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parser.yy @ 9b4343e

ADTaaron-thesisarm-ehast-experimentalcleanup-dtorsdeferred_resndemanglerenumforall-pointer-decayjacob/cs343-translationjenkins-sandboxnew-astnew-ast-unique-exprnew-envno_listpersistent-indexerpthread-emulationqualifiedEnumresolv-newwith_gc

Last change on this file since 9b4343e was 9c23f31, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 8 years ago
fix conflicts
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 103.6 KB

Rev	Line
[b87a5ed]	1	//
	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
	6	//
[974906e2]	7	// cfa.y --
	8	//
[c11e31c]	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
	10	// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[9c23f31]	12	// Last Modified On : Sat Sep 24 12:16:53 2016
	13	// Update Count : 1992
[974906e2]	14	//
[c11e31c]	15
[de62360d]	16	// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the C
	17	// grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts have been
	18	// copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to constitute a new grammar.
	19	// In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it parses less incorrect language syntax
	20	// that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless, there are still several semantic checks
	21	// required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
[c11e31c]	22
[de62360d]	23	// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got stuck with
	24	// the grammar.
[c11e31c]	25
	26	// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
	27	//
	28	// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
	29	//
[de62360d]	30	// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar also has
	31	// two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
[c11e31c]	32	//
[e7aed49]	33	// 1. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
	34	// 2. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
[c11e31c]	35	//
[de62360d]	36	// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for Cforall
	37	// (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language concepts. All of the
	38	// syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above, there is one unreconcileable
	39	// parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is discussed in detail before the "designation"
	40	// grammar rule.
[51b7345]	41
	42	%{
[b87a5ed]	43	#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
	44	#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
[51b7345]	45
	46	#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
	47
	48	#include <cstdio>
	49	#include <stack>
	50	#include "lex.h"
[984dce6]	51	#include "parser.h"
[51b7345]	52	#include "ParseNode.h"
[984dce6]	53	#include "TypedefTable.h"
[1db21619]	54	#include "TypeData.h"
[51b7345]	55	#include "LinkageSpec.h"
[2298f728]	56	using namespace std;
[51b7345]	57
[cbaee0d]	58	extern DeclarationNode * parseTree;
[8b7ee09]	59	extern LinkageSpec::Spec linkage;
[0da3e2c]	60	extern TypedefTable typedefTable;
	61
[2298f728]	62	stack< LinkageSpec::Spec > linkageStack;
[7bf7fb9]	63
[2298f728]	64	void appendStr( string to, string from ) {
[7bf7fb9]	65	// "abc" "def" "ghi" => "abcdefghi", remove new text from quotes and insert before last quote in old string.
[ab57786]	66	to->insert( to->length() - 1, from->substr( 1, from->length() - 2 ) );
[7bf7fb9]	67	} // appendStr
[51b7345]	68	%}
	69
[c11e31c]	70	//*********************** TERMINAL TOKENS ******************************
[51b7345]	71
[c11e31c]	72	// keywords
[51b7345]	73	%token TYPEDEF
	74	%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
[b87a5ed]	75	%token INLINE // C99
	76	%token FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
[51b7345]	77	%token CONST VOLATILE
[b87a5ed]	78	%token RESTRICT // C99
	79	%token FORALL LVALUE // CFA
[51b7345]	80	%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
[90c3b1c]	81	%token VALIST // GCC
[b87a5ed]	82	%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
	83	%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
[51b7345]	84	%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
[e7aed49]	85	%token OTYPE FTYPE DTYPE TRAIT // CFA
[5721a6d]	86	%token SIZEOF OFFSETOF
[b87a5ed]	87	%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
[51b7345]	88	%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
[02e5ab6]	89	%token CHOOSE DISABLE ENABLE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH CATCHRESUME FINALLY THROW THROWRESUME AT // CFA
[b87a5ed]	90	%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
[c11e31c]	91	%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF ATOMIC GENERIC NORETURN STATICASSERT THREADLOCAL // C11
[51b7345]	92
[c11e31c]	93	// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
[b87a5ed]	94	%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
	95	%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
	96	%token<tok> INTEGERconstant FLOATINGconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
	97	%token<tok> ZERO ONE // CFA
[51b7345]	98
[c11e31c]	99	// multi-character operators
[b87a5ed]	100	%token ARROW // ->
	101	%token ICR DECR // ++ --
	102	%token LS RS // << >>
	103	%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
	104	%token ANDAND OROR // && \|\|
	105	%token ELLIPSIS // ...
	106
	107	%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // *= /= %=/
	108	%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
	109	%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
	110	%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= \|=
[51b7345]	111
[e7aed49]	112	%token ATassign // @=
[097e2b0]	113
[c11e31c]	114	// Types declaration
[51b7345]	115	%union
	116	{
[b87a5ed]	117	Token tok;
	118	ParseNode *pn;
	119	ExpressionNode *en;
	120	DeclarationNode *decl;
[68cd1ce]	121	DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
[b87a5ed]	122	DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
	123	StatementNode *sn;
[d1625f8]	124	ConstantExpr *constant;
[2f22cc4]	125	ForCtl *fctl;
[7f5566b]	126	LabelNode *label;
[b87a5ed]	127	InitializerNode *in;
[d9e2280]	128	OperKinds op;
[ab57786]	129	std::string *str;
[7f5566b]	130	bool flag;
[51b7345]	131	}
	132
[097e2b0]	133	%type<tok> identifier no_01_identifier no_attr_identifier zero_one
[2871210]	134	%type<tok> identifier_or_type_name no_attr_identifier_or_type_name no_01_identifier_or_type_name
[ab57786]	135	%type<constant> string_literal
	136	%type<str> string_literal_list
[51b7345]	137
[c11e31c]	138	// expressions
[d1625f8]	139	%type<en> constant
[b87a5ed]	140	%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
[9706554]	141	%type<op> ptrref_operator unary_operator assignment_operator
[b87a5ed]	142	%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
	143	%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
	144	%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
	145	%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
	146	%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
	147	%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
[2f22cc4]	148	%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression assignment_opt
	149	%type<fctl> for_control_expression
[51b7345]	150	%type<en> subrange
[7f5566b]	151	%type<en> asm_operands_opt asm_operands_list asm_operand
	152	%type<label> label_list
[d1625f8]	153	%type<en> asm_clobbers_list_opt
[7f5566b]	154	%type<flag> asm_volatile_opt
[51b7345]	155
[c11e31c]	156	// statements
[b87a5ed]	157	%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
[097e2b0]	158	%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
[b87a5ed]	159	%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
	160	%type<sn> statement statement_list
	161	%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
[51b7345]	162	%type<sn> case_clause
[8688ce1]	163	%type<en> case_value
	164	%type<sn> case_value_list case_label case_label_list
[b87a5ed]	165	%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
[1d4580a]	166	%type<sn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
[51b7345]	167
[c11e31c]	168	// declarations
[51b7345]	169	%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
	170	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
	171	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
	172
	173	%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
	174	%type<decl> aggregate_name
	175
	176	%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
	177
	178	%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
	179
	180	%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
	181
	182	%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
	183
[4040425]	184	%type<decl> trait_declaration trait_declaration_list trait_declaring_list trait_specifier
[51b7345]	185
	186	%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
	187	%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
	188
	189	%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
	190
	191	%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
	192	%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
	193
	194	%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
	195
	196	%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
	197	%type<en> field field_list
	198
[4d51835]	199	%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
[51b7345]	200
	201	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
	202	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
	203
	204	%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	205	%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
	206	%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
	207
	208	%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
	209
[4040425]	210	%type<decl> new_trait_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
[51b7345]	211	%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
	212
	213	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	214	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	215
	216	%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
	217
	218	%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
	219
	220	%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
	221	%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
	222
	223	%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
	224	%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
	225
[2871210]	226	%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_type
[51b7345]	227
[0da3e2c]	228	%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_list
[51b7345]	229
	230	%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
	231
	232	%type<tclass> type_class
	233	%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
	234
[2871210]	235	%type<decl> typedef type_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
	236	%type<decl> type_function type_parameter_array type_parameter_function type_parameter_ptr
[c6b1105]	237	%type<decl> type_parameter_redeclarator type_ptr variable_type_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
[2871210]	238	%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier typegen_name
[51b7345]	239
	240	%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
	241	%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
	242
	243	%type<en> type_name_list
	244
	245	%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
	246
	247	%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
	248	%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
	249
[1db21619]	250	%type<decl> attribute_list_opt attribute_list attribute
	251
[c11e31c]	252	// initializers
[51b7345]	253	%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
	254
[c11e31c]	255	// designators
[51b7345]	256	%type<en> designator designator_list designation
	257
	258
[b87a5ed]	259	// Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
	260	// is ambiguous:
	261	// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[c11e31c]	262	// if ( C ) S1 else S2
[b87a5ed]	263	// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
[51b7345]	264
[c11e31c]	265	%nonassoc THEN // rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
	266	%nonassoc ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement
[51b7345]	267
[b87a5ed]	268	%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
[51b7345]	269
	270	%%
[c11e31c]	271	//*********************** Namespace Management ******************************
	272
[de62360d]	273	// The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal symbols
	274	// "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a purely context-free
	275	// grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic constructs. Hence, this
	276	// grammar uses the ANSI style.
[c11e31c]	277	//
[de62360d]	278	// Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance, those
	279	// introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parametrized types. This latter
	280	// type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
[c11e31c]	281	//
[de62360d]	282	// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context information, it
	283	// accesses a data structure (the TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that it has just read.
	284	// Semantic actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of identifiers change.
[c11e31c]	285	//
[de62360d]	286	// Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its class in a
	287	// local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can be local to a
	288	// particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing between type names that are
	289	// local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of the declaration (i.e., names defined in
	290	// "typedef" or "type" declarations).
[c11e31c]	291	//
[de62360d]	292	// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and closing of
	293	// scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do not always occur
	294	// within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly necessary from a semantic point
	295	// of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing conflicts -- the parser may not have
	296	// enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra
	297	// rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around
	298	// "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve conflicts of this sort.
[51b7345]	299
	300	push:
[ab57786]	301	{ typedefTable.enterScope(); }
[4d51835]	302	;
[51b7345]	303
	304	pop:
[ab57786]	305	{ typedefTable.leaveScope(); }
[4d51835]	306	;
[51b7345]	307
[c11e31c]	308	//*********************** CONSTANTS ******************************
[51b7345]	309
	310	constant:
[de62360d]	311	// ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type "enumeration constant".
[ab57786]	312	INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *$1 ) ); }
	313	\| FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
	314	\| CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantChar( *$1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	315	;
[51b7345]	316
	317	identifier:
[4d51835]	318	IDENTIFIER
	319	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	320	\| zero_one // CFA
	321	;
[51b7345]	322
	323	no_01_identifier:
[4d51835]	324	IDENTIFIER
	325	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	326	;
[51b7345]	327
	328	no_attr_identifier:
[4d51835]	329	IDENTIFIER
[bd85400]	330	\| zero_one // CFA
[4d51835]	331	;
[51b7345]	332
[b87a5ed]	333	zero_one: // CFA
[4d51835]	334	ZERO
	335	\| ONE
	336	;
[51b7345]	337
[ab57786]	338	string_literal:
	339	string_literal_list { $$ = build_constantStr( *$1 ); }
	340	;
	341
[b87a5ed]	342	string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
[ab57786]	343	STRINGliteral { $$ = $1; } // conversion from tok to str
[7bf7fb9]	344	\| string_literal_list STRINGliteral
	345	{
[ab57786]	346	appendStr( $1, $2 ); // append 2nd juxtaposed string to 1st
[7bf7fb9]	347	delete $2; // allocated by lexer
[ab57786]	348	$$ = $1; // conversion from tok to str
[7bf7fb9]	349	}
[4d51835]	350	;
[51b7345]	351
[c11e31c]	352	//*********************** EXPRESSIONS ******************************
[51b7345]	353
	354	primary_expression:
[4d51835]	355	IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
[d1625f8]	356	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	357	\| zero_one
[d1625f8]	358	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	359	\| '(' comma_expression ')'
	360	{ $$ = $2; }
	361	\| '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
[1b77274]	362	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_valexpr( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	363	;
[51b7345]	364
	365	postfix_expression:
[4d51835]	366	primary_expression
	367	\| postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
[c6b1105]	368	// CFA, comma_expression disallowed in this context because it results in a common user error: subscripting a
[de62360d]	369	// matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards compatible, there seems to be
	370	// little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is
	371	// equivalent to the old x[i,j].
[d1625f8]	372	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Index, $1, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	373	\| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
[d1625f8]	374	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( $1, $3 ) ); }
[ab57786]	375	// ambiguity with .0 so space required after field-selection, e.g.
[bd85400]	376	// struct S { int 0, 1; } s; s. 0 = 0; s. 1 = 1;
[4d51835]	377	\| postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
[d1625f8]	378	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	379	\| postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	380	\| postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
[d1625f8]	381	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	382	\| postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	383	\| postfix_expression ICR
[d1625f8]	384	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::IncrPost, $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	385	\| postfix_expression DECR
[d1625f8]	386	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::DecrPost, $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	387	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // C99
[d1625f8]	388	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, new InitializerNode( $5, true ) ) ); }
[097e2b0]	389	\| postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA
	390	{
[9706554]	391	Token fn;
[9c23f31]	392	fn.str = new std::string( "?{}" ); // location undefined - use location of '{'?
[b6fe7e6]	393	$$ = new ExpressionNode( new ConstructorExpr( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $1 )->set_last( $3 ) ) ) );
[097e2b0]	394	}
[4d51835]	395	;
[51b7345]	396
	397	argument_expression_list:
[4d51835]	398	argument_expression
	399	\| argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
[1d4580a]	400	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	401	;
[51b7345]	402
	403	argument_expression:
[4d51835]	404	// empty
	405	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
	406	\| assignment_expression
	407	;
[b87a5ed]	408
	409	field_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	410	field
[1d4580a]	411	\| field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	412	;
[b87a5ed]	413
	414	field: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	415	no_attr_identifier
[d1625f8]	416	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[ab57786]	417	// ambiguity with .0 so space required after field-selection, e.g.
[bd85400]	418	// struct S { int 0, 1; } s; s. 0 = 0; s. 1 = 1;
[4d51835]	419	\| no_attr_identifier '.' field
[d1625f8]	420	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $3, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	421	\| no_attr_identifier '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
[d1625f8]	422	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $5, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	423	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW field
[d1625f8]	424	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $3, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	425	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
[d1625f8]	426	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $5, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	427	;
[51b7345]	428
	429	unary_expression:
[4d51835]	430	postfix_expression
[c6b1105]	431	// first location where constant/string can have operator applied: sizeof 3/sizeof "abc" still requires
	432	// semantics checks, e.g., ++3, 3--, *3, &&3
[51b1202]	433	\| constant
	434	{ $$ = $1; }
[ab57786]	435	\| string_literal
[d1625f8]	436	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	437	\| EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
[e04ef3a]	438	{ $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
[c6b1105]	439	// '*' ('&') is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
	440	// { * X; } // dereference X
	441	// { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
[51e076e]	442	\| ptrref_operator cast_expression // CFA
[9706554]	443	{
	444	switch ( $1 ) {
[d9e2280]	445	case OperKinds::AddressOf:
[d1625f8]	446	$$ = new ExpressionNode( build_addressOf( $2 ) );
[9706554]	447	break;
[d9e2280]	448	case OperKinds::PointTo:
[d1625f8]	449	$$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) );
[9706554]	450	break;
	451	default:
	452	assert( false );
	453	}
	454	}
[4d51835]	455	\| unary_operator cast_expression
[d1625f8]	456	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) ); }
[dd51906]	457	\| ICR unary_expression
[d1625f8]	458	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Incr, $2 ) ); }
[dd51906]	459	\| DECR unary_expression
[d1625f8]	460	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Decr, $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	461	\| SIZEOF unary_expression
[d1625f8]	462	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_sizeOfexpr( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	463	\| SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
[d1625f8]	464	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_sizeOftype( $3 ) ); }
	465	\| ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
	466	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_alignOfexpr( $2 ) ); }
	467	\| ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
	468	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_alignOftype( $3 ) ); }
[5721a6d]	469	\| OFFSETOF '(' type_name_no_function ',' no_attr_identifier ')'
[d1625f8]	470	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_offsetOf( $3, build_varref( $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	471	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER
[d1625f8]	472	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrexpr( build_varref( $1 ), nullptr ) ); }
[4d51835]	473	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
[d1625f8]	474	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrexpr( build_varref( $1 ), $3 ) ); }
	475	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
	476	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrtype( build_varref( $1 ), $3 ) ); }
[c6b1105]	477	// \| ANDAND IDENTIFIER // GCC, address of label
[d1625f8]	478	// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new OperatorNode( OperKinds::LabelAddress ), new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	479	;
[51b7345]	480
[dd51906]	481	ptrref_operator:
[d9e2280]	482	'*' { $$ = OperKinds::PointTo; }
	483	\| '&' { $$ = OperKinds::AddressOf; }
[c6b1105]	484	// GCC, address of label must be handled by semantic check for ref,ref,label
[d9e2280]	485	// \| ANDAND { $$ = OperKinds::And; }
[dd51906]	486	;
	487
[51b7345]	488	unary_operator:
[d9e2280]	489	'+' { $$ = OperKinds::UnPlus; }
	490	\| '-' { $$ = OperKinds::UnMinus; }
	491	\| '!' { $$ = OperKinds::Neg; }
	492	\| '~' { $$ = OperKinds::BitNeg; }
[4d51835]	493	;
[51b7345]	494
	495	cast_expression:
[4d51835]	496	unary_expression
	497	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	498	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	499	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
[d1625f8]	500	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	501	;
[51b7345]	502
	503	multiplicative_expression:
[4d51835]	504	cast_expression
	505	\| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	506	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mul, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	507	\| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	508	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Div, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	509	\| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	510	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mod, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	511	;
[51b7345]	512
	513	additive_expression:
[4d51835]	514	multiplicative_expression
	515	\| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
[d1625f8]	516	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Plus, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	517	\| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
[d1625f8]	518	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Minus, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	519	;
[51b7345]	520
	521	shift_expression:
[4d51835]	522	additive_expression
	523	\| shift_expression LS additive_expression
[d1625f8]	524	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	525	\| shift_expression RS additive_expression
[d1625f8]	526	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::RShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	527	;
[51b7345]	528
	529	relational_expression:
[4d51835]	530	shift_expression
	531	\| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
[d1625f8]	532	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	533	\| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
[d1625f8]	534	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	535	\| relational_expression LE shift_expression
[d1625f8]	536	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	537	\| relational_expression GE shift_expression
[d1625f8]	538	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	539	;
[51b7345]	540
	541	equality_expression:
[4d51835]	542	relational_expression
	543	\| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
[d1625f8]	544	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Eq, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	545	\| equality_expression NE relational_expression
[d1625f8]	546	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Neq, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	547	;
[51b7345]	548
	549	AND_expression:
[4d51835]	550	equality_expression
	551	\| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
[d1625f8]	552	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitAnd, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	553	;
[51b7345]	554
	555	exclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	556	AND_expression
	557	\| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
[d1625f8]	558	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Xor, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	559	;
[51b7345]	560
	561	inclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	562	exclusive_OR_expression
	563	\| inclusive_OR_expression '\|' exclusive_OR_expression
[d1625f8]	564	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitOr, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	565	;
[51b7345]	566
	567	logical_AND_expression:
[4d51835]	568	inclusive_OR_expression
	569	\| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
[d1625f8]	570	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	571	;
[51b7345]	572
	573	logical_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	574	logical_AND_expression
	575	\| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
[d1625f8]	576	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	577	;
[51b7345]	578
	579	conditional_expression:
[4d51835]	580	logical_OR_expression
	581	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
[d1625f8]	582	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
[d9e2280]	583	// FIX ME: this hack computes $1 twice
[4d51835]	584	\| logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
[d1625f8]	585	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $1, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	586	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple // CFA, tuple expression
[d1625f8]	587	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	588	;
[51b7345]	589
	590	constant_expression:
[4d51835]	591	conditional_expression
	592	;
[51b7345]	593
	594	assignment_expression:
[4d51835]	595	// CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
	596	conditional_expression
	597	\| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
[d1625f8]	598	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_ptr( $2, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	599	\| tuple assignment_opt // CFA, tuple expression
[d1625f8]	600	{ $$ = ( $2 == 0 ) ? $1 : new ExpressionNode( build_binary_ptr( OperKinds::Assign, $1, $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	601	;
[51b7345]	602
	603	assignment_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	604	// empty
[d1625f8]	605	{ $$ = nullptr; }
[4d51835]	606	\| assignment_expression
	607	;
[b87a5ed]	608
[9706554]	609	assignment_operator:
[d9e2280]	610	'=' { $$ = OperKinds::Assign; }
[a839867]	611	\| ATassign { $$ = OperKinds::AtAssn; }
[d9e2280]	612	\| MULTassign { $$ = OperKinds::MulAssn; }
	613	\| DIVassign { $$ = OperKinds::DivAssn; }
	614	\| MODassign { $$ = OperKinds::ModAssn; }
	615	\| PLUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::PlusAssn; }
	616	\| MINUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::MinusAssn; }
	617	\| LSassign { $$ = OperKinds::LSAssn; }
	618	\| RSassign { $$ = OperKinds::RSAssn; }
	619	\| ANDassign { $$ = OperKinds::AndAssn; }
	620	\| ERassign { $$ = OperKinds::ERAssn; }
	621	\| ORassign { $$ = OperKinds::OrAssn; }
[413ad05]	622	;
[9706554]	623
[b87a5ed]	624	tuple: // CFA, tuple
[de62360d]	625	// CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce conflict with
	626	// comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and new_abstract_array
[2871210]	627	'[' ']'
[d1625f8]	628	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple() ); }
[4d51835]	629	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
[d1625f8]	630	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	631	\| '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
[1d4580a]	632	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)(new ExpressionNode( nullptr ) )->set_last( $4 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	633	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
[1d4580a]	634	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	635	;
[51b7345]	636
	637	tuple_expression_list:
[4d51835]	638	assignment_expression_opt
	639	\| tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
[1d4580a]	640	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	641	;
[51b7345]	642
	643	comma_expression:
[4d51835]	644	assignment_expression
[9706554]	645	\| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression
[d1625f8]	646	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_comma( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	647	;
[51b7345]	648
	649	comma_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	650	// empty
	651	{ $$ = 0; }
	652	\| comma_expression
	653	;
[51b7345]	654
[c11e31c]	655	//************************* STATEMENTS *****************************
[51b7345]	656
	657	statement:
[4d51835]	658	labeled_statement
	659	\| compound_statement
	660	\| expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
	661	\| selection_statement
	662	\| iteration_statement
	663	\| jump_statement
	664	\| exception_statement
	665	\| asm_statement
[097e2b0]	666	\| '^' postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' ';' // CFA
	667	{
[d9e2280]	668	Token fn;
[2298f728]	669	fn.str = new string( "^?{}" ); // location undefined
[e82aa9df]	670	$$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $2 )->set_last( $4 ) ) ) ) );
[097e2b0]	671	}
[4d51835]	672	;
[51b7345]	673
	674	labeled_statement:
[c6b1105]	675	// labels cannot be identifiers 0 or 1
	676	IDENTIFIER ':' attribute_list_opt statement
[1db21619]	677	{
	678	$$ = $4->add_label( $1 );
	679	}
[4d51835]	680	;
[51b7345]	681
	682	compound_statement:
[4d51835]	683	'{' '}'
[e82aa9df]	684	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)0 ) ); }
[4d51835]	685	\| '{'
[de62360d]	686	// Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within the block also
	687	// requires its own scope
[4d51835]	688	push push
[51b1202]	689	local_label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
[4d51835]	690	block_item_list pop '}' // C99, intermix declarations and statements
[e82aa9df]	691	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	692	;
[b87a5ed]	693
	694	block_item_list: // C99
[4d51835]	695	block_item
	696	\| block_item_list push block_item
[1d4580a]	697	{ if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $3 ); $$ = $1; } }
[4d51835]	698	;
[51b7345]	699
	700	block_item:
[4d51835]	701	declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
[e82aa9df]	702	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	703	\| EXTENSION declaration // GCC
[8e9cbb2]	704	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	705	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	706	iter->set_extension( true );
[e82aa9df]	707	$$ = new StatementNode( $2 );
[8e9cbb2]	708	}
[4d51835]	709	\| function_definition
[e82aa9df]	710	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	711	\| statement pop
	712	;
[51b7345]	713
	714	statement_list:
[4d51835]	715	statement
	716	\| statement_list statement
[1d4580a]	717	{ if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; } }
[4d51835]	718	;
[51b7345]	719
	720	expression_statement:
[4d51835]	721	comma_expression_opt ';'
[e82aa9df]	722	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	723	;
[51b7345]	724
	725	selection_statement:
[4d51835]	726	IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
	727	// explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
[e82aa9df]	728	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, nullptr ) ); }
[4d51835]	729	\| IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
[e82aa9df]	730	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, $7 ) ); }
[4d51835]	731	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
[e82aa9df]	732	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	733	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
[4e06c1e]	734	{
[e82aa9df]	735	StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $8 ) );
[4e06c1e]	736	// The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include associated initialization, which is performed
	737	// before the transfer to the appropriate case clause by hoisting the declarations into a compound
	738	// statement around the switch. Statements after the initial declaration list can never be executed, and
[8688ce1]	739	// therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C allows it. The change also applies to choose
	740	// statement.
[e82aa9df]	741	$$ = $7 != 0 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
[4e06c1e]	742	}
[4d51835]	743	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
[e82aa9df]	744	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	745	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
[4e06c1e]	746	{
[e82aa9df]	747	StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $8 ) );
	748	$$ = $7 != 0 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
[4e06c1e]	749	}
[4d51835]	750	;
[b87a5ed]	751
[de62360d]	752	// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a case
	753	// clause allows a list of values and subranges.
[b87a5ed]	754
	755	case_value: // CFA
[4d51835]	756	constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
	757	\| constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
[d1625f8]	758	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	759	\| subrange // CFA, subrange
	760	;
[b87a5ed]	761
	762	case_value_list: // CFA
[e82aa9df]	763	case_value { $$ = new StatementNode( build_case( $1 ) ); }
[064e3ff]	764	// convert case list, e.g., "case 1, 3, 5:" into "case 1: case 3: case 5"
[e82aa9df]	765	\| case_value_list ',' case_value { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_case( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	766	;
[b87a5ed]	767
	768	case_label: // CFA
[8688ce1]	769	CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = $2; }
[e82aa9df]	770	\| DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( build_default() ); }
[4d51835]	771	// A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
	772	;
[b87a5ed]	773
	774	case_label_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	775	case_label
[1d4580a]	776	\| case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 )); }
[4d51835]	777	;
[b87a5ed]	778
	779	case_clause: // CFA
[e82aa9df]	780	case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	781	;
[b87a5ed]	782
	783	switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	784	// empty
	785	{ $$ = 0; }
	786	\| switch_clause_list
	787	;
[b87a5ed]	788
	789	switch_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	790	case_label_list statement_list
[e82aa9df]	791	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	792	\| switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
[e82aa9df]	793	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	794	;
[b87a5ed]	795
	796	choose_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	797	// empty
	798	{ $$ = 0; }
	799	\| choose_clause_list
	800	;
[b87a5ed]	801
	802	choose_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	803	case_label_list fall_through
[de62360d]	804	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	805	\| case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
[e82aa9df]	806	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)$2->set_last( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	807	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
[1d4580a]	808	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( $3 ))); }
[4d51835]	809	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
[e82aa9df]	810	{ $$ = (StatementNode )( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode )$3->set_last( $4 ) ) ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	811	;
[b87a5ed]	812
	813	fall_through_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	814	// empty
[ab57786]	815	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); } // insert implicit break
[4d51835]	816	\| fall_through
	817	;
[b87a5ed]	818
	819	fall_through: // CFA
[4e06c1e]	820	FALLTHRU
	821	{ $$ = 0; }
	822	\| FALLTHRU ';'
	823	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	824	;
[51b7345]	825
	826	iteration_statement:
[4d51835]	827	WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[e82aa9df]	828	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	829	\| DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
[5b639ee]	830	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $5, $2, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	831	\| FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
[e82aa9df]	832	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_for( $4, $6 ) ); }
[4d51835]	833	;
[51b7345]	834
	835	for_control_expression:
[4d51835]	836	comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
[2f22cc4]	837	{ $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $4, $6 ); }
[4d51835]	838	\| declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99
[2f22cc4]	839	{ $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $2, $4 ); }
[d1625f8]	840	;
[51b7345]	841
	842	jump_statement:
[c6b1105]	843	GOTO IDENTIFIER ';'
[ab57786]	844	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Goto ) ); }
[4d51835]	845	\| GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
[4e06c1e]	846	// The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto i+3; => goto (i+3);
[de62360d]	847	// whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (*i)+3;
[e82aa9df]	848	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_computedgoto( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	849	\| CONTINUE ';'
[de62360d]	850	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	851	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
[4e06c1e]	852	\| CONTINUE IDENTIFIER ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
[de62360d]	853	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
	854	// the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	855	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
[4d51835]	856	\| BREAK ';'
[de62360d]	857	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	858	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
[4e06c1e]	859	\| BREAK IDENTIFIER ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
[de62360d]	860	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
	861	// the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	862	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
[4d51835]	863	\| RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
[e82aa9df]	864	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_return( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	865	\| THROW assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles rethrow
[e82aa9df]	866	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	867	\| THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles reresume
[e82aa9df]	868	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	869	\| THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt AT assignment_expression ';' // handles reresume
[e82aa9df]	870	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	871	;
[51b7345]	872
	873	exception_statement:
[4d51835]	874	TRY compound_statement handler_list
[e82aa9df]	875	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, 0 ) ); }
[4d51835]	876	\| TRY compound_statement finally_clause
[e82aa9df]	877	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, 0, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	878	\| TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
[e82aa9df]	879	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	880	;
[51b7345]	881
	882	handler_list:
[4d51835]	883	handler_clause
[de62360d]	884	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6 ) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for its try block.
[4d51835]	885	\| CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	886	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $5, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	887	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	888	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $6, true ) ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	889	\| CATCHRESUME '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	890	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $5, true ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	891	\| handler_clause CATCHRESUME '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	892	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $6, true ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	893	;
[51b7345]	894
	895	handler_clause:
[4d51835]	896	CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	897	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $5, $8 ) ); }
[4d51835]	898	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[1b77274]	899	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $6, $9 ) ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	900	\| CATCHRESUME '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	901	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $5, $8 ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	902	\| handler_clause CATCHRESUME '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	903	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $6, $9 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	904	;
[51b7345]	905
	906	finally_clause:
[4d51835]	907	FINALLY compound_statement
	908	{
[e82aa9df]	909	$$ = new StatementNode( build_finally( $2 ) );
[4d51835]	910	}
	911	;
[51b7345]	912
	913	exception_declaration:
[4d51835]	914	// A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
	915	//
	916	// catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
	917	//
	918	// This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types.
	919	type_specifier
	920	\| type_specifier declarator
	921	{
	922	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	923	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	924	}
	925	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	926	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	927	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
	928	{
	929	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	930	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	931	}
	932	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	933	;
[51b7345]	934
	935	asm_statement:
[ab57786]	936	ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	937	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, 0 ) ); }
[ab57786]	938	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
[e82aa9df]	939	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
[ab57786]	940	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	941	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
[ab57786]	942	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	943	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8, $10 ) ); }
[ab57786]	944	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt GOTO '(' string_literal ':' ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ':' label_list ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	945	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $5, 0, $8, $10, $12 ) ); }
[7f5566b]	946	;
	947
	948	asm_volatile_opt: // GCC
	949	// empty
	950	{ $$ = false; }
	951	\| VOLATILE
	952	{ $$ = true; }
[4d51835]	953	;
[b87a5ed]	954
	955	asm_operands_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	956	// empty
[7f5566b]	957	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
[4d51835]	958	\| asm_operands_list
	959	;
[b87a5ed]	960
	961	asm_operands_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	962	asm_operand
	963	\| asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
[1d4580a]	964	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	965	;
[b87a5ed]	966
	967	asm_operand: // GCC
[ab57786]	968	string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
[e82aa9df]	969	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_asmexpr( 0, $1, $3 ) ); }
[ab57786]	970	\| '[' constant_expression ']' string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
[1b77274]	971	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_asmexpr( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
[7f5566b]	972	;
	973
[4e06c1e]	974	asm_clobbers_list_opt: // GCC
[7f5566b]	975	// empty
	976	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
[ab57786]	977	\| string_literal
[d1625f8]	978	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
[ab57786]	979	\| asm_clobbers_list_opt ',' string_literal
[e82aa9df]	980	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	981	;
[b87a5ed]	982
[7f5566b]	983	label_list:
	984	no_attr_identifier
[ab57786]	985	{
	986	$$ = new LabelNode(); $$->labels.push_back( *$1 );
	987	delete $1; // allocated by lexer
	988	}
[7f5566b]	989	\| label_list ',' no_attr_identifier
[ab57786]	990	{
	991	$$ = $1; $1->labels.push_back( *$3 );
	992	delete $3; // allocated by lexer
	993	}
[4d51835]	994	;
[51b7345]	995
[c11e31c]	996	//***************************** DECLARATIONS *******************************
[51b7345]	997
[b87a5ed]	998	declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
[4d51835]	999	pop
	1000	{ $$ = 0; }
	1001	\| declaration_list
	1002	;
[51b7345]	1003
	1004	declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1005	declaration
	1006	\| declaration_list push declaration
	1007	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1008	;
[51b7345]	1009
[b87a5ed]	1010	old_declaration_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
[4d51835]	1011	pop
	1012	{ $$ = 0; }
	1013	\| old_declaration_list
	1014	;
[51b7345]	1015
	1016	old_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1017	old_declaration
	1018	\| old_declaration_list push old_declaration
	1019	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1020	;
[b87a5ed]	1021
[51b1202]	1022	local_label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	1023	// empty
[51b1202]	1024	\| local_label_declaration_list
[4d51835]	1025	;
[b87a5ed]	1026
[51b1202]	1027	local_label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
	1028	LABEL local_label_list ';'
	1029	\| local_label_declaration_list LABEL local_label_list ';'
[4d51835]	1030	;
[b87a5ed]	1031
[51b1202]	1032	local_label_list: // GCC, local label
[7f5566b]	1033	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
[51b1202]	1034	\| local_label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
[4d51835]	1035	;
[b87a5ed]	1036
	1037	declaration: // CFA, new & old style declarations
[4d51835]	1038	new_declaration
	1039	\| old_declaration
	1040	;
[b87a5ed]	1041
[de62360d]	1042	// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and function
	1043	// declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places declaration modifiers to
	1044	// the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of the base type. CFA declaration
	1045	// modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type specification is distributed across all variables in
	1046	// the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program
	1047	// block, but cannot be mixed within a specific declaration.
[c11e31c]	1048	//
[b87a5ed]	1049	// CFA C
	1050	// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
	1051	// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
	1052
	1053	new_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1054	new_variable_declaration pop ';'
	1055	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1056	\| new_function_declaration pop ';'
	1057	\| type_declaring_list pop ';'
[4040425]	1058	\| trait_specifier pop ';'
[4d51835]	1059	;
[b87a5ed]	1060
	1061	new_variable_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1062	new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
	1063	{
	1064	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1065	$$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 );
[4d51835]	1066	}
	1067	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
[de62360d]	1068	// declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude
	1069	// them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
[4d51835]	1070	{
	1071	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1072	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 );;
[4d51835]	1073	}
[2871210]	1074	\| new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name initializer_opt
[4d51835]	1075	{
	1076	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1077	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) );
[4d51835]	1078	}
	1079	;
[b87a5ed]	1080
	1081	new_variable_specifier: // CFA
[de62360d]	1082	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
	1083	// storage-class
[2871210]	1084	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1085	{
	1086	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	1087	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	1088	}
[2871210]	1089	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1090	{
	1091	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	1092	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	1093	}
[2871210]	1094	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1095	{
	1096	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
	1097	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
	1098	}
	1099	;
[b87a5ed]	1100
	1101	new_function_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1102	new_function_specifier
	1103	{
	1104	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1105	$$ = $1;
	1106	}
	1107	\| type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1108	{
	1109	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1110	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1111	}
	1112	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1113	{
	1114	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1115	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1116	}
	1117	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1118	{
	1119	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1120	$$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 );
	1121	}
[2871210]	1122	\| new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1123	{
	1124	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	1125	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1126	}
	1127	;
[b87a5ed]	1128
	1129	new_function_specifier: // CFA
[2871210]	1130	'[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // S/R conflict
[4d51835]	1131	{
[2871210]	1132	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0, true );
[4d51835]	1133	}
[2871210]	1134	// '[' ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1135	// {
	1136	// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
	1137	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1138	// }
	1139	// \| '[' ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1140	// {
	1141	// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
	1142	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1143	// }
	1144	// \| '[' ']' typegen_name
	1145	// identifier_or_type_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
[4d51835]	1146	//
[2871210]	1147	// '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[4d51835]	1148	// '[' ']' type_specifier
	1149	//
[2871210]	1150	// type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g., typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this must be
	1151	// flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce identifier_or_type_name.
	1152	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[de62360d]	1153	// To obtain LR(1 ), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see new_abstract_declarator).
[4d51835]	1154	{
	1155	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1156	}
[2871210]	1157	\| new_function_return identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[4d51835]	1158	{
	1159	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1160	}
	1161	;
[b87a5ed]	1162
	1163	new_function_return: // CFA
[4d51835]	1164	'[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
	1165	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	1166	\| '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
[de62360d]	1167	// To obtain LR(1 ), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to lookahead to the
	1168	// ']'.
[4d51835]	1169	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
	1170	;
[b87a5ed]	1171
	1172	new_typedef_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1173	TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
	1174	{
[de62360d]	1175	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1176	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1177	}
	1178	\| TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
	1179	{
[de62360d]	1180	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1181	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1182	}
	1183	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
	1184	{
[de62360d]	1185	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1186	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1187	}
	1188	;
[b87a5ed]	1189
[de62360d]	1190	// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is factored out as
	1191	// a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and initialization.
[51b7345]	1192
	1193	typedef_declaration:
[4d51835]	1194	TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
	1195	{
[de62360d]	1196	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1197	$$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
	1198	}
	1199	\| typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
	1200	{
[de62360d]	1201	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1202	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
	1203	}
[de62360d]	1204	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
[4d51835]	1205	{
[de62360d]	1206	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1207	$$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1208	}
	1209	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
	1210	{
[de62360d]	1211	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1212	$$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1213	}
	1214	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
	1215	{
[de62360d]	1216	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
	1217	$$ = $4->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef()->addType( $1 );
[4d51835]	1218	}
	1219	;
[b87a5ed]	1220
[721f17a]	1221	typedef_expression:
	1222	// GCC, naming expression type: typedef name = exp; gives a name to the type of an expression
[4d51835]	1223	TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1224	{
[de62360d]	1225	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1226	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1227	}
	1228	\| typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1229	{
[de62360d]	1230	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1231	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1232	}
	1233	;
[51b7345]	1234
	1235	old_declaration:
[4d51835]	1236	declaring_list pop ';'
	1237	\| typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1238	\| typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
	1239	\| sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
	1240	;
[51b7345]	1241
	1242	declaring_list:
[de62360d]	1243	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
	1244	// storage-class
[4d51835]	1245	declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1246	{
	1247	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1248	$$ = ( $2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer( $4 );
[4d51835]	1249	}
	1250	\| declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1251	{
	1252	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1253	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer( $6 ) ) );
[4d51835]	1254	}
	1255	;
[b87a5ed]	1256
	1257	declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
[4d51835]	1258	basic_declaration_specifier
	1259	\| sue_declaration_specifier
	1260	\| typedef_declaration_specifier
	1261	\| typegen_declaration_specifier
	1262	;
[b87a5ed]	1263
	1264	type_specifier: // declaration specifier - storage class
[4d51835]	1265	basic_type_specifier
	1266	\| sue_type_specifier
	1267	\| typedef_type_specifier
	1268	\| typegen_type_specifier
	1269	;
[b87a5ed]	1270
	1271	type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
[4d51835]	1272	// empty
	1273	{ $$ = 0; }
	1274	\| type_qualifier_list
	1275	;
[51b7345]	1276
	1277	type_qualifier_list:
[de62360d]	1278	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of declaration.
[4d51835]	1279	//
[de62360d]	1280	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4 ) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
	1281	// specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as if it
	1282	// appeared only once.
[4d51835]	1283	type_qualifier
	1284	\| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
	1285	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1286	;
[51b7345]	1287
	1288	type_qualifier:
[4d51835]	1289	type_qualifier_name
	1290	\| attribute
[c1c1112]	1291	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
[4d51835]	1292	;
[51b7345]	1293
	1294	type_qualifier_name:
[4d51835]	1295	CONST
	1296	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
	1297	\| RESTRICT
	1298	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
	1299	\| VOLATILE
	1300	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
	1301	\| LVALUE // CFA
	1302	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
	1303	\| ATOMIC
	1304	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Atomic ); }
	1305	\| FORALL '('
	1306	{
	1307	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1308	}
	1309	type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
	1310	{
	1311	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1312	$$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
	1313	}
	1314	;
[51b7345]	1315
	1316	declaration_qualifier_list:
[4d51835]	1317	storage_class_list
[de62360d]	1318	\| type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
[4d51835]	1319	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1320	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
	1321	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1322	;
[51b7345]	1323
	1324	storage_class_list:
[de62360d]	1325	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration and that
	1326	// only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
[4d51835]	1327	//
[de62360d]	1328	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the declaration
	1329	// specifiers in a declaration.
[4d51835]	1330	storage_class
	1331	\| storage_class_list storage_class
	1332	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1333	;
[51b7345]	1334
	1335	storage_class:
[4d51835]	1336	EXTERN
	1337	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
	1338	\| STATIC
	1339	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
	1340	\| AUTO
	1341	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
	1342	\| REGISTER
	1343	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
	1344	\| INLINE // C99
[c1c1112]	1345	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
	1346	{ $$ = new DeclarationNode; $$->isInline = true; }
[4d51835]	1347	\| FORTRAN // C99
	1348	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
[68cd1ce]	1349	\| NORETURN // C11
[c1c1112]	1350	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Noreturn ); }
	1351	{ $$ = new DeclarationNode; $$->isNoreturn = true; }
[68cd1ce]	1352	\| THREADLOCAL // C11
	1353	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Threadlocal ); }
[4d51835]	1354	;
[51b7345]	1355
	1356	basic_type_name:
[4d51835]	1357	CHAR
	1358	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
	1359	\| DOUBLE
	1360	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
	1361	\| FLOAT
	1362	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
	1363	\| INT
	1364	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
	1365	\| LONG
[5b639ee]	1366	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
[4d51835]	1367	\| SHORT
[5b639ee]	1368	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newLength( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
[4d51835]	1369	\| SIGNED
[5b639ee]	1370	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
[4d51835]	1371	\| UNSIGNED
[5b639ee]	1372	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
[4d51835]	1373	\| VOID
	1374	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
	1375	\| BOOL // C99
	1376	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
	1377	\| COMPLEX // C99
[5b639ee]	1378	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
[4d51835]	1379	\| IMAGINARY // C99
[5b639ee]	1380	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newComplexType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
[90c3b1c]	1381	\| VALIST // GCC, __builtin_va_list
	1382	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Valist ); }
[4d51835]	1383	;
[51b7345]	1384
	1385	basic_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1386	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
	1387	basic_type_specifier
	1388	\| declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
	1389	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1390	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1391	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1392	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1393	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1394	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
	1395	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
	1396	;
[51b7345]	1397
	1398	basic_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1399	direct_type_name
	1400	\| type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
	1401	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1402	;
[51b7345]	1403
	1404	direct_type_name:
[4d51835]	1405	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers.
	1406	basic_type_name
	1407	\| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
	1408	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1409	\| direct_type_name type_qualifier
	1410	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1411	\| direct_type_name basic_type_name
	1412	{ $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
	1413	;
[51b7345]	1414
	1415	indirect_type_name:
[4d51835]	1416	TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
	1417	{ $$ = $3; }
	1418	\| TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
	1419	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
	1420	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
	1421	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1422	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
	1423	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1424	;
[51b7345]	1425
	1426	sue_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1427	sue_type_specifier
	1428	\| declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
	1429	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1430	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1431	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1432	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1433	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1434	;
[51b7345]	1435
	1436	sue_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1437	elaborated_type_name // struct, union, enum
	1438	\| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
	1439	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1440	\| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1441	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1442	;
[51b7345]	1443
	1444	typedef_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1445	typedef_type_specifier
	1446	\| declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
	1447	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1448	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1449	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1450	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1451	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1452	;
[b87a5ed]	1453
	1454	typedef_type_specifier: // typedef types
[4d51835]	1455	TYPEDEFname
	1456	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
	1457	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
	1458	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1459	\| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1460	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1461	;
[51b7345]	1462
	1463	elaborated_type_name:
[4d51835]	1464	aggregate_name
	1465	\| enum_name
	1466	;
[51b7345]	1467
	1468	aggregate_name:
[4d51835]	1469	aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
[2298f728]	1470	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, nullptr, nullptr, $3, true ); }
[2871210]	1471	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[45161b4d]	1472	{
	1473	typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 );
[2298f728]	1474	$$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, nullptr, nullptr, false );
[45161b4d]	1475	}
	1476	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1477	{ typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 ); }
	1478	'{' field_declaration_list '}'
[1b77274]	1479	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, nullptr, $5, true ); }
[721f17a]	1480	\| aggregate_key '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
[2298f728]	1481	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, nullptr, $3, $6, false ); }
[2871210]	1482	\| aggregate_key typegen_name // CFA, S/R conflict
	1483	{ $$ = $2; }
[4d51835]	1484	;
[51b7345]	1485
	1486	aggregate_key:
[4d51835]	1487	STRUCT attribute_list_opt
	1488	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
	1489	\| UNION attribute_list_opt
	1490	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
	1491	;
[51b7345]	1492
	1493	field_declaration_list:
[5d125e4]	1494	// empty
	1495	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	1496	\| field_declaration_list field_declaration
[5d125e4]	1497	{ $$ = $1 != 0 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
[4d51835]	1498	;
[51b7345]	1499
	1500	field_declaration:
[4d51835]	1501	new_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
	1502	\| EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
[ca35c51]	1503	{ $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
[4d51835]	1504	\| field_declaring_list ';'
	1505	\| EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
[8e9cbb2]	1506	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	1507	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	1508	iter->set_extension( true );
	1509	$$ = $2;
	1510	}
[4d51835]	1511	;
[b87a5ed]	1512
	1513	new_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
[4d51835]	1514	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA, no field name
[2871210]	1515	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1516	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1517	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1518	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
	1519	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' // CFA, no field name
	1520	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
	1521	;
[51b7345]	1522
	1523	field_declaring_list:
[4d51835]	1524	type_specifier field_declarator
	1525	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1526	\| field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
	1527	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
	1528	;
[51b7345]	1529
	1530	field_declarator:
[4d51835]	1531	// empty
	1532	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ } // CFA, no field name
	1533	\| bit_subrange_size // no field name
	1534	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
	1535	\| variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
	1536	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1537	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
[c6b1105]	1538	\| variable_type_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
[4d51835]	1539	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1540	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
	1541	\| variable_abstract_declarator // CFA, no field name
	1542	;
[51b7345]	1543
	1544	bit_subrange_size_opt:
[4d51835]	1545	// empty
	1546	{ $$ = 0; }
	1547	\| bit_subrange_size
	1548	{ $$ = $1; }
	1549	;
[51b7345]	1550
	1551	bit_subrange_size:
[4d51835]	1552	':' constant_expression
	1553	{ $$ = $2; }
	1554	;
[51b7345]	1555
	1556	enum_key:
[4d51835]	1557	ENUM attribute_list_opt
	1558	;
[51b7345]	1559
	1560	enum_name:
[4d51835]	1561	enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
[2298f728]	1562	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( nullptr, $3 ); }
[2871210]	1563	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[45161b4d]	1564	{
	1565	typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 );
	1566	$$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 );
	1567	}
	1568	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1569	{ typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 ); }
	1570	'{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1571	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $5 ); }
[4d51835]	1572	;
[51b7345]	1573
	1574	enumerator_list:
[2871210]	1575	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
[4d51835]	1576	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
[2871210]	1577	\| enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
[4d51835]	1578	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
	1579	;
[51b7345]	1580
	1581	enumerator_value_opt:
[4d51835]	1582	// empty
	1583	{ $$ = 0; }
	1584	\| '=' constant_expression
	1585	{ $$ = $2; }
	1586	;
[51b7345]	1587
[c11e31c]	1588	// Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end.
[51b7345]	1589
[b87a5ed]	1590	new_parameter_type_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1591	// empty
	1592	{ $$ = 0; }
	1593	\| new_parameter_type_list
	1594	;
[b87a5ed]	1595
	1596	new_parameter_type_list: // CFA, abstract + real
[4d51835]	1597	new_abstract_parameter_list
	1598	\| new_parameter_list
	1599	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
	1600	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1601	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1602	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1603	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1604	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1605	;
[b87a5ed]	1606
	1607	new_parameter_list: // CFA
[de62360d]	1608	// To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last new_abstract_parameter_list is
	1609	// factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get lookahead to the ']'.
[4d51835]	1610	new_parameter_declaration
	1611	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1612	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1613	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1614	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1615	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1616	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
	1617	;
[b87a5ed]	1618
	1619	new_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
[4d51835]	1620	new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1621	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1622	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1623	;
[51b7345]	1624
	1625	parameter_type_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1626	// empty
	1627	{ $$ = 0; }
	1628	\| parameter_type_list
	1629	;
[51b7345]	1630
	1631	parameter_type_list:
[4d51835]	1632	parameter_list
	1633	\| parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1634	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1635	;
[b87a5ed]	1636
	1637	parameter_list: // abstract + real
[4d51835]	1638	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1639	\| parameter_declaration
	1640	\| parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
	1641	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1642	\| parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
	1643	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1644	;
[51b7345]	1645
[de62360d]	1646	// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different semantics
[2871210]	1647	// for typedef name by using type_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and function prototypes.
[51b7345]	1648
[b87a5ed]	1649	new_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1650	parameter_declaration
[2871210]	1651	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1652	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1653	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1654	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1655	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1656	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1657	{ $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1658	\| new_function_specifier
	1659	;
[b87a5ed]	1660
	1661	new_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1662	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1663	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	1664	\| new_abstract_tuple
	1665	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1666	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	1667	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1668	\| new_abstract_function
	1669	;
[51b7345]	1670
	1671	parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1672	declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
	1673	{
	1674	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1675	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
[4d51835]	1676	}
[2871210]	1677	\| declaration_specifier type_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1678	{
	1679	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1680	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
[4d51835]	1681	}
	1682	;
[51b7345]	1683
	1684	abstract_parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1685	declaration_specifier
	1686	\| declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
	1687	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1688	;
[51b7345]	1689
[c11e31c]	1690	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
[de62360d]	1691	// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is based only on
	1692	// identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
[51b7345]	1693
[b87a5ed]	1694	identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
[4d51835]	1695	no_attr_identifier
	1696	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
	1697	\| identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
	1698	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
	1699	;
[51b7345]	1700
[2871210]	1701	identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1702	identifier
	1703	\| TYPEDEFname
	1704	\| TYPEGENname
	1705	;
[51b7345]	1706
[2871210]	1707	no_01_identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1708	no_01_identifier
	1709	\| TYPEDEFname
	1710	\| TYPEGENname
	1711	;
[51b7345]	1712
[2871210]	1713	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1714	no_attr_identifier
	1715	\| TYPEDEFname
[721f17a]	1716	\| TYPEGENname
[4d51835]	1717	;
[b87a5ed]	1718
	1719	type_name_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
[4d51835]	1720	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1721	\| type_specifier
	1722	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	1723	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1724	;
[b87a5ed]	1725
	1726	type_name: // typeof, assertion
[4d51835]	1727	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1728	\| new_abstract_function // CFA
	1729	\| type_specifier
	1730	\| type_specifier abstract_declarator
	1731	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1732	;
[51b7345]	1733
	1734	initializer_opt:
[4d51835]	1735	// empty
	1736	{ $$ = 0; }
[2871210]	1737	\| '=' initializer
	1738	{ $$ = $2; }
[097e2b0]	1739	\| ATassign initializer
[974906e2]	1740	{ $$ = $2->set_maybeConstructed( false ); }
[4d51835]	1741	;
[51b7345]	1742
	1743	initializer:
[de62360d]	1744	assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode( $1 ); }
	1745	\| '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode( $2, true ); }
[4d51835]	1746	;
[51b7345]	1747
	1748	initializer_list:
[097e2b0]	1749	// empty
	1750	{ $$ = 0; }
	1751	\| initializer
[4d51835]	1752	\| designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
[1d4580a]	1753	\| initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1754	\| initializer_list ',' designation initializer
[1d4580a]	1755	{ $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $4->set_designators( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	1756	;
[b87a5ed]	1757
[de62360d]	1758	// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is use of
	1759	// '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
[c11e31c]	1760	//
[b87a5ed]	1761	// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
[c11e31c]	1762	//
[de62360d]	1763	// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this case, CFA
	1764	// changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC does uses ":" for
	1765	// field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be supported either due to
	1766	// shift/reduce conflicts
[51b7345]	1767
	1768	designation:
[4d51835]	1769	designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
[2871210]	1770	\| no_attr_identifier_or_type_name ':' // GCC, field name
[d1625f8]	1771	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1772	;
[51b7345]	1773
[b87a5ed]	1774	designator_list: // C99
[4d51835]	1775	designator
[2871210]	1776	\| designator_list designator
[1d4580a]	1777	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 ) ); }
[d1625f8]	1778	//\| designator_list designator { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	1779	;
[51b7345]	1780
	1781	designator:
[d1625f8]	1782	'.' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name // C99, field name
	1783	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1784	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
[de62360d]	1785	// assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with tuple.
[d1625f8]	1786	{ $$ = $3; }
[4d51835]	1787	\| '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
[d1625f8]	1788	{ $$ = $3; }
[4d51835]	1789	\| '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
[d1625f8]	1790	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1791	\| '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
[d1625f8]	1792	{ $$ = $4; }
[4d51835]	1793	;
[51b7345]	1794
[de62360d]	1795	// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type parameters,
	1796	// rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
[c11e31c]	1797	//
	1798	// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
	1799	//
[de62360d]	1800	// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used for object
	1801	// and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with initializers provide
	1802	// definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide opaque types.
[c11e31c]	1803	//
[de62360d]	1804	// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at the call
	1805	// site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
[c11e31c]	1806	//
	1807	// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
[de62360d]	1808	// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble subclass
	1809	// hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare that a type or
	1810	// types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used to declare requirements
	1811	// on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
[c11e31c]	1812
[b87a5ed]	1813	typegen_declaration_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1814	typegen_type_specifier
	1815	\| declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
	1816	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1817	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1818	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1819	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1820	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1821	;
[b87a5ed]	1822
	1823	typegen_type_specifier: // CFA
[2871210]	1824	typegen_name
	1825	\| type_qualifier_list typegen_name
	1826	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	1827	\| typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1828	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1829	;
[b87a5ed]	1830
[2871210]	1831	typegen_name: // CFA
	1832	TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
	1833	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
	1834	;
	1835
[b87a5ed]	1836	type_parameter_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1837	type_parameter assignment_opt
	1838	\| type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
	1839	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1840	;
[b87a5ed]	1841
	1842	type_parameter: // CFA
[2871210]	1843	type_class no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1844	{ typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD ); }
[4d51835]	1845	assertion_list_opt
	1846	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
	1847	\| type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
	1848	;
[b87a5ed]	1849
	1850	type_class: // CFA
[4040425]	1851	OTYPE
[5b639ee]	1852	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Otype; }
[4d51835]	1853	\| DTYPE
	1854	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
	1855	\| FTYPE
	1856	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
	1857	;
[b87a5ed]	1858
	1859	assertion_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1860	// empty
	1861	{ $$ = 0; }
	1862	\| assertion_list_opt assertion
[4e06c1e]	1863	{ $$ = $1 != 0 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
[4d51835]	1864	;
[b87a5ed]	1865
	1866	assertion: // CFA
[2871210]	1867	'\|' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_name_list ')'
[4d51835]	1868	{
[4040425]	1869	typedefTable.openTrait( *$2 );
	1870	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTraitUse( $2, $4 );
[4d51835]	1871	}
[4040425]	1872	\| '\|' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}'
[4d51835]	1873	{ $$ = $4; }
[4040425]	1874	\| '\|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
[4d51835]	1875	{ $$ = 0; }
	1876	;
[b87a5ed]	1877
	1878	type_name_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1879	type_name
[d1625f8]	1880	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_typevalue( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1881	\| assignment_expression
	1882	\| type_name_list ',' type_name
[1d4580a]	1883	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( build_typevalue( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	1884	\| type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
[1d4580a]	1885	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	1886	;
[b87a5ed]	1887
	1888	type_declaring_list: // CFA
[4040425]	1889	OTYPE type_declarator
[4d51835]	1890	{ $$ = $2; }
[4040425]	1891	\| storage_class_list OTYPE type_declarator
[4d51835]	1892	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1893	\| type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
	1894	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
	1895	;
[b87a5ed]	1896
	1897	type_declarator: // CFA
[4d51835]	1898	type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
	1899	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
	1900	\| type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
	1901	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
	1902	;
[b87a5ed]	1903
	1904	type_declarator_name: // CFA
[2871210]	1905	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1906	{
[de62360d]	1907	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1908	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
	1909	}
[2871210]	1910	\| no_01_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
[4d51835]	1911	{
[de62360d]	1912	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TG );
[4d51835]	1913	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
	1914	}
	1915	;
[b87a5ed]	1916
[4040425]	1917	trait_specifier: // CFA
	1918	TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
[4d51835]	1919	{
[de62360d]	1920	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
[4040425]	1921	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, 0 );
[4d51835]	1922	}
[4040425]	1923	\| TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
[4d51835]	1924	{
[4040425]	1925	typedefTable.enterTrait( *$2 );
[4d51835]	1926	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1927	}
[4040425]	1928	trait_declaration_list '}'
[4d51835]	1929	{
[4040425]	1930	typedefTable.leaveTrait();
[de62360d]	1931	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
[4040425]	1932	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, $10 );
[4d51835]	1933	}
	1934	;
[b87a5ed]	1935
[4040425]	1936	trait_declaration_list: // CFA
	1937	trait_declaration
	1938	\| trait_declaration_list push trait_declaration
[4d51835]	1939	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1940	;
[b87a5ed]	1941
[4040425]	1942	trait_declaration: // CFA
	1943	new_trait_declaring_list pop ';'
	1944	\| trait_declaring_list pop ';'
[4d51835]	1945	;
[b87a5ed]	1946
[4040425]	1947	new_trait_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1948	new_variable_specifier
	1949	{
	1950	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1951	$$ = $1;
	1952	}
	1953	\| new_function_specifier
	1954	{
	1955	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1956	$$ = $1;
	1957	}
[4040425]	1958	\| new_trait_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1959	{
[de62360d]	1960	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
[4d51835]	1961	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1962	}
	1963	;
[b87a5ed]	1964
[4040425]	1965	trait_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1966	type_specifier declarator
	1967	{
	1968	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1969	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	1970	}
[4040425]	1971	\| trait_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
[4d51835]	1972	{
	1973	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1974	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
	1975	}
	1976	;
[51b7345]	1977
[c11e31c]	1978	//*************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS ***************************
[51b7345]	1979
	1980	translation_unit:
[4d51835]	1981	// empty
	1982	{} // empty input file
	1983	\| external_definition_list
[926af74]	1984	{ parseTree = parseTree != nullptr ? parseTree->appendList( $1 ) : $1; }
[4d51835]	1985	;
[51b7345]	1986
	1987	external_definition_list:
[4d51835]	1988	external_definition
	1989	\| external_definition_list push external_definition
[926af74]	1990	{ $$ = $1 != nullptr ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
[4d51835]	1991	;
[51b7345]	1992
	1993	external_definition_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1994	// empty
	1995	{ $$ = 0; }
	1996	\| external_definition_list
	1997	;
[51b7345]	1998
	1999	external_definition:
[4d51835]	2000	declaration
	2001	\| external_function_definition
	2002	\| asm_statement // GCC, global assembler statement
	2003	{}
	2004	\| EXTERN STRINGliteral
	2005	{
[3b8e52c]	2006	linkageStack.push( linkage ); // handle nested extern "C"/"Cforall"
[ab57786]	2007	linkage = LinkageSpec::fromString( *$2 );
[4d51835]	2008	}
	2009	'{' external_definition_list_opt '}' // C++-style linkage specifier
	2010	{
	2011	linkage = linkageStack.top();
	2012	linkageStack.pop();
	2013	$$ = $5;
	2014	}
	2015	\| EXTENSION external_definition
[8e9cbb2]	2016	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	2017	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	2018	iter->set_extension( true );
	2019	$$ = $2;
	2020	}
[4d51835]	2021	;
	2022
	2023	external_function_definition:
	2024	function_definition
[de62360d]	2025	// These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant amount of
[c6b1105]	2026	// legacy code with global functions missing the type-specifier for the return type, and assuming "int".
	2027	// Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested
	2028	// functions preclude this concession, i.e., all nested function must have a return type). A function prototype
	2029	// declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
[4d51835]	2030	\| function_declarator compound_statement
	2031	{
	2032	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2033	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2034	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	2035	}
	2036	\| old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2037	{
	2038	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2039	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2040	$$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
	2041	}
	2042	;
[51b7345]	2043
	2044	function_definition:
[4d51835]	2045	new_function_declaration compound_statement // CFA
	2046	{
	2047	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2048	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2049	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	2050	}
	2051	\| declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
	2052	{
	2053	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2054	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2055	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
	2056	}
	2057	\| type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2058	{
	2059	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2060	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2061	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2062	}
	2063	\| declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2064	{
	2065	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2066	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2067	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2068	}
	2069	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2070	{
	2071	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2072	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2073	$$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2074	}
	2075
	2076	// Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	2077	\| declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2078	{
	2079	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2080	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2081	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
	2082	}
	2083	\| type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2084	{
	2085	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2086	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2087	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2088	}
	2089
	2090	// Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	2091	\| declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2092	{
	2093	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2094	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2095	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2096	}
	2097	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2098	{
	2099	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2100	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2101	$$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2102	}
	2103	;
[51b7345]	2104
	2105	declarator:
[4d51835]	2106	variable_declarator
[c6b1105]	2107	\| variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2108	\| function_declarator
	2109	;
[51b7345]	2110
	2111	subrange:
[4d51835]	2112	constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
[d1625f8]	2113	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	2114	;
[b87a5ed]	2115
	2116	asm_name_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2117	// empty
[c1c1112]	2118	\| ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt { delete $3; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2119	;
[b87a5ed]	2120
	2121	attribute_list_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2122	// empty
[1db21619]	2123	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	2124	\| attribute_list
	2125	;
[b87a5ed]	2126
	2127	attribute_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2128	attribute
	2129	\| attribute_list attribute
[1db21619]	2130	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	2131	;
[b87a5ed]	2132
	2133	attribute: // GCC
[4d51835]	2134	ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
[1db21619]	2135	// { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
	2136	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	2137	;
[b87a5ed]	2138
	2139	attribute_parameter_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2140	attrib
	2141	\| attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
	2142	;
[b87a5ed]	2143
	2144	attrib: // GCC
[4d51835]	2145	// empty
	2146	\| any_word
[c1c1112]	2147	\| any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')' { delete $3; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2148	;
[b87a5ed]	2149
	2150	any_word: // GCC
[c1c1112]	2151	identifier_or_type_name { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2152	\| storage_class { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2153	\| basic_type_name { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2154	\| type_qualifier { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2155	;
[51b7345]	2156
[c11e31c]	2157	// ============================================================================
[de62360d]	2158	// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are necessary
	2159	// because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage in an expression, as
	2160	// in:
[c11e31c]	2161	//
[b87a5ed]	2162	// int (*f())[10] { ... };
	2163	// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
[c11e31c]	2164	//
[de62360d]	2165	// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some or all of
	2166	// the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a particular context.
[c11e31c]	2167	// ============================================================================
	2168
	2169	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[de62360d]	2170	// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of declarators
	2171	// to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2172	//
[b87a5ed]	2173	// valid declaration invalid definition
	2174	// ----------------- ------------------
[4d51835]	2175	// int f; int f {}
	2176	// int f; int f {}
[b87a5ed]	2177	// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
[4d51835]	2178	// int (f)(int); int (f)(int) {}
[c11e31c]	2179	//
[de62360d]	2180	// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function declarators, hence
	2181	// variable_declarator and function_declarator.
[c11e31c]	2182	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	2183
[de62360d]	2184	// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern precludes
	2185	// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
[51b7345]	2186
	2187	variable_declarator:
[4d51835]	2188	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2189	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2190	\| variable_ptr
	2191	\| variable_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2192	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2193	\| variable_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2194	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2195	;
[51b7345]	2196
	2197	paren_identifier:
[4d51835]	2198	identifier
	2199	{
[de62360d]	2200	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
[4d51835]	2201	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2202	}
	2203	\| '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2204	{ $$ = $2; }
	2205	;
[51b7345]	2206
	2207	variable_ptr:
[dd51906]	2208	ptrref_operator variable_declarator
[4d51835]	2209	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2210	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
[4d51835]	2211	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2212	\| '(' variable_ptr ')'
	2213	{ $$ = $2; }
	2214	;
[51b7345]	2215
	2216	variable_array:
[4d51835]	2217	paren_identifier array_dimension
	2218	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2219	\| '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2220	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2221	\| '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2222	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2223	\| '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2224	{ $$ = $2; }
	2225	;
[51b7345]	2226
	2227	variable_function:
[4d51835]	2228	'(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2229	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2230	\| '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2231	{ $$ = $2; }
	2232	;
[51b7345]	2233
[c6b1105]	2234	// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. For non-nested functions, there is
	2235	// no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name, i.e., the typedef and function name cannot exist
	2236	// is the same scope. The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2237
	2238	function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2239	function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2240	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2241	\| function_ptr
	2242	\| function_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2243	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2244	;
[51b7345]	2245
	2246	function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2247	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2248	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2249	\| '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2250	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2251	\| '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2252	{ $$ = $2; }
	2253	;
[51b7345]	2254
	2255	function_ptr:
[dd51906]	2256	ptrref_operator function_declarator
[4d51835]	2257	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2258	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list function_declarator
[4d51835]	2259	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2260	\| '(' function_ptr ')'
	2261	{ $$ = $2; }
	2262	;
[51b7345]	2263
	2264	function_array:
[4d51835]	2265	'(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2266	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2267	\| '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2268	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2269	\| '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2270	{ $$ = $2; }
	2271	;
[51b7345]	2272
[de62360d]	2273	// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a typedef name
	2274	// (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus
	2275	// pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2276
	2277	old_function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2278	old_function_no_ptr
	2279	\| old_function_ptr
	2280	\| old_function_array
	2281	;
[51b7345]	2282
	2283	old_function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2284	paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
	2285	{ $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
	2286	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
	2287	{ $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
	2288	\| '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2289	{ $$ = $2; }
	2290	;
[51b7345]	2291
	2292	old_function_ptr:
[dd51906]	2293	ptrref_operator old_function_declarator
[4d51835]	2294	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2295	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
[4d51835]	2296	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2297	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')'
	2298	{ $$ = $2; }
	2299	;
[51b7345]	2300
	2301	old_function_array:
[4d51835]	2302	'(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2303	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2304	\| '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2305	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2306	\| '(' old_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2307	{ $$ = $2; }
	2308	;
[51b7345]	2309
[2871210]	2310	// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a type name, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2311	//
[b87a5ed]	2312	// typedef int foo;
	2313	// {
	2314	// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
	2315	// }
[c11e31c]	2316	//
[de62360d]	2317	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2318	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2319
[c6b1105]	2320	variable_type_redeclarator:
[2871210]	2321	paren_type attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2322	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2323	\| type_ptr
	2324	\| type_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2325	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2326	\| type_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2327	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2328	;
[51b7345]	2329
[2871210]	2330	paren_type:
	2331	typedef
	2332	\| '(' paren_type ')'
[4d51835]	2333	{ $$ = $2; }
	2334	;
[51b7345]	2335
[2871210]	2336	type_ptr:
[c6b1105]	2337	ptrref_operator variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2338	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[c6b1105]	2339	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2340	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
[2871210]	2341	\| '(' type_ptr ')'
[4d51835]	2342	{ $$ = $2; }
	2343	;
[51b7345]	2344
[2871210]	2345	type_array:
	2346	paren_type array_dimension
[4d51835]	2347	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2348	\| '(' type_ptr ')' array_dimension
[4d51835]	2349	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2350	\| '(' type_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2351	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2352	\| '(' type_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2353	{ $$ = $2; }
	2354	;
[51b7345]	2355
[2871210]	2356	type_function:
	2357	paren_type '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2358	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2359	\| '(' type_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2360	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
[2871210]	2361	\| '(' type_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2362	{ $$ = $2; }
	2363	;
[51b7345]	2364
[de62360d]	2365	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a typedef
	2366	// name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern precludes declaring an
	2367	// array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to
	2368	// arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2369
	2370	identifier_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2371	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2372	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2373	\| identifier_parameter_ptr
	2374	\| identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2375	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2376	\| identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2377	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2378	;
[51b7345]	2379
	2380	identifier_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2381	ptrref_operator identifier_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2382	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2383	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2384	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2385	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
	2386	{ $$ = $2; }
	2387	;
[51b7345]	2388
	2389	identifier_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2390	paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
	2391	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2392	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2393	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2394	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2395	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2396	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2397	{ $$ = $2; }
	2398	;
[51b7345]	2399
	2400	identifier_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2401	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2402	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2403	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2404	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2405	\| '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2406	{ $$ = $2; }
	2407	;
[b87a5ed]	2408
[de62360d]	2409	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a typedef name,
	2410	// e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2411	//
[b87a5ed]	2412	// typedef int foo;
	2413	// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
[c11e31c]	2414	//
[de62360d]	2415	// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern handles the
	2416	// special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
[c11e31c]	2417	//
[b87a5ed]	2418	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
	2419	// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
	2420	// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
[c11e31c]	2421	//
[c6b1105]	2422	// For example:
[c11e31c]	2423	//
[b87a5ed]	2424	// typedef float T;
[4d51835]	2425	// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
[b87a5ed]	2426	// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
	2427	// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
	2428	// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
[c11e31c]	2429	//
[de62360d]	2430	// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type list, and
	2431	// not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes declaring an array of
	2432	// functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and
	2433	// functions.
[51b7345]	2434
[2871210]	2435	type_parameter_redeclarator:
[4d51835]	2436	typedef attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2437	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2438	\| type_parameter_ptr
	2439	\| type_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2440	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2441	\| type_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2442	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2443	;
[51b7345]	2444
	2445	typedef:
[4d51835]	2446	TYPEDEFname
	2447	{
[de62360d]	2448	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
[4d51835]	2449	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2450	}
[2871210]	2451	\| TYPEGENname
	2452	{
	2453	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
	2454	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2455	}
[4d51835]	2456	;
[51b7345]	2457
[2871210]	2458	type_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2459	ptrref_operator type_parameter_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2460	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2461	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list type_parameter_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2462	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
[2871210]	2463	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')'
[4d51835]	2464	{ $$ = $2; }
	2465	;
[51b7345]	2466
[2871210]	2467	type_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2468	typedef array_parameter_dimension
	2469	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2470	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
[4d51835]	2471	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2472	;
[51b7345]	2473
[2871210]	2474	type_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2475	typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2476	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2477	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2478	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2479	;
[b87a5ed]	2480
[de62360d]	2481	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no identifier to
	2482	// which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2483	//
[b87a5ed]	2484	// sizeof( int );
	2485	// sizeof( int [10] );
[c11e31c]	2486	//
[de62360d]	2487	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2488	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2489
	2490	abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2491	abstract_ptr
	2492	\| abstract_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2493	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2494	\| abstract_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2495	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2496	;
[51b7345]	2497
	2498	abstract_ptr:
[dd51906]	2499	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2500	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2501	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2502	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2503	\| ptrref_operator abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2504	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2505	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2506	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2507	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')'
	2508	{ $$ = $2; }
	2509	;
[51b7345]	2510
	2511	abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2512	array_dimension
	2513	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2514	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2515	\| '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2516	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2517	\| '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2518	{ $$ = $2; }
	2519	;
[51b7345]	2520
	2521	abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2522	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[2298f728]	2523	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2524	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2525	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2526	\| '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2527	{ $$ = $2; }
	2528	;
[51b7345]	2529
	2530	array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2531	// Only the first dimension can be empty.
[2871210]	2532	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	2533	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
[2871210]	2534	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension
	2535	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	2536	\| multi_array_dimension
	2537	;
[51b7345]	2538
	2539	multi_array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2540	'[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2541	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
	2542	\| '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2543	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
	2544	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2545	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
	2546	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2547	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
	2548	;
[51b7345]	2549
[c11e31c]	2550	// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2551	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
	2552	//
[b87a5ed]	2553	// int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2554	// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2555	//
[de62360d]	2556	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2557	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2558
	2559	abstract_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2560	abstract_parameter_ptr
	2561	\| abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2562	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2563	\| abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2564	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2565	;
[51b7345]	2566
	2567	abstract_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2568	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2569	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2570	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2571	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2572	\| ptrref_operator abstract_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2573	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2574	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2575	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2576	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
	2577	{ $$ = $2; }
	2578	;
[51b7345]	2579
	2580	abstract_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2581	array_parameter_dimension
	2582	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
	2583	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2584	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2585	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2586	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2587	{ $$ = $2; }
	2588	;
[51b7345]	2589
	2590	abstract_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2591	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[2298f728]	2592	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, nullptr, $3, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2593	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2594	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2595	\| '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2596	{ $$ = $2; }
	2597	;
[51b7345]	2598
	2599	array_parameter_dimension:
[4d51835]	2600	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
	2601	array_parameter_1st_dimension
	2602	\| array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
	2603	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2604	\| multi_array_dimension
	2605	;
[51b7345]	2606
[c11e31c]	2607	// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
	2608	//
[de62360d]	2609	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall appear only in
	2610	// a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the outermost array type derivation."
[51b7345]	2611
	2612	array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[2871210]	2613	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	2614	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
	2615	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
	2616	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2617	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2618	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
	2619	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
	2620	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
	2621	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2622	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2623	\| '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
	2624	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
	2625	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
	2626	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
	2627	;
[b87a5ed]	2628
[de62360d]	2629	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type applies,
	2630	// e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2631	//
[b87a5ed]	2632	// sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
[c11e31c]	2633	//
[de62360d]	2634	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2635	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b7345]	2636
	2637	variable_abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2638	variable_abstract_ptr
	2639	\| variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2640	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2641	\| variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2642	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2643	;
[51b7345]	2644
	2645	variable_abstract_ptr:
[dd51906]	2646	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2647	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2648	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2649	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2650	\| ptrref_operator variable_abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2651	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2652	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2653	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2654	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
	2655	{ $$ = $2; }
	2656	;
[51b7345]	2657
	2658	variable_abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2659	array_dimension
	2660	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2661	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2662	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2663	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2664	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2665	{ $$ = $2; }
	2666	;
[51b7345]	2667
	2668	variable_abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2669	'(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2670	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2671	\| '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2672	{ $$ = $2; }
	2673	;
[b87a5ed]	2674
[de62360d]	2675	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either an
	2676	// identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
[b87a5ed]	2677
	2678	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2679	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	2680	\| new_abstract_tuple
	2681	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2682	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2683	;
[b87a5ed]	2684
	2685	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2686	new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2687	\| new_identifier_parameter_array
	2688	;
[b87a5ed]	2689
	2690	new_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
[dd51906]	2691	ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2692	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2693	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2694	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2695	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2696	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2697	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2698	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2699	\| ptrref_operator new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2700	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2701	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2702	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2703	;
[b87a5ed]	2704
	2705	new_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
[de62360d]	2706	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
	2707	// shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
[2871210]	2708	'[' ']' type_specifier
	2709	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2710	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
	2711	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2712	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2713	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2714	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2715	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2716	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2717	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2718	\| '[' ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2719	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2720	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2721	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2722	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2723	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2724	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2725	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2726	\| multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2727	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2728	;
[51b7345]	2729
	2730	new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[4d51835]	2731	'[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2732	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2733	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2734	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2735	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2736	// declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
	2737	// assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
	2738	// appear in this context.
	2739	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
	2740	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2741	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
	2742	;
[b87a5ed]	2743
[de62360d]	2744	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2745	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2746	//
[b87a5ed]	2747	// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2748	// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2749	//
	2750	// These rules need LR(3):
	2751	//
[2871210]	2752	// new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name
	2753	// '[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[c11e31c]	2754	//
	2755	// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
	2756	//
[b87a5ed]	2757	// [int, int] t;
	2758	// [int, int] f( int );
[c11e31c]	2759	//
[2871210]	2760	// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_type_name to know when to reduce
[de62360d]	2761	// new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the necessary
	2762	// lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and tuple declarations are
	2763	// duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier.
[b87a5ed]	2764
	2765	new_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2766	new_abstract_tuple
	2767	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2768	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2769	\| new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
	2770	;
[b87a5ed]	2771
	2772	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2773	new_abstract_ptr
	2774	\| new_abstract_array
	2775	;
[b87a5ed]	2776
	2777	new_abstract_ptr: // CFA
[dd51906]	2778	ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2779	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2780	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2781	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2782	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2783	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2784	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2785	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2786	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2787	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2788	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2789	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2790	;
[b87a5ed]	2791
	2792	new_abstract_array: // CFA
[de62360d]	2793	// Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce conflict with
	2794	// empty (void) function return type.
[2871210]	2795	'[' ']' type_specifier
[2298f728]	2796	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
[2871210]	2797	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
[2298f728]	2798	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2799	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2800	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2801	\| '[' ']' new_abstract_ptr
[2298f728]	2802	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
[2871210]	2803	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
[2298f728]	2804	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( nullptr, nullptr, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2805	\| multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2806	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2807	;
[b87a5ed]	2808
	2809	new_abstract_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2810	'[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
	2811	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	2812	;
[b87a5ed]	2813
	2814	new_abstract_function: // CFA
[2871210]	2815	'[' ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[2298f728]	2816	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, DeclarationNode::newTuple( nullptr ), $4, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2817	\| new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[2298f728]	2818	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2819	\| new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[2298f728]	2820	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( nullptr, $1, $4, nullptr ); }
[4d51835]	2821	;
[b87a5ed]	2822
[de62360d]	2823	// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration specifiers in
	2824	// each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and type name."
[c11e31c]	2825	//
[de62360d]	2826	// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the beginning of
	2827	// the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
[c11e31c]	2828	//
	2829	// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
	2830	// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
	2831	//
[de62360d]	2832	// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter identifier and
	2833	// declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an obsolescent feature.
[51b7345]	2834
[c11e31c]	2835	//*********************** MISCELLANEOUS ******************************
[51b7345]	2836
[b87a5ed]	2837	comma_opt: // redundant comma
[4d51835]	2838	// empty
	2839	\| ','
	2840	;
[51b7345]	2841
	2842	assignment_opt:
[4d51835]	2843	// empty
	2844	{ $$ = 0; }
	2845	\| '=' assignment_expression
	2846	{ $$ = $2; }
	2847	;
[51b7345]	2848
	2849	%%
[c11e31c]	2850	// ----end of grammar----
[51b7345]	2851
[0da3e2c]	2852	extern char *yytext;
	2853
[5f2f2d7]	2854	void yyerror( const char * ) {
[2298f728]	2855	cout << "Error ";
[b87a5ed]	2856	if ( yyfilename ) {
[2298f728]	2857	cout << "in file " << yyfilename << " ";
[5f2f2d7]	2858	} // if
[2298f728]	2859	cout << "at line " << yylineno << " reading token \"" << (yytext[0] == '\0' ? "EOF" : yytext) << "\"" << endl;
[51b7345]	2860	}
	2861
[c11e31c]	2862	// Local Variables: //
[b87a5ed]	2863	// mode: c++ //
[de62360d]	2864	// tab-width: 4 //
[c11e31c]	2865	// compile-command: "make install" //
	2866	// End: //

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