Context Navigation

parser.yy@ 81419b5

Visit:

ADT aaron-thesis arm-eh ast-experimental cleanup-dtors ctor deferred_resn demangler enum forall-pointer-decay gc_noraii jacob/cs343-translation jenkins-sandbox memory new-ast new-ast-unique-expr new-env no_list persistent-indexer pthread-emulation qualifiedEnum resolv-new string with_gc

Last change on this file since 81419b5 was 5f2f2d7, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 10 years ago
fix constant types, remove unnecessary string copying, work on regression testing, fix several memory leaks
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 98.7 KB

Rev	Line
[b87a5ed]	1	//
	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
	6	//
[c11e31c]	7	// cfa.y --
	8	//
	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
	10	// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[5f2f2d7]	12	// Last Modified On : Mon Jun 8 20:31:07 2015
	13	// Update Count : 1030
[c11e31c]	14	//
	15
[b87a5ed]	16	// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on
	17	// the C grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While
	18	// parts have been copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to
	19	// constitute a new grammar. In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it
	20	// parses less incorrect language syntax that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless,
	21	// there are still several semantic checks required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is
	22	// extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
[c11e31c]	23
[b87a5ed]	24	// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got
	25	// stuck with the grammar.
[c11e31c]	26
	27	// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
	28	//
	29	// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
	30	//
[b87a5ed]	31	// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This
	32	// grammar also has two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
[c11e31c]	33	//
	34	// 1. nested functions
	35	// 2. generalized lvalues
	36	// 3. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
	37	// 4. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
	38	//
[b87a5ed]	39	// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for
	40	// Cforall (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language
	41	// concepts. All of the syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above,
	42	// there is one unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is
	43	// discussed in detail before the "designation" grammar rule.
[51b73452]	44
	45	%{
[b87a5ed]	46	#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
	47	#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
[51b73452]	48
	49	#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
	50
	51	#include <cstdio>
	52	#include <stack>
	53	#include "TypedefTable.h"
	54	#include "lex.h"
	55	#include "ParseNode.h"
	56	#include "LinkageSpec.h"
	57
[b87a5ed]	58	DeclarationNode *theTree = 0; // the resulting parse tree
[51b73452]	59	LinkageSpec::Type linkage = LinkageSpec::Cforall;
	60	std::stack< LinkageSpec::Type > linkageStack;
	61	TypedefTable typedefTable;
	62	%}
	63
[c11e31c]	64	//*********************** TERMINAL TOKENS ******************************
[51b73452]	65
[c11e31c]	66	// keywords
[51b73452]	67	%token TYPEDEF
	68	%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
[b87a5ed]	69	%token INLINE // C99
	70	%token FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
[51b73452]	71	%token CONST VOLATILE
[b87a5ed]	72	%token RESTRICT // C99
	73	%token FORALL LVALUE // CFA
[51b73452]	74	%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
[b87a5ed]	75	%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
	76	%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
[51b73452]	77	%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
[b87a5ed]	78	%token TYPE FTYPE DTYPE CONTEXT // CFA
[51b73452]	79	%token SIZEOF
[b87a5ed]	80	%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
[51b73452]	81	%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
[b87a5ed]	82	%token CHOOSE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH FINALLY THROW // CFA
	83	%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
[c11e31c]	84	%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF ATOMIC GENERIC NORETURN STATICASSERT THREADLOCAL // C11
[51b73452]	85
[c11e31c]	86	// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
[b87a5ed]	87	%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
	88	%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
	89	%token<tok> INTEGERconstant FLOATINGconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
	90	%token<tok> ZERO ONE // CFA
[51b73452]	91
[c11e31c]	92	// multi-character operators
[b87a5ed]	93	%token ARROW // ->
	94	%token ICR DECR // ++ --
	95	%token LS RS // << >>
	96	%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
	97	%token ANDAND OROR // && \|\|
	98	%token ELLIPSIS // ...
	99
	100	%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // *= /= %=/
	101	%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
	102	%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
	103	%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= \|=
[51b73452]	104
[c11e31c]	105	// Types declaration
[51b73452]	106	%union
	107	{
[b87a5ed]	108	Token tok;
	109	ParseNode *pn;
	110	ExpressionNode *en;
	111	DeclarationNode *decl;
	112	DeclarationNode::TyCon aggKey;
	113	DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
	114	StatementNode *sn;
	115	ConstantNode *constant;
	116	InitializerNode *in;
[51b73452]	117	}
	118
	119	%type<tok> zero_one identifier no_attr_identifier no_01_identifier
	120	%type<tok> identifier_or_typedef_name no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name
	121	%type<constant> string_literal_list
	122
[c11e31c]	123	// expressions
[51b73452]	124	%type<constant> constant
[b87a5ed]	125	%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
	126	%type<en> unary_operator assignment_operator
	127	%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
	128	%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
	129	%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
	130	%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
	131	%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
	132	%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
	133	%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression for_control_expression assignment_opt
[51b73452]	134	%type<en> subrange
	135
[c11e31c]	136	// statements
[b87a5ed]	137	%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
	138	%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
	139	%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
	140	%type<sn> statement statement_list
	141	%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
[51b73452]	142	%type<sn> case_clause
[b87a5ed]	143	%type<en> case_value case_value_list
	144	%type<sn> case_label case_label_list
	145	%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
	146	%type<pn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
[51b73452]	147
[c11e31c]	148	// declarations
[51b73452]	149	%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
	150	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
	151	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
	152
	153	%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
	154	%type<decl> aggregate_name
	155
	156	%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
	157
	158	%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
	159
	160	%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
	161
	162	%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
	163
	164	%type<decl> context_declaration context_declaration_list context_declaring_list context_specifier
	165
	166	%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
	167	%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
	168
	169	%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
	170
	171	%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
	172	%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
	173
	174	%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
	175
	176	%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
	177	%type<en> field field_list
	178
[4d51835]	179	%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
[51b73452]	180
	181	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
	182	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
	183
	184	%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	185	%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
	186	%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
	187
	188	%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
	189
	190	%type<decl> new_context_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
	191	%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
	192
	193	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	194	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	195
	196	%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
	197
	198	%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
	199
	200	%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
	201	%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
	202
	203	%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
	204	%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
	205
	206	%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_typedef
	207
	208	%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_name storage_class_list
	209
	210	%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
	211
	212	%type<tclass> type_class
	213	%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
	214
	215	%type<decl> typedef typedef_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
	216	%type<decl> typedef_function typedef_parameter_array typedef_parameter_function typedef_parameter_ptr
	217	%type<decl> typedef_parameter_redeclarator typedef_ptr typedef_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
	218	%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier
	219
	220	%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
	221	%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
	222
	223	%type<en> type_name_list
	224
	225	%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
	226
	227	%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
	228	%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
	229
[c11e31c]	230	// initializers
[51b73452]	231	%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
	232
[c11e31c]	233	// designators
[51b73452]	234	%type<en> designator designator_list designation
	235
	236
[b87a5ed]	237	// Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
	238	// is ambiguous:
	239	// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[c11e31c]	240	// if ( C ) S1 else S2
[b87a5ed]	241	// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
[51b73452]	242
[c11e31c]	243	%nonassoc THEN // rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
	244	%nonassoc ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement
[51b73452]	245
[b87a5ed]	246	%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
[51b73452]	247
	248	%%
[c11e31c]	249	//*********************** Namespace Management ******************************
	250
[b87a5ed]	251	// The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal
	252	// symbols "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a
	253	// purely context-free grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic
	254	// constructs. Hence, this grammar uses the ANSI style.
[c11e31c]	255	//
[b87a5ed]	256	// Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance,
	257	// those introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parametrized types.
	258	// This latter type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
[c11e31c]	259	//
[b87a5ed]	260	// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context
	261	// information, it accesses a data structure (the TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that
	262	// it has just read. Semantic actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of
	263	// identifiers change.
[c11e31c]	264	//
[b87a5ed]	265	// Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its
	266	// class in a local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can
	267	// be local to a particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing
	268	// between type names that are local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of
	269	// the declaration (i.e., names defined in "typedef" or "type" declarations).
[c11e31c]	270	//
[b87a5ed]	271	// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and
	272	// closing of scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do
	273	// not always occur within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly
	274	// necessary from a semantic point of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing
	275	// conflicts -- the parser may not have enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new
	276	// scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the
	277	// grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve
	278	// conflicts of this sort.
[51b73452]	279
	280	push:
[4d51835]	281	{
	282	typedefTable.enterScope();
	283	}
	284	;
[51b73452]	285
	286	pop:
[4d51835]	287	{
	288	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	289	}
	290	;
[51b73452]	291
[c11e31c]	292	//*********************** CONSTANTS ******************************
[51b73452]	293
	294	constant:
[4d51835]	295	// ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type
	296	// "enumeration constant".
[59db689]	297	INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Integer, $1 ); }
	298	\| FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Float, $1 ); }
	299	\| CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Character, $1 ); }
[4d51835]	300	;
[51b73452]	301
	302	identifier:
[4d51835]	303	IDENTIFIER
	304	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	305	\| zero_one // CFA
	306	;
[51b73452]	307
	308	no_01_identifier:
[4d51835]	309	IDENTIFIER
	310	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	311	;
[51b73452]	312
	313	no_attr_identifier:
[4d51835]	314	IDENTIFIER
	315	;
[51b73452]	316
[b87a5ed]	317	zero_one: // CFA
[4d51835]	318	ZERO
	319	\| ONE
	320	;
[51b73452]	321
[b87a5ed]	322	string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
[59db689]	323	STRINGliteral { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::String, $1 ); }
	324	\| string_literal_list STRINGliteral { $$ = $1->appendstr( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	325	;
[51b73452]	326
[c11e31c]	327	//*********************** EXPRESSIONS ******************************
[51b73452]	328
	329	primary_expression:
[4d51835]	330	IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
	331	{ $$ = new VarRefNode($1); }
	332	\| zero_one
	333	{ $$ = new VarRefNode($1); }
	334	\| constant
	335	{ $$ = $1; }
	336	\| string_literal_list
	337	{ $$ = $1; }
	338	\| '(' comma_expression ')'
	339	{ $$ = $2; }
	340	\| '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
	341	{ $$ = new ValofExprNode($2); }
	342	;
[51b73452]	343
	344	postfix_expression:
[4d51835]	345	primary_expression
	346	\| postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	347	// CFA, comma_expression disallowed in the context because it results in a commom user error:
	348	// subscripting a matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards
	349	// compatible, there seems to be little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is
	350	// possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is equivalent to the old x[i,j].
	351	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Index), $1, $4); }
	352	\| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
	353	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode($1, $3); }
	354	\| postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
	355	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), $1, new VarRefNode($3)); }
	356	\| postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	357	\| postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
	358	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), $1, new VarRefNode($3)); }
	359	\| postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	360	\| postfix_expression ICR
	361	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::IncrPost), $1); }
	362	\| postfix_expression DECR
	363	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::DecrPost), $1); }
	364	// GCC has priority: cast_expression
	365	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // C99
	366	{ $$ = 0; }
	367	;
[51b73452]	368
	369	argument_expression_list:
[4d51835]	370	argument_expression
	371	\| argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
	372	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link($3)); }
	373	;
[51b73452]	374
	375	argument_expression:
[4d51835]	376	// empty
	377	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
	378	\| assignment_expression
	379	\| no_attr_identifier ':' assignment_expression
	380	{ $$ = $3->set_asArgName($1); }
	381	// Only a list of no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name is allowed in this context. However, there is
	382	// insufficient look ahead to distinguish between this list of parameter names and a tuple, so the
	383	// tuple form must be used with an appropriate semantic check.
	384	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
	385	{ $$ = $7->set_asArgName($3); }
	386	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
	387	{ $$ = $9->set_asArgName( new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 )))); }
	388	;
[b87a5ed]	389
	390	field_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	391	field
	392	\| field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
	393	;
[b87a5ed]	394
	395	field: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	396	no_attr_identifier
	397	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
	398	\| no_attr_identifier '.' field
	399	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3); }
	400	\| no_attr_identifier '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
	401	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5); }
	402	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW field
	403	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3); }
	404	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
	405	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5); }
	406	;
[51b73452]	407
	408	unary_expression:
[4d51835]	409	postfix_expression
	410	\| ICR unary_expression
	411	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Incr), $2); }
	412	\| DECR unary_expression
	413	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Decr), $2); }
	414	\| EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
	415	{ $$ = $2; }
	416	\| unary_operator cast_expression
	417	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode($1, $2); }
	418	\| '!' cast_expression
	419	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Neg), $2); }
	420	\| '*' cast_expression // CFA
	421	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PointTo), $2); }
	422	// '*' is is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
	423	// { * X; } // dereference X
	424	// { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
	425	// '&' must be moved here if C++ reference variables are supported.
	426	\| SIZEOF unary_expression
	427	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::SizeOf), $2); }
	428	\| SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
	429	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::SizeOf), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
	430	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER
	431	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1)); }
	432	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
	433	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
	434	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
	435	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1), $3); }
	436	\| ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
	437	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AlignOf), $2); }
	438	\| ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
	439	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AlignOf), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
	440	\| ANDAND no_attr_identifier // GCC, address of label
	441	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LabelAddress), new VarRefNode($2, true)); }
	442	;
[51b73452]	443
	444	unary_operator:
[4d51835]	445	'&' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AddressOf); }
	446	\| '+' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::UnPlus); }
	447	\| '-' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::UnMinus); }
	448	\| '~' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitNeg); }
	449	;
[51b73452]	450
	451	cast_expression:
[4d51835]	452	unary_expression
	453	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
	454	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cast), new TypeValueNode($2), $4); }
	455	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
	456	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cast), new TypeValueNode($2), $4); }
	457	;
[51b73452]	458
	459	multiplicative_expression:
[4d51835]	460	cast_expression
	461	\| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
	462	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Mul),$1,$3); }
	463	\| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
	464	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Div),$1,$3); }
	465	\| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
	466	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Mod),$1,$3); }
	467	;
[51b73452]	468
	469	additive_expression:
[4d51835]	470	multiplicative_expression
	471	\| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
	472	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Plus),$1,$3); }
	473	\| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
	474	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Minus),$1,$3); }
	475	;
[51b73452]	476
	477	shift_expression:
[4d51835]	478	additive_expression
	479	\| shift_expression LS additive_expression
	480	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LShift),$1,$3); }
	481	\| shift_expression RS additive_expression
	482	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::RShift),$1,$3); }
	483	;
[51b73452]	484
	485	relational_expression:
[4d51835]	486	shift_expression
	487	\| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
	488	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LThan),$1,$3); }
	489	\| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
	490	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::GThan),$1,$3); }
	491	\| relational_expression LE shift_expression
	492	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LEThan),$1,$3); }
	493	\| relational_expression GE shift_expression
	494	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::GEThan),$1,$3); }
	495	;
[51b73452]	496
	497	equality_expression:
[4d51835]	498	relational_expression
	499	\| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
	500	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Eq), $1, $3); }
	501	\| equality_expression NE relational_expression
	502	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Neq), $1, $3); }
	503	;
[51b73452]	504
	505	AND_expression:
[4d51835]	506	equality_expression
	507	\| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
	508	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitAnd), $1, $3); }
	509	;
[51b73452]	510
	511	exclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	512	AND_expression
	513	\| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
	514	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Xor), $1, $3); }
	515	;
[51b73452]	516
	517	inclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	518	exclusive_OR_expression
	519	\| inclusive_OR_expression '\|' exclusive_OR_expression
	520	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitOr), $1, $3); }
	521	;
[51b73452]	522
	523	logical_AND_expression:
[4d51835]	524	inclusive_OR_expression
	525	\| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
	526	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::And), $1, $3); }
	527	;
[51b73452]	528
	529	logical_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	530	logical_AND_expression
	531	\| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
	532	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Or), $1, $3); }
	533	;
[51b73452]	534
	535	conditional_expression:
[4d51835]	536	logical_OR_expression
	537	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
[59db689]	538	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cond), (ExpressionNode )mkList( ($1, $3, $5) ) ); }
[4d51835]	539	\| logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
	540	{ $$=new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::NCond),$1,$4); }
	541	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple // CFA, tuple expression
[59db689]	542	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cond), (ExpressionNode )mkList( ($1, $3, $5) ) ); }
[4d51835]	543	;
[51b73452]	544
	545	constant_expression:
[4d51835]	546	conditional_expression
	547	;
[51b73452]	548
	549	assignment_expression:
[4d51835]	550	// CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
	551	conditional_expression
	552	\| unary_expression '=' assignment_expression
	553	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Assign), $1, $3); }
	554	\| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
	555	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode($2, $1, $3); }
	556	\| tuple assignment_opt // CFA, tuple expression
	557	{ $$ = ($2 == 0) ? $1 : new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Assign ), $1, $2 ); }
	558	;
[51b73452]	559
	560	assignment_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	561	// empty
	562	{ $$ = new NullExprNode; }
	563	\| assignment_expression
	564	;
[b87a5ed]	565
	566	tuple: // CFA, tuple
[4d51835]	567	// CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce
	568	// conflict with comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and new_abstract_array
	569	'[' push pop ']'
	570	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ) ); }
	571	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	572	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), $3 ); }
	573	\| '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
	574	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(new NullExprNode)->set_link( $4 ) ); }
	575	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
	576	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 ) ) ); }
	577	;
[51b73452]	578
	579	tuple_expression_list:
[4d51835]	580	assignment_expression_opt
	581	\| tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
	582	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
	583	;
[51b73452]	584
	585	assignment_operator:
[4d51835]	586	MULTassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::MulAssn); }
	587	\| DIVassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::DivAssn); }
	588	\| MODassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::ModAssn); }
	589	\| PLUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PlusAssn); }
	590	\| MINUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::MinusAssn); }
	591	\| LSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LSAssn); }
	592	\| RSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::RSAssn); }
	593	\| ANDassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AndAssn); }
	594	\| ERassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::ERAssn); }
	595	\| ORassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::OrAssn); }
	596	;
[51b73452]	597
	598	comma_expression:
[4d51835]	599	assignment_expression
	600	\| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression // { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->add_to_list($3); }
	601	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Comma),$1,$3); }
	602	;
[51b73452]	603
	604	comma_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	605	// empty
	606	{ $$ = 0; }
	607	\| comma_expression
	608	;
[51b73452]	609
[c11e31c]	610	//************************* STATEMENTS *****************************
[51b73452]	611
	612	statement:
[4d51835]	613	labeled_statement
	614	\| compound_statement
	615	\| expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
	616	\| selection_statement
	617	\| iteration_statement
	618	\| jump_statement
	619	\| exception_statement
	620	\| asm_statement
	621	;
[51b73452]	622
	623	labeled_statement:
[4d51835]	624	no_attr_identifier ':' attribute_list_opt statement
	625	{ $$ = $4->add_label($1);}
	626	;
[51b73452]	627
	628	compound_statement:
[4d51835]	629	'{' '}'
	630	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( (StatementNode *)0 ); }
	631	\| '{'
	632	// Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within the
	633	// block also requires its own scope
	634	push push
	635	label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
	636	block_item_list pop '}' // C99, intermix declarations and statements
	637	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( $5 ); }
	638	;
[b87a5ed]	639
	640	block_item_list: // C99
[4d51835]	641	block_item
	642	\| block_item_list push block_item
	643	{ if ($1 != 0) { $1->set_link($3); $$ = $1; } }
	644	;
[51b73452]	645
	646	block_item:
[4d51835]	647	declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
	648	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
	649	\| EXTENSION declaration // GCC
	650	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $2 ); }
	651	\| function_definition
	652	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
	653	\| statement pop
	654	;
[51b73452]	655
	656	statement_list:
[4d51835]	657	statement
	658	\| statement_list statement
	659	{ if ($1 != 0) { $1->set_link($2); $$ = $1; } }
	660	;
[51b73452]	661
	662	expression_statement:
[4d51835]	663	comma_expression_opt ';'
	664	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Exp, $1, 0); }
	665	;
[51b73452]	666
	667	selection_statement:
[4d51835]	668	IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
	669	// explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
	670	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::If, $3, $5); }
	671	\| IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
	672	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::If, $3, (StatementNode )mkList(($5, *$7)) ); }
	673	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
	674	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Switch, $3, $5); }
	675	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
	676	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Switch, $3, $8); /* xxx */ }
	677	// The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include any associated initialization, which is
	678	// performed before the transfer to the appropriate case clause. Statements after the initial
	679	// declaration list can never be executed, and therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C
	680	// allows it.
	681	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
	682	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Choose, $3, $5); }
	683	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
	684	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Choose, $3, $8); }
	685	;
[b87a5ed]	686
	687	// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a
	688	// case clause allows a list of values and subranges.
	689
	690	case_value: // CFA
[4d51835]	691	constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
	692	\| constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
	693	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range),$1,$3); }
	694	\| subrange // CFA, subrange
	695	;
[b87a5ed]	696
	697	case_value_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	698	case_value
	699	\| case_value_list ',' case_value
	700	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(tupleContents($1))->set_link($3) ); }
	701	;
[b87a5ed]	702
	703	case_label: // CFA
[4d51835]	704	CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Case, $2, 0); }
	705	\| DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Default); }
	706	// A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
	707	;
[b87a5ed]	708
	709	case_label_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	710	case_label
	711	\| case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2)); }
	712	;
[b87a5ed]	713
	714	case_clause: // CFA
[4d51835]	715	case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
	716	;
[b87a5ed]	717
	718	switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	719	// empty
	720	{ $$ = 0; }
	721	\| switch_clause_list
	722	;
[b87a5ed]	723
	724	switch_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	725	case_label_list statement_list
	726	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
	727	\| switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
	728	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2->append_last_case($3))); }
	729	;
[b87a5ed]	730
	731	choose_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	732	// empty
	733	{ $$ = 0; }
	734	\| choose_clause_list
	735	;
[b87a5ed]	736
	737	choose_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	738	case_label_list fall_through
	739	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
	740	\| case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
	741	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($2,*$3))); }
	742	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
	743	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2->append_last_case($3))); }
	744	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
	745	{ $$ = (StatementNode )($1->set_link($2->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($3,$4))))); }
	746	;
[b87a5ed]	747
	748	fall_through_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	749	// empty
	750	{ $$ = 0; }
	751	\| fall_through
	752	;
[b87a5ed]	753
	754	fall_through: // CFA
[4d51835]	755	FALLTHRU { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0); }
	756	\| FALLTHRU ';' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0); }
	757	;
[51b73452]	758
	759	iteration_statement:
[4d51835]	760	WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
	761	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::While, $3, $5); }
	762	\| DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
	763	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Do, $5, $2); }
	764	\| FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
	765	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::For, $4, $6); }
	766	;
[51b73452]	767
	768	for_control_expression:
[4d51835]	769	comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
	770	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode($1, $4, $6); }
	771	\| declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99
	772	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode($1, $2, $4); }
	773	;
[51b73452]	774
	775	jump_statement:
[4d51835]	776	GOTO no_attr_identifier ';'
	777	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Goto, $2); }
	778	\| GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
	779	// The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto *i+3; =>
	780	// goto (i+3); whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (i)+3;
	781	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Goto, $3); }
	782	\| CONTINUE ';'
	783	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration
	784	// statement.
	785	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Continue, 0, 0); }
	786	\| CONTINUE no_attr_identifier ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
	787	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration
	788	// statement, and the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
	789	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Continue, $2); }
	790	\| BREAK ';'
	791	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration
	792	// statement.
	793	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Break, 0, 0); }
	794	\| BREAK no_attr_identifier ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
	795	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration
	796	// statement, and the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
	797	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Break, $2 ); }
	798	\| RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
	799	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Return, $2, 0); }
	800	\| THROW assignment_expression ';'
	801	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Throw, $2, 0); }
	802	\| THROW ';'
	803	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Throw, 0, 0); }
	804	;
[51b73452]	805
	806	exception_statement:
[4d51835]	807	TRY compound_statement handler_list
	808	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3)))); }
	809	\| TRY compound_statement finally_clause
	810	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3)))); }
	811	\| TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
	812	{
	813	$3->set_link($4);
	814	$$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3))));
	815	}
	816	;
[51b73452]	817
	818	handler_list:
[4d51835]	819	// There must be at least one catch clause
	820	handler_clause
	821	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for its try
	822	// block.
	823	\| CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
	824	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $5, true ); }
	825	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
	826	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $6, true ) ); }
	827	;
[51b73452]	828
	829	handler_clause:
[4d51835]	830	CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
	831	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt($5, $8); }
	832	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
	833	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt($6, $9) ); }
	834	;
[51b73452]	835
	836	finally_clause:
[4d51835]	837	FINALLY compound_statement
	838	{
	839	$$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Finally, 0, $2);
	840	std::cout << "Just created a finally node" << std::endl;
	841	}
	842	;
[51b73452]	843
	844	exception_declaration:
[4d51835]	845	// A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
	846	//
	847	// catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
	848	//
	849	// This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types.
	850	type_specifier
	851	\| type_specifier declarator
	852	{
	853	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	854	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	855	}
	856	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	857	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	858	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
	859	{
	860	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	861	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	862	}
	863	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	864	;
[51b73452]	865
	866	asm_statement:
[4d51835]	867	ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ')' ';'
	868	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
	869	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
	870	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
	871	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
	872	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
	873	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list ')' ';'
	874	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
	875	;
[b87a5ed]	876
	877	asm_operands_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	878	// empty
	879	\| asm_operands_list
	880	;
[b87a5ed]	881
	882	asm_operands_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	883	asm_operand
	884	\| asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
	885	;
[b87a5ed]	886
	887	asm_operand: // GCC
[4d51835]	888	STRINGliteral '(' constant_expression ')' {}
	889	;
[b87a5ed]	890
	891	asm_clobbers_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	892	STRINGliteral {}
	893	\| asm_clobbers_list ',' STRINGliteral
	894	;
[51b73452]	895
[c11e31c]	896	//***************************** DECLARATIONS *******************************
[51b73452]	897
[b87a5ed]	898	declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
[4d51835]	899	pop
	900	{ $$ = 0; }
	901	\| declaration_list
	902	;
[51b73452]	903
	904	declaration_list:
[4d51835]	905	declaration
	906	\| declaration_list push declaration
	907	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	908	;
[51b73452]	909
[b87a5ed]	910	old_declaration_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
[4d51835]	911	pop
	912	{ $$ = 0; }
	913	\| old_declaration_list
	914	;
[51b73452]	915
	916	old_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	917	old_declaration
	918	\| old_declaration_list push old_declaration
	919	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	920	;
[b87a5ed]	921
	922	label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	923	// empty
	924	\| label_declaration_list
	925	;
[b87a5ed]	926
	927	label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	928	LABEL label_list ';'
	929	\| label_declaration_list LABEL label_list ';'
	930	;
[b87a5ed]	931
	932	label_list: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	933	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name {}
	934	\| label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name {}
	935	;
[b87a5ed]	936
	937	declaration: // CFA, new & old style declarations
[4d51835]	938	new_declaration
	939	\| old_declaration
	940	;
[b87a5ed]	941
	942	// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and
	943	// function declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places
	944	// declaration modifiers to the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of
	945	// the base type. CFA declaration modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type
	946	// specification is distributed across all variables in the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the
	947	// new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program block, but cannot be mixed within a specific
	948	// declaration.
[c11e31c]	949	//
[b87a5ed]	950	// CFA C
	951	// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
	952	// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
	953
	954	new_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	955	new_variable_declaration pop ';'
	956	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
	957	\| new_function_declaration pop ';'
	958	\| type_declaring_list pop ';'
	959	\| context_specifier pop ';'
	960	;
[b87a5ed]	961
	962	new_variable_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	963	new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
	964	{
	965	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	966	$$ = $1;
	967	}
	968	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
	969	// declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to
	970	// preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
	971	{
	972	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	973	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	974	}
	975	\| new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name initializer_opt
	976	{
	977	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	978	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	979	}
	980	;
[b87a5ed]	981
	982	new_variable_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	983	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or
	984	// explicit static storage-class
	985	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
	986	{
	987	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	988	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	989	}
	990	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
	991	{
	992	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	993	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	994	}
	995	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
	996	{
	997	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
	998	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
	999	}
	1000	;
[b87a5ed]	1001
	1002	new_function_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1003	new_function_specifier
	1004	{
	1005	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1006	$$ = $1;
	1007	}
	1008	\| type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1009	{
	1010	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1011	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1012	}
	1013	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1014	{
	1015	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1016	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1017	}
	1018	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1019	{
	1020	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1021	$$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 );
	1022	}
	1023	\| new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name
	1024	{
	1025	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	1026	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1027	}
	1028	;
[b87a5ed]	1029
	1030	new_function_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1031	'[' push pop ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1032	{
	1033	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($5) );
	1034	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1035	}
	1036	\| '[' push pop ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1037	{
	1038	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($5) );
	1039	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1040	}
	1041	// identifier_or_typedef_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
	1042	//
	1043	// '[' ']' identifier_or_typedef_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
	1044	// '[' ']' type_specifier
	1045	//
	1046	// type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g. typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this
	1047	// must be flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce
	1048	// identifier_or_typedef_name.
	1049	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1050	// To obtain LR(1), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see
	1051	// new_abstract_declarator).
	1052	{
	1053	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1054	}
	1055	\| new_function_return identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1056	{
	1057	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1058	}
	1059	;
[b87a5ed]	1060
	1061	new_function_return: // CFA
[4d51835]	1062	'[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
	1063	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	1064	\| '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
	1065	// To obtain LR(1), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to
	1066	// lookahead to the ']'.
	1067	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
	1068	;
[b87a5ed]	1069
	1070	new_typedef_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1071	TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
	1072	{
	1073	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1074	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1075	}
	1076	\| TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
	1077	{
	1078	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1079	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1080	}
	1081	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
	1082	{
	1083	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD);
	1084	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1085	}
	1086	;
[b87a5ed]	1087
	1088	// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is
	1089	// factored out as a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and
	1090	// initialization.
[51b73452]	1091
	1092	typedef_declaration:
[4d51835]	1093	TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
	1094	{
	1095	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1096	$$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
	1097	}
	1098	\| typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
	1099	{
	1100	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1101	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
	1102	}
	1103	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1104	{
	1105	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1106	$$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1107	}
	1108	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
	1109	{
	1110	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1111	$$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1112	}
	1113	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
	1114	{
	1115	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1116	$$ = $4->addQualifiers($1)->addTypedef()->addType($1);
	1117	}
	1118	;
[b87a5ed]	1119
	1120	typedef_expression: // GCC, naming expression type
[4d51835]	1121	TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1122	{
	1123	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::TD);
	1124	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1125	}
	1126	\| typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1127	{
	1128	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($5), TypedefTable::TD);
	1129	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1130	}
	1131	;
[51b73452]	1132
	1133	old_declaration:
[4d51835]	1134	declaring_list pop ';'
	1135	\| typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1136	\| typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
	1137	\| sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
	1138	;
[51b73452]	1139
	1140	declaring_list:
[4d51835]	1141	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or
	1142	// explicit static storage-class
	1143	declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1144	{
	1145	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1146	$$ = ($2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer($4);
	1147	}
	1148	\| declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1149	{
	1150	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1151	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer($6) ) );
	1152	}
	1153	;
[b87a5ed]	1154
	1155	declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
[4d51835]	1156	basic_declaration_specifier
	1157	\| sue_declaration_specifier
	1158	\| typedef_declaration_specifier
	1159	\| typegen_declaration_specifier
	1160	;
[b87a5ed]	1161
	1162	type_specifier: // declaration specifier - storage class
[4d51835]	1163	basic_type_specifier
	1164	\| sue_type_specifier
	1165	\| typedef_type_specifier
	1166	\| typegen_type_specifier
	1167	;
[b87a5ed]	1168
	1169	type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
[4d51835]	1170	// empty
	1171	{ $$ = 0; }
	1172	\| type_qualifier_list
	1173	;
[51b73452]	1174
	1175	type_qualifier_list:
[4d51835]	1176	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of
	1177	// declaration.
	1178	//
	1179	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
	1180	// specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as
	1181	// if it appeared only once.
	1182	type_qualifier
	1183	\| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
	1184	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1185	;
[51b73452]	1186
	1187	type_qualifier:
[4d51835]	1188	type_qualifier_name
	1189	\| attribute
	1190	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
	1191	;
[51b73452]	1192
	1193	type_qualifier_name:
[4d51835]	1194	CONST
	1195	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
	1196	\| RESTRICT
	1197	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
	1198	\| VOLATILE
	1199	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
	1200	\| LVALUE // CFA
	1201	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
	1202	\| ATOMIC
	1203	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Atomic ); }
	1204	\| FORALL '('
	1205	{
	1206	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1207	}
	1208	type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
	1209	{
	1210	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1211	$$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
	1212	}
	1213	;
[51b73452]	1214
	1215	declaration_qualifier_list:
[4d51835]	1216	storage_class_list
	1217	\| type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1218	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1219	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
	1220	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1221	;
[51b73452]	1222
	1223	storage_class_list:
[4d51835]	1224	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration
	1225	// and that only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
	1226	//
	1227	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the
	1228	// declaration specifiers in a declaration.
	1229	storage_class
	1230	\| storage_class_list storage_class
	1231	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1232	;
[51b73452]	1233
	1234	storage_class:
[4d51835]	1235	storage_class_name
	1236	;
[51b73452]	1237
	1238	storage_class_name:
[4d51835]	1239	EXTERN
	1240	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
	1241	\| STATIC
	1242	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
	1243	\| AUTO
	1244	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
	1245	\| REGISTER
	1246	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
	1247	\| INLINE // C99
	1248	// INLINE is essentially a storage class specifier for functions, and hence, belongs here.
	1249	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
	1250	\| FORTRAN // C99
	1251	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
	1252	;
[51b73452]	1253
	1254	basic_type_name:
[4d51835]	1255	CHAR
	1256	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
	1257	\| DOUBLE
	1258	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
	1259	\| FLOAT
	1260	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
	1261	\| INT
	1262	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
	1263	\| LONG
	1264	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
	1265	\| SHORT
	1266	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
	1267	\| SIGNED
	1268	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
	1269	\| UNSIGNED
	1270	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
	1271	\| VOID
	1272	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
	1273	\| BOOL // C99
	1274	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
	1275	\| COMPLEX // C99
	1276	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
	1277	\| IMAGINARY // C99
	1278	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
	1279	;
[51b73452]	1280
	1281	basic_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1282	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
	1283	basic_type_specifier
	1284	\| declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
	1285	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1286	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1287	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1288	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1289	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1290	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
	1291	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
	1292	;
[51b73452]	1293
	1294	basic_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1295	direct_type_name
	1296	\| type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
	1297	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1298	;
[51b73452]	1299
	1300	direct_type_name:
[4d51835]	1301	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers.
	1302	basic_type_name
	1303	\| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
	1304	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1305	\| direct_type_name type_qualifier
	1306	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1307	\| direct_type_name basic_type_name
	1308	{ $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
	1309	;
[51b73452]	1310
	1311	indirect_type_name:
[4d51835]	1312	TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
	1313	{ $$ = $3; }
	1314	\| TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
	1315	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
	1316	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
	1317	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1318	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
	1319	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1320	;
[51b73452]	1321
	1322	sue_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1323	sue_type_specifier
	1324	\| declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
	1325	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1326	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1327	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1328	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1329	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1330	;
[51b73452]	1331
	1332	sue_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1333	elaborated_type_name // struct, union, enum
	1334	\| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
	1335	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1336	\| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1337	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1338	;
[51b73452]	1339
	1340	typedef_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1341	typedef_type_specifier
	1342	\| declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
	1343	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1344	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1345	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1346	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1347	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1348	;
[b87a5ed]	1349
	1350	typedef_type_specifier: // typedef types
[4d51835]	1351	TYPEDEFname
	1352	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
	1353	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
	1354	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1355	\| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1356	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1357	;
[51b73452]	1358
	1359	elaborated_type_name:
[4d51835]	1360	aggregate_name
	1361	\| enum_name
	1362	;
[51b73452]	1363
	1364	aggregate_name:
[4d51835]	1365	aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
	1366	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, 0, 0, $3 ); }
	1367	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1368	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, 0 ); }
	1369	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}'
	1370	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, $4 ); }
	1371	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1372	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $4, 0, $8 ); }
	1373	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name // CFA
	1374	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, $4, 0, 0 ); }
	1375	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1376	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, $4, 0, $9 ); }
	1377	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1378	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $4, $8, $11 ); }
	1379	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_name_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name // CFA
	1380	// push and pop are only to prevent S/R conflicts
	1381	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, 0, $4, 0 ); }
	1382	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '(' type_name_list ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1383	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $10, $4, $8, $12 ); }
	1384	;
[51b73452]	1385
	1386	aggregate_key:
[4d51835]	1387	STRUCT attribute_list_opt
	1388	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
	1389	\| UNION attribute_list_opt
	1390	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
	1391	;
[51b73452]	1392
	1393	field_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1394	field_declaration
	1395	{ $$ = $1; }
	1396	\| field_declaration_list field_declaration
	1397	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $2 ); }
	1398	;
[51b73452]	1399
	1400	field_declaration:
[4d51835]	1401	new_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
	1402	\| EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
	1403	{ $$ = $2; }
	1404	\| field_declaring_list ';'
	1405	\| EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
	1406	{ $$ = $2; }
	1407	;
[b87a5ed]	1408
	1409	new_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
[4d51835]	1410	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA, no field name
	1411	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1412	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
	1413	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1414	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
	1415	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' // CFA, no field name
	1416	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
	1417	;
[51b73452]	1418
	1419	field_declaring_list:
[4d51835]	1420	type_specifier field_declarator
	1421	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1422	\| field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
	1423	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
	1424	;
[51b73452]	1425
	1426	field_declarator:
[4d51835]	1427	// empty
	1428	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ } // CFA, no field name
	1429	\| bit_subrange_size // no field name
	1430	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
	1431	\| variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
	1432	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1433	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
	1434	\| typedef_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
	1435	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1436	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
	1437	\| variable_abstract_declarator // CFA, no field name
	1438	;
[51b73452]	1439
	1440	bit_subrange_size_opt:
[4d51835]	1441	// empty
	1442	{ $$ = 0; }
	1443	\| bit_subrange_size
	1444	{ $$ = $1; }
	1445	;
[51b73452]	1446
	1447	bit_subrange_size:
[4d51835]	1448	':' constant_expression
	1449	{ $$ = $2; }
	1450	;
[51b73452]	1451
	1452	enum_key:
[4d51835]	1453	ENUM attribute_list_opt
	1454	;
[51b73452]	1455
	1456	enum_name:
[4d51835]	1457	enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1458	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( 0, $3 ); }
	1459	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1460	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $4 ); }
	1461	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1462	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 ); }
	1463	;
[51b73452]	1464
	1465	enumerator_list:
[4d51835]	1466	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name enumerator_value_opt
	1467	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
	1468	\| enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name enumerator_value_opt
	1469	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
	1470	;
[51b73452]	1471
	1472	enumerator_value_opt:
[4d51835]	1473	// empty
	1474	{ $$ = 0; }
	1475	\| '=' constant_expression
	1476	{ $$ = $2; }
	1477	;
[51b73452]	1478
[c11e31c]	1479	// Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end.
[51b73452]	1480
[b87a5ed]	1481	new_parameter_type_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1482	// empty
	1483	{ $$ = 0; }
	1484	\| new_parameter_type_list
	1485	;
[b87a5ed]	1486
	1487	new_parameter_type_list: // CFA, abstract + real
[4d51835]	1488	new_abstract_parameter_list
	1489	\| new_parameter_list
	1490	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
	1491	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1492	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1493	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1494	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1495	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1496	;
[b87a5ed]	1497
	1498	new_parameter_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1499	// To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last
	1500	// new_abstract_parameter_list is factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get
	1501	// lookahead to the ']'.
	1502	new_parameter_declaration
	1503	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1504	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1505	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1506	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1507	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1508	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
	1509	;
[b87a5ed]	1510
	1511	new_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
[4d51835]	1512	new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1513	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1514	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1515	;
[51b73452]	1516
	1517	parameter_type_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1518	// empty
	1519	{ $$ = 0; }
	1520	\| parameter_type_list
	1521	;
[51b73452]	1522
	1523	parameter_type_list:
[4d51835]	1524	parameter_list
	1525	\| parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1526	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1527	;
[b87a5ed]	1528
	1529	parameter_list: // abstract + real
[4d51835]	1530	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1531	\| parameter_declaration
	1532	\| parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
	1533	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1534	\| parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
	1535	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1536	;
[51b73452]	1537
[c11e31c]	1538	// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different
	1539	// semantics for typedef name by using typedef_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and
	1540	// function prototypes.
[51b73452]	1541
[b87a5ed]	1542	new_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1543	parameter_declaration
	1544	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
	1545	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
	1546	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
	1547	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1548	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
	1549	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
	1550	{ $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1551	\| new_function_specifier
	1552	;
[b87a5ed]	1553
	1554	new_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1555	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1556	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	1557	\| new_abstract_tuple
	1558	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1559	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	1560	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1561	\| new_abstract_function
	1562	;
[51b73452]	1563
	1564	parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1565	declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
	1566	{
	1567	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1568	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode($3) );
	1569	}
	1570	\| declaration_specifier typedef_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
	1571	{
	1572	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1573	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode($3) );
	1574	}
	1575	;
[51b73452]	1576
	1577	abstract_parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1578	declaration_specifier
	1579	\| declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
	1580	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1581	;
[51b73452]	1582
[c11e31c]	1583	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
	1584	// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is
	1585	// based only on identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
[51b73452]	1586
[b87a5ed]	1587	identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
[4d51835]	1588	no_attr_identifier
	1589	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
	1590	\| identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
	1591	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
	1592	;
[51b73452]	1593
	1594	identifier_or_typedef_name:
[4d51835]	1595	identifier
	1596	\| TYPEDEFname
	1597	\| TYPEGENname
	1598	;
[51b73452]	1599
	1600	no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name:
[4d51835]	1601	no_01_identifier
	1602	\| TYPEDEFname
	1603	\| TYPEGENname
	1604	;
[51b73452]	1605
	1606	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name:
[4d51835]	1607	no_attr_identifier
	1608	\| TYPEDEFname
	1609	\| TYPEGENname
	1610	;
[b87a5ed]	1611
	1612	type_name_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
[4d51835]	1613	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1614	\| type_specifier
	1615	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	1616	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1617	;
[b87a5ed]	1618
	1619	type_name: // typeof, assertion
[4d51835]	1620	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1621	\| new_abstract_function // CFA
	1622	\| type_specifier
	1623	\| type_specifier abstract_declarator
	1624	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1625	;
[51b73452]	1626
	1627	initializer_opt:
[4d51835]	1628	// empty
	1629	{ $$ = 0; }
	1630	\| '=' initializer { $$ = $2; }
	1631	;
[51b73452]	1632
	1633	initializer:
[4d51835]	1634	assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode($1); }
	1635	\| '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode($2, true); }
	1636	;
[51b73452]	1637
	1638	initializer_list:
[4d51835]	1639	initializer
	1640	\| designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
	1641	\| initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link($3) ); }
	1642	\| initializer_list ',' designation initializer
	1643	{ $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link( $4->set_designators($3) ) ); }
	1644	;
[b87a5ed]	1645
	1646	// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is
	1647	// use of '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
[c11e31c]	1648	//
[b87a5ed]	1649	// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
[c11e31c]	1650	//
	1651	// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this
	1652	// case, CFA changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC
	1653	// does uses ":" for field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be
	1654	// supported either due to shift/reduce conflicts
[51b73452]	1655
	1656	designation:
[4d51835]	1657	designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
	1658	\| no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name ':' // GCC, field name
	1659	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
	1660	;
[51b73452]	1661
[b87a5ed]	1662	designator_list: // C99
[4d51835]	1663	designator
	1664	\| designator_list designator { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link( $2 )); }
	1665	;
[51b73452]	1666
	1667	designator:
[4d51835]	1668	'.' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name // C99, field name
	1669	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $2 ); }
	1670	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
	1671	// assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with
	1672	// tuple.
	1673	{ $$ = $3; }
	1674	\| '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
	1675	{ $$ = $3; }
	1676	\| '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
	1677	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range), $3, $5); }
	1678	\| '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	1679	{ $$ = $4; }
	1680	;
[51b73452]	1681
[c11e31c]	1682	// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type
	1683	// parameters, rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
	1684	//
	1685	// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
	1686	//
	1687	// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used
	1688	// for object and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with
	1689	// initializers provide definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide
	1690	// opaque types.
	1691	//
	1692	// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at
	1693	// the call site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
	1694	//
	1695	// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
	1696	// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble
	1697	// subclass hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare
	1698	// that a type or types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used
	1699	// to declare requirements on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
	1700
[b87a5ed]	1701	typegen_declaration_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1702	typegen_type_specifier
	1703	\| declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
	1704	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1705	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1706	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1707	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1708	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1709	;
[b87a5ed]	1710
	1711	typegen_type_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1712	TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
	1713	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
	1714	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
	1715	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $2, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1716	\| typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1717	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1718	;
[b87a5ed]	1719
	1720	type_parameter_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1721	type_parameter assignment_opt
	1722	\| type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
	1723	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1724	;
[b87a5ed]	1725
	1726	type_parameter: // CFA
[4d51835]	1727	type_class no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1728	{ typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::TD); }
	1729	assertion_list_opt
	1730	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
	1731	\| type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
	1732	;
[b87a5ed]	1733
	1734	type_class: // CFA
[4d51835]	1735	TYPE
	1736	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Type; }
	1737	\| DTYPE
	1738	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
	1739	\| FTYPE
	1740	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
	1741	;
[b87a5ed]	1742
	1743	assertion_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1744	// empty
	1745	{ $$ = 0; }
	1746	\| assertion_list_opt assertion
	1747	{ $$ = $1 == 0 ? $2 : $1->appendList( $2 ); }
	1748	;
[b87a5ed]	1749
	1750	assertion: // CFA
[4d51835]	1751	'\|' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' type_name_list ')'
	1752	{
	1753	typedefTable.openContext( *($2) );
	1754	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContextUse( $2, $4 );
	1755	}
	1756	\| '\|' '{' push context_declaration_list '}'
	1757	{ $$ = $4; }
	1758	\| '\|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push context_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
	1759	{ $$ = 0; }
	1760	;
[b87a5ed]	1761
	1762	type_name_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1763	type_name
	1764	{ $$ = new TypeValueNode( $1 ); }
	1765	\| assignment_expression
	1766	\| type_name_list ',' type_name
	1767	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link(new TypeValueNode( $3 ))); }
	1768	\| type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
	1769	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link($3)); }
	1770	;
[b87a5ed]	1771
	1772	type_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1773	TYPE type_declarator
	1774	{ $$ = $2; }
	1775	\| storage_class_list TYPE type_declarator
	1776	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1777	\| type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
	1778	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
	1779	;
[b87a5ed]	1780
	1781	type_declarator: // CFA
[4d51835]	1782	type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
	1783	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
	1784	\| type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
	1785	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
	1786	;
[b87a5ed]	1787
	1788	type_declarator_name: // CFA
[4d51835]	1789	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1790	{
	1791	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($1), TypedefTable::TD);
	1792	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
	1793	}
	1794	\| no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
	1795	{
	1796	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($1), TypedefTable::TG);
	1797	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
	1798	}
	1799	;
[b87a5ed]	1800
	1801	context_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1802	CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
	1803	{
	1804	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::ID );
	1805	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, 0 );
	1806	}
	1807	\| CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
	1808	{
	1809	typedefTable.enterContext( *($2) );
	1810	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1811	}
	1812	context_declaration_list '}'
	1813	{
	1814	typedefTable.leaveContext();
	1815	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::ID );
	1816	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, $10 );
	1817	}
	1818	;
[b87a5ed]	1819
	1820	context_declaration_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1821	context_declaration
	1822	\| context_declaration_list push context_declaration
	1823	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1824	;
[b87a5ed]	1825
	1826	context_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1827	new_context_declaring_list pop ';'
	1828	\| context_declaring_list pop ';'
	1829	;
[b87a5ed]	1830
	1831	new_context_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1832	new_variable_specifier
	1833	{
	1834	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1835	$$ = $1;
	1836	}
	1837	\| new_function_specifier
	1838	{
	1839	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1840	$$ = $1;
	1841	}
	1842	\| new_context_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name
	1843	{
	1844	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *($5), TypedefTable::ID );
	1845	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1846	}
	1847	;
[b87a5ed]	1848
	1849	context_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1850	type_specifier declarator
	1851	{
	1852	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1853	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	1854	}
	1855	\| context_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
	1856	{
	1857	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1858	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
	1859	}
	1860	;
[51b73452]	1861
[c11e31c]	1862	//*************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS ***************************
[51b73452]	1863
	1864	translation_unit:
[4d51835]	1865	// empty
	1866	{} // empty input file
	1867	\| external_definition_list
	1868	{
	1869	if ( theTree ) {
	1870	theTree->appendList( $1 );
	1871	} else {
	1872	theTree = $1;
	1873	}
	1874	}
	1875	;
[51b73452]	1876
	1877	external_definition_list:
[4d51835]	1878	external_definition
	1879	\| external_definition_list push external_definition
	1880	{ $$ = ($1 != NULL ) ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
	1881	;
[51b73452]	1882
	1883	external_definition_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1884	// empty
	1885	{ $$ = 0; }
	1886	\| external_definition_list
	1887	;
[51b73452]	1888
	1889	external_definition:
[4d51835]	1890	declaration
	1891	\| external_function_definition
	1892	\| asm_statement // GCC, global assembler statement
	1893	{}
	1894	\| EXTERN STRINGliteral
	1895	{
	1896	linkageStack.push( linkage );
	1897	linkage = LinkageSpec::fromString( *$2 );
	1898	}
	1899	'{' external_definition_list_opt '}' // C++-style linkage specifier
	1900	{
	1901	linkage = linkageStack.top();
	1902	linkageStack.pop();
	1903	$$ = $5;
	1904	}
	1905	\| EXTENSION external_definition
	1906	{ $$ = $2; }
	1907	;
	1908
	1909	external_function_definition:
	1910	function_definition
	1911
	1912	// These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant
	1913	// amount of code with functions missing a type-specifier on the return type. Parsing is possible
	1914	// because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested functions would
	1915	// preclude this concession). A function prototype declaration must still have a type_specifier.
	1916	// OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
	1917	\| function_declarator compound_statement
	1918	{
	1919	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1920	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1921	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	1922	}
	1923	\| old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1924	{
	1925	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1926	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1927	$$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
	1928	}
	1929	;
[51b73452]	1930
	1931	function_definition:
[4d51835]	1932	new_function_declaration compound_statement // CFA
	1933	{
	1934	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1935	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1936	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	1937	}
	1938	\| declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
	1939	{
	1940	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1941	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1942	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
	1943	}
	1944	\| type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1945	{
	1946	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1947	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1948	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1949	}
	1950	\| declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1951	{
	1952	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1953	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1954	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1955	}
	1956	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1957	{
	1958	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1959	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1960	$$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1961	}
	1962
	1963	// Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	1964	\| declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1965	{
	1966	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1967	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1968	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
	1969	}
	1970	\| type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1971	{
	1972	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1973	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1974	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1975	}
	1976
	1977	// Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	1978	\| declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1979	{
	1980	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1981	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1982	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1983	}
	1984	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1985	{
	1986	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1987	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1988	$$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1989	}
	1990	;
[51b73452]	1991
	1992	declarator:
[4d51835]	1993	variable_declarator
	1994	\| function_declarator
	1995	\| typedef_redeclarator
	1996	;
[51b73452]	1997
	1998	subrange:
[4d51835]	1999	constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
	2000	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range), $1, $3); }
	2001	;
[b87a5ed]	2002
	2003	asm_name_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2004	// empty
	2005	\| ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt
	2006	;
[b87a5ed]	2007
	2008	attribute_list_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2009	// empty
	2010	\| attribute_list
	2011	;
[b87a5ed]	2012
	2013	attribute_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2014	attribute
	2015	\| attribute_list attribute
	2016	;
[b87a5ed]	2017
	2018	attribute: // GCC
[4d51835]	2019	ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
	2020	;
[b87a5ed]	2021
	2022	attribute_parameter_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2023	attrib
	2024	\| attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
	2025	;
[b87a5ed]	2026
	2027	attrib: // GCC
[4d51835]	2028	// empty
	2029	\| any_word
	2030	\| any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')'
	2031	;
[b87a5ed]	2032
	2033	any_word: // GCC
[4d51835]	2034	identifier_or_typedef_name {}
	2035	\| storage_class_name {}
	2036	\| basic_type_name {}
	2037	\| type_qualifier {}
	2038	;
[51b73452]	2039
[c11e31c]	2040	// ============================================================================
	2041	// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are
	2042	// necessary because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage
	2043	// in an expression, as in:
	2044	//
[b87a5ed]	2045	// int (*f())[10] { ... };
	2046	// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
[c11e31c]	2047	//
	2048	// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some
	2049	// or all of the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a
	2050	// particular context.
	2051	// ============================================================================
	2052
	2053	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	2054	// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of
	2055	// declarators to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
	2056	//
[b87a5ed]	2057	// valid declaration invalid definition
	2058	// ----------------- ------------------
[4d51835]	2059	// int f; int f {}
	2060	// int f; int f {}
[b87a5ed]	2061	// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
[4d51835]	2062	// int (f)(int); int (f)(int) {}
[c11e31c]	2063	//
	2064	// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function
	2065	// declarators, hence variable_declarator and function_declarator.
	2066	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	2067
	2068	// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern
	2069	// precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
[51b73452]	2070
	2071	variable_declarator:
[4d51835]	2072	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
	2073	\| variable_ptr
	2074	\| variable_array attribute_list_opt
	2075	\| variable_function attribute_list_opt
	2076	;
[51b73452]	2077
	2078	paren_identifier:
[4d51835]	2079	identifier
	2080	{
	2081	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
	2082	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2083	}
	2084	\| '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2085	{ $$ = $2; }
	2086	;
[51b73452]	2087
	2088	variable_ptr:
[4d51835]	2089	'*' variable_declarator
	2090	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2091	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
	2092	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2093	\| '(' variable_ptr ')'
	2094	{ $$ = $2; }
	2095	;
[51b73452]	2096
	2097	variable_array:
[4d51835]	2098	paren_identifier array_dimension
	2099	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2100	\| '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2101	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2102	\| '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2103	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2104	\| '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2105	{ $$ = $2; }
	2106	;
[51b73452]	2107
	2108	variable_function:
[4d51835]	2109	'(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2110	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2111	\| '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2112	{ $$ = $2; }
	2113	;
[51b73452]	2114
[c11e31c]	2115	// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. Because functions cannot
	2116	// be nested, there is no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name. To allow nested
	2117	// functions requires further separation of variable and function declarators in typedef_redeclarator. The
	2118	// pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2119
	2120	function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2121	function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
	2122	\| function_ptr
	2123	\| function_array attribute_list_opt
	2124	;
[51b73452]	2125
	2126	function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2127	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2128	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2129	\| '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2130	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2131	\| '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2132	{ $$ = $2; }
	2133	;
[51b73452]	2134
	2135	function_ptr:
[4d51835]	2136	'*' function_declarator
	2137	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2138	\| '*' type_qualifier_list function_declarator
	2139	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2140	\| '(' function_ptr ')'
	2141	{ $$ = $2; }
	2142	;
[51b73452]	2143
	2144	function_array:
[4d51835]	2145	'(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2146	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2147	\| '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2148	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2149	\| '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2150	{ $$ = $2; }
	2151	;
[51b73452]	2152
[c11e31c]	2153	// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a
	2154	// typedef name (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and
	2155	// functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2156
	2157	old_function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2158	old_function_no_ptr
	2159	\| old_function_ptr
	2160	\| old_function_array
	2161	;
[51b73452]	2162
	2163	old_function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2164	paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
	2165	{ $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
	2166	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
	2167	{ $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
	2168	\| '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2169	{ $$ = $2; }
	2170	;
[51b73452]	2171
	2172	old_function_ptr:
[4d51835]	2173	'*' old_function_declarator
	2174	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2175	\| '*' type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
	2176	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2177	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')'
	2178	{ $$ = $2; }
	2179	;
[51b73452]	2180
	2181	old_function_array:
[4d51835]	2182	'(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2183	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2184	\| '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2185	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2186	\| '(' old_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2187	{ $$ = $2; }
	2188	;
[51b73452]	2189
[c11e31c]	2190	// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a typedef name, e.g.:
	2191	//
[b87a5ed]	2192	// typedef int foo;
	2193	// {
	2194	// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
	2195	// }
[c11e31c]	2196	//
	2197	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
	2198	// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2199
	2200	typedef_redeclarator:
[4d51835]	2201	paren_typedef attribute_list_opt
	2202	\| typedef_ptr
	2203	\| typedef_array attribute_list_opt
	2204	\| typedef_function attribute_list_opt
	2205	;
[51b73452]	2206
	2207	paren_typedef:
[4d51835]	2208	TYPEDEFname
	2209	{
	2210	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
	2211	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2212	}
	2213	\| '(' paren_typedef ')'
	2214	{ $$ = $2; }
	2215	;
[51b73452]	2216
	2217	typedef_ptr:
[4d51835]	2218	'*' typedef_redeclarator
	2219	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2220	\| '*' type_qualifier_list typedef_redeclarator
	2221	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2222	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')'
	2223	{ $$ = $2; }
	2224	;
[51b73452]	2225
	2226	typedef_array:
[4d51835]	2227	paren_typedef array_dimension
	2228	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2229	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2230	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2231	\| '(' typedef_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2232	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2233	\| '(' typedef_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2234	{ $$ = $2; }
	2235	;
[51b73452]	2236
	2237	typedef_function:
[4d51835]	2238	paren_typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2239	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2240	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2241	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2242	\| '(' typedef_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2243	{ $$ = $2; }
	2244	;
[51b73452]	2245
[c11e31c]	2246	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a
	2247	// typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern
	2248	// precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2249	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2250
	2251	identifier_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2252	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
	2253	\| identifier_parameter_ptr
	2254	\| identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2255	\| identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
	2256	;
[51b73452]	2257
	2258	identifier_parameter_ptr:
[4d51835]	2259	'*' identifier_parameter_declarator
	2260	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2261	\| '*' type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
	2262	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2263	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
	2264	{ $$ = $2; }
	2265	;
[51b73452]	2266
	2267	identifier_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2268	paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
	2269	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2270	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2271	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2272	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2273	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2274	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2275	{ $$ = $2; }
	2276	;
[51b73452]	2277
	2278	identifier_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2279	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2280	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2281	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2282	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2283	\| '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2284	{ $$ = $2; }
	2285	;
[b87a5ed]	2286
	2287	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a
	2288	// typedef name, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2289	//
[b87a5ed]	2290	// typedef int foo;
	2291	// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
[c11e31c]	2292	//
[b87a5ed]	2293	// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern
	2294	// handles the special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
[c11e31c]	2295	//
[b87a5ed]	2296	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
	2297	// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
	2298	// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
[c11e31c]	2299	//
	2300	// which precludes the following cases:
	2301	//
[b87a5ed]	2302	// typedef float T;
[4d51835]	2303	// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
[b87a5ed]	2304	// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
	2305	// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
	2306	// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
[c11e31c]	2307	//
[b87a5ed]	2308	// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type
	2309	// list, and not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes
	2310	// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and
	2311	// functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2312
	2313	typedef_parameter_redeclarator:
[4d51835]	2314	typedef attribute_list_opt
	2315	\| typedef_parameter_ptr
	2316	\| typedef_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2317	\| typedef_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
	2318	;
[51b73452]	2319
	2320	typedef:
[4d51835]	2321	TYPEDEFname
	2322	{
	2323	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
	2324	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2325	}
	2326	;
[51b73452]	2327
	2328	typedef_parameter_ptr:
[4d51835]	2329	'*' typedef_parameter_redeclarator
	2330	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2331	\| '*' type_qualifier_list typedef_parameter_redeclarator
	2332	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2333	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')'
	2334	{ $$ = $2; }
	2335	;
[51b73452]	2336
	2337	typedef_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2338	typedef array_parameter_dimension
	2339	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2340	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
	2341	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2342	;
[51b73452]	2343
	2344	typedef_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2345	typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2346	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2347	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2348	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2349	;
[b87a5ed]	2350
	2351	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2352	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2353	//
[b87a5ed]	2354	// sizeof( int );
	2355	// sizeof( int [10] );
[c11e31c]	2356	//
[b87a5ed]	2357	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
	2358	// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2359
	2360	abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2361	abstract_ptr
	2362	\| abstract_array attribute_list_opt
	2363	\| abstract_function attribute_list_opt
	2364	;
[51b73452]	2365
	2366	abstract_ptr:
[4d51835]	2367	'*'
	2368	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2369	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2370	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2371	\| '*' abstract_declarator
	2372	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2373	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
	2374	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2375	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')'
	2376	{ $$ = $2; }
	2377	;
[51b73452]	2378
	2379	abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2380	array_dimension
	2381	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2382	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2383	\| '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2384	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2385	\| '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2386	{ $$ = $2; }
	2387	;
[51b73452]	2388
	2389	abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2390	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2391	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
	2392	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2393	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2394	\| '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2395	{ $$ = $2; }
	2396	;
[51b73452]	2397
	2398	array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2399	// Only the first dimension can be empty.
	2400	'[' push pop ']'
	2401	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
	2402	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension
	2403	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $5 ); }
	2404	\| multi_array_dimension
	2405	;
[51b73452]	2406
	2407	multi_array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2408	'[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2409	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
	2410	\| '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2411	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
	2412	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2413	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
	2414	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2415	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
	2416	;
[51b73452]	2417
[c11e31c]	2418	// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2419	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
	2420	//
[b87a5ed]	2421	// int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2422	// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2423	//
[b87a5ed]	2424	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
	2425	// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2426
	2427	abstract_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2428	abstract_parameter_ptr
	2429	\| abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2430	\| abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
	2431	;
[51b73452]	2432
	2433	abstract_parameter_ptr:
[4d51835]	2434	'*'
	2435	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2436	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2437	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2438	\| '*' abstract_parameter_declarator
	2439	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2440	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
	2441	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2442	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
	2443	{ $$ = $2; }
	2444	;
[51b73452]	2445
	2446	abstract_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2447	array_parameter_dimension
	2448	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
	2449	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2450	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2451	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2452	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2453	{ $$ = $2; }
	2454	;
[51b73452]	2455
	2456	abstract_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2457	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2458	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
	2459	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2460	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2461	\| '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2462	{ $$ = $2; }
	2463	;
[51b73452]	2464
	2465	array_parameter_dimension:
[4d51835]	2466	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
	2467	array_parameter_1st_dimension
	2468	\| array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
	2469	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2470	\| multi_array_dimension
	2471	;
[51b73452]	2472
[c11e31c]	2473	// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
	2474	//
[b87a5ed]	2475	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall
	2476	// appear only in a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the
	2477	// outermost array type derivation."
[51b73452]	2478
	2479	array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[4d51835]	2480	'[' push pop ']'
	2481	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
	2482	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
	2483	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2484	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2485	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
	2486	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
	2487	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
	2488	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2489	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2490	\| '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
	2491	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
	2492	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
	2493	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
	2494	;
[b87a5ed]	2495
	2496	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type
	2497	// applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2498	//
[b87a5ed]	2499	// sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
[c11e31c]	2500	//
[b87a5ed]	2501	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
	2502	// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2503
	2504	variable_abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2505	variable_abstract_ptr
	2506	\| variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
	2507	\| variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
	2508	;
[51b73452]	2509
	2510	variable_abstract_ptr:
[4d51835]	2511	'*'
	2512	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2513	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2514	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2515	\| '*' variable_abstract_declarator
	2516	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2517	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
	2518	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2519	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
	2520	{ $$ = $2; }
	2521	;
[51b73452]	2522
	2523	variable_abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2524	array_dimension
	2525	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2526	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2527	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2528	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2529	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2530	{ $$ = $2; }
	2531	;
[51b73452]	2532
	2533	variable_abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2534	'(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2535	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2536	\| '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2537	{ $$ = $2; }
	2538	;
[b87a5ed]	2539
	2540	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either
	2541	// an identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
	2542
	2543	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2544	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	2545	\| new_abstract_tuple
	2546	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2547	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2548	;
[b87a5ed]	2549
	2550	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2551	new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2552	\| new_identifier_parameter_array
	2553	;
[b87a5ed]	2554
	2555	new_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
[4d51835]	2556	'*' type_specifier
	2557	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2558	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
	2559	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2560	\| '*' new_abstract_function
	2561	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2562	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
	2563	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2564	\| '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
	2565	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2566	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
	2567	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2568	;
[b87a5ed]	2569
	2570	new_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
[4d51835]	2571	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due
	2572	// to shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
	2573	'[' push pop ']' type_specifier
	2574	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2575	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
	2576	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2577	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2578	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2579	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2580	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2581	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2582	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2583	\| '[' push pop ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2584	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2585	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2586	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2587	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2588	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2589	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2590	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2591	\| multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2592	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2593	;
[51b73452]	2594
	2595	new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[4d51835]	2596	'[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2597	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2598	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2599	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2600	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2601	// declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
	2602	// assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
	2603	// appear in this context.
	2604	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
	2605	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2606	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
	2607	;
[b87a5ed]	2608
	2609	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is
	2610	// no identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2611	//
[b87a5ed]	2612	// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2613	// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2614	//
	2615	// These rules need LR(3):
	2616	//
[b87a5ed]	2617	// new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name
	2618	// '[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_typedef_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[c11e31c]	2619	//
	2620	// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
	2621	//
[b87a5ed]	2622	// [int, int] t;
	2623	// [int, int] f( int );
[c11e31c]	2624	//
	2625	// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_typedef_name to know when to reduce
[b87a5ed]	2626	// new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the
	2627	// necessary lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and
	2628	// tuple declarations are duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier.
	2629
	2630	new_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2631	new_abstract_tuple
	2632	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2633	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2634	\| new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
	2635	;
[b87a5ed]	2636
	2637	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2638	new_abstract_ptr
	2639	\| new_abstract_array
	2640	;
[b87a5ed]	2641
	2642	new_abstract_ptr: // CFA
[4d51835]	2643	'*' type_specifier
	2644	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2645	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
	2646	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2647	\| '*' new_abstract_function
	2648	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2649	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
	2650	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2651	\| '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	2652	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2653	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	2654	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2655	;
[b87a5ed]	2656
	2657	new_abstract_array: // CFA
[4d51835]	2658	// Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce
	2659	// conflict with empty (void) function return type.
	2660	'[' push pop ']' type_specifier
	2661	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2662	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2663	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2664	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2665	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2666	\| '[' push pop ']' new_abstract_ptr
	2667	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2668	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2669	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2670	\| multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2671	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2672	;
[b87a5ed]	2673
	2674	new_abstract_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2675	'[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
	2676	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	2677	;
[b87a5ed]	2678
	2679	new_abstract_function: // CFA
[4d51835]	2680	'[' push pop ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
	2681	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0 ); }
	2682	\| new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2683	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
	2684	\| new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2685	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
	2686	;
[b87a5ed]	2687
	2688	// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration
	2689	// specifiers in each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and
	2690	// type name."
[c11e31c]	2691	//
[b87a5ed]	2692	// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the
	2693	// beginning of the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
[c11e31c]	2694	//
	2695	// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
	2696	// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
	2697	//
[b87a5ed]	2698	// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter
	2699	// identifier and declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an
	2700	// obsolescent feature.
[51b73452]	2701
[c11e31c]	2702	//*********************** MISCELLANEOUS ******************************
[51b73452]	2703
[b87a5ed]	2704	comma_opt: // redundant comma
[4d51835]	2705	// empty
	2706	\| ','
	2707	;
[51b73452]	2708
	2709	assignment_opt:
[4d51835]	2710	// empty
	2711	{ $$ = 0; }
	2712	\| '=' assignment_expression
	2713	{ $$ = $2; }
	2714	;
[51b73452]	2715
	2716	%%
[c11e31c]	2717	// ----end of grammar----
[51b73452]	2718
[5f2f2d7]	2719	void yyerror( const char * ) {
	2720	std::cout << "Error ";
[b87a5ed]	2721	if ( yyfilename ) {
[5f2f2d7]	2722	std::cout << "in file " << yyfilename << " ";
	2723	} // if
	2724	std::cout << "at line " << yylineno << " reading token \"" << *(yylval.tok.str) << "\"" << std::endl;
[51b73452]	2725	}
	2726
[c11e31c]	2727	// Local Variables: //
[b87a5ed]	2728	// tab-width: 4 //
	2729	// mode: c++ //
[c11e31c]	2730	// compile-command: "make install" //
	2731	// End: //

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

Original Format