688 paren_identifier array_dimension
2689 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2690 | '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
2691 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2692 | '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2693 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2694 | '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2695 { $$ = $2; }
2696 ;
2697
2698variable_function:
2699 '(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2700 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2701 | '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2702 { $$ = $2; }
2703 ;
2704
2705// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. For non-nested functions, there is
2706// no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name, i.e., the typedef and function name cannot exist
2707// is the same scope. The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2708
2709function_declarator:
2710 function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
2711 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2712 | function_ptr
2713 | function_array attribute_list_opt
2714 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2715 ;
2716
2717function_no_ptr:
2718 paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2719 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2720 | '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2721 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2722 | '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
2723 { $$ = $2; }
2724 ;
2725
2726function_ptr:
2727 ptrref_operator function_declarator
2728 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2729 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list function_declarator
2730 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2731 | '(' function_ptr ')'
2732 { $$ = $2; }
2733 ;
2734
2735function_array:
2736 '(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2737 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2738 | '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2739 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2740 | '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2741 { $$ = $2; }
2742 ;
2743
2744// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4)
2745//
2746// f( a, b, c ) int a, *b, c[]; {}
2747//
2748// that is not redefining a typedef name (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes
2749// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2750
2751KR_function_declarator:
2752 KR_function_no_ptr
2753 | KR_function_ptr
2754 | KR_function_array
2755 ;
2756
2757KR_function_no_ptr:
2758 paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
2759 { $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
2760 | '(' KR_function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
2761 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2762 | '(' KR_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
2763 { $$ = $2; }
2764 ;
2765
2766KR_function_ptr:
2767 ptrref_operator KR_function_declarator
2768 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2769 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list KR_function_declarator
2770 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2771 | '(' KR_function_ptr ')'
2772 { $$ = $2; }
2773 ;
2774
2775KR_function_array:
2776 '(' KR_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
2777 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2778 | '(' KR_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2779 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2780 | '(' KR_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2781 { $$ = $2; }
2782 ;
2783
2784// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a type name, e.g.:
2785//
2786// typedef int foo;
2787// {
2788// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
2789// }
2790//
2791// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2792// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2793
2794variable_type_redeclarator:
2795 paren_type attribute_list_opt
2796 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2797 | type_ptr
2798 | type_array attribute_list_opt
2799 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2800 | type_function attribute_list_opt
2801 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2802 ;
2803
2804paren_type:
2805 typedef
2806 | '(' paren_type ')'
2807 { $$ = $2; }
2808 ;
2809
2810type_ptr:
2811 ptrref_operator variable_type_redeclarator
2812 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2813 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_type_redeclarator
2814 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2815 | '(' type_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2816 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2817 ;
2818
2819type_array:
2820 paren_type array_dimension
2821 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2822 | '(' type_ptr ')' array_dimension
2823 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2824 | '(' type_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2825 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2826 | '(' type_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2827 { $$ = $2; }
2828 ;
2829
2830type_function:
2831 paren_type '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2832 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2833 | '(' type_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2834 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2835 | '(' type_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2836 { $$ = $2; }
2837 ;
2838
2839// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable of a function prototype or actual that is not redefining a
2840// typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern precludes
2841// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus
2842// pointers to arrays and functions.
2843
2844identifier_parameter_declarator:
2845 paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2846 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2847 | '&' MUTEX paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
2848 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf ) )->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2849 | identifier_parameter_ptr
2850 | identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2851 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2852 | identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2853 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2854 ;
2855
2856identifier_parameter_ptr:
2857 ptrref_operator identifier_parameter_declarator
2858 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2859 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
2860 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2861 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2862 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2863 ;
2864
2865identifier_parameter_array:
2866 paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
2867 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2868 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
2869 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2870 | '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2871 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2872 | '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2873 { $$ = $2; }
2874 ;
2875
2876identifier_parameter_function:
2877 paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2878 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2879 | '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2880 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2881 | '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2882 { $$ = $2; }
2883 ;
2884
2885// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a typedef name,
2886// e.g.:
2887//
2888// typedef int foo;
2889// forall( otype T ) struct foo;
2890// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
2891//
2892// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
2893
2894type_parameter_redeclarator:
2895 typedef attribute_list_opt
2896 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2897 | '&' MUTEX typedef attribute_list_opt
2898 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf ) )->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2899 | type_parameter_ptr
2900 | type_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
2901 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2902 | type_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
2903 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2904 ;
2905
2906typedef:
2907 TYPEDEFname
2908 {
2909 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
2910 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2911 }
2912 | TYPEGENname
2913 {
2914 typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
2915 $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
2916 }
2917 ;
2918
2919type_parameter_ptr:
2920 ptrref_operator type_parameter_redeclarator
2921 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2922 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list type_parameter_redeclarator
2923 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2924 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2925 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2926 ;
2927
2928type_parameter_array:
2929 typedef array_parameter_dimension
2930 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
2931 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
2932 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2933 ;
2934
2935type_parameter_function:
2936 typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2937 { $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
2938 | '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2939 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2940 ;
2941
2942// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no identifier to
2943// which the type applies, e.g.:
2944//
2945// sizeof( int );
2946// sizeof( int * );
2947// sizeof( int [10] );
2948// sizeof( int (*)() );
2949// sizeof( int () );
2950//
2951// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
2952// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
2953
2954abstract_declarator:
2955 abstract_ptr
2956 | abstract_array attribute_list_opt
2957 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2958 | abstract_function attribute_list_opt
2959 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
2960 ;
2961
2962abstract_ptr:
2963 ptrref_operator
2964 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ); }
2965 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
2966 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
2967 | ptrref_operator abstract_declarator
2968 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
2969 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
2970 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
2971 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
2972 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
2973 ;
2974
2975abstract_array:
2976 array_dimension
2977 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
2978 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2979 | '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
2980 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
2981 | '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
2982 { $$ = $2; }
2983 ;
2984
2985abstract_function:
2986 '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2987 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
2988 | '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
2989 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
2990 | '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
2991 { $$ = $2; }
2992 ;
2993
2994array_dimension:
2995 // Only the first dimension can be empty.
2996 '[' ']'
2997 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
2998 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension
2999 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $3 ); }
3000 | multi_array_dimension
3001 ;
3002
3003multi_array_dimension:
3004 '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
3005 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
3006 | '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
3007 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
3008 | multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
3009 { $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
3010 | multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
3011 { $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
3012 ;
3013
3014// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
3015// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
3016//
3017// int f( int ); // not handled here
3018// int f( int * ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3019// int f( int (*)() ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3020// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3021//
3022// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
3023// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions. In addition, the pattern handles the
3024// special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
3025//
3026// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
3027// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
3028// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
3029//
3030// For example:
3031//
3032// typedef float T;
3033// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
3034// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
3035// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
3036// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
3037//
3038// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type list, and
3039// not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes declaring an array of
3040// functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and
3041// functions.
3042
3043abstract_parameter_declarator:
3044 abstract_parameter_ptr
3045 | '&' MUTEX attribute_list_opt
3046 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( DeclarationNode::newTypeQualifier( Type::Mutex ), OperKinds::AddressOf )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
3047 | abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
3048 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3049 | abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
3050 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3051 ;
3052
3053abstract_parameter_ptr:
3054 ptrref_operator
3055 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( nullptr, $1 ); }
3056 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
3057 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
3058 | ptrref_operator abstract_parameter_declarator
3059 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( nullptr, $1 ) ); }
3060 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
3061 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3062 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3063 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3064 ;
3065
3066abstract_parameter_array:
3067 array_parameter_dimension
3068 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
3069 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3070 | '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3071 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3072 | '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3073 { $$ = $2; }
3074 ;
3075
3076abstract_parameter_function:
3077 '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3078 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
3079 | '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3080 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3081 | '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3082 { $$ = $2; }
3083 ;
3084
3085array_parameter_dimension:
3086 // Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
3087 array_parameter_1st_dimension
3088 | array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
3089 { $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
3090 | multi_array_dimension
3091 ;
3092
3093// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
3094//
3095// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall appear only in
3096// a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the outermost array type derivation."
3097
3098array_parameter_1st_dimension:
3099 '[' ']'
3100 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
3101 // multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
3102 | '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
3103 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
3104 | '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
3105 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
3106 // multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
3107 | '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3108 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
3109 | '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
3110 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
3111 | '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
3112 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
3113 ;
3114
3115// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, but does not allow "int ()" for a function pointer.
3116//
3117// struct S {
3118// int;
3119// int *;
3120// int [10];
3121// int (*)();
3122// };
3123
3124variable_abstract_declarator:
3125 variable_abstract_ptr
3126 | variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
3127 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3128 | variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
3129 { $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
3130 ;
3131
3132variable_abstract_ptr:
3133 ptrref_operator
3134 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ); }
3135 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
3136 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ); }
3137 | ptrref_operator variable_abstract_declarator
3138 { $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3139 | ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
3140 { $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2, $1 ) ); }
3141 | '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' attribute_list_opt
3142 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $4 ); }
3143 ;
3144
3145variable_abstract_array:
3146 array_dimension
3147 | '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
3148 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3149 | '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
3150 { $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
3151 | '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
3152 { $$ = $2; }
3153 ;
3154
3155variable_abstract_function:
3156 '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
3157 { $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
3158 | '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
3159 { $$ = $2; }
3160 ;
3161
3162// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either an
3163// identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
3164
3165cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
3166 cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
3167 | cfa_abstract_tuple
3168 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
3169 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
3170 ;
3171
3172cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
3173 cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3174 | cfa_identifier_parameter_array
3175 ;
3176
3177cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
3178 // No SUE declaration in parameter list.
3179 ptrref_operator type_specifier_nobody
3180 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3181 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier_nobody
3182 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3183 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3184 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3185 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3186 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3187 | ptrref_operator cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
3188 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3189 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
3190 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3191 ;
3192
3193cfa_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
3194 // Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
3195 // shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
3196 '[' ']' type_specifier_nobody
3197 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3198 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3199 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3200 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3201 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3202 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3203 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3204 | multi_array_dimension type_specifier_nobody
3205 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3206
3207 | '[' ']' cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3208 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3209 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3210 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3211 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3212 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
3213 | cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3214 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3215 | multi_array_dimension cfa_identifier_parameter_ptr
3216 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3217 ;
3218
3219cfa_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
3220 '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
3221 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
3222 | '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3223 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
3224 | '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3225 // declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
3226 // assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
3227 // appear in this context.
3228 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
3229 | '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
3230 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
3231 ;
3232
3233// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
3234// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
3235//
3236// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
3237// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
3238//
3239// These rules need LR(3):
3240//
3241// cfa_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name
3242// '[' cfa_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' cfa_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
3243//
3244// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
3245//
3246// [int, int] t;
3247// [int, int] f( int );
3248//
3249// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_type_name to know when to reduce
3250// cfa_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the necessary
3251// lookahead. To accomplish this, cfa_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and tuple declarations are
3252// duplicated when appearing with cfa_function_specifier.
3253
3254cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
3255 cfa_abstract_tuple
3256 | type_qualifier_list cfa_abstract_tuple
3257 { $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
3258 | cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
3259 ;
3260
3261cfa_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
3262 cfa_abstract_ptr
3263 | cfa_abstract_array
3264 ;
3265
3266cfa_abstract_ptr: // CFA
3267 ptrref_operator type_specifier
3268 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3269 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
3270 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3271 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3272 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3273 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_function
3274 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3275 | ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
3276 { $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0, $1 ) ); }
3277 | type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator cfa_abstract_declarator_tuple
3278 { $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1, $2 ) ); }
3279 ;
3280
3281cfa_abstract_array: // CFA
3282 // Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce conflict with
3283 // empty (void) function return type.
3284 '[' ']' type_specifier
3285 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3286 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
3287 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3288 | multi_array_dimension type_specifier
3289 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3290 | '[' ']' cfa_abstract_ptr
3291 { $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3292 | '[' ']' multi_array_dimension cfa_abstract_ptr
3293 { $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
3294 | multi_array_dimension cfa_abstract_ptr
3295 { $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
3296 ;
3297
3298cfa_abstract_tuple: // CFA
3299 '[' push cfa_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
3300 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
3301 ;
3302
3303cfa_abstract_function: // CFA
3304// '[' ']' '(' cfa_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
3305// { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, DeclarationNode::newTuple( nullptr ), $4, nullptr ); }
3306 cfa_abstract_tuple '(' push cfa_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
3307 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
3308 | cfa_function_return '(' push cfa_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
3309 { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
3310 ;
3311
3312// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration specifiers in
3313// each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and type name."
3314//
3315// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the beginning of
3316// the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
3317//
3318// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
3319// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
3320//
3321// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter identifier and
3322// declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an obsolescent feature.
3323
3324//************************* MISCELLANEOUS ********************************
3325
3326comma_opt: // redundant comma
3327 // empty
3328 | ','
3329 ;
3330
3331default_initialize_opt:
3332 // empty
3333 { $$ = nullptr; }
3334 | '=' assignment_expression
3335 { $$ = $2; }
3336 ;
3337
3338%%
3339// ----end of grammar----
3340
3341// Local Variables: //
3342// mode: c++ //
3343// tab-width: 4 //
3344// compile-command: "make install" //
3345// End: //
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