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Last change on this file since 68cd1ce was 68cd1ce, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 10 years ago
unify and fix storage class
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 98.8 KB

Rev	Line
[b87a5ed]	1	//
	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
	6	//
[c11e31c]	7	// cfa.y --
	8	//
	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
	10	// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[68cd1ce]	12	// Last Modified On : Sat Jun 13 07:21:45 2015
	13	// Update Count : 1048
[c11e31c]	14	//
	15
[b87a5ed]	16	// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on
	17	// the C grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While
	18	// parts have been copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to
	19	// constitute a new grammar. In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it
	20	// parses less incorrect language syntax that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless,
	21	// there are still several semantic checks required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is
	22	// extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
[c11e31c]	23
[b87a5ed]	24	// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got
	25	// stuck with the grammar.
[c11e31c]	26
	27	// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
	28	//
	29	// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
	30	//
[b87a5ed]	31	// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This
	32	// grammar also has two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
[c11e31c]	33	//
	34	// 1. nested functions
	35	// 2. generalized lvalues
	36	// 3. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
	37	// 4. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
	38	//
[b87a5ed]	39	// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for
	40	// Cforall (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language
	41	// concepts. All of the syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above,
	42	// there is one unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is
	43	// discussed in detail before the "designation" grammar rule.
[51b73452]	44
	45	%{
[b87a5ed]	46	#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
	47	#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
[8a95629]	48	extern char *yytext;
[51b73452]	49
	50	#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
	51
	52	#include <cstdio>
	53	#include <stack>
	54	#include "TypedefTable.h"
	55	#include "lex.h"
	56	#include "ParseNode.h"
	57	#include "LinkageSpec.h"
	58
[b87a5ed]	59	DeclarationNode *theTree = 0; // the resulting parse tree
[51b73452]	60	LinkageSpec::Type linkage = LinkageSpec::Cforall;
	61	std::stack< LinkageSpec::Type > linkageStack;
	62	TypedefTable typedefTable;
	63	%}
	64
[c11e31c]	65	//*********************** TERMINAL TOKENS ******************************
[51b73452]	66
[c11e31c]	67	// keywords
[51b73452]	68	%token TYPEDEF
	69	%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
[b87a5ed]	70	%token INLINE // C99
	71	%token FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
[51b73452]	72	%token CONST VOLATILE
[b87a5ed]	73	%token RESTRICT // C99
	74	%token FORALL LVALUE // CFA
[51b73452]	75	%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
[b87a5ed]	76	%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
	77	%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
[51b73452]	78	%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
[b87a5ed]	79	%token TYPE FTYPE DTYPE CONTEXT // CFA
[51b73452]	80	%token SIZEOF
[b87a5ed]	81	%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
[51b73452]	82	%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
[b87a5ed]	83	%token CHOOSE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH FINALLY THROW // CFA
	84	%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
[c11e31c]	85	%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF ATOMIC GENERIC NORETURN STATICASSERT THREADLOCAL // C11
[51b73452]	86
[c11e31c]	87	// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
[b87a5ed]	88	%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
	89	%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
	90	%token<tok> INTEGERconstant FLOATINGconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
	91	%token<tok> ZERO ONE // CFA
[51b73452]	92
[c11e31c]	93	// multi-character operators
[b87a5ed]	94	%token ARROW // ->
	95	%token ICR DECR // ++ --
	96	%token LS RS // << >>
	97	%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
	98	%token ANDAND OROR // && \|\|
	99	%token ELLIPSIS // ...
	100
	101	%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // *= /= %=/
	102	%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
	103	%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
	104	%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= \|=
[51b73452]	105
[c11e31c]	106	// Types declaration
[51b73452]	107	%union
	108	{
[b87a5ed]	109	Token tok;
	110	ParseNode *pn;
	111	ExpressionNode *en;
	112	DeclarationNode *decl;
[68cd1ce]	113	DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
[b87a5ed]	114	DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
	115	StatementNode *sn;
	116	ConstantNode *constant;
	117	InitializerNode *in;
[51b73452]	118	}
	119
	120	%type<tok> zero_one identifier no_attr_identifier no_01_identifier
	121	%type<tok> identifier_or_typedef_name no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name
	122	%type<constant> string_literal_list
	123
[c11e31c]	124	// expressions
[51b73452]	125	%type<constant> constant
[b87a5ed]	126	%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
	127	%type<en> unary_operator assignment_operator
	128	%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
	129	%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
	130	%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
	131	%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
	132	%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
	133	%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
	134	%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression for_control_expression assignment_opt
[51b73452]	135	%type<en> subrange
	136
[c11e31c]	137	// statements
[b87a5ed]	138	%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
	139	%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
	140	%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
	141	%type<sn> statement statement_list
	142	%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
[51b73452]	143	%type<sn> case_clause
[b87a5ed]	144	%type<en> case_value case_value_list
	145	%type<sn> case_label case_label_list
	146	%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
	147	%type<pn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
[51b73452]	148
[c11e31c]	149	// declarations
[51b73452]	150	%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
	151	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
	152	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
	153
	154	%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
	155	%type<decl> aggregate_name
	156
	157	%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
	158
	159	%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
	160
	161	%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
	162
	163	%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
	164
	165	%type<decl> context_declaration context_declaration_list context_declaring_list context_specifier
	166
	167	%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
	168	%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
	169
	170	%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
	171
	172	%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
	173	%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
	174
	175	%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
	176
	177	%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
	178	%type<en> field field_list
	179
[4d51835]	180	%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
[51b73452]	181
	182	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
	183	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
	184
	185	%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	186	%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
	187	%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
	188
	189	%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
	190
	191	%type<decl> new_context_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
	192	%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
	193
	194	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	195	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	196
	197	%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
	198
	199	%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
	200
	201	%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
	202	%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
	203
	204	%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
	205	%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
	206
	207	%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_typedef
	208
	209	%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_name storage_class_list
	210
	211	%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
	212
	213	%type<tclass> type_class
	214	%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
	215
	216	%type<decl> typedef typedef_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
	217	%type<decl> typedef_function typedef_parameter_array typedef_parameter_function typedef_parameter_ptr
	218	%type<decl> typedef_parameter_redeclarator typedef_ptr typedef_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
	219	%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier
	220
	221	%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
	222	%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
	223
	224	%type<en> type_name_list
	225
	226	%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
	227
	228	%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
	229	%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
	230
[c11e31c]	231	// initializers
[51b73452]	232	%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
	233
[c11e31c]	234	// designators
[51b73452]	235	%type<en> designator designator_list designation
	236
	237
[b87a5ed]	238	// Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
	239	// is ambiguous:
	240	// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[c11e31c]	241	// if ( C ) S1 else S2
[b87a5ed]	242	// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
[51b73452]	243
[c11e31c]	244	%nonassoc THEN // rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
	245	%nonassoc ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement
[51b73452]	246
[b87a5ed]	247	%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
[51b73452]	248
	249	%%
[c11e31c]	250	//*********************** Namespace Management ******************************
	251
[b87a5ed]	252	// The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal
	253	// symbols "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a
	254	// purely context-free grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic
	255	// constructs. Hence, this grammar uses the ANSI style.
[c11e31c]	256	//
[b87a5ed]	257	// Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance,
	258	// those introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parametrized types.
	259	// This latter type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
[c11e31c]	260	//
[b87a5ed]	261	// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context
	262	// information, it accesses a data structure (the TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that
	263	// it has just read. Semantic actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of
	264	// identifiers change.
[c11e31c]	265	//
[b87a5ed]	266	// Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its
	267	// class in a local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can
	268	// be local to a particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing
	269	// between type names that are local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of
	270	// the declaration (i.e., names defined in "typedef" or "type" declarations).
[c11e31c]	271	//
[b87a5ed]	272	// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and
	273	// closing of scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do
	274	// not always occur within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly
	275	// necessary from a semantic point of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing
	276	// conflicts -- the parser may not have enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new
	277	// scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the
	278	// grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve
	279	// conflicts of this sort.
[51b73452]	280
	281	push:
[4d51835]	282	{
	283	typedefTable.enterScope();
	284	}
	285	;
[51b73452]	286
	287	pop:
[4d51835]	288	{
	289	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	290	}
	291	;
[51b73452]	292
[c11e31c]	293	//*********************** CONSTANTS ******************************
[51b73452]	294
	295	constant:
[4d51835]	296	// ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type
	297	// "enumeration constant".
[59db689]	298	INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Integer, $1 ); }
	299	\| FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Float, $1 ); }
	300	\| CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::Character, $1 ); }
[4d51835]	301	;
[51b73452]	302
	303	identifier:
[4d51835]	304	IDENTIFIER
	305	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	306	\| zero_one // CFA
	307	;
[51b73452]	308
	309	no_01_identifier:
[4d51835]	310	IDENTIFIER
	311	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	312	;
[51b73452]	313
	314	no_attr_identifier:
[4d51835]	315	IDENTIFIER
	316	;
[51b73452]	317
[b87a5ed]	318	zero_one: // CFA
[4d51835]	319	ZERO
	320	\| ONE
	321	;
[51b73452]	322
[b87a5ed]	323	string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
[59db689]	324	STRINGliteral { $$ = new ConstantNode( ConstantNode::String, $1 ); }
	325	\| string_literal_list STRINGliteral { $$ = $1->appendstr( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	326	;
[51b73452]	327
[c11e31c]	328	//*********************** EXPRESSIONS ******************************
[51b73452]	329
	330	primary_expression:
[4d51835]	331	IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
	332	{ $$ = new VarRefNode($1); }
	333	\| zero_one
	334	{ $$ = new VarRefNode($1); }
	335	\| constant
	336	{ $$ = $1; }
	337	\| string_literal_list
	338	{ $$ = $1; }
	339	\| '(' comma_expression ')'
	340	{ $$ = $2; }
	341	\| '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
	342	{ $$ = new ValofExprNode($2); }
	343	;
[51b73452]	344
	345	postfix_expression:
[4d51835]	346	primary_expression
	347	\| postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	348	// CFA, comma_expression disallowed in the context because it results in a commom user error:
	349	// subscripting a matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards
	350	// compatible, there seems to be little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is
	351	// possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is equivalent to the old x[i,j].
	352	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Index), $1, $4); }
	353	\| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
	354	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode($1, $3); }
	355	\| postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
	356	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), $1, new VarRefNode($3)); }
	357	\| postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	358	\| postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
	359	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), $1, new VarRefNode($3)); }
	360	\| postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	361	\| postfix_expression ICR
	362	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::IncrPost), $1); }
	363	\| postfix_expression DECR
	364	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::DecrPost), $1); }
	365	// GCC has priority: cast_expression
	366	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // C99
	367	{ $$ = 0; }
	368	;
[51b73452]	369
	370	argument_expression_list:
[4d51835]	371	argument_expression
	372	\| argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
	373	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link($3)); }
	374	;
[51b73452]	375
	376	argument_expression:
[4d51835]	377	// empty
	378	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
	379	\| assignment_expression
	380	\| no_attr_identifier ':' assignment_expression
	381	{ $$ = $3->set_asArgName($1); }
	382	// Only a list of no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name is allowed in this context. However, there is
	383	// insufficient look ahead to distinguish between this list of parameter names and a tuple, so the
	384	// tuple form must be used with an appropriate semantic check.
	385	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
	386	{ $$ = $7->set_asArgName($3); }
	387	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']' ':' assignment_expression
	388	{ $$ = $9->set_asArgName( new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 )))); }
	389	;
[b87a5ed]	390
	391	field_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	392	field
	393	\| field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
	394	;
[b87a5ed]	395
	396	field: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	397	no_attr_identifier
	398	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
	399	\| no_attr_identifier '.' field
	400	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3); }
	401	\| no_attr_identifier '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
	402	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::FieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5); }
	403	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW field
	404	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $3); }
	405	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
	406	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PFieldSel), new VarRefNode( $1 ), $5); }
	407	;
[51b73452]	408
	409	unary_expression:
[4d51835]	410	postfix_expression
	411	\| ICR unary_expression
	412	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Incr), $2); }
	413	\| DECR unary_expression
	414	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Decr), $2); }
	415	\| EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
	416	{ $$ = $2; }
	417	\| unary_operator cast_expression
	418	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode($1, $2); }
	419	\| '!' cast_expression
	420	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Neg), $2); }
	421	\| '*' cast_expression // CFA
	422	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PointTo), $2); }
	423	// '*' is is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
	424	// { * X; } // dereference X
	425	// { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
	426	// '&' must be moved here if C++ reference variables are supported.
	427	\| SIZEOF unary_expression
	428	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::SizeOf), $2); }
	429	\| SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
	430	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::SizeOf), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
	431	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER
	432	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1)); }
	433	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
	434	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
	435	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
	436	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Attr), new VarRefNode($1), $3); }
	437	\| ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
	438	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AlignOf), $2); }
	439	\| ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
	440	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AlignOf), new TypeValueNode($3)); }
	441	\| ANDAND no_attr_identifier // GCC, address of label
	442	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LabelAddress), new VarRefNode($2, true)); }
	443	;
[51b73452]	444
	445	unary_operator:
[4d51835]	446	'&' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AddressOf); }
	447	\| '+' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::UnPlus); }
	448	\| '-' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::UnMinus); }
	449	\| '~' { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitNeg); }
	450	;
[51b73452]	451
	452	cast_expression:
[4d51835]	453	unary_expression
	454	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
	455	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cast), new TypeValueNode($2), $4); }
	456	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
	457	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cast), new TypeValueNode($2), $4); }
	458	;
[51b73452]	459
	460	multiplicative_expression:
[4d51835]	461	cast_expression
	462	\| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
	463	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Mul),$1,$3); }
	464	\| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
	465	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Div),$1,$3); }
	466	\| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
	467	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Mod),$1,$3); }
	468	;
[51b73452]	469
	470	additive_expression:
[4d51835]	471	multiplicative_expression
	472	\| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
	473	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Plus),$1,$3); }
	474	\| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
	475	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Minus),$1,$3); }
	476	;
[51b73452]	477
	478	shift_expression:
[4d51835]	479	additive_expression
	480	\| shift_expression LS additive_expression
	481	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LShift),$1,$3); }
	482	\| shift_expression RS additive_expression
	483	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::RShift),$1,$3); }
	484	;
[51b73452]	485
	486	relational_expression:
[4d51835]	487	shift_expression
	488	\| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
	489	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LThan),$1,$3); }
	490	\| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
	491	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::GThan),$1,$3); }
	492	\| relational_expression LE shift_expression
	493	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LEThan),$1,$3); }
	494	\| relational_expression GE shift_expression
	495	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::GEThan),$1,$3); }
	496	;
[51b73452]	497
	498	equality_expression:
[4d51835]	499	relational_expression
	500	\| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
	501	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Eq), $1, $3); }
	502	\| equality_expression NE relational_expression
	503	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Neq), $1, $3); }
	504	;
[51b73452]	505
	506	AND_expression:
[4d51835]	507	equality_expression
	508	\| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
	509	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitAnd), $1, $3); }
	510	;
[51b73452]	511
	512	exclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	513	AND_expression
	514	\| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
	515	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Xor), $1, $3); }
	516	;
[51b73452]	517
	518	inclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	519	exclusive_OR_expression
	520	\| inclusive_OR_expression '\|' exclusive_OR_expression
	521	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::BitOr), $1, $3); }
	522	;
[51b73452]	523
	524	logical_AND_expression:
[4d51835]	525	inclusive_OR_expression
	526	\| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
	527	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::And), $1, $3); }
	528	;
[51b73452]	529
	530	logical_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	531	logical_AND_expression
	532	\| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
	533	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Or), $1, $3); }
	534	;
[51b73452]	535
	536	conditional_expression:
[4d51835]	537	logical_OR_expression
	538	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
[59db689]	539	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cond), (ExpressionNode )mkList( ($1, $3, $5) ) ); }
[4d51835]	540	\| logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
	541	{ $$=new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::NCond),$1,$4); }
	542	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple // CFA, tuple expression
[59db689]	543	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Cond), (ExpressionNode )mkList( ($1, $3, $5) ) ); }
[4d51835]	544	;
[51b73452]	545
	546	constant_expression:
[4d51835]	547	conditional_expression
	548	;
[51b73452]	549
	550	assignment_expression:
[4d51835]	551	// CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
	552	conditional_expression
	553	\| unary_expression '=' assignment_expression
	554	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Assign), $1, $3); }
	555	\| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
	556	{ $$ =new CompositeExprNode($2, $1, $3); }
	557	\| tuple assignment_opt // CFA, tuple expression
	558	{ $$ = ($2 == 0) ? $1 : new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::Assign ), $1, $2 ); }
	559	;
[51b73452]	560
	561	assignment_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	562	// empty
	563	{ $$ = new NullExprNode; }
	564	\| assignment_expression
	565	;
[b87a5ed]	566
	567	tuple: // CFA, tuple
[4d51835]	568	// CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce
	569	// conflict with comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and new_abstract_array
	570	'[' push pop ']'
	571	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ) ); }
	572	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	573	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), $3 ); }
	574	\| '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
	575	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(new NullExprNode)->set_link( $4 ) ); }
	576	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
	577	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode( new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_link( flattenCommas( $5 ) ) ); }
	578	;
[51b73452]	579
	580	tuple_expression_list:
[4d51835]	581	assignment_expression_opt
	582	\| tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
	583	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_link( $3 ); }
	584	;
[51b73452]	585
	586	assignment_operator:
[4d51835]	587	MULTassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::MulAssn); }
	588	\| DIVassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::DivAssn); }
	589	\| MODassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::ModAssn); }
	590	\| PLUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::PlusAssn); }
	591	\| MINUSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::MinusAssn); }
	592	\| LSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::LSAssn); }
	593	\| RSassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::RSAssn); }
	594	\| ANDassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::AndAssn); }
	595	\| ERassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::ERAssn); }
	596	\| ORassign { $$ = new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::OrAssn); }
	597	;
[51b73452]	598
	599	comma_expression:
[4d51835]	600	assignment_expression
	601	\| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression // { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->add_to_list($3); }
	602	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Comma),$1,$3); }
	603	;
[51b73452]	604
	605	comma_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	606	// empty
	607	{ $$ = 0; }
	608	\| comma_expression
	609	;
[51b73452]	610
[c11e31c]	611	//************************* STATEMENTS *****************************
[51b73452]	612
	613	statement:
[4d51835]	614	labeled_statement
	615	\| compound_statement
	616	\| expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
	617	\| selection_statement
	618	\| iteration_statement
	619	\| jump_statement
	620	\| exception_statement
	621	\| asm_statement
	622	;
[51b73452]	623
	624	labeled_statement:
[4d51835]	625	no_attr_identifier ':' attribute_list_opt statement
	626	{ $$ = $4->add_label($1);}
	627	;
[51b73452]	628
	629	compound_statement:
[4d51835]	630	'{' '}'
	631	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( (StatementNode *)0 ); }
	632	\| '{'
	633	// Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within the
	634	// block also requires its own scope
	635	push push
	636	label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
	637	block_item_list pop '}' // C99, intermix declarations and statements
	638	{ $$ = new CompoundStmtNode( $5 ); }
	639	;
[b87a5ed]	640
	641	block_item_list: // C99
[4d51835]	642	block_item
	643	\| block_item_list push block_item
	644	{ if ($1 != 0) { $1->set_link($3); $$ = $1; } }
	645	;
[51b73452]	646
	647	block_item:
[4d51835]	648	declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
	649	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
	650	\| EXTENSION declaration // GCC
	651	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $2 ); }
	652	\| function_definition
	653	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
	654	\| statement pop
	655	;
[51b73452]	656
	657	statement_list:
[4d51835]	658	statement
	659	\| statement_list statement
	660	{ if ($1 != 0) { $1->set_link($2); $$ = $1; } }
	661	;
[51b73452]	662
	663	expression_statement:
[4d51835]	664	comma_expression_opt ';'
	665	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Exp, $1, 0); }
	666	;
[51b73452]	667
	668	selection_statement:
[4d51835]	669	IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
	670	// explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
	671	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::If, $3, $5); }
	672	\| IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
	673	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::If, $3, (StatementNode )mkList(($5, *$7)) ); }
	674	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
	675	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Switch, $3, $5); }
	676	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
	677	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Switch, $3, $8); /* xxx */ }
	678	// The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include any associated initialization, which is
	679	// performed before the transfer to the appropriate case clause. Statements after the initial
	680	// declaration list can never be executed, and therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C
	681	// allows it.
	682	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
	683	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Choose, $3, $5); }
	684	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
	685	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Choose, $3, $8); }
	686	;
[b87a5ed]	687
	688	// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a
	689	// case clause allows a list of values and subranges.
	690
	691	case_value: // CFA
[4d51835]	692	constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
	693	\| constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
	694	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range),$1,$3); }
	695	\| subrange // CFA, subrange
	696	;
[b87a5ed]	697
	698	case_value_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	699	case_value
	700	\| case_value_list ',' case_value
	701	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode( OperatorNode::TupleC ), (ExpressionNode *)(tupleContents($1))->set_link($3) ); }
	702	;
[b87a5ed]	703
	704	case_label: // CFA
[4d51835]	705	CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Case, $2, 0); }
	706	\| DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Default); }
	707	// A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
	708	;
[b87a5ed]	709
	710	case_label_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	711	case_label
	712	\| case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2)); }
	713	;
[b87a5ed]	714
	715	case_clause: // CFA
[4d51835]	716	case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
	717	;
[b87a5ed]	718
	719	switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	720	// empty
	721	{ $$ = 0; }
	722	\| switch_clause_list
	723	;
[b87a5ed]	724
	725	switch_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	726	case_label_list statement_list
	727	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
	728	\| switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
	729	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2->append_last_case($3))); }
	730	;
[b87a5ed]	731
	732	choose_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	733	// empty
	734	{ $$ = 0; }
	735	\| choose_clause_list
	736	;
[b87a5ed]	737
	738	choose_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	739	case_label_list fall_through
	740	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case($2); }
	741	\| case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
	742	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($2,*$3))); }
	743	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
	744	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_link($2->append_last_case($3))); }
	745	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
	746	{ $$ = (StatementNode )($1->set_link($2->append_last_case((StatementNode )mkList(($3,$4))))); }
	747	;
[b87a5ed]	748
	749	fall_through_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	750	// empty
	751	{ $$ = 0; }
	752	\| fall_through
	753	;
[b87a5ed]	754
	755	fall_through: // CFA
[4d51835]	756	FALLTHRU { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0); }
	757	\| FALLTHRU ';' { $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Fallthru, 0, 0); }
	758	;
[51b73452]	759
	760	iteration_statement:
[4d51835]	761	WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
	762	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::While, $3, $5); }
	763	\| DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
	764	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Do, $5, $2); }
	765	\| FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
	766	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::For, $4, $6); }
	767	;
[51b73452]	768
	769	for_control_expression:
[4d51835]	770	comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
	771	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode($1, $4, $6); }
	772	\| declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99
	773	{ $$ = new ForCtlExprNode($1, $2, $4); }
	774	;
[51b73452]	775
	776	jump_statement:
[4d51835]	777	GOTO no_attr_identifier ';'
	778	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Goto, $2); }
	779	\| GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
	780	// The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto *i+3; =>
	781	// goto (i+3); whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (i)+3;
	782	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Goto, $3); }
	783	\| CONTINUE ';'
	784	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration
	785	// statement.
	786	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Continue, 0, 0); }
	787	\| CONTINUE no_attr_identifier ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
	788	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration
	789	// statement, and the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
	790	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Continue, $2); }
	791	\| BREAK ';'
	792	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration
	793	// statement.
	794	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Break, 0, 0); }
	795	\| BREAK no_attr_identifier ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
	796	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration
	797	// statement, and the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
	798	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Break, $2 ); }
	799	\| RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
	800	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Return, $2, 0); }
	801	\| THROW assignment_expression ';'
	802	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Throw, $2, 0); }
	803	\| THROW ';'
	804	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Throw, 0, 0); }
	805	;
[51b73452]	806
	807	exception_statement:
[4d51835]	808	TRY compound_statement handler_list
	809	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3)))); }
	810	\| TRY compound_statement finally_clause
	811	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3)))); }
	812	\| TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
	813	{
	814	$3->set_link($4);
	815	$$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Try, 0,(StatementNode )(mkList(($2,*$3))));
	816	}
	817	;
[51b73452]	818
	819	handler_list:
[4d51835]	820	// There must be at least one catch clause
	821	handler_clause
	822	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for its try
	823	// block.
	824	\| CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
	825	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $5, true ); }
	826	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
	827	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt( 0, $6, true ) ); }
	828	;
[51b73452]	829
	830	handler_clause:
[4d51835]	831	CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
	832	{ $$ = StatementNode::newCatchStmt($5, $8); }
	833	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
	834	{ $$ = $1->set_link( StatementNode::newCatchStmt($6, $9) ); }
	835	;
[51b73452]	836
	837	finally_clause:
[4d51835]	838	FINALLY compound_statement
	839	{
	840	$$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Finally, 0, $2);
	841	std::cout << "Just created a finally node" << std::endl;
	842	}
	843	;
[51b73452]	844
	845	exception_declaration:
[4d51835]	846	// A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
	847	//
	848	// catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
	849	//
	850	// This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types.
	851	type_specifier
	852	\| type_specifier declarator
	853	{
	854	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	855	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	856	}
	857	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	858	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	859	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
	860	{
	861	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	862	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	863	}
	864	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	865	;
[51b73452]	866
	867	asm_statement:
[4d51835]	868	ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ')' ';'
	869	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
	870	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
	871	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
	872	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
	873	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
	874	\| ASM type_qualifier_list_opt '(' constant_expression ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list ')' ';'
	875	{ $$ = new StatementNode(StatementNode::Asm, 0, 0); }
	876	;
[b87a5ed]	877
	878	asm_operands_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	879	// empty
	880	\| asm_operands_list
	881	;
[b87a5ed]	882
	883	asm_operands_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	884	asm_operand
	885	\| asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
	886	;
[b87a5ed]	887
	888	asm_operand: // GCC
[68cd1ce]	889	STRINGliteral '(' constant_expression ')' {}
[4d51835]	890	;
[b87a5ed]	891
	892	asm_clobbers_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	893	STRINGliteral {}
	894	\| asm_clobbers_list ',' STRINGliteral
	895	;
[51b73452]	896
[c11e31c]	897	//***************************** DECLARATIONS *******************************
[51b73452]	898
[b87a5ed]	899	declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
[4d51835]	900	pop
	901	{ $$ = 0; }
	902	\| declaration_list
	903	;
[51b73452]	904
	905	declaration_list:
[4d51835]	906	declaration
	907	\| declaration_list push declaration
	908	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	909	;
[51b73452]	910
[b87a5ed]	911	old_declaration_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
[4d51835]	912	pop
	913	{ $$ = 0; }
	914	\| old_declaration_list
	915	;
[51b73452]	916
	917	old_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	918	old_declaration
	919	\| old_declaration_list push old_declaration
	920	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	921	;
[b87a5ed]	922
	923	label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	924	// empty
	925	\| label_declaration_list
	926	;
[b87a5ed]	927
	928	label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	929	LABEL label_list ';'
	930	\| label_declaration_list LABEL label_list ';'
	931	;
[b87a5ed]	932
	933	label_list: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	934	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name {}
	935	\| label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name {}
	936	;
[b87a5ed]	937
	938	declaration: // CFA, new & old style declarations
[4d51835]	939	new_declaration
	940	\| old_declaration
	941	;
[b87a5ed]	942
	943	// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and
	944	// function declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places
	945	// declaration modifiers to the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of
	946	// the base type. CFA declaration modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type
	947	// specification is distributed across all variables in the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the
	948	// new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program block, but cannot be mixed within a specific
	949	// declaration.
[c11e31c]	950	//
[b87a5ed]	951	// CFA C
	952	// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
	953	// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
	954
	955	new_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	956	new_variable_declaration pop ';'
	957	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
	958	\| new_function_declaration pop ';'
	959	\| type_declaring_list pop ';'
	960	\| context_specifier pop ';'
	961	;
[b87a5ed]	962
	963	new_variable_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	964	new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
	965	{
	966	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	967	$$ = $1;
	968	}
	969	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
	970	// declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to
	971	// preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
	972	{
	973	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	974	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	975	}
	976	\| new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name initializer_opt
	977	{
	978	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	979	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	980	}
	981	;
[b87a5ed]	982
	983	new_variable_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	984	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or
	985	// explicit static storage-class
	986	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
	987	{
	988	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	989	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	990	}
	991	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
	992	{
	993	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	994	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	995	}
	996	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name asm_name_opt
	997	{
	998	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
	999	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
	1000	}
	1001	;
[b87a5ed]	1002
	1003	new_function_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1004	new_function_specifier
	1005	{
	1006	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1007	$$ = $1;
	1008	}
	1009	\| type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1010	{
	1011	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1012	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1013	}
	1014	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1015	{
	1016	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1017	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1018	}
	1019	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1020	{
	1021	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1022	$$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 );
	1023	}
	1024	\| new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name
	1025	{
	1026	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	1027	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1028	}
	1029	;
[b87a5ed]	1030
	1031	new_function_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1032	'[' push pop ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1033	{
	1034	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($5) );
	1035	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1036	}
	1037	\| '[' push pop ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1038	{
	1039	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($5) );
	1040	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1041	}
	1042	// identifier_or_typedef_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
	1043	//
	1044	// '[' ']' identifier_or_typedef_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
	1045	// '[' ']' type_specifier
	1046	//
	1047	// type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g. typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this
	1048	// must be flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce
	1049	// identifier_or_typedef_name.
	1050	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1051	// To obtain LR(1), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see
	1052	// new_abstract_declarator).
	1053	{
	1054	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1055	}
	1056	\| new_function_return identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1057	{
	1058	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1059	}
	1060	;
[b87a5ed]	1061
	1062	new_function_return: // CFA
[4d51835]	1063	'[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
	1064	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	1065	\| '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
	1066	// To obtain LR(1), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to
	1067	// lookahead to the ']'.
	1068	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
	1069	;
[b87a5ed]	1070
	1071	new_typedef_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1072	TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
	1073	{
	1074	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1075	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1076	}
	1077	\| TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
	1078	{
	1079	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1080	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1081	}
	1082	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
	1083	{
	1084	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD);
	1085	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1086	}
	1087	;
[b87a5ed]	1088
	1089	// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is
	1090	// factored out as a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and
	1091	// initialization.
[51b73452]	1092
	1093	typedef_declaration:
[4d51835]	1094	TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
	1095	{
	1096	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1097	$$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
	1098	}
	1099	\| typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
	1100	{
	1101	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1102	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
	1103	}
	1104	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1105	{
	1106	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1107	$$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1108	}
	1109	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
	1110	{
	1111	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1112	$$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1113	}
	1114	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
	1115	{
	1116	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD);
	1117	$$ = $4->addQualifiers($1)->addTypedef()->addType($1);
	1118	}
	1119	;
[b87a5ed]	1120
	1121	typedef_expression: // GCC, naming expression type
[4d51835]	1122	TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1123	{
	1124	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::TD);
	1125	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1126	}
	1127	\| typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1128	{
	1129	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($5), TypedefTable::TD);
	1130	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1131	}
	1132	;
[51b73452]	1133
	1134	old_declaration:
[4d51835]	1135	declaring_list pop ';'
	1136	\| typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1137	\| typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
	1138	\| sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
	1139	;
[51b73452]	1140
	1141	declaring_list:
[4d51835]	1142	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or
	1143	// explicit static storage-class
	1144	declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1145	{
	1146	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1147	$$ = ($2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer($4);
	1148	}
	1149	\| declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1150	{
	1151	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1152	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer($6) ) );
	1153	}
	1154	;
[b87a5ed]	1155
	1156	declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
[4d51835]	1157	basic_declaration_specifier
	1158	\| sue_declaration_specifier
	1159	\| typedef_declaration_specifier
	1160	\| typegen_declaration_specifier
	1161	;
[b87a5ed]	1162
	1163	type_specifier: // declaration specifier - storage class
[4d51835]	1164	basic_type_specifier
	1165	\| sue_type_specifier
	1166	\| typedef_type_specifier
	1167	\| typegen_type_specifier
	1168	;
[b87a5ed]	1169
	1170	type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
[4d51835]	1171	// empty
	1172	{ $$ = 0; }
	1173	\| type_qualifier_list
	1174	;
[51b73452]	1175
	1176	type_qualifier_list:
[4d51835]	1177	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of
	1178	// declaration.
	1179	//
	1180	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
	1181	// specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as
	1182	// if it appeared only once.
	1183	type_qualifier
	1184	\| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
	1185	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1186	;
[51b73452]	1187
	1188	type_qualifier:
[4d51835]	1189	type_qualifier_name
	1190	\| attribute
	1191	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
	1192	;
[51b73452]	1193
	1194	type_qualifier_name:
[4d51835]	1195	CONST
	1196	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
	1197	\| RESTRICT
	1198	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
	1199	\| VOLATILE
	1200	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
	1201	\| LVALUE // CFA
	1202	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
	1203	\| ATOMIC
	1204	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Atomic ); }
	1205	\| FORALL '('
	1206	{
	1207	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1208	}
	1209	type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
	1210	{
	1211	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1212	$$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
	1213	}
	1214	;
[51b73452]	1215
	1216	declaration_qualifier_list:
[4d51835]	1217	storage_class_list
	1218	\| type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1219	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1220	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
	1221	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1222	;
[51b73452]	1223
	1224	storage_class_list:
[4d51835]	1225	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration
	1226	// and that only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
	1227	//
	1228	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the
	1229	// declaration specifiers in a declaration.
	1230	storage_class
	1231	\| storage_class_list storage_class
	1232	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1233	;
[51b73452]	1234
	1235	storage_class:
[4d51835]	1236	storage_class_name
	1237	;
[51b73452]	1238
	1239	storage_class_name:
[4d51835]	1240	EXTERN
	1241	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
	1242	\| STATIC
	1243	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
	1244	\| AUTO
	1245	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
	1246	\| REGISTER
	1247	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
	1248	\| INLINE // C99
	1249	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
	1250	\| FORTRAN // C99
	1251	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
[68cd1ce]	1252	\| NORETURN // C11
	1253	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Noreturn ); }
	1254	\| THREADLOCAL // C11
	1255	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Threadlocal ); }
[4d51835]	1256	;
[51b73452]	1257
	1258	basic_type_name:
[4d51835]	1259	CHAR
	1260	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
	1261	\| DOUBLE
	1262	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
	1263	\| FLOAT
	1264	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
	1265	\| INT
	1266	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
	1267	\| LONG
	1268	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
	1269	\| SHORT
	1270	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
	1271	\| SIGNED
	1272	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
	1273	\| UNSIGNED
	1274	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
	1275	\| VOID
	1276	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
	1277	\| BOOL // C99
	1278	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
	1279	\| COMPLEX // C99
	1280	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
	1281	\| IMAGINARY // C99
	1282	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
	1283	;
[51b73452]	1284
	1285	basic_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1286	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
	1287	basic_type_specifier
	1288	\| declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
	1289	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1290	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1291	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1292	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1293	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1294	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
	1295	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
	1296	;
[51b73452]	1297
	1298	basic_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1299	direct_type_name
	1300	\| type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
	1301	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1302	;
[51b73452]	1303
	1304	direct_type_name:
[4d51835]	1305	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers.
	1306	basic_type_name
	1307	\| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
	1308	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1309	\| direct_type_name type_qualifier
	1310	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1311	\| direct_type_name basic_type_name
	1312	{ $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
	1313	;
[51b73452]	1314
	1315	indirect_type_name:
[4d51835]	1316	TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
	1317	{ $$ = $3; }
	1318	\| TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
	1319	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
	1320	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
	1321	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1322	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
	1323	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1324	;
[51b73452]	1325
	1326	sue_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1327	sue_type_specifier
	1328	\| declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
	1329	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1330	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1331	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1332	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1333	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1334	;
[51b73452]	1335
	1336	sue_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1337	elaborated_type_name // struct, union, enum
	1338	\| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
	1339	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1340	\| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1341	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1342	;
[51b73452]	1343
	1344	typedef_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1345	typedef_type_specifier
	1346	\| declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
	1347	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1348	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1349	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1350	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1351	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1352	;
[b87a5ed]	1353
	1354	typedef_type_specifier: // typedef types
[4d51835]	1355	TYPEDEFname
	1356	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
	1357	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
	1358	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1359	\| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1360	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1361	;
[51b73452]	1362
	1363	elaborated_type_name:
[4d51835]	1364	aggregate_name
	1365	\| enum_name
	1366	;
[51b73452]	1367
	1368	aggregate_name:
[4d51835]	1369	aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
	1370	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, 0, 0, $3 ); }
	1371	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1372	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, 0 ); }
	1373	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}'
	1374	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, $4 ); }
	1375	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1376	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $4, 0, $8 ); }
	1377	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name // CFA
	1378	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, $4, 0, 0 ); }
	1379	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1380	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, $4, 0, $9 ); }
	1381	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1382	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $4, $8, $11 ); }
	1383	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_name_list pop ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name // CFA
	1384	// push and pop are only to prevent S/R conflicts
	1385	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $7, 0, $4, 0 ); }
	1386	\| aggregate_key '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '(' type_name_list ')' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
	1387	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $10, $4, $8, $12 ); }
	1388	;
[51b73452]	1389
	1390	aggregate_key:
[4d51835]	1391	STRUCT attribute_list_opt
	1392	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
	1393	\| UNION attribute_list_opt
	1394	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
	1395	;
[51b73452]	1396
	1397	field_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1398	field_declaration
	1399	{ $$ = $1; }
	1400	\| field_declaration_list field_declaration
	1401	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $2 ); }
	1402	;
[51b73452]	1403
	1404	field_declaration:
[4d51835]	1405	new_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
	1406	\| EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
	1407	{ $$ = $2; }
	1408	\| field_declaring_list ';'
	1409	\| EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
	1410	{ $$ = $2; }
	1411	;
[b87a5ed]	1412
	1413	new_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
[4d51835]	1414	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA, no field name
	1415	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1416	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
	1417	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1418	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
	1419	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' // CFA, no field name
	1420	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
	1421	;
[51b73452]	1422
	1423	field_declaring_list:
[4d51835]	1424	type_specifier field_declarator
	1425	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1426	\| field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
	1427	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
	1428	;
[51b73452]	1429
	1430	field_declarator:
[4d51835]	1431	// empty
	1432	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ } // CFA, no field name
	1433	\| bit_subrange_size // no field name
	1434	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
	1435	\| variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
	1436	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1437	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
	1438	\| typedef_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
	1439	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1440	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
	1441	\| variable_abstract_declarator // CFA, no field name
	1442	;
[51b73452]	1443
	1444	bit_subrange_size_opt:
[4d51835]	1445	// empty
	1446	{ $$ = 0; }
	1447	\| bit_subrange_size
	1448	{ $$ = $1; }
	1449	;
[51b73452]	1450
	1451	bit_subrange_size:
[4d51835]	1452	':' constant_expression
	1453	{ $$ = $2; }
	1454	;
[51b73452]	1455
	1456	enum_key:
[4d51835]	1457	ENUM attribute_list_opt
	1458	;
[51b73452]	1459
	1460	enum_name:
[4d51835]	1461	enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1462	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( 0, $3 ); }
	1463	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1464	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $4 ); }
	1465	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1466	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 ); }
	1467	;
[51b73452]	1468
	1469	enumerator_list:
[4d51835]	1470	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name enumerator_value_opt
	1471	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
	1472	\| enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name enumerator_value_opt
	1473	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
	1474	;
[51b73452]	1475
	1476	enumerator_value_opt:
[4d51835]	1477	// empty
	1478	{ $$ = 0; }
	1479	\| '=' constant_expression
	1480	{ $$ = $2; }
	1481	;
[51b73452]	1482
[c11e31c]	1483	// Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end.
[51b73452]	1484
[b87a5ed]	1485	new_parameter_type_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1486	// empty
	1487	{ $$ = 0; }
	1488	\| new_parameter_type_list
	1489	;
[b87a5ed]	1490
	1491	new_parameter_type_list: // CFA, abstract + real
[4d51835]	1492	new_abstract_parameter_list
	1493	\| new_parameter_list
	1494	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
	1495	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1496	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1497	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1498	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1499	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1500	;
[b87a5ed]	1501
	1502	new_parameter_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1503	// To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last
	1504	// new_abstract_parameter_list is factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get
	1505	// lookahead to the ']'.
	1506	new_parameter_declaration
	1507	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1508	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1509	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1510	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1511	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1512	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
	1513	;
[b87a5ed]	1514
	1515	new_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
[4d51835]	1516	new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1517	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1518	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1519	;
[51b73452]	1520
	1521	parameter_type_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1522	// empty
	1523	{ $$ = 0; }
	1524	\| parameter_type_list
	1525	;
[51b73452]	1526
	1527	parameter_type_list:
[4d51835]	1528	parameter_list
	1529	\| parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1530	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1531	;
[b87a5ed]	1532
	1533	parameter_list: // abstract + real
[4d51835]	1534	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1535	\| parameter_declaration
	1536	\| parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
	1537	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1538	\| parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
	1539	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1540	;
[51b73452]	1541
[c11e31c]	1542	// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different
	1543	// semantics for typedef name by using typedef_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and
	1544	// function prototypes.
[51b73452]	1545
[b87a5ed]	1546	new_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1547	parameter_declaration
	1548	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
	1549	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
	1550	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
	1551	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1552	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
	1553	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name assignment_opt
	1554	{ $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1555	\| new_function_specifier
	1556	;
[b87a5ed]	1557
	1558	new_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1559	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1560	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	1561	\| new_abstract_tuple
	1562	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1563	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	1564	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1565	\| new_abstract_function
	1566	;
[51b73452]	1567
	1568	parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1569	declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
	1570	{
	1571	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1572	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode($3) );
	1573	}
	1574	\| declaration_specifier typedef_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
	1575	{
	1576	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1577	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode($3) );
	1578	}
	1579	;
[51b73452]	1580
	1581	abstract_parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1582	declaration_specifier
	1583	\| declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
	1584	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1585	;
[51b73452]	1586
[c11e31c]	1587	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
	1588	// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is
	1589	// based only on identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
[51b73452]	1590
[b87a5ed]	1591	identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
[4d51835]	1592	no_attr_identifier
	1593	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
	1594	\| identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
	1595	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
	1596	;
[51b73452]	1597
	1598	identifier_or_typedef_name:
[4d51835]	1599	identifier
	1600	\| TYPEDEFname
	1601	\| TYPEGENname
	1602	;
[51b73452]	1603
	1604	no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name:
[4d51835]	1605	no_01_identifier
	1606	\| TYPEDEFname
	1607	\| TYPEGENname
	1608	;
[51b73452]	1609
	1610	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name:
[4d51835]	1611	no_attr_identifier
	1612	\| TYPEDEFname
	1613	\| TYPEGENname
	1614	;
[b87a5ed]	1615
	1616	type_name_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
[4d51835]	1617	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1618	\| type_specifier
	1619	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	1620	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1621	;
[b87a5ed]	1622
	1623	type_name: // typeof, assertion
[4d51835]	1624	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1625	\| new_abstract_function // CFA
	1626	\| type_specifier
	1627	\| type_specifier abstract_declarator
	1628	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1629	;
[51b73452]	1630
	1631	initializer_opt:
[4d51835]	1632	// empty
	1633	{ $$ = 0; }
	1634	\| '=' initializer { $$ = $2; }
	1635	;
[51b73452]	1636
	1637	initializer:
[4d51835]	1638	assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode($1); }
	1639	\| '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode($2, true); }
	1640	;
[51b73452]	1641
	1642	initializer_list:
[4d51835]	1643	initializer
	1644	\| designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
	1645	\| initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link($3) ); }
	1646	\| initializer_list ',' designation initializer
	1647	{ $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_link( $4->set_designators($3) ) ); }
	1648	;
[b87a5ed]	1649
	1650	// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is
	1651	// use of '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
[c11e31c]	1652	//
[b87a5ed]	1653	// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
[c11e31c]	1654	//
	1655	// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this
	1656	// case, CFA changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC
	1657	// does uses ":" for field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be
	1658	// supported either due to shift/reduce conflicts
[51b73452]	1659
	1660	designation:
[4d51835]	1661	designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
	1662	\| no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name ':' // GCC, field name
	1663	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $1 ); }
	1664	;
[51b73452]	1665
[b87a5ed]	1666	designator_list: // C99
[4d51835]	1667	designator
	1668	\| designator_list designator { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link( $2 )); }
	1669	;
[51b73452]	1670
	1671	designator:
[4d51835]	1672	'.' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name // C99, field name
	1673	{ $$ = new VarRefNode( $2 ); }
	1674	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
	1675	// assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with
	1676	// tuple.
	1677	{ $$ = $3; }
	1678	\| '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
	1679	{ $$ = $3; }
	1680	\| '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
	1681	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range), $3, $5); }
	1682	\| '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	1683	{ $$ = $4; }
	1684	;
[51b73452]	1685
[c11e31c]	1686	// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type
	1687	// parameters, rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
	1688	//
	1689	// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
	1690	//
	1691	// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used
	1692	// for object and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with
	1693	// initializers provide definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide
	1694	// opaque types.
	1695	//
	1696	// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at
	1697	// the call site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
	1698	//
	1699	// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
	1700	// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble
	1701	// subclass hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare
	1702	// that a type or types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used
	1703	// to declare requirements on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
	1704
[b87a5ed]	1705	typegen_declaration_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1706	typegen_type_specifier
	1707	\| declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
	1708	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1709	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1710	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1711	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1712	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1713	;
[b87a5ed]	1714
	1715	typegen_type_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1716	TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
	1717	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
	1718	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
	1719	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $2, $4 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1720	\| typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1721	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1722	;
[b87a5ed]	1723
	1724	type_parameter_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1725	type_parameter assignment_opt
	1726	\| type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
	1727	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1728	;
[b87a5ed]	1729
	1730	type_parameter: // CFA
[4d51835]	1731	type_class no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1732	{ typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::TD); }
	1733	assertion_list_opt
	1734	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
	1735	\| type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
	1736	;
[b87a5ed]	1737
	1738	type_class: // CFA
[4d51835]	1739	TYPE
	1740	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Type; }
	1741	\| DTYPE
	1742	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
	1743	\| FTYPE
	1744	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
	1745	;
[b87a5ed]	1746
	1747	assertion_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1748	// empty
	1749	{ $$ = 0; }
	1750	\| assertion_list_opt assertion
	1751	{ $$ = $1 == 0 ? $2 : $1->appendList( $2 ); }
	1752	;
[b87a5ed]	1753
	1754	assertion: // CFA
[4d51835]	1755	'\|' no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' type_name_list ')'
	1756	{
	1757	typedefTable.openContext( *($2) );
	1758	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContextUse( $2, $4 );
	1759	}
	1760	\| '\|' '{' push context_declaration_list '}'
	1761	{ $$ = $4; }
	1762	\| '\|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push context_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
	1763	{ $$ = 0; }
	1764	;
[b87a5ed]	1765
	1766	type_name_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1767	type_name
	1768	{ $$ = new TypeValueNode( $1 ); }
	1769	\| assignment_expression
	1770	\| type_name_list ',' type_name
	1771	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link(new TypeValueNode( $3 ))); }
	1772	\| type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
	1773	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)($1->set_link($3)); }
	1774	;
[b87a5ed]	1775
	1776	type_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1777	TYPE type_declarator
	1778	{ $$ = $2; }
	1779	\| storage_class_list TYPE type_declarator
	1780	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1781	\| type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
	1782	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
	1783	;
[b87a5ed]	1784
	1785	type_declarator: // CFA
[4d51835]	1786	type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
	1787	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
	1788	\| type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
	1789	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
	1790	;
[b87a5ed]	1791
	1792	type_declarator_name: // CFA
[4d51835]	1793	no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name
	1794	{
	1795	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($1), TypedefTable::TD);
	1796	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
	1797	}
	1798	\| no_01_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
	1799	{
	1800	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($1), TypedefTable::TG);
	1801	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
	1802	}
	1803	;
[b87a5ed]	1804
	1805	context_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1806	CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
	1807	{
	1808	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::ID );
	1809	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, 0 );
	1810	}
	1811	\| CONTEXT no_attr_identifier_or_typedef_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
	1812	{
	1813	typedefTable.enterContext( *($2) );
	1814	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1815	}
	1816	context_declaration_list '}'
	1817	{
	1818	typedefTable.leaveContext();
	1819	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope(*($2), TypedefTable::ID );
	1820	$$ = DeclarationNode::newContext( $2, $5, $10 );
	1821	}
	1822	;
[b87a5ed]	1823
	1824	context_declaration_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1825	context_declaration
	1826	\| context_declaration_list push context_declaration
	1827	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1828	;
[b87a5ed]	1829
	1830	context_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1831	new_context_declaring_list pop ';'
	1832	\| context_declaring_list pop ';'
	1833	;
[b87a5ed]	1834
	1835	new_context_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1836	new_variable_specifier
	1837	{
	1838	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1839	$$ = $1;
	1840	}
	1841	\| new_function_specifier
	1842	{
	1843	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1844	$$ = $1;
	1845	}
	1846	\| new_context_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_typedef_name
	1847	{
	1848	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *($5), TypedefTable::ID );
	1849	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1850	}
	1851	;
[b87a5ed]	1852
	1853	context_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1854	type_specifier declarator
	1855	{
	1856	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1857	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	1858	}
	1859	\| context_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
	1860	{
	1861	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1862	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
	1863	}
	1864	;
[51b73452]	1865
[c11e31c]	1866	//*************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS ***************************
[51b73452]	1867
	1868	translation_unit:
[4d51835]	1869	// empty
	1870	{} // empty input file
	1871	\| external_definition_list
	1872	{
	1873	if ( theTree ) {
	1874	theTree->appendList( $1 );
	1875	} else {
	1876	theTree = $1;
	1877	}
	1878	}
	1879	;
[51b73452]	1880
	1881	external_definition_list:
[4d51835]	1882	external_definition
	1883	\| external_definition_list push external_definition
	1884	{ $$ = ($1 != NULL ) ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
	1885	;
[51b73452]	1886
	1887	external_definition_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1888	// empty
	1889	{ $$ = 0; }
	1890	\| external_definition_list
	1891	;
[51b73452]	1892
	1893	external_definition:
[4d51835]	1894	declaration
	1895	\| external_function_definition
	1896	\| asm_statement // GCC, global assembler statement
	1897	{}
	1898	\| EXTERN STRINGliteral
	1899	{
	1900	linkageStack.push( linkage );
	1901	linkage = LinkageSpec::fromString( *$2 );
	1902	}
	1903	'{' external_definition_list_opt '}' // C++-style linkage specifier
	1904	{
	1905	linkage = linkageStack.top();
	1906	linkageStack.pop();
	1907	$$ = $5;
	1908	}
	1909	\| EXTENSION external_definition
	1910	{ $$ = $2; }
	1911	;
	1912
	1913	external_function_definition:
	1914	function_definition
	1915
	1916	// These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant
	1917	// amount of code with functions missing a type-specifier on the return type. Parsing is possible
	1918	// because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested functions would
	1919	// preclude this concession). A function prototype declaration must still have a type_specifier.
	1920	// OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
	1921	\| function_declarator compound_statement
	1922	{
	1923	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1924	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1925	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	1926	}
	1927	\| old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1928	{
	1929	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1930	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1931	$$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
	1932	}
	1933	;
[51b73452]	1934
	1935	function_definition:
[4d51835]	1936	new_function_declaration compound_statement // CFA
	1937	{
	1938	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1939	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1940	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	1941	}
	1942	\| declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
	1943	{
	1944	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1945	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1946	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
	1947	}
	1948	\| type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1949	{
	1950	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1951	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1952	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1953	}
	1954	\| declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1955	{
	1956	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1957	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1958	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1959	}
	1960	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	1961	{
	1962	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1963	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1964	$$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1965	}
	1966
	1967	// Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	1968	\| declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1969	{
	1970	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1971	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1972	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
	1973	}
	1974	\| type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1975	{
	1976	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1977	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1978	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1979	}
	1980
	1981	// Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	1982	\| declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1983	{
	1984	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1985	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1986	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1987	}
	1988	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	1989	{
	1990	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1991	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1992	$$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1993	}
	1994	;
[51b73452]	1995
	1996	declarator:
[4d51835]	1997	variable_declarator
	1998	\| function_declarator
	1999	\| typedef_redeclarator
	2000	;
[51b73452]	2001
	2002	subrange:
[4d51835]	2003	constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
	2004	{ $$ = new CompositeExprNode(new OperatorNode(OperatorNode::Range), $1, $3); }
	2005	;
[b87a5ed]	2006
	2007	asm_name_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2008	// empty
	2009	\| ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt
	2010	;
[b87a5ed]	2011
	2012	attribute_list_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2013	// empty
	2014	\| attribute_list
	2015	;
[b87a5ed]	2016
	2017	attribute_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2018	attribute
	2019	\| attribute_list attribute
	2020	;
[b87a5ed]	2021
	2022	attribute: // GCC
[4d51835]	2023	ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
	2024	;
[b87a5ed]	2025
	2026	attribute_parameter_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2027	attrib
	2028	\| attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
	2029	;
[b87a5ed]	2030
	2031	attrib: // GCC
[4d51835]	2032	// empty
	2033	\| any_word
	2034	\| any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')'
	2035	;
[b87a5ed]	2036
	2037	any_word: // GCC
[4d51835]	2038	identifier_or_typedef_name {}
	2039	\| storage_class_name {}
	2040	\| basic_type_name {}
	2041	\| type_qualifier {}
	2042	;
[51b73452]	2043
[c11e31c]	2044	// ============================================================================
	2045	// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are
	2046	// necessary because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage
	2047	// in an expression, as in:
	2048	//
[b87a5ed]	2049	// int (*f())[10] { ... };
	2050	// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
[c11e31c]	2051	//
	2052	// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some
	2053	// or all of the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a
	2054	// particular context.
	2055	// ============================================================================
	2056
	2057	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	2058	// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of
	2059	// declarators to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
	2060	//
[b87a5ed]	2061	// valid declaration invalid definition
	2062	// ----------------- ------------------
[4d51835]	2063	// int f; int f {}
	2064	// int f; int f {}
[b87a5ed]	2065	// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
[4d51835]	2066	// int (f)(int); int (f)(int) {}
[c11e31c]	2067	//
	2068	// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function
	2069	// declarators, hence variable_declarator and function_declarator.
	2070	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	2071
	2072	// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern
	2073	// precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
[51b73452]	2074
	2075	variable_declarator:
[4d51835]	2076	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
	2077	\| variable_ptr
	2078	\| variable_array attribute_list_opt
	2079	\| variable_function attribute_list_opt
	2080	;
[51b73452]	2081
	2082	paren_identifier:
[4d51835]	2083	identifier
	2084	{
	2085	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
	2086	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2087	}
	2088	\| '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2089	{ $$ = $2; }
	2090	;
[51b73452]	2091
	2092	variable_ptr:
[4d51835]	2093	'*' variable_declarator
	2094	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2095	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
	2096	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2097	\| '(' variable_ptr ')'
	2098	{ $$ = $2; }
	2099	;
[51b73452]	2100
	2101	variable_array:
[4d51835]	2102	paren_identifier array_dimension
	2103	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2104	\| '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2105	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2106	\| '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2107	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2108	\| '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2109	{ $$ = $2; }
	2110	;
[51b73452]	2111
	2112	variable_function:
[4d51835]	2113	'(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2114	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2115	\| '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2116	{ $$ = $2; }
	2117	;
[51b73452]	2118
[c11e31c]	2119	// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. Because functions cannot
	2120	// be nested, there is no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name. To allow nested
	2121	// functions requires further separation of variable and function declarators in typedef_redeclarator. The
	2122	// pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2123
	2124	function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2125	function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
	2126	\| function_ptr
	2127	\| function_array attribute_list_opt
	2128	;
[51b73452]	2129
	2130	function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2131	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2132	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2133	\| '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2134	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2135	\| '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2136	{ $$ = $2; }
	2137	;
[51b73452]	2138
	2139	function_ptr:
[4d51835]	2140	'*' function_declarator
	2141	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2142	\| '*' type_qualifier_list function_declarator
	2143	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2144	\| '(' function_ptr ')'
	2145	{ $$ = $2; }
	2146	;
[51b73452]	2147
	2148	function_array:
[4d51835]	2149	'(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2150	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2151	\| '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2152	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2153	\| '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2154	{ $$ = $2; }
	2155	;
[51b73452]	2156
[c11e31c]	2157	// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a
	2158	// typedef name (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and
	2159	// functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2160
	2161	old_function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2162	old_function_no_ptr
	2163	\| old_function_ptr
	2164	\| old_function_array
	2165	;
[51b73452]	2166
	2167	old_function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2168	paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
	2169	{ $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
	2170	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
	2171	{ $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
	2172	\| '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2173	{ $$ = $2; }
	2174	;
[51b73452]	2175
	2176	old_function_ptr:
[4d51835]	2177	'*' old_function_declarator
	2178	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2179	\| '*' type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
	2180	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2181	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')'
	2182	{ $$ = $2; }
	2183	;
[51b73452]	2184
	2185	old_function_array:
[4d51835]	2186	'(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2187	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2188	\| '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2189	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2190	\| '(' old_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2191	{ $$ = $2; }
	2192	;
[51b73452]	2193
[c11e31c]	2194	// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a typedef name, e.g.:
	2195	//
[b87a5ed]	2196	// typedef int foo;
	2197	// {
	2198	// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
	2199	// }
[c11e31c]	2200	//
	2201	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
	2202	// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2203
	2204	typedef_redeclarator:
[4d51835]	2205	paren_typedef attribute_list_opt
	2206	\| typedef_ptr
	2207	\| typedef_array attribute_list_opt
	2208	\| typedef_function attribute_list_opt
	2209	;
[51b73452]	2210
	2211	paren_typedef:
[4d51835]	2212	TYPEDEFname
	2213	{
	2214	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
	2215	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2216	}
	2217	\| '(' paren_typedef ')'
	2218	{ $$ = $2; }
	2219	;
[51b73452]	2220
	2221	typedef_ptr:
[4d51835]	2222	'*' typedef_redeclarator
	2223	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2224	\| '*' type_qualifier_list typedef_redeclarator
	2225	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2226	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')'
	2227	{ $$ = $2; }
	2228	;
[51b73452]	2229
	2230	typedef_array:
[4d51835]	2231	paren_typedef array_dimension
	2232	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2233	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2234	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2235	\| '(' typedef_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2236	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2237	\| '(' typedef_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2238	{ $$ = $2; }
	2239	;
[51b73452]	2240
	2241	typedef_function:
[4d51835]	2242	paren_typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2243	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2244	\| '(' typedef_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2245	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2246	\| '(' typedef_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2247	{ $$ = $2; }
	2248	;
[51b73452]	2249
[c11e31c]	2250	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a
	2251	// typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern
	2252	// precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2253	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2254
	2255	identifier_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2256	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
	2257	\| identifier_parameter_ptr
	2258	\| identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2259	\| identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
	2260	;
[51b73452]	2261
	2262	identifier_parameter_ptr:
[4d51835]	2263	'*' identifier_parameter_declarator
	2264	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2265	\| '*' type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
	2266	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2267	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
	2268	{ $$ = $2; }
	2269	;
[51b73452]	2270
	2271	identifier_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2272	paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
	2273	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2274	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2275	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2276	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2277	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2278	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2279	{ $$ = $2; }
	2280	;
[51b73452]	2281
	2282	identifier_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2283	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2284	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2285	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2286	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2287	\| '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2288	{ $$ = $2; }
	2289	;
[b87a5ed]	2290
	2291	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a
	2292	// typedef name, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2293	//
[b87a5ed]	2294	// typedef int foo;
	2295	// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
[c11e31c]	2296	//
[b87a5ed]	2297	// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern
	2298	// handles the special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
[c11e31c]	2299	//
[b87a5ed]	2300	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
	2301	// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
	2302	// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
[c11e31c]	2303	//
	2304	// which precludes the following cases:
	2305	//
[b87a5ed]	2306	// typedef float T;
[4d51835]	2307	// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
[b87a5ed]	2308	// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
	2309	// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
	2310	// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
[c11e31c]	2311	//
[b87a5ed]	2312	// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type
	2313	// list, and not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes
	2314	// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and
	2315	// functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2316
	2317	typedef_parameter_redeclarator:
[4d51835]	2318	typedef attribute_list_opt
	2319	\| typedef_parameter_ptr
	2320	\| typedef_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2321	\| typedef_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
	2322	;
[51b73452]	2323
	2324	typedef:
[4d51835]	2325	TYPEDEFname
	2326	{
	2327	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *($1) );
	2328	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2329	}
	2330	;
[51b73452]	2331
	2332	typedef_parameter_ptr:
[4d51835]	2333	'*' typedef_parameter_redeclarator
	2334	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2335	\| '*' type_qualifier_list typedef_parameter_redeclarator
	2336	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2337	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')'
	2338	{ $$ = $2; }
	2339	;
[51b73452]	2340
	2341	typedef_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2342	typedef array_parameter_dimension
	2343	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2344	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
	2345	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2346	;
[51b73452]	2347
	2348	typedef_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2349	typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2350	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2351	\| '(' typedef_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2352	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2353	;
[b87a5ed]	2354
	2355	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2356	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2357	//
[b87a5ed]	2358	// sizeof( int );
	2359	// sizeof( int [10] );
[c11e31c]	2360	//
[b87a5ed]	2361	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
	2362	// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2363
	2364	abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2365	abstract_ptr
	2366	\| abstract_array attribute_list_opt
	2367	\| abstract_function attribute_list_opt
	2368	;
[51b73452]	2369
	2370	abstract_ptr:
[4d51835]	2371	'*'
	2372	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2373	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2374	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2375	\| '*' abstract_declarator
	2376	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2377	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
	2378	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2379	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')'
	2380	{ $$ = $2; }
	2381	;
[51b73452]	2382
	2383	abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2384	array_dimension
	2385	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2386	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2387	\| '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2388	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2389	\| '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2390	{ $$ = $2; }
	2391	;
[51b73452]	2392
	2393	abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2394	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2395	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
	2396	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2397	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2398	\| '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2399	{ $$ = $2; }
	2400	;
[51b73452]	2401
	2402	array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2403	// Only the first dimension can be empty.
	2404	'[' push pop ']'
	2405	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
	2406	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension
	2407	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $5 ); }
	2408	\| multi_array_dimension
	2409	;
[51b73452]	2410
	2411	multi_array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2412	'[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2413	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
	2414	\| '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2415	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
	2416	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2417	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
	2418	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2419	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
	2420	;
[51b73452]	2421
[c11e31c]	2422	// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2423	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
	2424	//
[b87a5ed]	2425	// int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2426	// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2427	//
[b87a5ed]	2428	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
	2429	// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2430
	2431	abstract_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2432	abstract_parameter_ptr
	2433	\| abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
	2434	\| abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
	2435	;
[51b73452]	2436
	2437	abstract_parameter_ptr:
[4d51835]	2438	'*'
	2439	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2440	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2441	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2442	\| '*' abstract_parameter_declarator
	2443	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2444	\| '*' type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
	2445	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2446	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
	2447	{ $$ = $2; }
	2448	;
[51b73452]	2449
	2450	abstract_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2451	array_parameter_dimension
	2452	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
	2453	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2454	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2455	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2456	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2457	{ $$ = $2; }
	2458	;
[51b73452]	2459
	2460	abstract_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2461	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2462	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
	2463	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2464	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2465	\| '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2466	{ $$ = $2; }
	2467	;
[51b73452]	2468
	2469	array_parameter_dimension:
[4d51835]	2470	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
	2471	array_parameter_1st_dimension
	2472	\| array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
	2473	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2474	\| multi_array_dimension
	2475	;
[51b73452]	2476
[c11e31c]	2477	// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
	2478	//
[b87a5ed]	2479	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall
	2480	// appear only in a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the
	2481	// outermost array type derivation."
[51b73452]	2482
	2483	array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[4d51835]	2484	'[' push pop ']'
	2485	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
	2486	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
	2487	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2488	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2489	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
	2490	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
	2491	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
	2492	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2493	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2494	\| '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
	2495	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
	2496	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
	2497	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
	2498	;
[b87a5ed]	2499
	2500	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type
	2501	// applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2502	//
[b87a5ed]	2503	// sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
[c11e31c]	2504	//
[b87a5ed]	2505	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and
	2506	// returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2507
	2508	variable_abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2509	variable_abstract_ptr
	2510	\| variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
	2511	\| variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
	2512	;
[51b73452]	2513
	2514	variable_abstract_ptr:
[4d51835]	2515	'*'
	2516	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
	2517	\| '*' type_qualifier_list
	2518	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
	2519	\| '*' variable_abstract_declarator
	2520	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2521	\| '*' type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
	2522	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2523	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
	2524	{ $$ = $2; }
	2525	;
[51b73452]	2526
	2527	variable_abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2528	array_dimension
	2529	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2530	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2531	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2532	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2533	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2534	{ $$ = $2; }
	2535	;
[51b73452]	2536
	2537	variable_abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2538	'(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2539	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2540	\| '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2541	{ $$ = $2; }
	2542	;
[b87a5ed]	2543
	2544	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either
	2545	// an identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
	2546
	2547	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2548	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	2549	\| new_abstract_tuple
	2550	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2551	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2552	;
[b87a5ed]	2553
	2554	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2555	new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2556	\| new_identifier_parameter_array
	2557	;
[b87a5ed]	2558
	2559	new_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
[4d51835]	2560	'*' type_specifier
	2561	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2562	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
	2563	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2564	\| '*' new_abstract_function
	2565	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2566	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
	2567	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2568	\| '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
	2569	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2570	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
	2571	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2572	;
[b87a5ed]	2573
	2574	new_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
[4d51835]	2575	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due
	2576	// to shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
	2577	'[' push pop ']' type_specifier
	2578	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2579	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
	2580	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2581	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2582	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2583	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2584	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2585	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2586	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2587	\| '[' push pop ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2588	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2589	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2590	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2591	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2592	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2593	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2594	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2595	\| multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2596	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2597	;
[51b73452]	2598
	2599	new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[4d51835]	2600	'[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2601	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2602	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2603	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2604	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2605	// declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
	2606	// assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
	2607	// appear in this context.
	2608	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
	2609	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2610	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
	2611	;
[b87a5ed]	2612
	2613	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is
	2614	// no identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2615	//
[b87a5ed]	2616	// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2617	// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2618	//
	2619	// These rules need LR(3):
	2620	//
[b87a5ed]	2621	// new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_typedef_name
	2622	// '[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_typedef_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[c11e31c]	2623	//
	2624	// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
	2625	//
[b87a5ed]	2626	// [int, int] t;
	2627	// [int, int] f( int );
[c11e31c]	2628	//
	2629	// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_typedef_name to know when to reduce
[b87a5ed]	2630	// new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the
	2631	// necessary lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and
	2632	// tuple declarations are duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier.
	2633
	2634	new_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2635	new_abstract_tuple
	2636	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2637	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2638	\| new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
	2639	;
[b87a5ed]	2640
	2641	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2642	new_abstract_ptr
	2643	\| new_abstract_array
	2644	;
[b87a5ed]	2645
	2646	new_abstract_ptr: // CFA
[4d51835]	2647	'*' type_specifier
	2648	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2649	\| type_qualifier_list '*' type_specifier
	2650	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2651	\| '*' new_abstract_function
	2652	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2653	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_function
	2654	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2655	\| '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	2656	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
	2657	\| type_qualifier_list '*' new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	2658	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2659	;
[b87a5ed]	2660
	2661	new_abstract_array: // CFA
[4d51835]	2662	// Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce
	2663	// conflict with empty (void) function return type.
	2664	'[' push pop ']' type_specifier
	2665	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2666	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2667	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2668	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2669	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2670	\| '[' push pop ']' new_abstract_ptr
	2671	{ $$ = $5->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2672	\| '[' push pop ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2673	{ $$ = $6->addNewArray( $5 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2674	\| multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2675	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2676	;
[b87a5ed]	2677
	2678	new_abstract_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2679	'[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
	2680	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	2681	;
[b87a5ed]	2682
	2683	new_abstract_function: // CFA
[4d51835]	2684	'[' push pop ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
	2685	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0 ); }
	2686	\| new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2687	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
	2688	\| new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2689	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
	2690	;
[b87a5ed]	2691
	2692	// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration
	2693	// specifiers in each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and
	2694	// type name."
[c11e31c]	2695	//
[b87a5ed]	2696	// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the
	2697	// beginning of the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
[c11e31c]	2698	//
	2699	// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
	2700	// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
	2701	//
[b87a5ed]	2702	// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter
	2703	// identifier and declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an
	2704	// obsolescent feature.
[51b73452]	2705
[c11e31c]	2706	//*********************** MISCELLANEOUS ******************************
[51b73452]	2707
[b87a5ed]	2708	comma_opt: // redundant comma
[4d51835]	2709	// empty
	2710	\| ','
	2711	;
[51b73452]	2712
	2713	assignment_opt:
[4d51835]	2714	// empty
	2715	{ $$ = 0; }
	2716	\| '=' assignment_expression
	2717	{ $$ = $2; }
	2718	;
[51b73452]	2719
	2720	%%
[c11e31c]	2721	// ----end of grammar----
[51b73452]	2722
[5f2f2d7]	2723	void yyerror( const char * ) {
	2724	std::cout << "Error ";
[b87a5ed]	2725	if ( yyfilename ) {
[5f2f2d7]	2726	std::cout << "in file " << yyfilename << " ";
	2727	} // if
[b1d6dd5]	2728	std::cout << "at line " << yylineno << " reading token \"" << (yytext[0] == '\0' ? "EOF" : yytext) << "\"" << std::endl;
[51b73452]	2729	}
	2730
[c11e31c]	2731	// Local Variables: //
[b87a5ed]	2732	// tab-width: 4 //
	2733	// mode: c++ //
[c11e31c]	2734	// compile-command: "make install" //
	2735	// End: //

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