Context Navigation

parser.yy @ b3b2077

ADTaaron-thesisarm-ehast-experimentalcleanup-dtorsdeferred_resndemanglerenumforall-pointer-decayjacob/cs343-translationjenkins-sandboxnew-astnew-ast-unique-exprnew-envno_listpersistent-indexerpthread-emulationqualifiedEnumresolv-newwith_gc

Last change on this file since b3b2077 was 8780e30, checked in by Rob Schluntz <rschlunt@…>, 8 years ago
build appropriate nodes when parsing member tuple expressions
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 105.2 KB

Rev	Line
[b87a5ed]	1	//
	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
	6	//
[974906e2]	7	// cfa.y --
	8	//
[c11e31c]	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
	10	// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[1b29996]	12	// Last Modified On : Wed Oct 26 17:35:53 2016
	13	// Update Count : 2066
[974906e2]	14	//
[c11e31c]	15
[de62360d]	16	// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the C
	17	// grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts have been
	18	// copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to constitute a new grammar.
	19	// In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it parses less incorrect language syntax
	20	// that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless, there are still several semantic checks
	21	// required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
[c11e31c]	22
[de62360d]	23	// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got stuck with
	24	// the grammar.
[c11e31c]	25
	26	// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
	27	//
	28	// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
	29	//
[de62360d]	30	// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar also has
	31	// two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
[c11e31c]	32	//
[e7aed49]	33	// 1. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
	34	// 2. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
[c11e31c]	35	//
[de62360d]	36	// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for Cforall
	37	// (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language concepts. All of the
	38	// syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above, there is one unreconcileable
	39	// parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is discussed in detail before the "designation"
	40	// grammar rule.
[51b7345]	41
	42	%{
[b87a5ed]	43	#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
	44	#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
[51b7345]	45
	46	#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
	47
	48	#include <cstdio>
	49	#include <stack>
	50	#include "lex.h"
[984dce6]	51	#include "parser.h"
[51b7345]	52	#include "ParseNode.h"
[984dce6]	53	#include "TypedefTable.h"
[1db21619]	54	#include "TypeData.h"
[51b7345]	55	#include "LinkageSpec.h"
[2298f728]	56	using namespace std;
[51b7345]	57
[cbaee0d]	58	extern DeclarationNode * parseTree;
[8b7ee09]	59	extern LinkageSpec::Spec linkage;
[0da3e2c]	60	extern TypedefTable typedefTable;
	61
[2298f728]	62	stack< LinkageSpec::Spec > linkageStack;
[7bf7fb9]	63
[2298f728]	64	void appendStr( string to, string from ) {
[7bf7fb9]	65	// "abc" "def" "ghi" => "abcdefghi", remove new text from quotes and insert before last quote in old string.
[ab57786]	66	to->insert( to->length() - 1, from->substr( 1, from->length() - 2 ) );
[7bf7fb9]	67	} // appendStr
[51b7345]	68	%}
	69
[c11e31c]	70	//*********************** TERMINAL TOKENS ******************************
[51b7345]	71
[c11e31c]	72	// keywords
[51b7345]	73	%token TYPEDEF
	74	%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
[b87a5ed]	75	%token INLINE // C99
	76	%token FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
[51b7345]	77	%token CONST VOLATILE
[b87a5ed]	78	%token RESTRICT // C99
	79	%token FORALL LVALUE // CFA
[51b7345]	80	%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
[90c3b1c]	81	%token VALIST // GCC
[b87a5ed]	82	%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
	83	%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
[51b7345]	84	%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
[e7aed49]	85	%token OTYPE FTYPE DTYPE TRAIT // CFA
[5721a6d]	86	%token SIZEOF OFFSETOF
[b87a5ed]	87	%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
[51b7345]	88	%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
[02e5ab6]	89	%token CHOOSE DISABLE ENABLE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH CATCHRESUME FINALLY THROW THROWRESUME AT // CFA
[b87a5ed]	90	%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
[c11e31c]	91	%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF ATOMIC GENERIC NORETURN STATICASSERT THREADLOCAL // C11
[51b7345]	92
[c11e31c]	93	// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
[b87a5ed]	94	%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
	95	%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
[1b29996]	96	%token<tok> INTEGERconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
	97	// Floating point constant is broken into three kinds of tokens because of the ambiguity with tuple indexing and
	98	// overloading constants 0/1, e.g., x.1 is lexed as (x)(.1), where (.1) is a factional constant, but is semantically
	99	// converted into the tuple index (.)(1). e.g., 3.x
	100	%token<tok> REALDECIMALconstant REALFRACTIONconstant FLOATINGconstant
[b87a5ed]	101	%token<tok> ZERO ONE // CFA
[51b7345]	102
[c11e31c]	103	// multi-character operators
[b87a5ed]	104	%token ARROW // ->
	105	%token ICR DECR // ++ --
	106	%token LS RS // << >>
	107	%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
	108	%token ANDAND OROR // && \|\|
	109	%token ELLIPSIS // ...
	110
	111	%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // *= /= %=/
	112	%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
	113	%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
	114	%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= \|=
[51b7345]	115
[e7aed49]	116	%token ATassign // @=
[097e2b0]	117
[c11e31c]	118	// Types declaration
[51b7345]	119	%union
	120	{
[b87a5ed]	121	Token tok;
	122	ParseNode *pn;
	123	ExpressionNode *en;
	124	DeclarationNode *decl;
[68cd1ce]	125	DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
[b87a5ed]	126	DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
	127	StatementNode *sn;
[d1625f8]	128	ConstantExpr *constant;
[2f22cc4]	129	ForCtl *fctl;
[7f5566b]	130	LabelNode *label;
[b87a5ed]	131	InitializerNode *in;
[d9e2280]	132	OperKinds op;
[ab57786]	133	std::string *str;
[7f5566b]	134	bool flag;
[51b7345]	135	}
	136
[097e2b0]	137	%type<tok> identifier no_01_identifier no_attr_identifier zero_one
[2871210]	138	%type<tok> identifier_or_type_name no_attr_identifier_or_type_name no_01_identifier_or_type_name
[ab57786]	139	%type<constant> string_literal
	140	%type<str> string_literal_list
[51b7345]	141
[c11e31c]	142	// expressions
[d1625f8]	143	%type<en> constant
[b87a5ed]	144	%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
[9706554]	145	%type<op> ptrref_operator unary_operator assignment_operator
[b87a5ed]	146	%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
	147	%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
	148	%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
	149	%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
	150	%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
	151	%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
[2f22cc4]	152	%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression assignment_opt
	153	%type<fctl> for_control_expression
[51b7345]	154	%type<en> subrange
[7f5566b]	155	%type<en> asm_operands_opt asm_operands_list asm_operand
	156	%type<label> label_list
[d1625f8]	157	%type<en> asm_clobbers_list_opt
[7f5566b]	158	%type<flag> asm_volatile_opt
[51b7345]	159
[c11e31c]	160	// statements
[b87a5ed]	161	%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
[097e2b0]	162	%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
[b87a5ed]	163	%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
	164	%type<sn> statement statement_list
	165	%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
[51b7345]	166	%type<sn> case_clause
[8688ce1]	167	%type<en> case_value
	168	%type<sn> case_value_list case_label case_label_list
[b87a5ed]	169	%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
[1d4580a]	170	%type<sn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
[51b7345]	171
[c11e31c]	172	// declarations
[51b7345]	173	%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
	174	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
	175	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
	176
	177	%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
	178	%type<decl> aggregate_name
	179
	180	%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
	181
	182	%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
	183
	184	%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
	185
	186	%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
	187
[4040425]	188	%type<decl> trait_declaration trait_declaration_list trait_declaring_list trait_specifier
[51b7345]	189
	190	%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
	191	%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
	192
	193	%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
	194
	195	%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
	196	%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
	197
	198	%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
	199
	200	%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
[8780e30]	201	%type<en> field field_list field_name fraction_constants
[51b7345]	202
[4d51835]	203	%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
[51b7345]	204
	205	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
	206	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
	207
	208	%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	209	%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
	210	%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
	211
	212	%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
	213
[4040425]	214	%type<decl> new_trait_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
[51b7345]	215	%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
	216
	217	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	218	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	219
	220	%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
	221
	222	%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
	223
	224	%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
	225	%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
	226
	227	%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
	228	%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
	229
[2871210]	230	%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_type
[51b7345]	231
[0da3e2c]	232	%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_list
[51b7345]	233
	234	%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
	235
	236	%type<tclass> type_class
	237	%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
	238
[2871210]	239	%type<decl> typedef type_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
	240	%type<decl> type_function type_parameter_array type_parameter_function type_parameter_ptr
[c6b1105]	241	%type<decl> type_parameter_redeclarator type_ptr variable_type_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
[2871210]	242	%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier typegen_name
[51b7345]	243
	244	%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
	245	%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
	246
	247	%type<en> type_name_list
	248
	249	%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
	250
	251	%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
	252	%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
	253
[1db21619]	254	%type<decl> attribute_list_opt attribute_list attribute
	255
[c11e31c]	256	// initializers
[51b7345]	257	%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
	258
[c11e31c]	259	// designators
[51b7345]	260	%type<en> designator designator_list designation
	261
	262
[b87a5ed]	263	// Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
	264	// is ambiguous:
	265	// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[c11e31c]	266	// if ( C ) S1 else S2
[b87a5ed]	267	// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
[51b7345]	268
[c11e31c]	269	%nonassoc THEN // rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
	270	%nonassoc ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement
[51b7345]	271
[b87a5ed]	272	%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
[51b7345]	273
	274	%%
[c11e31c]	275	//*********************** Namespace Management ******************************
	276
[de62360d]	277	// The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal symbols
	278	// "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a purely context-free
	279	// grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic constructs. Hence, this
	280	// grammar uses the ANSI style.
[c11e31c]	281	//
[de62360d]	282	// Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance, those
[9059213]	283	// introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parameterized types. This latter
[de62360d]	284	// type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
[c11e31c]	285	//
[de62360d]	286	// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context information, it
[9059213]	287	// accesses a data structure (TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that it has just read. Semantic
	288	// actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of identifiers change.
[c11e31c]	289	//
[de62360d]	290	// Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its class in a
	291	// local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can be local to a
	292	// particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing between type names that are
	293	// local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of the declaration (i.e., names defined in
[9059213]	294	// "typedef" or "otype" declarations).
[c11e31c]	295	//
[de62360d]	296	// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and closing of
	297	// scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do not always occur
	298	// within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly necessary from a semantic point
	299	// of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing conflicts -- the parser may not have
	300	// enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra
	301	// rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around
	302	// "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve conflicts of this sort.
[51b7345]	303
	304	push:
[ab57786]	305	{ typedefTable.enterScope(); }
[4d51835]	306	;
[51b7345]	307
	308	pop:
[ab57786]	309	{ typedefTable.leaveScope(); }
[4d51835]	310	;
[51b7345]	311
[c11e31c]	312	//*********************** CONSTANTS ******************************
[51b7345]	313
	314	constant:
[de62360d]	315	// ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type "enumeration constant".
[ab57786]	316	INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *$1 ) ); }
[1b29996]	317	\| REALDECIMALconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
	318	\| REALFRACTIONconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
[ab57786]	319	\| FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
	320	\| CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantChar( *$1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	321	;
[51b7345]	322
	323	identifier:
[4d51835]	324	IDENTIFIER
	325	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	326	\| zero_one // CFA
	327	;
[51b7345]	328
	329	no_01_identifier:
[4d51835]	330	IDENTIFIER
	331	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	332	;
[51b7345]	333
	334	no_attr_identifier:
[4d51835]	335	IDENTIFIER
[bd85400]	336	\| zero_one // CFA
[4d51835]	337	;
[51b7345]	338
[b87a5ed]	339	zero_one: // CFA
[4d51835]	340	ZERO
	341	\| ONE
	342	;
[51b7345]	343
[ab57786]	344	string_literal:
	345	string_literal_list { $$ = build_constantStr( *$1 ); }
	346	;
	347
[b87a5ed]	348	string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
[ab57786]	349	STRINGliteral { $$ = $1; } // conversion from tok to str
[7bf7fb9]	350	\| string_literal_list STRINGliteral
	351	{
[ab57786]	352	appendStr( $1, $2 ); // append 2nd juxtaposed string to 1st
[7bf7fb9]	353	delete $2; // allocated by lexer
[ab57786]	354	$$ = $1; // conversion from tok to str
[7bf7fb9]	355	}
[4d51835]	356	;
[51b7345]	357
[c11e31c]	358	//*********************** EXPRESSIONS ******************************
[51b7345]	359
	360	primary_expression:
[4d51835]	361	IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
[d1625f8]	362	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	363	\| zero_one
[d1625f8]	364	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[1b29996]	365	\| tuple
[4d51835]	366	\| '(' comma_expression ')'
	367	{ $$ = $2; }
	368	\| '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
[1b77274]	369	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_valexpr( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	370	;
[51b7345]	371
	372	postfix_expression:
[4d51835]	373	primary_expression
	374	\| postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
[c6b1105]	375	// CFA, comma_expression disallowed in this context because it results in a common user error: subscripting a
[de62360d]	376	// matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards compatible, there seems to be
	377	// little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is
	378	// equivalent to the old x[i,j].
[d1625f8]	379	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Index, $1, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	380	\| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
[d1625f8]	381	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	382	\| postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
[d1625f8]	383	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	384	\| postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
[3b58d91]	385	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $5 ) ) ); }
[1b29996]	386	\| postfix_expression REALFRACTIONconstant // CFA, tuple index
[8780e30]	387	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_field_name_REALFRACTIONconstant( *$2 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	388	\| postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
[d1625f8]	389	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	390	\| postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
[3b58d91]	391	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	392	\| postfix_expression ICR
[d1625f8]	393	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::IncrPost, $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	394	\| postfix_expression DECR
[d1625f8]	395	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::DecrPost, $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	396	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // C99
[d1625f8]	397	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, new InitializerNode( $5, true ) ) ); }
[097e2b0]	398	\| postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA
	399	{
[9706554]	400	Token fn;
[9c23f31]	401	fn.str = new std::string( "?{}" ); // location undefined - use location of '{'?
[b6fe7e6]	402	$$ = new ExpressionNode( new ConstructorExpr( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $1 )->set_last( $3 ) ) ) );
[097e2b0]	403	}
[4d51835]	404	;
[51b7345]	405
	406	argument_expression_list:
[4d51835]	407	argument_expression
	408	\| argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
[1d4580a]	409	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	410	;
[51b7345]	411
	412	argument_expression:
[4d51835]	413	// empty
	414	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
	415	\| assignment_expression
	416	;
[b87a5ed]	417
	418	field_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	419	field
[1d4580a]	420	\| field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	421	;
[b87a5ed]	422
	423	field: // CFA, tuple field selector
[faddbd8]	424	field_name
[1b29996]	425	\| REALDECIMALconstant field
[8780e30]	426	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_REALDECIMALconstant( *$1 ) ), maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $2 ) ) ); }
[1b29996]	427	\| REALDECIMALconstant '[' push field_list pop ']'
[8780e30]	428	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_REALDECIMALconstant( *$1 ) ), build_tuple( $4 ) ) ); }
[faddbd8]	429	\| field_name '.' field
[bf32bb8]	430	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 ) ) ); }
[faddbd8]	431	\| field_name '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
[bf32bb8]	432	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $5 ) ) ); }
[faddbd8]	433	\| field_name ARROW field
[bf32bb8]	434	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, maybeMoveBuild<Expression>( $3 ) ) ); }
[faddbd8]	435	\| field_name ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
[bf32bb8]	436	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_tuple( $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	437	;
[51b7345]	438
[8780e30]	439	field_name:
[1b29996]	440	INTEGERconstant fraction_constants
[8780e30]	441	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_constantInteger( *$1 ), $2 ) ); }
[1b29996]	442	\| FLOATINGconstant fraction_constants
[8780e30]	443	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_field_name_FLOATINGconstant( *$1 ), $2 ) ); }
[1b29996]	444	\| no_attr_identifier fraction_constants
[8780e30]	445	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_field_name_fraction_constants( build_varref( $1 ), $2 ) ); }
[1b29996]	446	;
	447
	448	fraction_constants:
	449	// empty
[8780e30]	450	{ $$ = nullptr; }
[1b29996]	451	\| fraction_constants REALFRACTIONconstant
[8780e30]	452	{
	453	Expression * constant = build_field_name_REALFRACTIONconstant( *$2 );
	454	$$ = $1 != nullptr ? new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, constant ) ) : new ExpressionNode( constant );
	455	}
[faddbd8]	456	;
	457
[51b7345]	458	unary_expression:
[4d51835]	459	postfix_expression
[c6b1105]	460	// first location where constant/string can have operator applied: sizeof 3/sizeof "abc" still requires
	461	// semantics checks, e.g., ++3, 3--, *3, &&3
[51b1202]	462	\| constant
	463	{ $$ = $1; }
[ab57786]	464	\| string_literal
[d1625f8]	465	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	466	\| EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
[e04ef3a]	467	{ $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
[c6b1105]	468	// '*' ('&') is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
	469	// { * X; } // dereference X
	470	// { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
[51e076e]	471	\| ptrref_operator cast_expression // CFA
[9706554]	472	{
	473	switch ( $1 ) {
[d9e2280]	474	case OperKinds::AddressOf:
[d1625f8]	475	$$ = new ExpressionNode( build_addressOf( $2 ) );
[9706554]	476	break;
[d9e2280]	477	case OperKinds::PointTo:
[d1625f8]	478	$$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) );
[9706554]	479	break;
	480	default:
	481	assert( false );
	482	}
	483	}
[4d51835]	484	\| unary_operator cast_expression
[d1625f8]	485	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) ); }
[dd51906]	486	\| ICR unary_expression
[d1625f8]	487	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Incr, $2 ) ); }
[dd51906]	488	\| DECR unary_expression
[d1625f8]	489	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Decr, $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	490	\| SIZEOF unary_expression
[d1625f8]	491	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_sizeOfexpr( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	492	\| SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
[d1625f8]	493	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_sizeOftype( $3 ) ); }
	494	\| ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
	495	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_alignOfexpr( $2 ) ); }
	496	\| ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
	497	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_alignOftype( $3 ) ); }
[5721a6d]	498	\| OFFSETOF '(' type_name_no_function ',' no_attr_identifier ')'
[d1625f8]	499	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_offsetOf( $3, build_varref( $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	500	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER
[d1625f8]	501	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrexpr( build_varref( $1 ), nullptr ) ); }
[4d51835]	502	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
[d1625f8]	503	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrexpr( build_varref( $1 ), $3 ) ); }
	504	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
	505	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrtype( build_varref( $1 ), $3 ) ); }
[c6b1105]	506	// \| ANDAND IDENTIFIER // GCC, address of label
[d1625f8]	507	// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new OperatorNode( OperKinds::LabelAddress ), new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	508	;
[51b7345]	509
[dd51906]	510	ptrref_operator:
[d9e2280]	511	'*' { $$ = OperKinds::PointTo; }
	512	\| '&' { $$ = OperKinds::AddressOf; }
[c6b1105]	513	// GCC, address of label must be handled by semantic check for ref,ref,label
[d9e2280]	514	// \| ANDAND { $$ = OperKinds::And; }
[dd51906]	515	;
	516
[51b7345]	517	unary_operator:
[d9e2280]	518	'+' { $$ = OperKinds::UnPlus; }
	519	\| '-' { $$ = OperKinds::UnMinus; }
	520	\| '!' { $$ = OperKinds::Neg; }
	521	\| '~' { $$ = OperKinds::BitNeg; }
[4d51835]	522	;
[51b7345]	523
	524	cast_expression:
[4d51835]	525	unary_expression
	526	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	527	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
[1b29996]	528	// \| '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
	529	// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	530	;
[51b7345]	531
	532	multiplicative_expression:
[4d51835]	533	cast_expression
	534	\| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	535	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mul, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	536	\| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	537	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Div, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	538	\| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	539	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mod, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	540	;
[51b7345]	541
	542	additive_expression:
[4d51835]	543	multiplicative_expression
	544	\| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
[d1625f8]	545	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Plus, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	546	\| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
[d1625f8]	547	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Minus, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	548	;
[51b7345]	549
	550	shift_expression:
[4d51835]	551	additive_expression
	552	\| shift_expression LS additive_expression
[d1625f8]	553	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	554	\| shift_expression RS additive_expression
[d1625f8]	555	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::RShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	556	;
[51b7345]	557
	558	relational_expression:
[4d51835]	559	shift_expression
	560	\| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
[d1625f8]	561	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	562	\| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
[d1625f8]	563	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	564	\| relational_expression LE shift_expression
[d1625f8]	565	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	566	\| relational_expression GE shift_expression
[d1625f8]	567	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	568	;
[51b7345]	569
	570	equality_expression:
[4d51835]	571	relational_expression
	572	\| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
[d1625f8]	573	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Eq, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	574	\| equality_expression NE relational_expression
[d1625f8]	575	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Neq, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	576	;
[51b7345]	577
	578	AND_expression:
[4d51835]	579	equality_expression
	580	\| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
[d1625f8]	581	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitAnd, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	582	;
[51b7345]	583
	584	exclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	585	AND_expression
	586	\| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
[d1625f8]	587	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Xor, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	588	;
[51b7345]	589
	590	inclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	591	exclusive_OR_expression
	592	\| inclusive_OR_expression '\|' exclusive_OR_expression
[d1625f8]	593	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitOr, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	594	;
[51b7345]	595
	596	logical_AND_expression:
[4d51835]	597	inclusive_OR_expression
	598	\| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
[d1625f8]	599	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	600	;
[51b7345]	601
	602	logical_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	603	logical_AND_expression
	604	\| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
[d1625f8]	605	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	606	;
[51b7345]	607
	608	conditional_expression:
[4d51835]	609	logical_OR_expression
	610	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
[d1625f8]	611	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
[d9e2280]	612	// FIX ME: this hack computes $1 twice
[4d51835]	613	\| logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
[d1625f8]	614	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $1, $4 ) ); }
[1b29996]	615	// \| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple // CFA, tuple expression
	616	// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	617	;
[51b7345]	618
	619	constant_expression:
[4d51835]	620	conditional_expression
	621	;
[51b7345]	622
	623	assignment_expression:
[4d51835]	624	// CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
	625	conditional_expression
	626	\| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
[d1625f8]	627	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_ptr( $2, $1, $3 ) ); }
[1b29996]	628	// \| tuple assignment_opt // CFA, tuple expression
	629	// { $$ = ( $2 == 0 ) ? $1 : new ExpressionNode( build_binary_ptr( OperKinds::Assign, $1, $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	630	;
[51b7345]	631
	632	assignment_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	633	// empty
[d1625f8]	634	{ $$ = nullptr; }
[4d51835]	635	\| assignment_expression
	636	;
[b87a5ed]	637
[9706554]	638	assignment_operator:
[d9e2280]	639	'=' { $$ = OperKinds::Assign; }
[a839867]	640	\| ATassign { $$ = OperKinds::AtAssn; }
[d9e2280]	641	\| MULTassign { $$ = OperKinds::MulAssn; }
	642	\| DIVassign { $$ = OperKinds::DivAssn; }
	643	\| MODassign { $$ = OperKinds::ModAssn; }
	644	\| PLUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::PlusAssn; }
	645	\| MINUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::MinusAssn; }
	646	\| LSassign { $$ = OperKinds::LSAssn; }
	647	\| RSassign { $$ = OperKinds::RSAssn; }
	648	\| ANDassign { $$ = OperKinds::AndAssn; }
	649	\| ERassign { $$ = OperKinds::ERAssn; }
	650	\| ORassign { $$ = OperKinds::OrAssn; }
[413ad05]	651	;
[9706554]	652
[b87a5ed]	653	tuple: // CFA, tuple
[de62360d]	654	// CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce conflict with
	655	// comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and new_abstract_array
[1b29996]	656	// '[' ']'
	657	// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple() ); }
	658	// '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	659	// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( $3 ) ); }
	660	'[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
[1d4580a]	661	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)(new ExpressionNode( nullptr ) )->set_last( $4 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	662	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
[1d4580a]	663	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	664	;
[51b7345]	665
	666	tuple_expression_list:
[4d51835]	667	assignment_expression_opt
	668	\| tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
[1d4580a]	669	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	670	;
[51b7345]	671
	672	comma_expression:
[4d51835]	673	assignment_expression
[9706554]	674	\| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression
[d1625f8]	675	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_comma( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	676	;
[51b7345]	677
	678	comma_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	679	// empty
	680	{ $$ = 0; }
	681	\| comma_expression
	682	;
[51b7345]	683
[c11e31c]	684	//************************* STATEMENTS *****************************
[51b7345]	685
	686	statement:
[4d51835]	687	labeled_statement
	688	\| compound_statement
	689	\| expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
	690	\| selection_statement
	691	\| iteration_statement
	692	\| jump_statement
	693	\| exception_statement
	694	\| asm_statement
[097e2b0]	695	\| '^' postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' ';' // CFA
	696	{
[d9e2280]	697	Token fn;
[2298f728]	698	fn.str = new string( "^?{}" ); // location undefined
[e82aa9df]	699	$$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $2 )->set_last( $4 ) ) ) ) );
[097e2b0]	700	}
[4d51835]	701	;
[51b7345]	702
	703	labeled_statement:
[c6b1105]	704	// labels cannot be identifiers 0 or 1
	705	IDENTIFIER ':' attribute_list_opt statement
[1db21619]	706	{
	707	$$ = $4->add_label( $1 );
	708	}
[4d51835]	709	;
[51b7345]	710
	711	compound_statement:
[4d51835]	712	'{' '}'
[e82aa9df]	713	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)0 ) ); }
[4d51835]	714	\| '{'
[de62360d]	715	// Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within the block also
	716	// requires its own scope
[4d51835]	717	push push
[51b1202]	718	local_label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
[4d51835]	719	block_item_list pop '}' // C99, intermix declarations and statements
[e82aa9df]	720	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	721	;
[b87a5ed]	722
	723	block_item_list: // C99
[4d51835]	724	block_item
	725	\| block_item_list push block_item
[1d4580a]	726	{ if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $3 ); $$ = $1; } }
[4d51835]	727	;
[51b7345]	728
	729	block_item:
[4d51835]	730	declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
[e82aa9df]	731	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	732	\| EXTENSION declaration // GCC
[8e9cbb2]	733	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	734	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	735	iter->set_extension( true );
[e82aa9df]	736	$$ = new StatementNode( $2 );
[8e9cbb2]	737	}
[4d51835]	738	\| function_definition
[e82aa9df]	739	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	740	\| statement pop
	741	;
[51b7345]	742
	743	statement_list:
[4d51835]	744	statement
	745	\| statement_list statement
[1d4580a]	746	{ if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; } }
[4d51835]	747	;
[51b7345]	748
	749	expression_statement:
[4d51835]	750	comma_expression_opt ';'
[e82aa9df]	751	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	752	;
[51b7345]	753
	754	selection_statement:
[4d51835]	755	IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
	756	// explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
[e82aa9df]	757	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, nullptr ) ); }
[4d51835]	758	\| IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
[e82aa9df]	759	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, $7 ) ); }
[4d51835]	760	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
[e82aa9df]	761	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	762	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
[4e06c1e]	763	{
[e82aa9df]	764	StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $8 ) );
[4e06c1e]	765	// The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include associated initialization, which is performed
	766	// before the transfer to the appropriate case clause by hoisting the declarations into a compound
	767	// statement around the switch. Statements after the initial declaration list can never be executed, and
[8688ce1]	768	// therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C allows it. The change also applies to choose
	769	// statement.
[e82aa9df]	770	$$ = $7 != 0 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
[4e06c1e]	771	}
[4d51835]	772	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
[e82aa9df]	773	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	774	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
[4e06c1e]	775	{
[e82aa9df]	776	StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $8 ) );
	777	$$ = $7 != 0 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
[4e06c1e]	778	}
[4d51835]	779	;
[b87a5ed]	780
[de62360d]	781	// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a case
	782	// clause allows a list of values and subranges.
[b87a5ed]	783
	784	case_value: // CFA
[4d51835]	785	constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
	786	\| constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
[d1625f8]	787	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	788	\| subrange // CFA, subrange
	789	;
[b87a5ed]	790
	791	case_value_list: // CFA
[e82aa9df]	792	case_value { $$ = new StatementNode( build_case( $1 ) ); }
[064e3ff]	793	// convert case list, e.g., "case 1, 3, 5:" into "case 1: case 3: case 5"
[e82aa9df]	794	\| case_value_list ',' case_value { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_case( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	795	;
[b87a5ed]	796
	797	case_label: // CFA
[8688ce1]	798	CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = $2; }
[e82aa9df]	799	\| DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( build_default() ); }
[4d51835]	800	// A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
	801	;
[b87a5ed]	802
	803	case_label_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	804	case_label
[1d4580a]	805	\| case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 )); }
[4d51835]	806	;
[b87a5ed]	807
	808	case_clause: // CFA
[e82aa9df]	809	case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	810	;
[b87a5ed]	811
	812	switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	813	// empty
	814	{ $$ = 0; }
	815	\| switch_clause_list
	816	;
[b87a5ed]	817
	818	switch_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	819	case_label_list statement_list
[e82aa9df]	820	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	821	\| switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
[e82aa9df]	822	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	823	;
[b87a5ed]	824
	825	choose_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	826	// empty
	827	{ $$ = 0; }
	828	\| choose_clause_list
	829	;
[b87a5ed]	830
	831	choose_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	832	case_label_list fall_through
[de62360d]	833	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	834	\| case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
[e82aa9df]	835	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)$2->set_last( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	836	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
[1d4580a]	837	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( $3 ))); }
[4d51835]	838	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
[e82aa9df]	839	{ $$ = (StatementNode )( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode )$3->set_last( $4 ) ) ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	840	;
[b87a5ed]	841
	842	fall_through_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	843	// empty
[ab57786]	844	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); } // insert implicit break
[4d51835]	845	\| fall_through
	846	;
[b87a5ed]	847
	848	fall_through: // CFA
[4e06c1e]	849	FALLTHRU
	850	{ $$ = 0; }
	851	\| FALLTHRU ';'
	852	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	853	;
[51b7345]	854
	855	iteration_statement:
[4d51835]	856	WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[e82aa9df]	857	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	858	\| DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
[4ed70597]	859	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $5, $2, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	860	\| FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
[e82aa9df]	861	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_for( $4, $6 ) ); }
[4d51835]	862	;
[51b7345]	863
	864	for_control_expression:
[4d51835]	865	comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
[2f22cc4]	866	{ $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $4, $6 ); }
[4d51835]	867	\| declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99
[2f22cc4]	868	{ $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $2, $4 ); }
[d1625f8]	869	;
[51b7345]	870
	871	jump_statement:
[c6b1105]	872	GOTO IDENTIFIER ';'
[ab57786]	873	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Goto ) ); }
[4d51835]	874	\| GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
[4e06c1e]	875	// The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto i+3; => goto (i+3);
[de62360d]	876	// whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (*i)+3;
[e82aa9df]	877	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_computedgoto( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	878	\| CONTINUE ';'
[de62360d]	879	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	880	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
[4e06c1e]	881	\| CONTINUE IDENTIFIER ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
[de62360d]	882	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
	883	// the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	884	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
[4d51835]	885	\| BREAK ';'
[de62360d]	886	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	887	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
[4e06c1e]	888	\| BREAK IDENTIFIER ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
[de62360d]	889	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
	890	// the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	891	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
[4d51835]	892	\| RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
[e82aa9df]	893	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_return( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	894	\| THROW assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles rethrow
[e82aa9df]	895	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	896	\| THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles reresume
[e82aa9df]	897	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	898	\| THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt AT assignment_expression ';' // handles reresume
[e82aa9df]	899	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	900	;
[51b7345]	901
	902	exception_statement:
[4d51835]	903	TRY compound_statement handler_list
[e82aa9df]	904	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, 0 ) ); }
[4d51835]	905	\| TRY compound_statement finally_clause
[e82aa9df]	906	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, 0, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	907	\| TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
[e82aa9df]	908	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	909	;
[51b7345]	910
	911	handler_list:
[4d51835]	912	handler_clause
[de62360d]	913	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6 ) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for its try block.
[4d51835]	914	\| CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	915	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $5, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	916	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	917	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $6, true ) ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	918	\| CATCHRESUME '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	919	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $5, true ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	920	\| handler_clause CATCHRESUME '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	921	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $6, true ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	922	;
[51b7345]	923
	924	handler_clause:
[4d51835]	925	CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	926	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $5, $8 ) ); }
[4d51835]	927	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[1b77274]	928	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $6, $9 ) ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	929	\| CATCHRESUME '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	930	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $5, $8 ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	931	\| handler_clause CATCHRESUME '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	932	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $6, $9 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	933	;
[51b7345]	934
	935	finally_clause:
[4d51835]	936	FINALLY compound_statement
	937	{
[e82aa9df]	938	$$ = new StatementNode( build_finally( $2 ) );
[4d51835]	939	}
	940	;
[51b7345]	941
	942	exception_declaration:
[4d51835]	943	// A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
	944	//
	945	// catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
	946	//
	947	// This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types.
	948	type_specifier
	949	\| type_specifier declarator
	950	{
	951	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	952	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	953	}
	954	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	955	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	956	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
	957	{
	958	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	959	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	960	}
	961	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	962	;
[51b7345]	963
	964	asm_statement:
[ab57786]	965	ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	966	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, 0 ) ); }
[ab57786]	967	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
[e82aa9df]	968	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
[ab57786]	969	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	970	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
[ab57786]	971	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	972	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8, $10 ) ); }
[ab57786]	973	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt GOTO '(' string_literal ':' ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ':' label_list ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	974	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $5, 0, $8, $10, $12 ) ); }
[7f5566b]	975	;
	976
	977	asm_volatile_opt: // GCC
	978	// empty
	979	{ $$ = false; }
	980	\| VOLATILE
	981	{ $$ = true; }
[4d51835]	982	;
[b87a5ed]	983
	984	asm_operands_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	985	// empty
[7f5566b]	986	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
[4d51835]	987	\| asm_operands_list
	988	;
[b87a5ed]	989
	990	asm_operands_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	991	asm_operand
	992	\| asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
[1d4580a]	993	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	994	;
[b87a5ed]	995
	996	asm_operand: // GCC
[ab57786]	997	string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
[e82aa9df]	998	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_asmexpr( 0, $1, $3 ) ); }
[ab57786]	999	\| '[' constant_expression ']' string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
[1b77274]	1000	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_asmexpr( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
[7f5566b]	1001	;
	1002
[4e06c1e]	1003	asm_clobbers_list_opt: // GCC
[7f5566b]	1004	// empty
	1005	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
[ab57786]	1006	\| string_literal
[d1625f8]	1007	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
[ab57786]	1008	\| asm_clobbers_list_opt ',' string_literal
[e82aa9df]	1009	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1010	;
[b87a5ed]	1011
[7f5566b]	1012	label_list:
	1013	no_attr_identifier
[ab57786]	1014	{
	1015	$$ = new LabelNode(); $$->labels.push_back( *$1 );
	1016	delete $1; // allocated by lexer
	1017	}
[7f5566b]	1018	\| label_list ',' no_attr_identifier
[ab57786]	1019	{
	1020	$$ = $1; $1->labels.push_back( *$3 );
	1021	delete $3; // allocated by lexer
	1022	}
[4d51835]	1023	;
[51b7345]	1024
[c11e31c]	1025	//***************************** DECLARATIONS *******************************
[51b7345]	1026
[b87a5ed]	1027	declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
[4d51835]	1028	pop
	1029	{ $$ = 0; }
	1030	\| declaration_list
	1031	;
[51b7345]	1032
	1033	declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1034	declaration
	1035	\| declaration_list push declaration
	1036	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1037	;
[51b7345]	1038
[b87a5ed]	1039	old_declaration_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
[4d51835]	1040	pop
	1041	{ $$ = 0; }
	1042	\| old_declaration_list
	1043	;
[51b7345]	1044
	1045	old_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1046	old_declaration
	1047	\| old_declaration_list push old_declaration
	1048	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1049	;
[b87a5ed]	1050
[51b1202]	1051	local_label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	1052	// empty
[51b1202]	1053	\| local_label_declaration_list
[4d51835]	1054	;
[b87a5ed]	1055
[51b1202]	1056	local_label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
	1057	LABEL local_label_list ';'
	1058	\| local_label_declaration_list LABEL local_label_list ';'
[4d51835]	1059	;
[b87a5ed]	1060
[51b1202]	1061	local_label_list: // GCC, local label
[7f5566b]	1062	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
[51b1202]	1063	\| local_label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
[4d51835]	1064	;
[b87a5ed]	1065
	1066	declaration: // CFA, new & old style declarations
[4d51835]	1067	new_declaration
	1068	\| old_declaration
	1069	;
[b87a5ed]	1070
[de62360d]	1071	// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and function
	1072	// declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places declaration modifiers to
	1073	// the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of the base type. CFA declaration
	1074	// modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type specification is distributed across all variables in
	1075	// the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program
	1076	// block, but cannot be mixed within a specific declaration.
[c11e31c]	1077	//
[b87a5ed]	1078	// CFA C
	1079	// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
	1080	// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
	1081
	1082	new_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1083	new_variable_declaration pop ';'
	1084	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1085	\| new_function_declaration pop ';'
	1086	\| type_declaring_list pop ';'
[4040425]	1087	\| trait_specifier pop ';'
[4d51835]	1088	;
[b87a5ed]	1089
	1090	new_variable_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1091	new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
	1092	{
	1093	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1094	$$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 );
[4d51835]	1095	}
	1096	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
[de62360d]	1097	// declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude
	1098	// them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
[4d51835]	1099	{
	1100	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1101	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 );;
[4d51835]	1102	}
[2871210]	1103	\| new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name initializer_opt
[4d51835]	1104	{
	1105	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1106	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) );
[4d51835]	1107	}
	1108	;
[b87a5ed]	1109
	1110	new_variable_specifier: // CFA
[de62360d]	1111	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
	1112	// storage-class
[2871210]	1113	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1114	{
	1115	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	1116	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	1117	}
[2871210]	1118	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1119	{
	1120	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	1121	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	1122	}
[2871210]	1123	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1124	{
	1125	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
	1126	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
	1127	}
	1128	;
[b87a5ed]	1129
	1130	new_function_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1131	new_function_specifier
	1132	{
	1133	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1134	$$ = $1;
	1135	}
	1136	\| type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1137	{
	1138	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1139	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1140	}
	1141	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1142	{
	1143	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1144	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1145	}
	1146	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1147	{
	1148	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1149	$$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 );
	1150	}
[2871210]	1151	\| new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1152	{
	1153	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	1154	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1155	}
	1156	;
[b87a5ed]	1157
	1158	new_function_specifier: // CFA
[1b29996]	1159	// '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // S/R conflict
	1160	// {
	1161	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0, true );
	1162	// }
[2871210]	1163	// '[' ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1164	// {
	1165	// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
	1166	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1167	// }
	1168	// \| '[' ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1169	// {
	1170	// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
	1171	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1172	// }
	1173	// \| '[' ']' typegen_name
	1174	// identifier_or_type_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
[4d51835]	1175	//
[2871210]	1176	// '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[4d51835]	1177	// '[' ']' type_specifier
	1178	//
[2871210]	1179	// type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g., typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this must be
	1180	// flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce identifier_or_type_name.
[1b29996]	1181	new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[de62360d]	1182	// To obtain LR(1 ), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see new_abstract_declarator).
[4d51835]	1183	{
	1184	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1185	}
[2871210]	1186	\| new_function_return identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[4d51835]	1187	{
	1188	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1189	}
	1190	;
[b87a5ed]	1191
	1192	new_function_return: // CFA
[4d51835]	1193	'[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
	1194	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	1195	\| '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
[de62360d]	1196	// To obtain LR(1 ), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to lookahead to the
	1197	// ']'.
[4d51835]	1198	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
	1199	;
[b87a5ed]	1200
	1201	new_typedef_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1202	TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
	1203	{
[de62360d]	1204	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1205	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1206	}
	1207	\| TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
	1208	{
[de62360d]	1209	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1210	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1211	}
	1212	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
	1213	{
[de62360d]	1214	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1215	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1216	}
	1217	;
[b87a5ed]	1218
[de62360d]	1219	// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is factored out as
	1220	// a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and initialization.
[51b7345]	1221
	1222	typedef_declaration:
[4d51835]	1223	TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
	1224	{
[de62360d]	1225	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1226	$$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
	1227	}
	1228	\| typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
	1229	{
[de62360d]	1230	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1231	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
	1232	}
[de62360d]	1233	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
[4d51835]	1234	{
[de62360d]	1235	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1236	$$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1237	}
	1238	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
	1239	{
[de62360d]	1240	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1241	$$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1242	}
	1243	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
	1244	{
[de62360d]	1245	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
	1246	$$ = $4->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef()->addType( $1 );
[4d51835]	1247	}
	1248	;
[b87a5ed]	1249
[721f17a]	1250	typedef_expression:
	1251	// GCC, naming expression type: typedef name = exp; gives a name to the type of an expression
[4d51835]	1252	TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1253	{
[de62360d]	1254	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1255	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1256	}
	1257	\| typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1258	{
[de62360d]	1259	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1260	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1261	}
	1262	;
[51b7345]	1263
	1264	old_declaration:
[4d51835]	1265	declaring_list pop ';'
	1266	\| typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1267	\| typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
	1268	\| sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
	1269	;
[51b7345]	1270
	1271	declaring_list:
[de62360d]	1272	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
	1273	// storage-class
[4d51835]	1274	declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1275	{
	1276	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1277	$$ = ( $2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer( $4 );
[4d51835]	1278	}
	1279	\| declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1280	{
	1281	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1282	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer( $6 ) ) );
[4d51835]	1283	}
	1284	;
[b87a5ed]	1285
	1286	declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
[4d51835]	1287	basic_declaration_specifier
	1288	\| sue_declaration_specifier
	1289	\| typedef_declaration_specifier
	1290	\| typegen_declaration_specifier
	1291	;
[b87a5ed]	1292
	1293	type_specifier: // declaration specifier - storage class
[4d51835]	1294	basic_type_specifier
	1295	\| sue_type_specifier
	1296	\| typedef_type_specifier
	1297	\| typegen_type_specifier
	1298	;
[b87a5ed]	1299
	1300	type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
[4d51835]	1301	// empty
	1302	{ $$ = 0; }
	1303	\| type_qualifier_list
	1304	;
[51b7345]	1305
	1306	type_qualifier_list:
[de62360d]	1307	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of declaration.
[4d51835]	1308	//
[de62360d]	1309	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4 ) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
	1310	// specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as if it
	1311	// appeared only once.
[4d51835]	1312	type_qualifier
	1313	\| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
	1314	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1315	;
[51b7345]	1316
	1317	type_qualifier:
[4d51835]	1318	type_qualifier_name
	1319	\| attribute
[c1c1112]	1320	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
[4d51835]	1321	;
[51b7345]	1322
	1323	type_qualifier_name:
[4d51835]	1324	CONST
	1325	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
	1326	\| RESTRICT
	1327	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
	1328	\| VOLATILE
	1329	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
	1330	\| LVALUE // CFA
	1331	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
	1332	\| ATOMIC
	1333	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Atomic ); }
	1334	\| FORALL '('
	1335	{
	1336	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1337	}
	1338	type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
	1339	{
	1340	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1341	$$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
	1342	}
	1343	;
[51b7345]	1344
	1345	declaration_qualifier_list:
[4d51835]	1346	storage_class_list
[de62360d]	1347	\| type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
[4d51835]	1348	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1349	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
	1350	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1351	;
[51b7345]	1352
	1353	storage_class_list:
[de62360d]	1354	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration and that
	1355	// only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
[4d51835]	1356	//
[de62360d]	1357	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the declaration
	1358	// specifiers in a declaration.
[4d51835]	1359	storage_class
	1360	\| storage_class_list storage_class
	1361	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1362	;
[51b7345]	1363
	1364	storage_class:
[4d51835]	1365	EXTERN
	1366	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
	1367	\| STATIC
	1368	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
	1369	\| AUTO
	1370	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
	1371	\| REGISTER
	1372	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
	1373	\| INLINE // C99
[c1c1112]	1374	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
	1375	{ $$ = new DeclarationNode; $$->isInline = true; }
[4d51835]	1376	\| FORTRAN // C99
	1377	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
[68cd1ce]	1378	\| NORETURN // C11
[c1c1112]	1379	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Noreturn ); }
	1380	{ $$ = new DeclarationNode; $$->isNoreturn = true; }
[68cd1ce]	1381	\| THREADLOCAL // C11
	1382	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Threadlocal ); }
[4d51835]	1383	;
[51b7345]	1384
	1385	basic_type_name:
[4d51835]	1386	CHAR
	1387	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
	1388	\| DOUBLE
	1389	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
	1390	\| FLOAT
	1391	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
	1392	\| INT
	1393	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
	1394	\| LONG
[5b639ee]	1395	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
[4d51835]	1396	\| SHORT
[5b639ee]	1397	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
[4d51835]	1398	\| SIGNED
[5b639ee]	1399	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
[4d51835]	1400	\| UNSIGNED
[5b639ee]	1401	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
[4d51835]	1402	\| VOID
	1403	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
	1404	\| BOOL // C99
	1405	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
	1406	\| COMPLEX // C99
[5b639ee]	1407	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
[4d51835]	1408	\| IMAGINARY // C99
[5b639ee]	1409	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
[90c3b1c]	1410	\| VALIST // GCC, __builtin_va_list
	1411	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Valist ); }
[4d51835]	1412	;
[51b7345]	1413
	1414	basic_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1415	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
	1416	basic_type_specifier
	1417	\| declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
	1418	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1419	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1420	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1421	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1422	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1423	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
	1424	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
	1425	;
[51b7345]	1426
	1427	basic_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1428	direct_type_name
	1429	\| type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
	1430	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1431	;
[51b7345]	1432
	1433	direct_type_name:
[4d51835]	1434	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers.
	1435	basic_type_name
	1436	\| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
	1437	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1438	\| direct_type_name type_qualifier
	1439	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1440	\| direct_type_name basic_type_name
	1441	{ $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
	1442	;
[51b7345]	1443
	1444	indirect_type_name:
[4d51835]	1445	TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
	1446	{ $$ = $3; }
	1447	\| TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
	1448	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
	1449	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
	1450	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1451	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
	1452	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1453	;
[51b7345]	1454
	1455	sue_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1456	sue_type_specifier
	1457	\| declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
	1458	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1459	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1460	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1461	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1462	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1463	;
[51b7345]	1464
	1465	sue_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1466	elaborated_type_name // struct, union, enum
	1467	\| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
	1468	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1469	\| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1470	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1471	;
[51b7345]	1472
	1473	typedef_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1474	typedef_type_specifier
	1475	\| declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
	1476	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1477	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1478	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1479	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1480	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1481	;
[b87a5ed]	1482
	1483	typedef_type_specifier: // typedef types
[4d51835]	1484	TYPEDEFname
	1485	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
	1486	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
	1487	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1488	\| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1489	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1490	;
[51b7345]	1491
	1492	elaborated_type_name:
[4d51835]	1493	aggregate_name
	1494	\| enum_name
	1495	;
[51b7345]	1496
	1497	aggregate_name:
[4d51835]	1498	aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
[2298f728]	1499	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, nullptr, nullptr, $3, true ); }
[2871210]	1500	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[45161b4d]	1501	{
	1502	typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 );
[2298f728]	1503	$$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, nullptr, nullptr, false );
[45161b4d]	1504	}
	1505	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1506	{ typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 ); }
	1507	'{' field_declaration_list '}'
[1b77274]	1508	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, nullptr, $5, true ); }
[721f17a]	1509	\| aggregate_key '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
[2298f728]	1510	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, nullptr, $3, $6, false ); }
[2871210]	1511	\| aggregate_key typegen_name // CFA, S/R conflict
	1512	{ $$ = $2; }
[4d51835]	1513	;
[51b7345]	1514
	1515	aggregate_key:
[4d51835]	1516	STRUCT attribute_list_opt
	1517	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
	1518	\| UNION attribute_list_opt
	1519	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
	1520	;
[51b7345]	1521
	1522	field_declaration_list:
[5d125e4]	1523	// empty
	1524	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	1525	\| field_declaration_list field_declaration
[5d125e4]	1526	{ $$ = $1 != 0 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
[4d51835]	1527	;
[51b7345]	1528
	1529	field_declaration:
[4d51835]	1530	new_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
	1531	\| EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
[ca35c51]	1532	{ $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
[4d51835]	1533	\| field_declaring_list ';'
	1534	\| EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
[8e9cbb2]	1535	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	1536	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	1537	iter->set_extension( true );
	1538	$$ = $2;
	1539	}
[4d51835]	1540	;
[b87a5ed]	1541
	1542	new_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
[4d51835]	1543	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA, no field name
[2871210]	1544	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1545	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1546	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1547	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
	1548	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' // CFA, no field name
	1549	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
	1550	;
[51b7345]	1551
	1552	field_declaring_list:
[4d51835]	1553	type_specifier field_declarator
	1554	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1555	\| field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
	1556	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
	1557	;
[51b7345]	1558
	1559	field_declarator:
[4d51835]	1560	// empty
	1561	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ } // CFA, no field name
	1562	\| bit_subrange_size // no field name
	1563	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
	1564	\| variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
	1565	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1566	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
[c6b1105]	1567	\| variable_type_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
[4d51835]	1568	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1569	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
	1570	\| variable_abstract_declarator // CFA, no field name
	1571	;
[51b7345]	1572
	1573	bit_subrange_size_opt:
[4d51835]	1574	// empty
	1575	{ $$ = 0; }
	1576	\| bit_subrange_size
	1577	{ $$ = $1; }
	1578	;
[51b7345]	1579
	1580	bit_subrange_size:
[4d51835]	1581	':' constant_expression
	1582	{ $$ = $2; }
	1583	;
[51b7345]	1584
	1585	enum_key:
[4d51835]	1586	ENUM attribute_list_opt
	1587	;
[51b7345]	1588
	1589	enum_name:
[4d51835]	1590	enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
[2298f728]	1591	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( nullptr, $3 ); }
[2871210]	1592	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[45161b4d]	1593	{
	1594	typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 );
	1595	$$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 );
	1596	}
	1597	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1598	{ typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 ); }
	1599	'{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1600	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $5 ); }
[4d51835]	1601	;
[51b7345]	1602
	1603	enumerator_list:
[2871210]	1604	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
[4d51835]	1605	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
[2871210]	1606	\| enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
[4d51835]	1607	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
	1608	;
[51b7345]	1609
	1610	enumerator_value_opt:
[4d51835]	1611	// empty
	1612	{ $$ = 0; }
	1613	\| '=' constant_expression
	1614	{ $$ = $2; }
	1615	;
[51b7345]	1616
[c11e31c]	1617	// Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end.
[51b7345]	1618
[b87a5ed]	1619	new_parameter_type_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1620	// empty
	1621	{ $$ = 0; }
	1622	\| new_parameter_type_list
	1623	;
[b87a5ed]	1624
	1625	new_parameter_type_list: // CFA, abstract + real
[4d51835]	1626	new_abstract_parameter_list
	1627	\| new_parameter_list
	1628	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
	1629	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1630	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1631	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1632	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1633	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1634	;
[b87a5ed]	1635
	1636	new_parameter_list: // CFA
[de62360d]	1637	// To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last new_abstract_parameter_list is
	1638	// factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get lookahead to the ']'.
[4d51835]	1639	new_parameter_declaration
	1640	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1641	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1642	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1643	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1644	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1645	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
	1646	;
[b87a5ed]	1647
	1648	new_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
[4d51835]	1649	new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1650	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1651	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1652	;
[51b7345]	1653
	1654	parameter_type_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1655	// empty
	1656	{ $$ = 0; }
	1657	\| parameter_type_list
	1658	;
[51b7345]	1659
	1660	parameter_type_list:
[4d51835]	1661	parameter_list
	1662	\| parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1663	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1664	;
[b87a5ed]	1665
	1666	parameter_list: // abstract + real
[4d51835]	1667	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1668	\| parameter_declaration
	1669	\| parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
	1670	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1671	\| parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
	1672	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1673	;
[51b7345]	1674
[de62360d]	1675	// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different semantics
[2871210]	1676	// for typedef name by using type_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and function prototypes.
[51b7345]	1677
[b87a5ed]	1678	new_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1679	parameter_declaration
[2871210]	1680	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1681	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1682	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1683	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1684	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1685	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1686	{ $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1687	\| new_function_specifier
	1688	;
[b87a5ed]	1689
	1690	new_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1691	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1692	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	1693	\| new_abstract_tuple
	1694	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1695	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	1696	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1697	\| new_abstract_function
	1698	;
[51b7345]	1699
	1700	parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1701	declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
	1702	{
	1703	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1704	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
[4d51835]	1705	}
[2871210]	1706	\| declaration_specifier type_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1707	{
	1708	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1709	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
[4d51835]	1710	}
	1711	;
[51b7345]	1712
	1713	abstract_parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1714	declaration_specifier
	1715	\| declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
	1716	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1717	;
[51b7345]	1718
[c11e31c]	1719	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
[de62360d]	1720	// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is based only on
	1721	// identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
[51b7345]	1722
[b87a5ed]	1723	identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
[4d51835]	1724	no_attr_identifier
	1725	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
	1726	\| identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
	1727	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
	1728	;
[51b7345]	1729
[2871210]	1730	identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1731	identifier
	1732	\| TYPEDEFname
	1733	\| TYPEGENname
	1734	;
[51b7345]	1735
[2871210]	1736	no_01_identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1737	no_01_identifier
	1738	\| TYPEDEFname
	1739	\| TYPEGENname
	1740	;
[51b7345]	1741
[2871210]	1742	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1743	no_attr_identifier
	1744	\| TYPEDEFname
[721f17a]	1745	\| TYPEGENname
[4d51835]	1746	;
[b87a5ed]	1747
	1748	type_name_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
[4d51835]	1749	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1750	\| type_specifier
	1751	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	1752	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1753	;
[b87a5ed]	1754
	1755	type_name: // typeof, assertion
[4d51835]	1756	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1757	\| new_abstract_function // CFA
	1758	\| type_specifier
	1759	\| type_specifier abstract_declarator
	1760	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1761	;
[51b7345]	1762
	1763	initializer_opt:
[4d51835]	1764	// empty
	1765	{ $$ = 0; }
[2871210]	1766	\| '=' initializer
	1767	{ $$ = $2; }
[097e2b0]	1768	\| ATassign initializer
[974906e2]	1769	{ $$ = $2->set_maybeConstructed( false ); }
[4d51835]	1770	;
[51b7345]	1771
	1772	initializer:
[de62360d]	1773	assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode( $1 ); }
	1774	\| '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode( $2, true ); }
[4d51835]	1775	;
[51b7345]	1776
	1777	initializer_list:
[097e2b0]	1778	// empty
	1779	{ $$ = 0; }
	1780	\| initializer
[4d51835]	1781	\| designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
[1d4580a]	1782	\| initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1783	\| initializer_list ',' designation initializer
[1d4580a]	1784	{ $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $4->set_designators( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	1785	;
[b87a5ed]	1786
[de62360d]	1787	// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is use of
	1788	// '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
[c11e31c]	1789	//
[b87a5ed]	1790	// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
[c11e31c]	1791	//
[de62360d]	1792	// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this case, CFA
	1793	// changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC does uses ":" for
	1794	// field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be supported either due to
	1795	// shift/reduce conflicts
[51b7345]	1796
	1797	designation:
[4d51835]	1798	designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
[2871210]	1799	\| no_attr_identifier_or_type_name ':' // GCC, field name
[d1625f8]	1800	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1801	;
[51b7345]	1802
[b87a5ed]	1803	designator_list: // C99
[4d51835]	1804	designator
[2871210]	1805	\| designator_list designator
[1d4580a]	1806	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 ) ); }
[d1625f8]	1807	//\| designator_list designator { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	1808	;
[51b7345]	1809
	1810	designator:
[d1625f8]	1811	'.' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name // C99, field name
	1812	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1813	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
[de62360d]	1814	// assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with tuple.
[d1625f8]	1815	{ $$ = $3; }
[4d51835]	1816	\| '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
[d1625f8]	1817	{ $$ = $3; }
[4d51835]	1818	\| '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
[d1625f8]	1819	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1820	\| '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
[d1625f8]	1821	{ $$ = $4; }
[4d51835]	1822	;
[51b7345]	1823
[de62360d]	1824	// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type parameters,
	1825	// rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
[c11e31c]	1826	//
	1827	// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
	1828	//
[de62360d]	1829	// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used for object
	1830	// and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with initializers provide
	1831	// definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide opaque types.
[c11e31c]	1832	//
[de62360d]	1833	// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at the call
	1834	// site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
[c11e31c]	1835	//
	1836	// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
[de62360d]	1837	// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble subclass
	1838	// hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare that a type or
	1839	// types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used to declare requirements
	1840	// on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
[c11e31c]	1841
[b87a5ed]	1842	typegen_declaration_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1843	typegen_type_specifier
	1844	\| declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
	1845	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1846	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1847	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1848	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1849	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1850	;
[b87a5ed]	1851
	1852	typegen_type_specifier: // CFA
[2871210]	1853	typegen_name
	1854	\| type_qualifier_list typegen_name
	1855	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	1856	\| typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1857	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1858	;
[b87a5ed]	1859
[2871210]	1860	typegen_name: // CFA
	1861	TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
	1862	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
	1863	;
	1864
[b87a5ed]	1865	type_parameter_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1866	type_parameter assignment_opt
	1867	\| type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
	1868	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1869	;
[b87a5ed]	1870
	1871	type_parameter: // CFA
[2871210]	1872	type_class no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1873	{ typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD ); }
[4d51835]	1874	assertion_list_opt
	1875	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
	1876	\| type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
	1877	;
[b87a5ed]	1878
	1879	type_class: // CFA
[4040425]	1880	OTYPE
[5b639ee]	1881	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Otype; }
[4d51835]	1882	\| DTYPE
	1883	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
	1884	\| FTYPE
	1885	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
	1886	;
[b87a5ed]	1887
	1888	assertion_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1889	// empty
	1890	{ $$ = 0; }
	1891	\| assertion_list_opt assertion
[4e06c1e]	1892	{ $$ = $1 != 0 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
[4d51835]	1893	;
[b87a5ed]	1894
	1895	assertion: // CFA
[2871210]	1896	'\|' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_name_list ')'
[4d51835]	1897	{
[4040425]	1898	typedefTable.openTrait( *$2 );
	1899	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTraitUse( $2, $4 );
[4d51835]	1900	}
[4040425]	1901	\| '\|' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}'
[4d51835]	1902	{ $$ = $4; }
[4040425]	1903	\| '\|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
[4d51835]	1904	{ $$ = 0; }
	1905	;
[b87a5ed]	1906
	1907	type_name_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1908	type_name
[d1625f8]	1909	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_typevalue( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1910	\| assignment_expression
	1911	\| type_name_list ',' type_name
[1d4580a]	1912	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( build_typevalue( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	1913	\| type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
[1d4580a]	1914	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	1915	;
[b87a5ed]	1916
	1917	type_declaring_list: // CFA
[4040425]	1918	OTYPE type_declarator
[4d51835]	1919	{ $$ = $2; }
[4040425]	1920	\| storage_class_list OTYPE type_declarator
[4d51835]	1921	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1922	\| type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
	1923	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
	1924	;
[b87a5ed]	1925
	1926	type_declarator: // CFA
[4d51835]	1927	type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
	1928	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
	1929	\| type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
	1930	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
	1931	;
[b87a5ed]	1932
	1933	type_declarator_name: // CFA
[2871210]	1934	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1935	{
[de62360d]	1936	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1937	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
	1938	}
[2871210]	1939	\| no_01_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
[4d51835]	1940	{
[de62360d]	1941	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TG );
[4d51835]	1942	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
	1943	}
	1944	;
[b87a5ed]	1945
[4040425]	1946	trait_specifier: // CFA
	1947	TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
[4d51835]	1948	{
[de62360d]	1949	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
[4040425]	1950	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, 0 );
[4d51835]	1951	}
[4040425]	1952	\| TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
[4d51835]	1953	{
[4040425]	1954	typedefTable.enterTrait( *$2 );
[4d51835]	1955	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1956	}
[4040425]	1957	trait_declaration_list '}'
[4d51835]	1958	{
[4040425]	1959	typedefTable.leaveTrait();
[de62360d]	1960	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
[4040425]	1961	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, $10 );
[4d51835]	1962	}
	1963	;
[b87a5ed]	1964
[4040425]	1965	trait_declaration_list: // CFA
	1966	trait_declaration
	1967	\| trait_declaration_list push trait_declaration
[4d51835]	1968	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1969	;
[b87a5ed]	1970
[4040425]	1971	trait_declaration: // CFA
	1972	new_trait_declaring_list pop ';'
	1973	\| trait_declaring_list pop ';'
[4d51835]	1974	;
[b87a5ed]	1975
[4040425]	1976	new_trait_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1977	new_variable_specifier
	1978	{
	1979	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1980	$$ = $1;
	1981	}
	1982	\| new_function_specifier
	1983	{
	1984	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1985	$$ = $1;
	1986	}
[4040425]	1987	\| new_trait_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1988	{
[de62360d]	1989	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
[4d51835]	1990	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1991	}
	1992	;
[b87a5ed]	1993
[4040425]	1994	trait_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1995	type_specifier declarator
	1996	{
	1997	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1998	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	1999	}
[4040425]	2000	\| trait_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
[4d51835]	2001	{
	2002	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	2003	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
	2004	}
	2005	;
[51b7345]	2006
[c11e31c]	2007	//*************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS ***************************
[51b7345]	2008
	2009	translation_unit:
[4d51835]	2010	// empty
	2011	{} // empty input file
	2012	\| external_definition_list
[926af74]	2013	{ parseTree = parseTree != nullptr ? parseTree->appendList( $1 ) : $1; }
[4d51835]	2014	;
[51b7345]	2015
	2016	external_definition_list:
[4d51835]	2017	external_definition
	2018	\| external_definition_list push external_definition
[926af74]	2019	{ $$ = $1 != nullptr ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
[4d51835]	2020	;
[51b7345]	2021
	2022	external_definition_list_opt:
[4d51835]	2023	// empty
	2024	{ $$ = 0; }
	2025	\| external_definition_list
	2026	;
[51b7345]	2027
	2028	external_definition:
[4d51835]	2029	declaration
	2030	\| external_function_definition
	2031	\| asm_statement // GCC, global assembler statement
	2032	{}
	2033	\| EXTERN STRINGliteral
	2034	{
[3b8e52c]	2035	linkageStack.push( linkage ); // handle nested extern "C"/"Cforall"
[faddbd8]	2036	linkage = LinkageSpec::linkageCheck( $2 );
[4d51835]	2037	}
	2038	'{' external_definition_list_opt '}' // C++-style linkage specifier
	2039	{
	2040	linkage = linkageStack.top();
	2041	linkageStack.pop();
	2042	$$ = $5;
	2043	}
	2044	\| EXTENSION external_definition
[8e9cbb2]	2045	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	2046	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	2047	iter->set_extension( true );
	2048	$$ = $2;
	2049	}
[4d51835]	2050	;
	2051
	2052	external_function_definition:
	2053	function_definition
[de62360d]	2054	// These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant amount of
[c6b1105]	2055	// legacy code with global functions missing the type-specifier for the return type, and assuming "int".
	2056	// Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested
	2057	// functions preclude this concession, i.e., all nested function must have a return type). A function prototype
	2058	// declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
[4d51835]	2059	\| function_declarator compound_statement
	2060	{
	2061	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2062	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2063	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	2064	}
	2065	\| old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2066	{
	2067	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2068	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2069	$$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
	2070	}
	2071	;
[51b7345]	2072
	2073	function_definition:
[4d51835]	2074	new_function_declaration compound_statement // CFA
	2075	{
	2076	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2077	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2078	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	2079	}
	2080	\| declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
	2081	{
	2082	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2083	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2084	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
	2085	}
	2086	\| type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2087	{
	2088	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2089	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2090	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2091	}
	2092	\| declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2093	{
	2094	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2095	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2096	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2097	}
	2098	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2099	{
	2100	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2101	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2102	$$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2103	}
	2104
	2105	// Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	2106	\| declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2107	{
	2108	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2109	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2110	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
	2111	}
	2112	\| type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2113	{
	2114	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2115	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2116	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2117	}
	2118
	2119	// Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	2120	\| declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2121	{
	2122	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2123	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2124	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2125	}
	2126	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2127	{
	2128	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2129	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2130	$$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2131	}
	2132	;
[51b7345]	2133
	2134	declarator:
[4d51835]	2135	variable_declarator
[c6b1105]	2136	\| variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2137	\| function_declarator
	2138	;
[51b7345]	2139
	2140	subrange:
[4d51835]	2141	constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
[d1625f8]	2142	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	2143	;
[b87a5ed]	2144
	2145	asm_name_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2146	// empty
[c1c1112]	2147	\| ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt { delete $3; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2148	;
[b87a5ed]	2149
	2150	attribute_list_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2151	// empty
[1db21619]	2152	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	2153	\| attribute_list
	2154	;
[b87a5ed]	2155
	2156	attribute_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2157	attribute
	2158	\| attribute_list attribute
[1db21619]	2159	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	2160	;
[b87a5ed]	2161
	2162	attribute: // GCC
[4d51835]	2163	ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
[1db21619]	2164	// { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
	2165	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	2166	;
[b87a5ed]	2167
	2168	attribute_parameter_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2169	attrib
	2170	\| attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
	2171	;
[b87a5ed]	2172
	2173	attrib: // GCC
[4d51835]	2174	// empty
	2175	\| any_word
[c1c1112]	2176	\| any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')' { delete $3; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2177	;
[b87a5ed]	2178
	2179	any_word: // GCC
[c1c1112]	2180	identifier_or_type_name { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2181	\| storage_class { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2182	\| basic_type_name { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2183	\| type_qualifier { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2184	;
[51b7345]	2185
[c11e31c]	2186	// ============================================================================
[de62360d]	2187	// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are necessary
	2188	// because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage in an expression, as
	2189	// in:
[c11e31c]	2190	//
[b87a5ed]	2191	// int (*f())[10] { ... };
	2192	// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
[c11e31c]	2193	//
[de62360d]	2194	// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some or all of
	2195	// the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a particular context.
[c11e31c]	2196	// ============================================================================
	2197
	2198	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[de62360d]	2199	// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of declarators
	2200	// to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2201	//
[b87a5ed]	2202	// valid declaration invalid definition
	2203	// ----------------- ------------------
[4d51835]	2204	// int f; int f {}
	2205	// int f; int f {}
[b87a5ed]	2206	// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
[4d51835]	2207	// int (f)(int); int (f)(int) {}
[c11e31c]	2208	//
[de62360d]	2209	// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function declarators, hence
	2210	// variable_declarator and function_declarator.
[c11e31c]	2211	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	2212
[de62360d]	2213	// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern precludes
	2214	// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
[51b7345]	2215
	2216	variable_declarator:
[4d51835]	2217	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2218	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2219	\| variable_ptr
	2220	\| variable_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2221	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2222	\| variable_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2223	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2224	;
[51b7345]	2225
	2226	paren_identifier:
[4d51835]	2227	identifier
	2228	{
[de62360d]	2229	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
[4d51835]	2230	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2231	}
	2232	\| '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2233	{ $$ = $2; }
	2234	;
[51b7345]	2235
	2236	variable_ptr:
[dd51906]	2237	ptrref_operator variable_declarator
[4d51835]	2238	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2239	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
[4d51835]	2240	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2241	\| '(' variable_ptr ')'
	2242	{ $$ = $2; }
	2243	;
[51b7345]	2244
	2245	variable_array:
[4d51835]	2246	paren_identifier array_dimension
	2247	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2248	\| '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2249	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2250	\| '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2251	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2252	\| '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2253	{ $$ = $2; }
	2254	;
[51b7345]	2255
	2256	variable_function:
[4d51835]	2257	'(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2258	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2259	\| '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2260	{ $$ = $2; }
	2261	;
[51b7345]	2262
[c6b1105]	2263	// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. For non-nested functions, there is
	2264	// no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name, i.e., the typedef and function name cannot exist
	2265	// is the same scope. The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2266
	2267	function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2268	function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2269	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2270	\| function_ptr
	2271	\| function_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2272	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2273	;
[51b7345]	2274
	2275	function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2276	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2277	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2278	\| '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2279	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2280	\| '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2281	{ $$ = $2; }
	2282	;
[51b7345]	2283
	2284	function_ptr:
[dd51906]	2285	ptrref_operator function_declarator
[4d51835]	2286	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2287	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list function_declarator
[4d51835]	2288	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2289	\| '(' function_ptr ')'
	2290	{ $$ = $2; }
	2291	;
[51b7345]	2292
	2293	function_array:
[4d51835]	2294	'(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2295	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2296	\| '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2297	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2298	\| '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2299	{ $$ = $2; }
	2300	;
[51b7345]	2301
[de62360d]	2302	// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a typedef name
	2303	// (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus
	2304	// pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2305
	2306	old_function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2307	old_function_no_ptr
	2308	\| old_function_ptr
	2309	\| old_function_array
	2310	;
[51b7345]	2311
	2312	old_function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2313	paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
	2314	{ $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
	2315	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
	2316	{ $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
	2317	\| '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2318	{ $$ = $2; }
	2319	;
[51b7345]	2320
	2321	old_function_ptr:
[dd51906]	2322	ptrref_operator old_function_declarator
[4d51835]	2323	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2324	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
[4d51835]	2325	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2326	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')'
	2327	{ $$ = $2; }
	2328	;
[51b7345]	2329
	2330	old_function_array:
[4d51835]	2331	'(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2332	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2333	\| '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2334	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2335	\| '(' old_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2336	{ $$ = $2; }
	2337	;
[51b7345]	2338
[2871210]	2339	// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a type name, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2340	//
[b87a5ed]	2341	// typedef int foo;
	2342	// {
	2343	// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
	2344	// }
[c11e31c]	2345	//
[de62360d]	2346	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2347	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2348
[c6b1105]	2349	variable_type_redeclarator:
[2871210]	2350	paren_type attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2351	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2352	\| type_ptr
	2353	\| type_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2354	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2355	\| type_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2356	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2357	;
[51b7345]	2358
[2871210]	2359	paren_type:
	2360	typedef
	2361	\| '(' paren_type ')'
[4d51835]	2362	{ $$ = $2; }
	2363	;
[51b7345]	2364
[2871210]	2365	type_ptr:
[c6b1105]	2366	ptrref_operator variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2367	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[c6b1105]	2368	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2369	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
[2871210]	2370	\| '(' type_ptr ')'
[4d51835]	2371	{ $$ = $2; }
	2372	;
[51b7345]	2373
[2871210]	2374	type_array:
	2375	paren_type array_dimension
[4d51835]	2376	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2377	\| '(' type_ptr ')' array_dimension
[4d51835]	2378	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2379	\| '(' type_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2380	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2381	\| '(' type_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2382	{ $$ = $2; }
	2383	;
[51b7345]	2384
[2871210]	2385	type_function:
	2386	paren_type '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2387	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2388	\| '(' type_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2389	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
[2871210]	2390	\| '(' type_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2391	{ $$ = $2; }
	2392	;
[51b7345]	2393
[de62360d]	2394	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a typedef
	2395	// name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern precludes declaring an
	2396	// array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to
	2397	// arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2398
	2399	identifier_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2400	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2401	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2402	\| identifier_parameter_ptr
	2403	\| identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2404	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2405	\| identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2406	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2407	;
[51b7345]	2408
	2409	identifier_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2410	ptrref_operator identifier_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2411	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2412	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2413	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2414	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
	2415	{ $$ = $2; }
	2416	;
[51b7345]	2417
	2418	identifier_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2419	paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
	2420	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2421	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2422	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2423	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2424	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2425	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2426	{ $$ = $2; }
	2427	;
[51b7345]	2428
	2429	identifier_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2430	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2431	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2432	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2433	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2434	\| '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2435	{ $$ = $2; }
	2436	;
[b87a5ed]	2437
[de62360d]	2438	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a typedef name,
	2439	// e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2440	//
[b87a5ed]	2441	// typedef int foo;
	2442	// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
[c11e31c]	2443	//
[de62360d]	2444	// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern handles the
	2445	// special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
[c11e31c]	2446	//
[b87a5ed]	2447	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
	2448	// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
	2449	// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
[c11e31c]	2450	//
[c6b1105]	2451	// For example:
[c11e31c]	2452	//
[b87a5ed]	2453	// typedef float T;
[4d51835]	2454	// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
[b87a5ed]	2455	// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
	2456	// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
	2457	// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
[c11e31c]	2458	//
[de62360d]	2459	// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type list, and
	2460	// not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes declaring an array of
	2461	// functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and
	2462	// functions.
[51b7345]	2463
[2871210]	2464	type_parameter_redeclarator:
[4d51835]	2465	typedef attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2466	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2467	\| type_parameter_ptr
	2468	\| type_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2469	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2470	\| type_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2471	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2472	;
[51b7345]	2473
	2474	typedef:
[4d51835]	2475	TYPEDEFname
	2476	{
[de62360d]	2477	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
[4d51835]	2478	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2479	}
[2871210]	2480	\| TYPEGENname
	2481	{
	2482	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
	2483	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2484	}
[4d51835]	2485	;
[51b7345]	2486
[2871210]	2487	type_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2488	ptrref_operator type_parameter_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2489	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2490	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list type_parameter_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2491	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
[2871210]	2492	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')'
[4d51835]	2493	{ $$ = $2; }
	2494	;
[51b7345]	2495
[2871210]	2496	type_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2497	typedef array_parameter_dimension
	2498	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2499	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
[4d51835]	2500	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2501	;
[51b7345]	2502
[2871210]	2503	type_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2504	typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2505	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2506	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2507	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2508	;
[b87a5ed]	2509
[de62360d]	2510	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no identifier to
	2511	// which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2512	//
[b87a5ed]	2513	// sizeof( int );
	2514	// sizeof( int [10] );
[c11e31c]	2515	//
[de62360d]	2516	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2517	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2518
	2519	abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2520	abstract_ptr
	2521	\| abstract_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2522	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2523	\| abstract_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2524	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2525	;
[51b7345]	2526
	2527	abstract_ptr:
[dd51906]	2528	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2529	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2530	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2531	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2532	\| ptrref_operator abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2533	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2534	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2535	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2536	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')'
	2537	{ $$ = $2; }
	2538	;
[51b7345]	2539
	2540	abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2541	array_dimension
	2542	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2543	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2544	\| '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2545	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2546	\| '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2547	{ $$ = $2; }
	2548	;
[51b7345]	2549
	2550	abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2551	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[2298f728]	2552	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2553	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2554	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2555	\| '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2556	{ $$ = $2; }
	2557	;
[51b7345]	2558
	2559	array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2560	// Only the first dimension can be empty.
[2871210]	2561	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	2562	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
[2871210]	2563	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension
	2564	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	2565	\| multi_array_dimension
	2566	;
[51b7345]	2567
	2568	multi_array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2569	'[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2570	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
	2571	\| '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2572	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
	2573	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2574	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
	2575	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2576	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
	2577	;
[51b7345]	2578
[c11e31c]	2579	// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2580	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
	2581	//
[b87a5ed]	2582	// int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2583	// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2584	//
[de62360d]	2585	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2586	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2587
	2588	abstract_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2589	abstract_parameter_ptr
	2590	\| abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2591	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2592	\| abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2593	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2594	;
[51b7345]	2595
	2596	abstract_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2597	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2598	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2599	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2600	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2601	\| ptrref_operator abstract_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2602	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2603	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2604	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2605	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
	2606	{ $$ = $2; }
	2607	;
[51b7345]	2608
	2609	abstract_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2610	array_parameter_dimension
	2611	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
	2612	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2613	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2614	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2615	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2616	{ $$ = $2; }
	2617	;
[51b7345]	2618
	2619	abstract_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2620	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[2298f728]	2621	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2622	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2623	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2624	\| '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2625	{ $$ = $2; }
	2626	;
[51b7345]	2627
	2628	array_parameter_dimension:
[4d51835]	2629	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
	2630	array_parameter_1st_dimension
	2631	\| array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
	2632	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2633	\| multi_array_dimension
	2634	;
[51b7345]	2635
[c11e31c]	2636	// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
	2637	//
[de62360d]	2638	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall appear only in
	2639	// a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the outermost array type derivation."
[51b7345]	2640
	2641	array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[2871210]	2642	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	2643	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
	2644	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
	2645	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2646	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2647	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
	2648	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
	2649	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
	2650	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2651	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2652	\| '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
	2653	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
	2654	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
	2655	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
	2656	;
[b87a5ed]	2657
[de62360d]	2658	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type applies,
	2659	// e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2660	//
[b87a5ed]	2661	// sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
[c11e31c]	2662	//
[de62360d]	2663	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2664	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2665
	2666	variable_abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2667	variable_abstract_ptr
	2668	\| variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2669	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2670	\| variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2671	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2672	;
[51b7345]	2673
	2674	variable_abstract_ptr:
[dd51906]	2675	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2676	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2677	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2678	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2679	\| ptrref_operator variable_abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2680	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2681	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2682	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2683	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
	2684	{ $$ = $2; }
	2685	;
[51b7345]	2686
	2687	variable_abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2688	array_dimension
	2689	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2690	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2691	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2692	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2693	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2694	{ $$ = $2; }
	2695	;
[51b7345]	2696
	2697	variable_abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2698	'(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2699	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2700	\| '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2701	{ $$ = $2; }
	2702	;
[b87a5ed]	2703
[de62360d]	2704	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either an
	2705	// identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
[b87a5ed]	2706
	2707	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2708	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	2709	\| new_abstract_tuple
	2710	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2711	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2712	;
[b87a5ed]	2713
	2714	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2715	new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2716	\| new_identifier_parameter_array
	2717	;
[b87a5ed]	2718
	2719	new_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
[dd51906]	2720	ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2721	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2722	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2723	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2724	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2725	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2726	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2727	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2728	\| ptrref_operator new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2729	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2730	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2731	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2732	;
[b87a5ed]	2733
	2734	new_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
[de62360d]	2735	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
	2736	// shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
[2871210]	2737	'[' ']' type_specifier
	2738	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2739	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
	2740	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2741	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2742	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2743	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2744	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2745	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2746	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[9059213]	2747
[2871210]	2748	\| '[' ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2749	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2750	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2751	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2752	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2753	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2754	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2755	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2756	\| multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2757	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2758	;
[51b7345]	2759
	2760	new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[4d51835]	2761	'[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2762	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2763	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2764	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2765	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2766	// declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
	2767	// assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
	2768	// appear in this context.
	2769	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
	2770	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2771	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
	2772	;
[b87a5ed]	2773
[de62360d]	2774	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2775	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2776	//
[b87a5ed]	2777	// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2778	// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2779	//
	2780	// These rules need LR(3):
	2781	//
[2871210]	2782	// new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name
	2783	// '[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[c11e31c]	2784	//
	2785	// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
	2786	//
[b87a5ed]	2787	// [int, int] t;
	2788	// [int, int] f( int );
[c11e31c]	2789	//
[2871210]	2790	// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_type_name to know when to reduce
[de62360d]	2791	// new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the necessary
	2792	// lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and tuple declarations are
	2793	// duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier.
[b87a5ed]	2794
	2795	new_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2796	new_abstract_tuple
	2797	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2798	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2799	\| new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
	2800	;
[b87a5ed]	2801
	2802	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2803	new_abstract_ptr
	2804	\| new_abstract_array
	2805	;
[b87a5ed]	2806
	2807	new_abstract_ptr: // CFA
[dd51906]	2808	ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2809	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2810	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2811	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2812	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2813	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2814	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2815	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2816	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2817	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2818	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2819	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2820	;
[b87a5ed]	2821
	2822	new_abstract_array: // CFA
[de62360d]	2823	// Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce conflict with
	2824	// empty (void) function return type.
[2871210]	2825	'[' ']' type_specifier
[2298f728]	2826	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
[2871210]	2827	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
[2298f728]	2828	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2829	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2830	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2831	\| '[' ']' new_abstract_ptr
[2298f728]	2832	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
[2871210]	2833	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
[2298f728]	2834	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2835	\| multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2836	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2837	;
[b87a5ed]	2838
	2839	new_abstract_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2840	'[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
	2841	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	2842	;
[b87a5ed]	2843
	2844	new_abstract_function: // CFA
[1b29996]	2845	// '[' ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
	2846	// { $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, DeclarationNode::newTuple( nullptr ), $4, nullptr ); }
	2847	new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[2298f728]	2848	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2849	\| new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[2298f728]	2850	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2851	;
[b87a5ed]	2852
[de62360d]	2853	// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration specifiers in
	2854	// each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and type name."
[c11e31c]	2855	//
[de62360d]	2856	// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the beginning of
	2857	// the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
[c11e31c]	2858	//
	2859	// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
	2860	// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
	2861	//
[de62360d]	2862	// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter identifier and
	2863	// declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an obsolescent feature.
[51b7345]	2864
[c11e31c]	2865	//*********************** MISCELLANEOUS ******************************
[51b7345]	2866
[b87a5ed]	2867	comma_opt: // redundant comma
[4d51835]	2868	// empty
	2869	\| ','
	2870	;
[51b7345]	2871
	2872	assignment_opt:
[4d51835]	2873	// empty
	2874	{ $$ = 0; }
	2875	\| '=' assignment_expression
	2876	{ $$ = $2; }
	2877	;
[51b7345]	2878
	2879	%%
[c11e31c]	2880	// ----end of grammar----
[51b7345]	2881
[0da3e2c]	2882	extern char *yytext;
	2883
[5f2f2d7]	2884	void yyerror( const char * ) {
[2298f728]	2885	cout << "Error ";
[b87a5ed]	2886	if ( yyfilename ) {
[2298f728]	2887	cout << "in file " << yyfilename << " ";
[5f2f2d7]	2888	} // if
[2298f728]	2889	cout << "at line " << yylineno << " reading token \"" << (yytext[0] == '\0' ? "EOF" : yytext) << "\"" << endl;
[51b7345]	2890	}
	2891
[c11e31c]	2892	// Local Variables: //
[b87a5ed]	2893	// mode: c++ //
[de62360d]	2894	// tab-width: 4 //
[c11e31c]	2895	// compile-command: "make install" //
	2896	// End: //

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

Original Format