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parser.yy @ e5609dd

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Last change on this file since e5609dd was 2871210, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 9 years ago
include file with keywords, fix type of label address expressions, fix computed goto to any expressions, generic types first attempt
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 98.2 KB

Rev	Line
[b87a5ed]	1	//
	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
	6	//
[c11e31c]	7	// cfa.y --
	8	//
	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
	10	// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[2871210]	12	// Last Modified On : Fri Jul 3 13:53:45 2015
	13	// Update Count : 1220
[c11e31c]	14	//
	15
[de62360d]	16	// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the C
	17	// grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts have been
	18	// copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to constitute a new grammar.
	19	// In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it parses less incorrect language syntax
	20	// that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless, there are still several semantic checks
	21	// required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
[c11e31c]	22
[de62360d]	23	// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got stuck with
	24	// the grammar.
[c11e31c]	25
	26	// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
	27	//
	28	// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
	29	//
[de62360d]	30	// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar also has
	31	// two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
[c11e31c]	32	//
	33	// 1. nested functions
	34	// 2. generalized lvalues
	35	// 3. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
	36	// 4. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
	37	//
[de62360d]	38	// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for Cforall
	39	// (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language concepts. All of the
	40	// syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above, there is one unreconcileable
	41	// parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is discussed in detail before the "designation"
	42	// grammar rule.
[51b7345]	43
	44	%{
[b87a5ed]	45	#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
	46	#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
[8a95629]	47	extern char *yytext;
[51b7345]	48
	49	#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
	50
	51	#include <cstdio>
	52	#include <stack>
	53	#include "TypedefTable.h"
	54	#include "lex.h"
	55	#include "ParseNode.h"
	56	#include "LinkageSpec.h"
	57
[b87a5ed]	58	DeclarationNode *theTree = 0; // the resulting parse tree
[51b7345]	59	LinkageSpec::Type linkage = LinkageSpec::Cforall;
	60	std::stack< LinkageSpec::Type > linkageStack;
	61	TypedefTable typedefTable;
	62	%}
	63
[c11e31c]	64	//*********************** TERMINAL TOKENS ******************************
[51b7345]	65
[c11e31c]	66	// keywords
[51b7345]	67	%token TYPEDEF
	68	%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
[b87a5ed]	69	%token INLINE // C99
	70	%token FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
[51b7345]	71	%token CONST VOLATILE
[b87a5ed]	72	%token RESTRICT // C99
	73	%token FORALL LVALUE // CFA
[51b7345]	74	%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
[b87a5ed]	75	%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
	76	%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
[51b7345]	77	%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
[b87a5ed]	78	%token TYPE FTYPE DTYPE CONTEXT // CFA
[51b7345]	79	%token SIZEOF
[b87a5ed]	80	%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
[51b7345]	81	%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
[b87a5ed]	82	%token CHOOSE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH FINALLY THROW // CFA
	83	%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
[c11e31c]	84	%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF ATOMIC GENERIC NORETURN STATICASSERT THREADLOCAL // C11
[51b7345]	85
[c11e31c]	86	// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
[b87a5ed]	87	%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
	88	%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
	89	%token<tok> INTEGERconstant FLOATINGconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
	90	%token<tok> ZERO ONE // CFA
[51b7345]	91
[c11e31c]	92	// multi-character operators
[b87a5ed]	93	%token ARROW // ->
	94	%token ICR DECR // ++ --
	95	%token LS RS // << >>
	96	%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
	97	%token ANDAND OROR // && \|\|
	98	%token ELLIPSIS // ...
	99
	100	%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // *= /= %=/
	101	%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
	102	%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
	103	%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= \|=
[51b7345]	104
[c11e31c]	105	// Types declaration
[51b7345]	106	%union
	107	{
[b87a5ed]	108	Token tok;
	109	ParseNode *pn;
	110	ExpressionNode *en;
	111	DeclarationNode *decl;
[68cd1ce]	112	DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
[b87a5ed]	113	DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
	114	StatementNode *sn;
	115	ConstantNode *constant;
	116	InitializerNode *in;
[51b7345]	117	}
	118
	119	%type<tok> zero_one identifier no_attr_identifier no_01_identifier
[2871210]	120	%type<tok> identifier_or_type_name no_attr_identifier_or_type_name no_01_identifier_or_type_name
[51b7345]	121	%type<constant> string_literal_list
	122
[c11e31c]	123	// expressions
[51b7345]	124	%type<constant> constant
[b87a5ed]	125	%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
	126	%type<en> unary_operator assignment_operator
	127	%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
	128	%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
	129	%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
	130	%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
	131	%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
	132	%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
	133	%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression for_control_expression assignment_opt
[51b7345]	134	%type<en> subrange
	135
[c11e31c]	136	// statements
[b87a5ed]	137	%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
	138	%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
	139	%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
	140	%type<sn> statement statement_list
	141	%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
[51b7345]	142	%type<sn> case_clause
[b87a5ed]	143	%type<en> case_value case_value_list
	144	%type<sn> case_label case_label_list
	145	%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
	146	%type<pn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
[51b7345]	147
[c11e31c]	148	// declarations
[51b7345]	149	%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
	150	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
	151	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
	152
	153	%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
	154	%type<decl> aggregate_name
	155
	156	%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
	157
	158	%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
	159
	160	%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
	161
	162	%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
	163
	164	%type<decl> context_declaration context_declaration_list context_declaring_list context_specifier
	165
	166	%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
	167	%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
	168
	169	%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
	170
	171	%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
	172	%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
	173
	174	%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
	175
	176	%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
	177	%type<en> field field_list
	178
[4d51835]	179	%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
[51b7345]	180
	181	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
	182	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
	183
	184	%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	185	%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
	186	%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
	187
	188	%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
	189
	190	%type<decl> new_context_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
	191	%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
	192
	193	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	194	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	195
	196	%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
	197
	198	%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
	199
	200	%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
	201	%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
	202
	203	%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
	204	%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
	205
[2871210]	206	%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_type
[51b7345]	207
	208	%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_name storage_class_list
	209
	210	%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
	211
	212	%type<tclass> type_class
	213	%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
	214
[2871210]	215	%type<decl> typedef type_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
	216	%type<decl> type_function type_parameter_array type_parameter_function type_parameter_ptr
	217	%type<decl> type_parameter_redeclarator type_ptr type_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
	218	%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier typegen_name
[51b7345]	219
	220	%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
	221	%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
	222
	223	%type<en> type_name_list
	224
	225	%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
	226
	227	%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
	228	%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
	229
[c11e31c]	230	// initializers
[51b7345]	231	%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
	232
[c11e31c]	233	// designators
[51b7345]	234	%type<en> designator designator_list designation
	235
	236
[b87a5ed]	237	// Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
	238	// is ambiguous:
	239	// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[c11e31c]	240	// if ( C ) S1 else S2
[b87a5ed]	241	// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
[51b7345]	242
[c11e31c]	243	%nonassoc THEN // rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
	244	%nonassoc ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement
[51b7345]	245
[b87a5ed]	246	%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
[51b7345]	247
	248	%%
[c11e31c]	249	//*********************** Namespace Management ******************************
	250
[de62360d]	251	// The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal symbols
	252	// "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a purely context-free
	253	// grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic constructs. Hence, this
	254	// grammar uses the ANSI style.
[c11e31c]	255	//
[de62360d]	256	// Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance, those
	257	// introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parametrized types. This latter
	258	// type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
[c11e31c]	259	//
[de62360d]	260	// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context information, it
	261	// accesses a data structure (the TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that it has just read.
	262	// Semantic actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of identifiers change.
[c11e31c]	263	//
[de62360d]	264	// Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its class in a
	265	// local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can be local to a
	266	// particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing between type names that are
	267	// local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of the declaration (i.e., names defined in
	268	// "typedef" or "type" declarations).
[c11e31c]	269	//
[de62360d]	270	// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and closing of
	271	// scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do not always occur
	272	// within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly necessary from a semantic point
	273	// of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing conflicts -- the parser may not have
	274	// enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra
	275	// rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around
	276	// "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve conflicts of this sort.
[51b7345]	277
	278	push:
[4d51835]	279	{
	280	typedefTable.enterScope();
	281	}
	282	;
[51b7345]	283
	284	pop:
[4d51835]	285	{
	286	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	287	}
	288	;
[51b7345]	289
[c11e31c]	290	//*********************** CONSTANTS ******************************
[51b7345]	291
	292	constant:
[de62360d]	293	// ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type "enumeration constant".
[59db689]	294	INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Integer, $1 ); }
	295	\| FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Float, $1 ); }
	296	\| CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Character, $1 ); }
[4d51835]	297	;
[51b7345]	298
	299	identifier:
[4d51835]	300	IDENTIFIER
	301	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	302	\| zero_one // CFA
	303	;
[51b7345]	304
	305	no_01_identifier:
[4d51835]	306	IDENTIFIER
	307	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	308	;
[51b7345]	309
	310	no_attr_identifier:
[4d51835]	311	IDENTIFIER
	312	;
[51b7345]	313
[b87a5ed]	314	zero_one: // CFA
[4d51835]	315	ZERO
	316	\| ONE
	317	;
[51b7345]	318
[b87a5ed]	319	string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
[59db689]	320	STRINGliteral { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::String, $1 ); }
	321	\| string_literal_list STRINGliteral { $$ = $1->appendstr( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	322	;
[51b7345]	323
[c11e31c]	324	//*********************** EXPRESSIONS ******************************
[51b7345]	325
	326	primary_expression:
[4d51835]	327	IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
[de62360d]	328	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	329	\| zero_one
[de62360d]	330	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	331	\| constant
	332	{ $$ = $1; }
	333	\| string_literal_list
	334	{ $$ = $1; }
	335	\| '(' comma_expression ')'
	336	{ $$ = $2; }
	337	\| '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
[de62360d]	338	{ $$ = new ValofExprNode( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	339	;
[51b7345]	340
	341	postfix_expression:
[4d51835]	342	primary_expression
	343	\| postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
[de62360d]	344	// CFA, comma_expression disallowed in the context because it results in a commom user error: subscripting a
	345	// matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards compatible, there seems to be
	346	// little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is
	347	// equivalent to the old x[i,j].
	348	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Index ), $1, $4 ); }
[4d51835]	349	\| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
[de62360d]	350	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	351	\| postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
[de62360d]	352	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::FieldSel ), $1, new VarRefNode( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	353	\| postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	354	\| postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
[de62360d]	355	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::PFieldSel ), $1, new VarRefNode( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	356	\| postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	357	\| postfix_expression ICR
[de62360d]	358	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::IncrPost ), $1 ); }
[4d51835]	359	\| postfix_expression DECR
[de62360d]	360	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::DecrPost ), $1 ); }
[4d51835]	361	// GCC has priority: cast_expression
	362	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // C99
	363	{ $$ = 0; }
	364	;
[51b7345]	365
	366	argument_expression_list:
[4d51835]	367	argument_expression
	368	\| argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
[de62360d]	369	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_link( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	370	;
[51b7345]	371
	372	argument_expression:
[4d51835]	373	// empty
	374	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
	375	\| assignment_expression
	376	\| no_attr_identifier ':' assignment_expression
[de62360d]	377	{ $$ = $3->set_asArgName( $1 ); }
[2871210]	378	// Only a list of no_attr_identifier_or_type_name is allowed in this context. However, there is insufficient
[de62360d]	379	// look ahead to distinguish between this list of parameter names and a tuple, so the tuple form must be used
	380	// with an appropriate semantic check.
[4d51835]	381	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
[de62360d]	382	{ $$ = $7->set_asArgName( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	383	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
	384	{ $$ = $9->set_asArgName( new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 )))); }
	385	;
[b87a5ed]	386
	387	field_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	388	field
	389	\| field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
	390	;
[b87a5ed]	391
	392	field: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	393	no_attr_identifier
	394	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
	395	\| no_attr_identifier '.' field
[de62360d]	396	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::FieldSel ), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3 ); }
[4d51835]	397	\| no_attr_identifier '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
[de62360d]	398	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::FieldSel ), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5 ); }
[4d51835]	399	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW field
[de62360d]	400	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::PFieldSel ), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3 ); }
[4d51835]	401	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
[de62360d]	402	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::PFieldSel ), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5 ); }
[4d51835]	403	;
[51b7345]	404
	405	unary_expression:
[4d51835]	406	postfix_expression
	407	\| ICR unary_expression
[de62360d]	408	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Incr ), $2 ); }
[4d51835]	409	\| DECR unary_expression
[de62360d]	410	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Decr ), $2 ); }
[4d51835]	411	\| EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
	412	{ $$ = $2; }
	413	\| unary_operator cast_expression
[de62360d]	414	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( $1, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	415	\| '!' cast_expression
[de62360d]	416	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Neg ), $2 ); }
[4d51835]	417	\| '*' cast_expression // CFA
[de62360d]	418	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::PointTo ), $2 ); }
[4d51835]	419	// '*' is is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
	420	// { * X; } // dereference X
	421	// { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
	422	// '&' must be moved here if C++ reference variables are supported.
	423	\| SIZEOF unary_expression
[de62360d]	424	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::SizeOf ), $2 ); }
[4d51835]	425	\| SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
[de62360d]	426	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::SizeOf ), new TypeValueNode( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	427	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER
[de62360d]	428	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Attr ), new VarRefNode( $1 )); }
[4d51835]	429	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
[de62360d]	430	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Attr ), new VarRefNode( $1 ), new TypeValueNode( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	431	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
[de62360d]	432	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Attr ), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3 ); }
[4d51835]	433	\| ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
[de62360d]	434	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::AlignOf ), $2 ); }
[4d51835]	435	\| ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
[de62360d]	436	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::AlignOf ), new TypeValueNode( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	437	\| ANDAND no_attr_identifier // GCC, address of label
[de62360d]	438	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::LabelAddress ), new VarRefNode( $2, true )); }
[4d51835]	439	;
[51b7345]	440
	441	unary_operator:
[de62360d]	442	'&' { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::AddressOf ); }
	443	\| '+' { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::UnPlus ); }
	444	\| '-' { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::UnMinus ); }
	445	\| '~' { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::BitNeg ); }
[4d51835]	446	;
[51b7345]	447
	448	cast_expression:
[4d51835]	449	unary_expression
	450	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
[de62360d]	451	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Cast ), new TypeValueNode( $2 ), $4 ); }
[4d51835]	452	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
[de62360d]	453	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Cast ), new TypeValueNode( $2 ), $4 ); }
[4d51835]	454	;
[51b7345]	455
	456	multiplicative_expression:
[4d51835]	457	cast_expression
	458	\| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
[de62360d]	459	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Mul ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	460	\| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
[de62360d]	461	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Div ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	462	\| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
[de62360d]	463	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Mod ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	464	;
[51b7345]	465
	466	additive_expression:
[4d51835]	467	multiplicative_expression
	468	\| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
[de62360d]	469	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Plus ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	470	\| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
[de62360d]	471	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Minus ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	472	;
[51b7345]	473
	474	shift_expression:
[4d51835]	475	additive_expression
	476	\| shift_expression LS additive_expression
[de62360d]	477	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::LShift ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	478	\| shift_expression RS additive_expression
[de62360d]	479	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::RShift ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	480	;
[51b7345]	481
	482	relational_expression:
[4d51835]	483	shift_expression
	484	\| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
[de62360d]	485	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::LThan ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	486	\| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
[de62360d]	487	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::GThan ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	488	\| relational_expression LE shift_expression
[de62360d]	489	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::LEThan ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	490	\| relational_expression GE shift_expression
[de62360d]	491	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::GEThan ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	492	;
[51b7345]	493
	494	equality_expression:
[4d51835]	495	relational_expression
	496	\| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
[de62360d]	497	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Eq ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	498	\| equality_expression NE relational_expression
[de62360d]	499	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Neq ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	500	;
[51b7345]	501
	502	AND_expression:
[4d51835]	503	equality_expression
	504	\| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
[de62360d]	505	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::BitAnd ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	506	;
[51b7345]	507
	508	exclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	509	AND_expression
	510	\| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
[de62360d]	511	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Xor ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	512	;
[51b7345]	513
	514	inclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	515	exclusive_OR_expression
	516	\| inclusive_OR_expression '\|' exclusive_OR_expression
[de62360d]	517	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::BitOr ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	518	;
[51b7345]	519
	520	logical_AND_expression:
[4d51835]	521	inclusive_OR_expression
	522	\| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
[de62360d]	523	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::And ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	524	;
[51b7345]	525
	526	logical_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	527	logical_AND_expression
	528	\| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
[de62360d]	529	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Or ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	530	;
[51b7345]	531
	532	conditional_expression:
[4d51835]	533	logical_OR_expression
	534	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
[de62360d]	535	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Cond ), (ExpressionNode )mkList( ($1, $3, $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	536	\| logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
[de62360d]	537	{ $$=new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::NCond ), $1, $4 ); }
[4d51835]	538	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple // CFA, tuple expression
[de62360d]	539	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Cond ), (ExpressionNode )mkList( ($1, $3, $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	540	;
[51b7345]	541
	542	constant_expression:
[4d51835]	543	conditional_expression
	544	;
[51b7345]	545
	546	assignment_expression:
[4d51835]	547	// CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
	548	conditional_expression
	549	\| unary_expression '=' assignment_expression
[de62360d]	550	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Assign ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	551	\| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
[de62360d]	552	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode( $2, $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	553	\| tuple assignment_opt // CFA, tuple expression
[de62360d]	554	{ $$ = ( $2 == 0 ) ? $1 : new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Assign ), $1, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	555	;
[51b7345]	556
	557	assignment_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	558	// empty
	559	{ $$ = new NullExprNode; }
	560	\| assignment_expression
	561	;
[b87a5ed]	562
	563	tuple: // CFA, tuple
[de62360d]	564	// CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce conflict with
	565	// comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and new_abstract_array
[2871210]	566	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	567	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ) ); }
	568	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	569	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), $3 ); }
	570	\| '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
	571	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(new NullExprNode)->set_link( $4 ) ); }
	572	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
	573	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 ) ) ); }
	574	;
[51b7345]	575
	576	tuple_expression_list:
[4d51835]	577	assignment_expression_opt
	578	\| tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
	579	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
	580	;
[51b7345]	581
	582	assignment_operator:
[de62360d]	583	MULTassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::MulAssn ); }
	584	\| DIVassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::DivAssn ); }
	585	\| MODassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::ModAssn ); }
	586	\| PLUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::PlusAssn ); }
	587	\| MINUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::MinusAssn ); }
	588	\| LSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::LSAssn ); }
	589	\| RSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::RSAssn ); }
	590	\| ANDassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::AndAssn ); }
	591	\| ERassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::ERAssn ); }
	592	\| ORassign { $$ = new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::OrAssn ); }
[4d51835]	593	;
[51b7345]	594
	595	comma_expression:
[4d51835]	596	assignment_expression
[de62360d]	597	\| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression // { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->add_to_list( $3 ); }
	598	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Comma ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	599	;
[51b7345]	600
	601	comma_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	602	// empty
	603	{ $$ = 0; }
	604	\| comma_expression
	605	;
[51b7345]	606
[c11e31c]	607	//************************* STATEMENTS *****************************
[51b7345]	608
	609	statement:
[4d51835]	610	labeled_statement
	611	\| compound_statement
	612	\| expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
	613	\| selection_statement
	614	\| iteration_statement
	615	\| jump_statement
	616	\| exception_statement
	617	\| asm_statement
	618	;
[51b7345]	619
	620	labeled_statement:
[4d51835]	621	no_attr_identifier ':' attribute_list_opt statement
[de62360d]	622	{ $$ = $4->add_label( $1 );}
[4d51835]	623	;
[51b7345]	624
	625	compound_statement:
[4d51835]	626	'{' '}'
	627	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( (StatementNode *)0 ); }
	628	\| '{'
[de62360d]	629	// Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within the block also
	630	// requires its own scope
[4d51835]	631	push push
	632	label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
	633	block_item_list pop '}' // C99, intermix declarations and statements
	634	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( $5 ); }
	635	;
[b87a5ed]	636
	637	block_item_list: // C99
[4d51835]	638	block_item
	639	\| block_item_list push block_item
[de62360d]	640	{ if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_link( $3 ); $$ = $1; } }
[4d51835]	641	;
[51b7345]	642
	643	block_item:
[4d51835]	644	declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
	645	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
	646	\| EXTENSION declaration // GCC
	647	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $2 ); }
	648	\| function_definition
	649	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
	650	\| statement pop
	651	;
[51b7345]	652
	653	statement_list:
[4d51835]	654	statement
	655	\| statement_list statement
[de62360d]	656	{ if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_link( $2 ); $$ = $1; } }
[4d51835]	657	;
[51b7345]	658
	659	expression_statement:
[4d51835]	660	comma_expression_opt ';'
[de62360d]	661	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Exp, $1, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	662	;
[51b7345]	663
	664	selection_statement:
[4d51835]	665	IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
	666	// explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
[de62360d]	667	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::If, $3, $5 ); }
[4d51835]	668	\| IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
[de62360d]	669	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::If, $3, (StatementNode )mkList(($5, *$7 )) ); }
[4d51835]	670	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
[de62360d]	671	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Switch, $3, $5 ); }
[4d51835]	672	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
[de62360d]	673	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Switch, $3, $8 ); /* xxx */ }
	674	// The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include any associated initialization, which is performed
	675	// before the transfer to the appropriate case clause. Statements after the initial declaration list can
	676	// never be executed, and therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C allows it.
[4d51835]	677	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
[de62360d]	678	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Choose, $3, $5 ); }
[4d51835]	679	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
[de62360d]	680	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Choose, $3, $8 ); }
[4d51835]	681	;
[b87a5ed]	682
[de62360d]	683	// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a case
	684	// clause allows a list of values and subranges.
[b87a5ed]	685
	686	case_value: // CFA
[4d51835]	687	constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
	688	\| constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
[de62360d]	689	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Range ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	690	\| subrange // CFA, subrange
	691	;
[b87a5ed]	692
	693	case_value_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	694	case_value
	695	\| case_value_list ',' case_value
[de62360d]	696	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(tupleContents( $1 ))->set_link( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	697	;
[b87a5ed]	698
	699	case_label: // CFA
[de62360d]	700	CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Case, $2, 0 ); }
	701	\| DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Default ); }
[4d51835]	702	// A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
	703	;
[b87a5ed]	704
	705	case_label_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	706	case_label
[de62360d]	707	\| case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_link( $2 )); }
[4d51835]	708	;
[b87a5ed]	709
	710	case_clause: // CFA
[de62360d]	711	case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	712	;
[b87a5ed]	713
	714	switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	715	// empty
	716	{ $$ = 0; }
	717	\| switch_clause_list
	718	;
[b87a5ed]	719
	720	switch_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	721	case_label_list statement_list
[de62360d]	722	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	723	\| switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
[de62360d]	724	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_link( $2->append_last_case( $3 ))); }
[4d51835]	725	;
[b87a5ed]	726
	727	choose_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	728	// empty
	729	{ $$ = 0; }
	730	\| choose_clause_list
	731	;
[b87a5ed]	732
	733	choose_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	734	case_label_list fall_through
[de62360d]	735	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	736	\| case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
[de62360d]	737	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($2,*$3 ))); }
[4d51835]	738	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
[de62360d]	739	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_link( $2->append_last_case( $3 ))); }
[4d51835]	740	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
[de62360d]	741	{ $$ = (StatementNode )( $1->set_link( $2->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($3,$4 ))))); }
[4d51835]	742	;
[b87a5ed]	743
	744	fall_through_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	745	// empty
	746	{ $$ = 0; }
	747	\| fall_through
	748	;
[b87a5ed]	749
	750	fall_through: // CFA
[de62360d]	751	FALLTHRU { $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0 ); }
	752	\| FALLTHRU ';' { $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	753	;
[51b7345]	754
	755	iteration_statement:
[4d51835]	756	WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[de62360d]	757	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::While, $3, $5 ); }
[4d51835]	758	\| DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
[de62360d]	759	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Do, $5, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	760	\| FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
[de62360d]	761	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::For, $4, $6 ); }
[4d51835]	762	;
[51b7345]	763
	764	for_control_expression:
[4d51835]	765	comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
[de62360d]	766	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode( $1, $4, $6 ); }
[4d51835]	767	\| declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99
[de62360d]	768	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode( $1, $2, $4 ); }
[4d51835]	769	;
[51b7345]	770
	771	jump_statement:
[4d51835]	772	GOTO no_attr_identifier ';'
[de62360d]	773	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Goto, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	774	\| GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
[de62360d]	775	// The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto i+3; => goto (i+3 );
	776	// whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (*i)+3;
	777	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Goto, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	778	\| CONTINUE ';'
[de62360d]	779	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
	780	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Continue, 0, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	781	\| CONTINUE no_attr_identifier ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
[de62360d]	782	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
	783	// the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
	784	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Continue, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	785	\| BREAK ';'
[de62360d]	786	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
	787	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Break, 0, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	788	\| BREAK no_attr_identifier ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
[de62360d]	789	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
	790	// the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
	791	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Break, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	792	\| RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
[de62360d]	793	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Return, $2, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	794	\| THROW assignment_expression ';'
[de62360d]	795	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Throw, $2, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	796	\| THROW ';'
[de62360d]	797	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Throw, 0, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	798	;
[51b7345]	799
	800	exception_statement:
[4d51835]	801	TRY compound_statement handler_list
[de62360d]	802	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3 )))); }
[4d51835]	803	\| TRY compound_statement finally_clause
[de62360d]	804	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3 )))); }
[4d51835]	805	\| TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
	806	{
[de62360d]	807	$3->set_link( $4 );
	808	$$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3 ))));
[4d51835]	809	}
	810	;
[51b7345]	811
	812	handler_list:
[4d51835]	813	// There must be at least one catch clause
	814	handler_clause
[de62360d]	815	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6 ) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for its try block.
[4d51835]	816	\| CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
	817	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $5, true ); }
	818	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
	819	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $6, true ) ); }
	820	;
[51b7345]	821
	822	handler_clause:
[4d51835]	823	CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[de62360d]	824	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt( $5, $8 ); }
[4d51835]	825	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[de62360d]	826	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt( $6, $9 ) ); }
[4d51835]	827	;
[51b7345]	828
	829	finally_clause:
[4d51835]	830	FINALLY compound_statement
	831	{
[de62360d]	832	$$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Finally, 0, $2 );
[4d51835]	833	std::cout << "Just created a finally node" << std::endl;
	834	}
	835	;
[51b7345]	836
	837	exception_declaration:
[4d51835]	838	// A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
	839	//
	840	// catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
	841	//
	842	// This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types.
	843	type_specifier
	844	\| type_specifier declarator
	845	{
	846	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	847	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	848	}
	849	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	850	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	851	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
	852	{
	853	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	854	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	855	}
	856	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	857	;
[51b7345]	858
	859	asm_statement:
[4d51835]	860	ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ')' ';'
[de62360d]	861	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	862	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
[de62360d]	863	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	864	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
[de62360d]	865	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	866	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list ')' ';'
[de62360d]	867	{ $$ = new StatementNode( StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	868	;
[b87a5ed]	869
	870	asm_operands_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	871	// empty
	872	\| asm_operands_list
	873	;
[b87a5ed]	874
	875	asm_operands_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	876	asm_operand
	877	\| asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
	878	;
[b87a5ed]	879
	880	asm_operand: // GCC
[68cd1ce]	881	STRINGliteral '(' constant_expression ')' {}
[4d51835]	882	;
[b87a5ed]	883
	884	asm_clobbers_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	885	STRINGliteral {}
	886	\| asm_clobbers_list ',' STRINGliteral
	887	;
[51b7345]	888
[c11e31c]	889	//***************************** DECLARATIONS *******************************
[51b7345]	890
[b87a5ed]	891	declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
[4d51835]	892	pop
	893	{ $$ = 0; }
	894	\| declaration_list
	895	;
[51b7345]	896
	897	declaration_list:
[4d51835]	898	declaration
	899	\| declaration_list push declaration
	900	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	901	;
[51b7345]	902
[b87a5ed]	903	old_declaration_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
[4d51835]	904	pop
	905	{ $$ = 0; }
	906	\| old_declaration_list
	907	;
[51b7345]	908
	909	old_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	910	old_declaration
	911	\| old_declaration_list push old_declaration
	912	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	913	;
[b87a5ed]	914
	915	label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	916	// empty
	917	\| label_declaration_list
	918	;
[b87a5ed]	919
	920	label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	921	LABEL label_list ';'
	922	\| label_declaration_list LABEL label_list ';'
	923	;
[b87a5ed]	924
	925	label_list: // GCC, local label
[2871210]	926	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
	927	\| label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
[4d51835]	928	;
[b87a5ed]	929
	930	declaration: // CFA, new & old style declarations
[4d51835]	931	new_declaration
	932	\| old_declaration
	933	;
[b87a5ed]	934
[de62360d]	935	// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and function
	936	// declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places declaration modifiers to
	937	// the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of the base type. CFA declaration
	938	// modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type specification is distributed across all variables in
	939	// the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program
	940	// block, but cannot be mixed within a specific declaration.
[c11e31c]	941	//
[b87a5ed]	942	// CFA C
	943	// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
	944	// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
	945
	946	new_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	947	new_variable_declaration pop ';'
	948	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
	949	\| new_function_declaration pop ';'
	950	\| type_declaring_list pop ';'
	951	\| context_specifier pop ';'
	952	;
[b87a5ed]	953
	954	new_variable_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	955	new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
	956	{
	957	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	958	$$ = $1;
	959	}
	960	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
[de62360d]	961	// declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude
	962	// them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
[4d51835]	963	{
	964	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	965	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	966	}
[2871210]	967	\| new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name initializer_opt
[4d51835]	968	{
	969	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	970	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	971	}
	972	;
[b87a5ed]	973
	974	new_variable_specifier: // CFA
[de62360d]	975	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
	976	// storage-class
[2871210]	977	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	978	{
	979	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	980	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	981	}
[2871210]	982	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	983	{
	984	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	985	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	986	}
[2871210]	987	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	988	{
	989	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
	990	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
	991	}
	992	;
[b87a5ed]	993
	994	new_function_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	995	new_function_specifier
	996	{
	997	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	998	$$ = $1;
	999	}
	1000	\| type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1001	{
	1002	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1003	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1004	}
	1005	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1006	{
	1007	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1008	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1009	}
	1010	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1011	{
	1012	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1013	$$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 );
	1014	}
[2871210]	1015	\| new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1016	{
	1017	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	1018	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1019	}
	1020	;
[b87a5ed]	1021
	1022	new_function_specifier: // CFA
[2871210]	1023	'[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // S/R conflict
[4d51835]	1024	{
[2871210]	1025	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0, true );
[4d51835]	1026	}
[2871210]	1027	// '[' ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1028	// {
	1029	// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
	1030	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1031	// }
	1032	// \| '[' ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1033	// {
	1034	// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
	1035	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1036	// }
	1037	// \| '[' ']' typegen_name
	1038	// identifier_or_type_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
[4d51835]	1039	//
[2871210]	1040	// '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[4d51835]	1041	// '[' ']' type_specifier
	1042	//
[2871210]	1043	// type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g., typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this must be
	1044	// flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce identifier_or_type_name.
	1045	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[de62360d]	1046	// To obtain LR(1 ), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see new_abstract_declarator).
[4d51835]	1047	{
	1048	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1049	}
[2871210]	1050	\| new_function_return identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[4d51835]	1051	{
	1052	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1053	}
	1054	;
[b87a5ed]	1055
	1056	new_function_return: // CFA
[4d51835]	1057	'[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
	1058	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	1059	\| '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
[de62360d]	1060	// To obtain LR(1 ), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to lookahead to the
	1061	// ']'.
[4d51835]	1062	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
	1063	;
[b87a5ed]	1064
	1065	new_typedef_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1066	TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
	1067	{
[de62360d]	1068	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1069	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1070	}
	1071	\| TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
	1072	{
[de62360d]	1073	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1074	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1075	}
	1076	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
	1077	{
[de62360d]	1078	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1079	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1080	}
	1081	;
[b87a5ed]	1082
[de62360d]	1083	// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is factored out as
	1084	// a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and initialization.
[51b7345]	1085
	1086	typedef_declaration:
[4d51835]	1087	TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
	1088	{
[de62360d]	1089	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1090	$$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
	1091	}
	1092	\| typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
	1093	{
[de62360d]	1094	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1095	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
	1096	}
[de62360d]	1097	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
[4d51835]	1098	{
[de62360d]	1099	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1100	$$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1101	}
	1102	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
	1103	{
[de62360d]	1104	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1105	$$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1106	}
	1107	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
	1108	{
[de62360d]	1109	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
	1110	$$ = $4->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef()->addType( $1 );
[4d51835]	1111	}
	1112	;
[b87a5ed]	1113
[721f17a]	1114	typedef_expression:
	1115	// GCC, naming expression type: typedef name = exp; gives a name to the type of an expression
[4d51835]	1116	TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1117	{
[de62360d]	1118	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1119	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1120	}
	1121	\| typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1122	{
[de62360d]	1123	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1124	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1125	}
	1126	;
[51b7345]	1127
	1128	old_declaration:
[4d51835]	1129	declaring_list pop ';'
	1130	\| typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1131	\| typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
	1132	\| sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
	1133	;
[51b7345]	1134
	1135	declaring_list:
[de62360d]	1136	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
	1137	// storage-class
[4d51835]	1138	declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1139	{
	1140	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1141	$$ = ( $2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer( $4 );
[4d51835]	1142	}
	1143	\| declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1144	{
	1145	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1146	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer( $6 ) ) );
[4d51835]	1147	}
	1148	;
[b87a5ed]	1149
	1150	declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
[4d51835]	1151	basic_declaration_specifier
	1152	\| sue_declaration_specifier
	1153	\| typedef_declaration_specifier
	1154	\| typegen_declaration_specifier
	1155	;
[b87a5ed]	1156
	1157	type_specifier: // declaration specifier - storage class
[4d51835]	1158	basic_type_specifier
	1159	\| sue_type_specifier
	1160	\| typedef_type_specifier
	1161	\| typegen_type_specifier
	1162	;
[b87a5ed]	1163
	1164	type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
[4d51835]	1165	// empty
	1166	{ $$ = 0; }
	1167	\| type_qualifier_list
	1168	;
[51b7345]	1169
	1170	type_qualifier_list:
[de62360d]	1171	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of declaration.
[4d51835]	1172	//
[de62360d]	1173	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4 ) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
	1174	// specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as if it
	1175	// appeared only once.
[4d51835]	1176	type_qualifier
	1177	\| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
	1178	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1179	;
[51b7345]	1180
	1181	type_qualifier:
[4d51835]	1182	type_qualifier_name
	1183	\| attribute
	1184	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
	1185	;
[51b7345]	1186
	1187	type_qualifier_name:
[4d51835]	1188	CONST
	1189	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
	1190	\| RESTRICT
	1191	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
	1192	\| VOLATILE
	1193	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
	1194	\| LVALUE // CFA
	1195	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
	1196	\| ATOMIC
	1197	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Atomic ); }
	1198	\| FORALL '('
	1199	{
	1200	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1201	}
	1202	type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
	1203	{
	1204	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1205	$$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
	1206	}
	1207	;
[51b7345]	1208
	1209	declaration_qualifier_list:
[4d51835]	1210	storage_class_list
[de62360d]	1211	\| type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
[4d51835]	1212	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1213	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
	1214	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1215	;
[51b7345]	1216
	1217	storage_class_list:
[de62360d]	1218	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration and that
	1219	// only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
[4d51835]	1220	//
[de62360d]	1221	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the declaration
	1222	// specifiers in a declaration.
[4d51835]	1223	storage_class
	1224	\| storage_class_list storage_class
	1225	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1226	;
[51b7345]	1227
	1228	storage_class:
[4d51835]	1229	storage_class_name
	1230	;
[51b7345]	1231
	1232	storage_class_name:
[4d51835]	1233	EXTERN
	1234	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
	1235	\| STATIC
	1236	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
	1237	\| AUTO
	1238	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
	1239	\| REGISTER
	1240	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
	1241	\| INLINE // C99
	1242	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
	1243	\| FORTRAN // C99
	1244	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
[68cd1ce]	1245	\| NORETURN // C11
	1246	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Noreturn ); }
	1247	\| THREADLOCAL // C11
	1248	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Threadlocal ); }
[4d51835]	1249	;
[51b7345]	1250
	1251	basic_type_name:
[4d51835]	1252	CHAR
	1253	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
	1254	\| DOUBLE
	1255	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
	1256	\| FLOAT
	1257	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
	1258	\| INT
	1259	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
	1260	\| LONG
	1261	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
	1262	\| SHORT
	1263	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
	1264	\| SIGNED
	1265	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
	1266	\| UNSIGNED
	1267	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
	1268	\| VOID
	1269	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
	1270	\| BOOL // C99
	1271	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
	1272	\| COMPLEX // C99
	1273	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
	1274	\| IMAGINARY // C99
	1275	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
	1276	;
[51b7345]	1277
	1278	basic_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1279	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
	1280	basic_type_specifier
	1281	\| declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
	1282	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1283	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1284	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1285	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1286	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1287	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
	1288	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
	1289	;
[51b7345]	1290
	1291	basic_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1292	direct_type_name
	1293	\| type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
	1294	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1295	;
[51b7345]	1296
	1297	direct_type_name:
[4d51835]	1298	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers.
	1299	basic_type_name
	1300	\| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
	1301	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1302	\| direct_type_name type_qualifier
	1303	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1304	\| direct_type_name basic_type_name
	1305	{ $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
	1306	;
[51b7345]	1307
	1308	indirect_type_name:
[4d51835]	1309	TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
	1310	{ $$ = $3; }
	1311	\| TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
	1312	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
	1313	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
	1314	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1315	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
	1316	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1317	;
[51b7345]	1318
	1319	sue_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1320	sue_type_specifier
	1321	\| declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
	1322	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1323	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1324	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1325	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1326	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1327	;
[51b7345]	1328
	1329	sue_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1330	elaborated_type_name // struct, union, enum
	1331	\| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
	1332	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1333	\| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1334	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1335	;
[51b7345]	1336
	1337	typedef_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1338	typedef_type_specifier
	1339	\| declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
	1340	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1341	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1342	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1343	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1344	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1345	;
[b87a5ed]	1346
	1347	typedef_type_specifier: // typedef types
[4d51835]	1348	TYPEDEFname
	1349	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
	1350	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
	1351	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1352	\| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1353	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1354	;
[51b7345]	1355
	1356	elaborated_type_name:
[4d51835]	1357	aggregate_name
	1358	\| enum_name
	1359	;
[51b7345]	1360
	1361	aggregate_name:
[4d51835]	1362	aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
[721f17a]	1363	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, 0, $3 ); }
[2871210]	1364	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[721f17a]	1365	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0 ); }
[2871210]	1366	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '{' field_declaration_list '}'
[721f17a]	1367	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, $4 ); }
	1368	\| aggregate_key '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1369	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $3, $6 ); }
[2871210]	1370	\| aggregate_key typegen_name // CFA, S/R conflict
	1371	{ $$ = $2; }
[4d51835]	1372	;
[51b7345]	1373
	1374	aggregate_key:
[4d51835]	1375	STRUCT attribute_list_opt
	1376	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
	1377	\| UNION attribute_list_opt
	1378	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
	1379	;
[51b7345]	1380
	1381	field_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1382	field_declaration
	1383	{ $$ = $1; }
	1384	\| field_declaration_list field_declaration
	1385	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $2 ); }
	1386	;
[51b7345]	1387
	1388	field_declaration:
[4d51835]	1389	new_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
	1390	\| EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
	1391	{ $$ = $2; }
	1392	\| field_declaring_list ';'
	1393	\| EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
	1394	{ $$ = $2; }
	1395	;
[b87a5ed]	1396
	1397	new_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
[4d51835]	1398	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA, no field name
[2871210]	1399	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1400	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1401	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1402	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
	1403	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' // CFA, no field name
	1404	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
	1405	;
[51b7345]	1406
	1407	field_declaring_list:
[4d51835]	1408	type_specifier field_declarator
	1409	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1410	\| field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
	1411	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
	1412	;
[51b7345]	1413
	1414	field_declarator:
[4d51835]	1415	// empty
	1416	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ } // CFA, no field name
	1417	\| bit_subrange_size // no field name
	1418	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
	1419	\| variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
	1420	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1421	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1422	\| type_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
[4d51835]	1423	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1424	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
	1425	\| variable_abstract_declarator // CFA, no field name
	1426	;
[51b7345]	1427
	1428	bit_subrange_size_opt:
[4d51835]	1429	// empty
	1430	{ $$ = 0; }
	1431	\| bit_subrange_size
	1432	{ $$ = $1; }
	1433	;
[51b7345]	1434
	1435	bit_subrange_size:
[4d51835]	1436	':' constant_expression
	1437	{ $$ = $2; }
	1438	;
[51b7345]	1439
	1440	enum_key:
[4d51835]	1441	ENUM attribute_list_opt
	1442	;
[51b7345]	1443
	1444	enum_name:
[4d51835]	1445	enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1446	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( 0, $3 ); }
[2871210]	1447	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
[4d51835]	1448	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $4 ); }
[2871210]	1449	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1450	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 ); }
	1451	;
[51b7345]	1452
	1453	enumerator_list:
[2871210]	1454	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
[4d51835]	1455	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
[2871210]	1456	\| enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
[4d51835]	1457	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
	1458	;
[51b7345]	1459
	1460	enumerator_value_opt:
[4d51835]	1461	// empty
	1462	{ $$ = 0; }
	1463	\| '=' constant_expression
	1464	{ $$ = $2; }
	1465	;
[51b7345]	1466
[c11e31c]	1467	// Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end.
[51b7345]	1468
[b87a5ed]	1469	new_parameter_type_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1470	// empty
	1471	{ $$ = 0; }
	1472	\| new_parameter_type_list
	1473	;
[b87a5ed]	1474
	1475	new_parameter_type_list: // CFA, abstract + real
[4d51835]	1476	new_abstract_parameter_list
	1477	\| new_parameter_list
	1478	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
	1479	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1480	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1481	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1482	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1483	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1484	;
[b87a5ed]	1485
	1486	new_parameter_list: // CFA
[de62360d]	1487	// To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last new_abstract_parameter_list is
	1488	// factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get lookahead to the ']'.
[4d51835]	1489	new_parameter_declaration
	1490	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1491	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1492	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1493	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1494	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1495	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
	1496	;
[b87a5ed]	1497
	1498	new_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
[4d51835]	1499	new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1500	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1501	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1502	;
[51b7345]	1503
	1504	parameter_type_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1505	// empty
	1506	{ $$ = 0; }
	1507	\| parameter_type_list
	1508	;
[51b7345]	1509
	1510	parameter_type_list:
[4d51835]	1511	parameter_list
	1512	\| parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1513	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1514	;
[b87a5ed]	1515
	1516	parameter_list: // abstract + real
[4d51835]	1517	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1518	\| parameter_declaration
	1519	\| parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
	1520	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1521	\| parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
	1522	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1523	;
[51b7345]	1524
[de62360d]	1525	// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different semantics
[2871210]	1526	// for typedef name by using type_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and function prototypes.
[51b7345]	1527
[b87a5ed]	1528	new_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1529	parameter_declaration
[2871210]	1530	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1531	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1532	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1533	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1534	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1535	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1536	{ $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1537	\| new_function_specifier
	1538	;
[b87a5ed]	1539
	1540	new_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1541	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1542	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	1543	\| new_abstract_tuple
	1544	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1545	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	1546	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1547	\| new_abstract_function
	1548	;
[51b7345]	1549
	1550	parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1551	declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
	1552	{
	1553	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1554	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
[4d51835]	1555	}
[2871210]	1556	\| declaration_specifier type_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1557	{
	1558	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1559	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
[4d51835]	1560	}
	1561	;
[51b7345]	1562
	1563	abstract_parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1564	declaration_specifier
	1565	\| declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
	1566	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1567	;
[51b7345]	1568
[c11e31c]	1569	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
[de62360d]	1570	// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is based only on
	1571	// identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
[51b7345]	1572
[b87a5ed]	1573	identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
[4d51835]	1574	no_attr_identifier
	1575	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
	1576	\| identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
	1577	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
	1578	;
[51b7345]	1579
[2871210]	1580	identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1581	identifier
	1582	\| TYPEDEFname
	1583	\| TYPEGENname
	1584	;
[51b7345]	1585
[2871210]	1586	no_01_identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1587	no_01_identifier
	1588	\| TYPEDEFname
	1589	\| TYPEGENname
	1590	;
[51b7345]	1591
[2871210]	1592	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1593	no_attr_identifier
	1594	\| TYPEDEFname
[721f17a]	1595	\| TYPEGENname
[4d51835]	1596	;
[b87a5ed]	1597
	1598	type_name_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
[4d51835]	1599	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1600	\| type_specifier
	1601	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	1602	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1603	;
[b87a5ed]	1604
	1605	type_name: // typeof, assertion
[4d51835]	1606	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1607	\| new_abstract_function // CFA
	1608	\| type_specifier
	1609	\| type_specifier abstract_declarator
	1610	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1611	;
[51b7345]	1612
	1613	initializer_opt:
[4d51835]	1614	// empty
	1615	{ $$ = 0; }
[2871210]	1616	\| '=' initializer
	1617	{ $$ = $2; }
[4d51835]	1618	;
[51b7345]	1619
	1620	initializer:
[de62360d]	1621	assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode( $1 ); }
	1622	\| '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode( $2, true ); }
[4d51835]	1623	;
[51b7345]	1624
	1625	initializer_list:
[4d51835]	1626	initializer
	1627	\| designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
[de62360d]	1628	\| initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1629	\| initializer_list ',' designation initializer
[de62360d]	1630	{ $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link( $4->set_designators( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	1631	;
[b87a5ed]	1632
[de62360d]	1633	// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is use of
	1634	// '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
[c11e31c]	1635	//
[b87a5ed]	1636	// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
[c11e31c]	1637	//
[de62360d]	1638	// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this case, CFA
	1639	// changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC does uses ":" for
	1640	// field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be supported either due to
	1641	// shift/reduce conflicts
[51b7345]	1642
	1643	designation:
[4d51835]	1644	designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
[2871210]	1645	\| no_attr_identifier_or_type_name ':' // GCC, field name
	1646	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	1647	;
[51b7345]	1648
[b87a5ed]	1649	designator_list: // C99
[4d51835]	1650	designator
[2871210]	1651	\| designator_list designator
	1652	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_link( $2 )); }
[de62360d]	1653	//\| designator_list designator { $$ = new CompositeExprNode( $1, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	1654	;
[51b7345]	1655
	1656	designator:
[2871210]	1657	'.' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name // C99, field name
[4d51835]	1658	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $2 ); }
	1659	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
[de62360d]	1660	// assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with tuple.
[4d51835]	1661	{ $$ = $3; }
	1662	\| '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
	1663	{ $$ = $3; }
	1664	\| '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
[de62360d]	1665	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Range ), $3, $5 ); }
[4d51835]	1666	\| '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	1667	{ $$ = $4; }
	1668	;
[51b7345]	1669
[de62360d]	1670	// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type parameters,
	1671	// rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
[c11e31c]	1672	//
	1673	// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
	1674	//
[de62360d]	1675	// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used for object
	1676	// and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with initializers provide
	1677	// definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide opaque types.
[c11e31c]	1678	//
[de62360d]	1679	// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at the call
	1680	// site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
[c11e31c]	1681	//
	1682	// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
[de62360d]	1683	// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble subclass
	1684	// hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare that a type or
	1685	// types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used to declare requirements
	1686	// on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
[c11e31c]	1687
[b87a5ed]	1688	typegen_declaration_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1689	typegen_type_specifier
	1690	\| declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
	1691	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1692	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1693	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1694	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1695	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1696	;
[b87a5ed]	1697
	1698	typegen_type_specifier: // CFA
[2871210]	1699	typegen_name
	1700	\| type_qualifier_list typegen_name
	1701	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	1702	\| typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1703	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1704	;
[b87a5ed]	1705
[2871210]	1706	typegen_name: // CFA
	1707	TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
	1708	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
	1709	;
	1710
[b87a5ed]	1711	type_parameter_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1712	type_parameter assignment_opt
	1713	\| type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
	1714	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1715	;
[b87a5ed]	1716
	1717	type_parameter: // CFA
[2871210]	1718	type_class no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1719	{ typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD ); }
[4d51835]	1720	assertion_list_opt
	1721	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
	1722	\| type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
	1723	;
[b87a5ed]	1724
	1725	type_class: // CFA
[4d51835]	1726	TYPE
	1727	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Type; }
	1728	\| DTYPE
	1729	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
	1730	\| FTYPE
	1731	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
	1732	;
[b87a5ed]	1733
	1734	assertion_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1735	// empty
	1736	{ $$ = 0; }
	1737	\| assertion_list_opt assertion
	1738	{ $$ = $1 == 0 ? $2 : $1->appendList( $2 ); }
	1739	;
[b87a5ed]	1740
	1741	assertion: // CFA
[2871210]	1742	'\|' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_name_list ')'
[4d51835]	1743	{
[2871210]	1744	typedefTable.openContext( *$2 );
[4d51835]	1745	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContextUse( $2, $4 );
	1746	}
	1747	\| '\|' '{' push context_declaration_list '}'
	1748	{ $$ = $4; }
	1749	\| '\|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push context_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
	1750	{ $$ = 0; }
	1751	;
[b87a5ed]	1752
	1753	type_name_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1754	type_name
	1755	{ $$ = new TypeValueNode( $1 ); }
	1756	\| assignment_expression
	1757	\| type_name_list ',' type_name
[de62360d]	1758	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_link( new TypeValueNode( $3 ))); }
[4d51835]	1759	\| type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
[de62360d]	1760	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_link( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	1761	;
[b87a5ed]	1762
	1763	type_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1764	TYPE type_declarator
	1765	{ $$ = $2; }
	1766	\| storage_class_list TYPE type_declarator
	1767	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1768	\| type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
	1769	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
	1770	;
[b87a5ed]	1771
	1772	type_declarator: // CFA
[4d51835]	1773	type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
	1774	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
	1775	\| type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
	1776	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
	1777	;
[b87a5ed]	1778
	1779	type_declarator_name: // CFA
[2871210]	1780	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1781	{
[de62360d]	1782	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1783	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
	1784	}
[2871210]	1785	\| no_01_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
[4d51835]	1786	{
[de62360d]	1787	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TG );
[4d51835]	1788	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
	1789	}
	1790	;
[b87a5ed]	1791
	1792	context_specifier: // CFA
[2871210]	1793	CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
[4d51835]	1794	{
[de62360d]	1795	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
[4d51835]	1796	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, 0 );
	1797	}
[2871210]	1798	\| CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
[4d51835]	1799	{
[de62360d]	1800	typedefTable.enterContext( *$2 );
[4d51835]	1801	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1802	}
	1803	context_declaration_list '}'
	1804	{
	1805	typedefTable.leaveContext();
[de62360d]	1806	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
[4d51835]	1807	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, $10 );
	1808	}
	1809	;
[b87a5ed]	1810
	1811	context_declaration_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1812	context_declaration
	1813	\| context_declaration_list push context_declaration
	1814	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1815	;
[b87a5ed]	1816
	1817	context_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1818	new_context_declaring_list pop ';'
	1819	\| context_declaring_list pop ';'
	1820	;
[b87a5ed]	1821
	1822	new_context_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1823	new_variable_specifier
	1824	{
	1825	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1826	$$ = $1;
	1827	}
	1828	\| new_function_specifier
	1829	{
	1830	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1831	$$ = $1;
	1832	}
[2871210]	1833	\| new_context_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1834	{
[de62360d]	1835	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
[4d51835]	1836	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1837	}
	1838	;
[b87a5ed]	1839
	1840	context_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1841	type_specifier declarator
	1842	{
	1843	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1844	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	1845	}
	1846	\| context_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
	1847	{
	1848	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1849	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
	1850	}
	1851	;
[51b7345]	1852
[c11e31c]	1853	//*************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS ***************************
[51b7345]	1854
	1855	translation_unit:
[4d51835]	1856	// empty
	1857	{} // empty input file
	1858	\| external_definition_list
	1859	{
	1860	if ( theTree ) {
	1861	theTree->appendList( $1 );
	1862	} else {
	1863	theTree = $1;
	1864	}
	1865	}
	1866	;
[51b7345]	1867
	1868	external_definition_list:
[4d51835]	1869	external_definition
	1870	\| external_definition_list push external_definition
[de62360d]	1871	{ $$ = ( $1 != NULL ) ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
[4d51835]	1872	;
[51b7345]	1873
	1874	external_definition_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1875	// empty
	1876	{ $$ = 0; }
	1877	\| external_definition_list
	1878	;
[51b7345]	1879
	1880	external_definition:
[4d51835]	1881	declaration
	1882	\| external_function_definition
	1883	\| asm_statement // GCC, global assembler statement
	1884	{}
	1885	\| EXTERN STRINGliteral
	1886	{
	1887	linkageStack.push( linkage );
	1888	linkage = LinkageSpec::fromString( *$2 );
	1889	}
	1890	'{' external_definition_list_opt '}' // C++-style linkage specifier
	1891	{
	1892	linkage = linkageStack.top();
	1893	linkageStack.pop();
	1894	$$ = $5;
	1895	}
	1896	\| EXTENSION external_definition
	1897	{ $$ = $2; }
	1898	;
	1899
	1900	external_function_definition:
	1901	function_definition
[de62360d]	1902	// These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant amount of
	1903	// code with functions missing a type-specifier on the return type. Parsing is possible because
	1904	// function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested functions would preclude this
	1905	// concession). A function prototype declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
[4d51835]	1906	\| function_declarator compound_statement
	1907	{
	1908	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1909	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1910	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	1911	}
	1912	\| old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1913	{
	1914	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1915	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1916	$$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
	1917	}
	1918	;
[51b7345]	1919
	1920	function_definition:
[4d51835]	1921	new_function_declaration compound_statement // CFA
	1922	{
	1923	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1924	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1925	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	1926	}
	1927	\| declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
	1928	{
	1929	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1930	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1931	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
	1932	}
	1933	\| type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1934	{
	1935	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1936	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1937	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1938	}
	1939	\| declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1940	{
	1941	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1942	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1943	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1944	}
	1945	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1946	{
	1947	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1948	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1949	$$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1950	}
	1951
	1952	// Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	1953	\| declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1954	{
	1955	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1956	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1957	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
	1958	}
	1959	\| type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1960	{
	1961	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1962	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1963	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1964	}
	1965
	1966	// Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	1967	\| declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1968	{
	1969	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1970	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1971	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1972	}
	1973	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1974	{
	1975	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1976	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1977	$$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1978	}
	1979	;
[51b7345]	1980
	1981	declarator:
[4d51835]	1982	variable_declarator
	1983	\| function_declarator
[2871210]	1984	\| type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	1985	;
[51b7345]	1986
	1987	subrange:
[4d51835]	1988	constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
[de62360d]	1989	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Range ), $1, $3 ); }
[4d51835]	1990	;
[b87a5ed]	1991
	1992	asm_name_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	1993	// empty
	1994	\| ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt
	1995	;
[b87a5ed]	1996
	1997	attribute_list_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	1998	// empty
	1999	\| attribute_list
	2000	;
[b87a5ed]	2001
	2002	attribute_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2003	attribute
	2004	\| attribute_list attribute
	2005	;
[b87a5ed]	2006
	2007	attribute: // GCC
[4d51835]	2008	ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
	2009	;
[b87a5ed]	2010
	2011	attribute_parameter_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2012	attrib
	2013	\| attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
	2014	;
[b87a5ed]	2015
	2016	attrib: // GCC
[4d51835]	2017	// empty
	2018	\| any_word
	2019	\| any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')'
	2020	;
[b87a5ed]	2021
	2022	any_word: // GCC
[2871210]	2023	identifier_or_type_name {}
[4d51835]	2024	\| storage_class_name {}
	2025	\| basic_type_name {}
	2026	\| type_qualifier {}
	2027	;
[51b7345]	2028
[c11e31c]	2029	// ============================================================================
[de62360d]	2030	// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are necessary
	2031	// because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage in an expression, as
	2032	// in:
[c11e31c]	2033	//
[b87a5ed]	2034	// int (*f())[10] { ... };
	2035	// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
[c11e31c]	2036	//
[de62360d]	2037	// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some or all of
	2038	// the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a particular context.
[c11e31c]	2039	// ============================================================================
	2040
	2041	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[de62360d]	2042	// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of declarators
	2043	// to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2044	//
[b87a5ed]	2045	// valid declaration invalid definition
	2046	// ----------------- ------------------
[4d51835]	2047	// int f; int f {}
	2048	// int f; int f {}
[b87a5ed]	2049	// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
[4d51835]	2050	// int (f)(int); int (f)(int) {}
[c11e31c]	2051	//
[de62360d]	2052	// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function declarators, hence
	2053	// variable_declarator and function_declarator.
[c11e31c]	2054	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	2055
[de62360d]	2056	// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern precludes
	2057	// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
[51b7345]	2058
	2059	variable_declarator:
[4d51835]	2060	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
	2061	\| variable_ptr
	2062	\| variable_array attribute_list_opt
	2063	\| variable_function attribute_list_opt
	2064	;
[51b7345]	2065
	2066	paren_identifier:
[4d51835]	2067	identifier
	2068	{
[de62360d]	2069	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
[4d51835]	2070	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2071	}
	2072	\| '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2073	{ $$ = $2; }
	2074	;
[51b7345]	2075
	2076	variable_ptr:
[4d51835]	2077	'*' variable_declarator
	2078	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2079	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
	2080	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2081	\| '(' variable_ptr ')'
	2082	{ $$ = $2; }
	2083	;
[51b7345]	2084
	2085	variable_array:
[4d51835]	2086	paren_identifier array_dimension
	2087	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2088	\| '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2089	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2090	\| '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2091	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2092	\| '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2093	{ $$ = $2; }
	2094	;
[51b7345]	2095
	2096	variable_function:
[4d51835]	2097	'(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2098	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2099	\| '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2100	{ $$ = $2; }
	2101	;
[51b7345]	2102
[de62360d]	2103	// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. Because functions cannot be nested,
	2104	// there is no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name. To allow nested functions requires
[2871210]	2105	// further separation of variable and function declarators in type_redeclarator. The pattern precludes returning
[de62360d]	2106	// arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2107
	2108	function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2109	function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
	2110	\| function_ptr
	2111	\| function_array attribute_list_opt
	2112	;
[51b7345]	2113
	2114	function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2115	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2116	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2117	\| '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2118	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2119	\| '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2120	{ $$ = $2; }
	2121	;
[51b7345]	2122
	2123	function_ptr:
[4d51835]	2124	'*' function_declarator
	2125	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2126	\| '*' type_qualifier_list function_declarator
	2127	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2128	\| '(' function_ptr ')'
	2129	{ $$ = $2; }
	2130	;
[51b7345]	2131
	2132	function_array:
[4d51835]	2133	'(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2134	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2135	\| '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2136	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2137	\| '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2138	{ $$ = $2; }
	2139	;
[51b7345]	2140
[de62360d]	2141	// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a typedef name
	2142	// (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus
	2143	// pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2144
	2145	old_function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2146	old_function_no_ptr
	2147	\| old_function_ptr
	2148	\| old_function_array
	2149	;
[51b7345]	2150
	2151	old_function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2152	paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
	2153	{ $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
	2154	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
	2155	{ $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
	2156	\| '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2157	{ $$ = $2; }
	2158	;
[51b7345]	2159
	2160	old_function_ptr:
[4d51835]	2161	'*' old_function_declarator
	2162	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2163	\| '*' type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
	2164	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2165	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')'
	2166	{ $$ = $2; }
	2167	;
[51b7345]	2168
	2169	old_function_array:
[4d51835]	2170	'(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2171	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2172	\| '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2173	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2174	\| '(' old_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2175	{ $$ = $2; }
	2176	;
[51b7345]	2177
[2871210]	2178	// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a type name, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2179	//
[b87a5ed]	2180	// typedef int foo;
	2181	// {
	2182	// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
	2183	// }
[c11e31c]	2184	//
[de62360d]	2185	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2186	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2187
[2871210]	2188	type_redeclarator:
	2189	paren_type attribute_list_opt
	2190	\| type_ptr
	2191	\| type_array attribute_list_opt
	2192	\| type_function attribute_list_opt
[4d51835]	2193	;
[51b7345]	2194
[2871210]	2195	paren_type:
	2196	typedef
	2197	\| '(' paren_type ')'
[4d51835]	2198	{ $$ = $2; }
	2199	;
[51b7345]	2200
[2871210]	2201	type_ptr:
	2202	'*' type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2203	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[2871210]	2204	\| '*' type_qualifier_list type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2205	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
[2871210]	2206	\| '(' type_ptr ')'
[4d51835]	2207	{ $$ = $2; }
	2208	;
[51b7345]	2209
[2871210]	2210	type_array:
	2211	paren_type array_dimension
[4d51835]	2212	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2213	\| '(' type_ptr ')' array_dimension
[4d51835]	2214	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2215	\| '(' type_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2216	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2217	\| '(' type_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2218	{ $$ = $2; }
	2219	;
[51b7345]	2220
[2871210]	2221	type_function:
	2222	paren_type '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2223	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2224	\| '(' type_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2225	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
[2871210]	2226	\| '(' type_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2227	{ $$ = $2; }
	2228	;
[51b7345]	2229
[de62360d]	2230	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a typedef
	2231	// name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern precludes declaring an
	2232	// array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to
	2233	// arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2234
	2235	identifier_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2236	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
	2237	\| identifier_parameter_ptr
	2238	\| identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2239	\| identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
	2240	;
[51b7345]	2241
	2242	identifier_parameter_ptr:
[4d51835]	2243	'*' identifier_parameter_declarator
	2244	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2245	\| '*' type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
	2246	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2247	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
	2248	{ $$ = $2; }
	2249	;
[51b7345]	2250
	2251	identifier_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2252	paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
	2253	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2254	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2255	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2256	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2257	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2258	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2259	{ $$ = $2; }
	2260	;
[51b7345]	2261
	2262	identifier_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2263	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2264	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2265	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2266	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2267	\| '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2268	{ $$ = $2; }
	2269	;
[b87a5ed]	2270
[de62360d]	2271	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a typedef name,
	2272	// e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2273	//
[b87a5ed]	2274	// typedef int foo;
	2275	// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
[c11e31c]	2276	//
[de62360d]	2277	// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern handles the
	2278	// special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
[c11e31c]	2279	//
[b87a5ed]	2280	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
	2281	// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
	2282	// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
[c11e31c]	2283	//
	2284	// which precludes the following cases:
	2285	//
[b87a5ed]	2286	// typedef float T;
[4d51835]	2287	// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
[b87a5ed]	2288	// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
	2289	// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
	2290	// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
[c11e31c]	2291	//
[de62360d]	2292	// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type list, and
	2293	// not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes declaring an array of
	2294	// functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and
	2295	// functions.
[51b7345]	2296
[2871210]	2297	type_parameter_redeclarator:
[4d51835]	2298	typedef attribute_list_opt
[2871210]	2299	\| type_parameter_ptr
	2300	\| type_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2301	\| type_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[4d51835]	2302	;
[51b7345]	2303
	2304	typedef:
[4d51835]	2305	TYPEDEFname
	2306	{
[de62360d]	2307	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
[4d51835]	2308	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2309	}
[2871210]	2310	\| TYPEGENname
	2311	{
	2312	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
	2313	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2314	}
[4d51835]	2315	;
[51b7345]	2316
[2871210]	2317	type_parameter_ptr:
	2318	'*' type_parameter_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2319	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[2871210]	2320	\| '*' type_qualifier_list type_parameter_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2321	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
[2871210]	2322	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')'
[4d51835]	2323	{ $$ = $2; }
	2324	;
[51b7345]	2325
[2871210]	2326	type_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2327	typedef array_parameter_dimension
	2328	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2329	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
[4d51835]	2330	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2331	;
[51b7345]	2332
[2871210]	2333	type_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2334	typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2335	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2336	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2337	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2338	;
[b87a5ed]	2339
[de62360d]	2340	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no identifier to
	2341	// which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2342	//
[b87a5ed]	2343	// sizeof( int );
	2344	// sizeof( int [10] );
[c11e31c]	2345	//
[de62360d]	2346	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2347	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2348
	2349	abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2350	abstract_ptr
	2351	\| abstract_array attribute_list_opt
	2352	\| abstract_function attribute_list_opt
	2353	;
[51b7345]	2354
	2355	abstract_ptr:
[4d51835]	2356	'*'
	2357	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2358	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2359	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2360	\| '*' abstract_declarator
	2361	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2362	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
	2363	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2364	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')'
	2365	{ $$ = $2; }
	2366	;
[51b7345]	2367
	2368	abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2369	array_dimension
	2370	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2371	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2372	\| '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2373	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2374	\| '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2375	{ $$ = $2; }
	2376	;
[51b7345]	2377
	2378	abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2379	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2380	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
	2381	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2382	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2383	\| '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2384	{ $$ = $2; }
	2385	;
[51b7345]	2386
	2387	array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2388	// Only the first dimension can be empty.
[2871210]	2389	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	2390	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
[2871210]	2391	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension
	2392	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	2393	\| multi_array_dimension
	2394	;
[51b7345]	2395
	2396	multi_array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2397	'[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2398	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
	2399	\| '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2400	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
	2401	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2402	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
	2403	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2404	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
	2405	;
[51b7345]	2406
[c11e31c]	2407	// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2408	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
	2409	//
[b87a5ed]	2410	// int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2411	// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2412	//
[de62360d]	2413	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2414	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2415
	2416	abstract_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2417	abstract_parameter_ptr
	2418	\| abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2419	\| abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
	2420	;
[51b7345]	2421
	2422	abstract_parameter_ptr:
[4d51835]	2423	'*'
	2424	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2425	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2426	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2427	\| '*' abstract_parameter_declarator
	2428	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2429	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
	2430	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2431	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
	2432	{ $$ = $2; }
	2433	;
[51b7345]	2434
	2435	abstract_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2436	array_parameter_dimension
	2437	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
	2438	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2439	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2440	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2441	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2442	{ $$ = $2; }
	2443	;
[51b7345]	2444
	2445	abstract_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2446	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2447	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
	2448	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2449	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2450	\| '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2451	{ $$ = $2; }
	2452	;
[51b7345]	2453
	2454	array_parameter_dimension:
[4d51835]	2455	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
	2456	array_parameter_1st_dimension
	2457	\| array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
	2458	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2459	\| multi_array_dimension
	2460	;
[51b7345]	2461
[c11e31c]	2462	// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
	2463	//
[de62360d]	2464	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall appear only in
	2465	// a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the outermost array type derivation."
[51b7345]	2466
	2467	array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[2871210]	2468	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	2469	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
	2470	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
	2471	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2472	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2473	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
	2474	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
	2475	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
	2476	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2477	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2478	\| '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
	2479	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
	2480	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
	2481	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
	2482	;
[b87a5ed]	2483
[de62360d]	2484	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type applies,
	2485	// e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2486	//
[b87a5ed]	2487	// sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
[c11e31c]	2488	//
[de62360d]	2489	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2490	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2491
	2492	variable_abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2493	variable_abstract_ptr
	2494	\| variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
	2495	\| variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
	2496	;
[51b7345]	2497
	2498	variable_abstract_ptr:
[4d51835]	2499	'*'
	2500	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2501	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2502	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2503	\| '*' variable_abstract_declarator
	2504	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2505	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
	2506	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2507	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
	2508	{ $$ = $2; }
	2509	;
[51b7345]	2510
	2511	variable_abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2512	array_dimension
	2513	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2514	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2515	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2516	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2517	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2518	{ $$ = $2; }
	2519	;
[51b7345]	2520
	2521	variable_abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2522	'(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2523	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2524	\| '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2525	{ $$ = $2; }
	2526	;
[b87a5ed]	2527
[de62360d]	2528	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either an
	2529	// identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
[b87a5ed]	2530
	2531	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2532	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	2533	\| new_abstract_tuple
	2534	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2535	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2536	;
[b87a5ed]	2537
	2538	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2539	new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2540	\| new_identifier_parameter_array
	2541	;
[b87a5ed]	2542
	2543	new_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
[4d51835]	2544	'*' type_specifier
	2545	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2546	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
	2547	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2548	\| '*' new_abstract_function
	2549	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2550	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
	2551	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2552	\| '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
	2553	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2554	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
	2555	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2556	;
[b87a5ed]	2557
	2558	new_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
[de62360d]	2559	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
	2560	// shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
[2871210]	2561	'[' ']' type_specifier
	2562	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2563	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
	2564	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2565	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2566	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2567	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2568	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2569	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2570	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2571	\| '[' ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2572	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2573	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2574	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2575	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2576	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2577	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2578	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2579	\| multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2580	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2581	;
[51b7345]	2582
	2583	new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[4d51835]	2584	'[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2585	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2586	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2587	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2588	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2589	// declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
	2590	// assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
	2591	// appear in this context.
	2592	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
	2593	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2594	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
	2595	;
[b87a5ed]	2596
[de62360d]	2597	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2598	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2599	//
[b87a5ed]	2600	// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2601	// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2602	//
	2603	// These rules need LR(3):
	2604	//
[2871210]	2605	// new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name
	2606	// '[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[c11e31c]	2607	//
	2608	// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
	2609	//
[b87a5ed]	2610	// [int, int] t;
	2611	// [int, int] f( int );
[c11e31c]	2612	//
[2871210]	2613	// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_type_name to know when to reduce
[de62360d]	2614	// new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the necessary
	2615	// lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and tuple declarations are
	2616	// duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier.
[b87a5ed]	2617
	2618	new_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2619	new_abstract_tuple
	2620	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2621	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2622	\| new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
	2623	;
[b87a5ed]	2624
	2625	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2626	new_abstract_ptr
	2627	\| new_abstract_array
	2628	;
[b87a5ed]	2629
	2630	new_abstract_ptr: // CFA
[4d51835]	2631	'*' type_specifier
	2632	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2633	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
	2634	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2635	\| '*' new_abstract_function
	2636	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2637	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
	2638	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2639	\| '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	2640	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2641	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	2642	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2643	;
[b87a5ed]	2644
	2645	new_abstract_array: // CFA
[de62360d]	2646	// Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce conflict with
	2647	// empty (void) function return type.
[2871210]	2648	'[' ']' type_specifier
	2649	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2650	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2651	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2652	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2653	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2654	\| '[' ']' new_abstract_ptr
	2655	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2656	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2657	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2658	\| multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2659	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2660	;
[b87a5ed]	2661
	2662	new_abstract_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2663	'[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
	2664	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	2665	;
[b87a5ed]	2666
	2667	new_abstract_function: // CFA
[2871210]	2668	'[' ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
	2669	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $4, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	2670	\| new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2671	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
	2672	\| new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2673	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
	2674	;
[b87a5ed]	2675
[de62360d]	2676	// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration specifiers in
	2677	// each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and type name."
[c11e31c]	2678	//
[de62360d]	2679	// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the beginning of
	2680	// the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
[c11e31c]	2681	//
	2682	// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
	2683	// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
	2684	//
[de62360d]	2685	// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter identifier and
	2686	// declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an obsolescent feature.
[51b7345]	2687
[c11e31c]	2688	//*********************** MISCELLANEOUS ******************************
[51b7345]	2689
[b87a5ed]	2690	comma_opt: // redundant comma
[4d51835]	2691	// empty
	2692	\| ','
	2693	;
[51b7345]	2694
	2695	assignment_opt:
[4d51835]	2696	// empty
	2697	{ $$ = 0; }
	2698	\| '=' assignment_expression
	2699	{ $$ = $2; }
	2700	;
[51b7345]	2701
	2702	%%
[c11e31c]	2703	// ----end of grammar----
[51b7345]	2704
[5f2f2d7]	2705	void yyerror( const char * ) {
	2706	std::cout << "Error ";
[b87a5ed]	2707	if ( yyfilename ) {
[5f2f2d7]	2708	std::cout << "in file " << yyfilename << " ";
	2709	} // if
[b1d6dd5]	2710	std::cout << "at line " << yylineno << " reading token \"" << (yytext[0] == '\0' ? "EOF" : yytext) << "\"" << std::endl;
[51b7345]	2711	}
	2712
[c11e31c]	2713	// Local Variables: //
[b87a5ed]	2714	// mode: c++ //
[de62360d]	2715	// tab-width: 4 //
[c11e31c]	2716	// compile-command: "make install" //
	2717	// End: //

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