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Last change on this file since 4e2b9710 was c1c1112, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 10 years ago
fix segment fault when printing syntax error, more refactoring of parser code
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 103.3 KB

Rev	Line
[b87a5ed]	1	//
	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
	6	//
[974906e2]	7	// cfa.y --
	8	//
[c11e31c]	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
	10	// Created On : Sat Sep 1 20:22:55 2001
	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[c1c1112]	12	// Last Modified On : Wed Aug 24 16:21:37 2016
	13	// Update Count : 1962
[974906e2]	14	//
[c11e31c]	15
[de62360d]	16	// This grammar is based on the ANSI99/11 C grammar, specifically parts of EXPRESSION and STATEMENTS, and on the C
	17	// grammar by James A. Roskind, specifically parts of DECLARATIONS and EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS. While parts have been
	18	// copied, important changes have been made in all sections; these changes are sufficient to constitute a new grammar.
	19	// In particular, this grammar attempts to be more syntactically precise, i.e., it parses less incorrect language syntax
	20	// that must be subsequently rejected by semantic checks. Nevertheless, there are still several semantic checks
	21	// required and many are noted in the grammar. Finally, the grammar is extended with GCC and CFA language extensions.
[c11e31c]	22
[de62360d]	23	// Acknowledgments to Richard Bilson, Glen Ditchfield, and Rodolfo Gabriel Esteves who all helped when I got stuck with
	24	// the grammar.
[c11e31c]	25
	26	// The root language for this grammar is ANSI99/11 C. All of ANSI99/11 is parsed, except for:
	27	//
	28	// 1. designation with '=' (use ':' instead)
	29	//
[de62360d]	30	// Most of the syntactic extensions from ANSI90 to ANSI11 C are marked with the comment "C99/C11". This grammar also has
	31	// two levels of extensions. The first extensions cover most of the GCC C extensions, except for:
[c11e31c]	32	//
[e7aed49]	33	// 1. designation with and without '=' (use ':' instead)
	34	// 2. attributes not allowed in parenthesis of declarator
[c11e31c]	35	//
[de62360d]	36	// All of the syntactic extensions for GCC C are marked with the comment "GCC". The second extensions are for Cforall
	37	// (CFA), which fixes several of C's outstanding problems and extends C with many modern language concepts. All of the
	38	// syntactic extensions for CFA C are marked with the comment "CFA". As noted above, there is one unreconcileable
	39	// parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators; this is discussed in detail before the "designation"
	40	// grammar rule.
[51b73452]	41
	42	%{
[b87a5ed]	43	#define YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT (yylval) // lexer loads this up each time
	44	#define YYDEBUG 1 // get the pretty debugging code to compile
[51b73452]	45
	46	#undef __GNUC_MINOR__
	47
	48	#include <cstdio>
	49	#include <stack>
	50	#include "lex.h"
[984dce6]	51	#include "parser.h"
[51b73452]	52	#include "ParseNode.h"
[984dce6]	53	#include "TypedefTable.h"
[1db21619]	54	#include "TypeData.h"
[51b73452]	55	#include "LinkageSpec.h"
	56
[cbaee0d]	57	extern DeclarationNode * parseTree;
[8b7ee09]	58	extern LinkageSpec::Spec linkage;
[0da3e2c]	59	extern TypedefTable typedefTable;
	60
[8b7ee09]	61	std::stack< LinkageSpec::Spec > linkageStack;
[7bf7fb9]	62
[ab57786]	63	void appendStr( std::string to, std::string from ) {
[7bf7fb9]	64	// "abc" "def" "ghi" => "abcdefghi", remove new text from quotes and insert before last quote in old string.
[ab57786]	65	to->insert( to->length() - 1, from->substr( 1, from->length() - 2 ) );
[7bf7fb9]	66	} // appendStr
[51b73452]	67	%}
	68
[c11e31c]	69	//*********************** TERMINAL TOKENS ******************************
[51b73452]	70
[c11e31c]	71	// keywords
[51b73452]	72	%token TYPEDEF
	73	%token AUTO EXTERN REGISTER STATIC
[b87a5ed]	74	%token INLINE // C99
	75	%token FORTRAN // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.9(1)
[51b73452]	76	%token CONST VOLATILE
[b87a5ed]	77	%token RESTRICT // C99
	78	%token FORALL LVALUE // CFA
[51b73452]	79	%token VOID CHAR SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE SIGNED UNSIGNED
[90c3b1c]	80	%token VALIST // GCC
[b87a5ed]	81	%token BOOL COMPLEX IMAGINARY // C99
	82	%token TYPEOF LABEL // GCC
[51b73452]	83	%token ENUM STRUCT UNION
[e7aed49]	84	%token OTYPE FTYPE DTYPE TRAIT // CFA
[5721a6d]	85	%token SIZEOF OFFSETOF
[b87a5ed]	86	%token ATTRIBUTE EXTENSION // GCC
[51b73452]	87	%token IF ELSE SWITCH CASE DEFAULT DO WHILE FOR BREAK CONTINUE GOTO RETURN
[02e5ab6]	88	%token CHOOSE DISABLE ENABLE FALLTHRU TRY CATCH CATCHRESUME FINALLY THROW THROWRESUME AT // CFA
[b87a5ed]	89	%token ASM // C99, extension ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section J.5.10(1)
[c11e31c]	90	%token ALIGNAS ALIGNOF ATOMIC GENERIC NORETURN STATICASSERT THREADLOCAL // C11
[51b73452]	91
[c11e31c]	92	// names and constants: lexer differentiates between identifier and typedef names
[b87a5ed]	93	%token<tok> IDENTIFIER QUOTED_IDENTIFIER TYPEDEFname TYPEGENname
	94	%token<tok> ATTR_IDENTIFIER ATTR_TYPEDEFname ATTR_TYPEGENname
	95	%token<tok> INTEGERconstant FLOATINGconstant CHARACTERconstant STRINGliteral
	96	%token<tok> ZERO ONE // CFA
[51b73452]	97
[c11e31c]	98	// multi-character operators
[b87a5ed]	99	%token ARROW // ->
	100	%token ICR DECR // ++ --
	101	%token LS RS // << >>
	102	%token LE GE EQ NE // <= >= == !=
	103	%token ANDAND OROR // && \|\|
	104	%token ELLIPSIS // ...
	105
	106	%token MULTassign DIVassign MODassign // *= /= %=/
	107	%token PLUSassign MINUSassign // += -=
	108	%token LSassign RSassign // <<= >>=
	109	%token ANDassign ERassign ORassign // &= ^= \|=
[51b73452]	110
[e7aed49]	111	%token ATassign // @=
[097e2b0]	112
[c11e31c]	113	// Types declaration
[51b73452]	114	%union
	115	{
[b87a5ed]	116	Token tok;
	117	ParseNode *pn;
	118	ExpressionNode *en;
	119	DeclarationNode *decl;
[68cd1ce]	120	DeclarationNode::Aggregate aggKey;
[b87a5ed]	121	DeclarationNode::TypeClass tclass;
	122	StatementNode *sn;
[d1625f8]	123	ConstantExpr *constant;
[2f22cc4]	124	ForCtl *fctl;
[7f5566b]	125	LabelNode *label;
[b87a5ed]	126	InitializerNode *in;
[d9e2280]	127	OperKinds op;
[ab57786]	128	std::string *str;
[7f5566b]	129	bool flag;
[51b73452]	130	}
	131
[097e2b0]	132	%type<tok> identifier no_01_identifier no_attr_identifier zero_one
[2871210]	133	%type<tok> identifier_or_type_name no_attr_identifier_or_type_name no_01_identifier_or_type_name
[ab57786]	134	%type<constant> string_literal
	135	%type<str> string_literal_list
[51b73452]	136
[c11e31c]	137	// expressions
[d1625f8]	138	%type<en> constant
[b87a5ed]	139	%type<en> tuple tuple_expression_list
[9706554]	140	%type<op> ptrref_operator unary_operator assignment_operator
[b87a5ed]	141	%type<en> primary_expression postfix_expression unary_expression
	142	%type<en> cast_expression multiplicative_expression additive_expression shift_expression
	143	%type<en> relational_expression equality_expression AND_expression exclusive_OR_expression
	144	%type<en> inclusive_OR_expression logical_AND_expression logical_OR_expression conditional_expression
	145	%type<en> constant_expression assignment_expression assignment_expression_opt
	146	%type<en> comma_expression comma_expression_opt
[2f22cc4]	147	%type<en> argument_expression_list argument_expression assignment_opt
	148	%type<fctl> for_control_expression
[51b73452]	149	%type<en> subrange
[7f5566b]	150	%type<en> asm_operands_opt asm_operands_list asm_operand
	151	%type<label> label_list
[d1625f8]	152	%type<en> asm_clobbers_list_opt
[7f5566b]	153	%type<flag> asm_volatile_opt
[51b73452]	154
[c11e31c]	155	// statements
[b87a5ed]	156	%type<sn> labeled_statement compound_statement expression_statement selection_statement
[097e2b0]	157	%type<sn> iteration_statement jump_statement exception_statement asm_statement
[b87a5ed]	158	%type<sn> fall_through_opt fall_through
	159	%type<sn> statement statement_list
	160	%type<sn> block_item_list block_item
[51b73452]	161	%type<sn> case_clause
[8688ce1]	162	%type<en> case_value
	163	%type<sn> case_value_list case_label case_label_list
[b87a5ed]	164	%type<sn> switch_clause_list_opt switch_clause_list choose_clause_list_opt choose_clause_list
[1d4580a]	165	%type<sn> handler_list handler_clause finally_clause
[51b73452]	166
[c11e31c]	167	// declarations
[51b73452]	168	%type<decl> abstract_array abstract_declarator abstract_function abstract_parameter_array
	169	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_declaration abstract_parameter_declarator abstract_parameter_function
	170	%type<decl> abstract_parameter_ptr abstract_ptr
	171
	172	%type<aggKey> aggregate_key
	173	%type<decl> aggregate_name
	174
	175	%type<decl> array_dimension array_parameter_1st_dimension array_parameter_dimension multi_array_dimension
	176
	177	%type<decl> assertion assertion_list_opt
	178
	179	%type<en> bit_subrange_size_opt bit_subrange_size
	180
	181	%type<decl> basic_declaration_specifier basic_type_name basic_type_specifier direct_type_name indirect_type_name
	182
[4040425]	183	%type<decl> trait_declaration trait_declaration_list trait_declaring_list trait_specifier
[51b73452]	184
	185	%type<decl> declaration declaration_list declaration_list_opt declaration_qualifier_list
	186	%type<decl> declaration_specifier declarator declaring_list
	187
	188	%type<decl> elaborated_type_name
	189
	190	%type<decl> enumerator_list enum_name
	191	%type<en> enumerator_value_opt
	192
	193	%type<decl> exception_declaration external_definition external_definition_list external_definition_list_opt
	194
	195	%type<decl> field_declaration field_declaration_list field_declarator field_declaring_list
	196	%type<en> field field_list
	197
[4d51835]	198	%type<decl> external_function_definition function_definition function_array function_declarator function_no_ptr function_ptr
[51b73452]	199
	200	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_array identifier_parameter_declarator identifier_parameter_function
	201	%type<decl> identifier_parameter_ptr identifier_list
	202
	203	%type<decl> new_abstract_array new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple new_abstract_declarator_tuple
	204	%type<decl> new_abstract_function new_abstract_parameter_declaration new_abstract_parameter_list
	205	%type<decl> new_abstract_ptr new_abstract_tuple
	206
	207	%type<decl> new_array_parameter_1st_dimension
	208
[4040425]	209	%type<decl> new_trait_declaring_list new_declaration new_field_declaring_list
[51b73452]	210	%type<decl> new_function_declaration new_function_return new_function_specifier
	211
	212	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_array new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	213	%type<decl> new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	214
	215	%type<decl> new_parameter_declaration new_parameter_list new_parameter_type_list new_parameter_type_list_opt
	216
	217	%type<decl> new_typedef_declaration new_variable_declaration new_variable_specifier
	218
	219	%type<decl> old_declaration old_declaration_list old_declaration_list_opt old_function_array
	220	%type<decl> old_function_declarator old_function_no_ptr old_function_ptr
	221
	222	%type<decl> parameter_declaration parameter_list parameter_type_list
	223	%type<decl> parameter_type_list_opt
	224
[2871210]	225	%type<decl> paren_identifier paren_type
[51b73452]	226
[0da3e2c]	227	%type<decl> storage_class storage_class_list
[51b73452]	228
	229	%type<decl> sue_declaration_specifier sue_type_specifier
	230
	231	%type<tclass> type_class
	232	%type<decl> type_declarator type_declarator_name type_declaring_list
	233
[2871210]	234	%type<decl> typedef type_array typedef_declaration typedef_declaration_specifier typedef_expression
	235	%type<decl> type_function type_parameter_array type_parameter_function type_parameter_ptr
[c6b1105]	236	%type<decl> type_parameter_redeclarator type_ptr variable_type_redeclarator typedef_type_specifier
[2871210]	237	%type<decl> typegen_declaration_specifier typegen_type_specifier typegen_name
[51b73452]	238
	239	%type<decl> type_name type_name_no_function
	240	%type<decl> type_parameter type_parameter_list
	241
	242	%type<en> type_name_list
	243
	244	%type<decl> type_qualifier type_qualifier_name type_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list_opt type_specifier
	245
	246	%type<decl> variable_abstract_array variable_abstract_declarator variable_abstract_function
	247	%type<decl> variable_abstract_ptr variable_array variable_declarator variable_function variable_ptr
	248
[1db21619]	249	%type<decl> attribute_list_opt attribute_list attribute
	250
[c11e31c]	251	// initializers
[51b73452]	252	%type<in> initializer initializer_list initializer_opt
	253
[c11e31c]	254	// designators
[51b73452]	255	%type<en> designator designator_list designation
	256
	257
[b87a5ed]	258	// Handle single shift/reduce conflict for dangling else by shifting the ELSE token. For example, this string
	259	// is ambiguous:
	260	// .---------. matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[c11e31c]	261	// if ( C ) S1 else S2
[b87a5ed]	262	// `-----------------' matches IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement */
[51b73452]	263
[c11e31c]	264	%nonassoc THEN // rule precedence for IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement
	265	%nonassoc ELSE // token precedence for start of else clause in IF statement
[51b73452]	266
[b87a5ed]	267	%start translation_unit // parse-tree root
[51b73452]	268
	269	%%
[c11e31c]	270	//*********************** Namespace Management ******************************
	271
[de62360d]	272	// The grammar in the ANSI C standard is not strictly context-free, since it relies upon the distinct terminal symbols
	273	// "identifier" and "TYPEDEFname" that are lexically identical. While it is possible to write a purely context-free
	274	// grammar, such a grammar would obscure the relationship between syntactic and semantic constructs. Hence, this
	275	// grammar uses the ANSI style.
[c11e31c]	276	//
[de62360d]	277	// Cforall compounds this problem by introducing type names local to the scope of a declaration (for instance, those
	278	// introduced through "forall" qualifiers), and by introducing "type generators" -- parametrized types. This latter
	279	// type name creates a third class of identifiers that must be distinguished by the scanner.
[c11e31c]	280	//
[de62360d]	281	// Since the scanner cannot distinguish among the different classes of identifiers without some context information, it
	282	// accesses a data structure (the TypedefTable) to allow classification of an identifier that it has just read.
	283	// Semantic actions during the parser update this data structure when the class of identifiers change.
[c11e31c]	284	//
[de62360d]	285	// Because the Cforall language is block-scoped, there is the possibility that an identifier can change its class in a
	286	// local scope; it must revert to its original class at the end of the block. Since type names can be local to a
	287	// particular declaration, each declaration is itself a scope. This requires distinguishing between type names that are
	288	// local to the current declaration scope and those that persist past the end of the declaration (i.e., names defined in
	289	// "typedef" or "type" declarations).
[c11e31c]	290	//
[de62360d]	291	// The non-terminals "push" and "pop" derive the empty string; their only use is to denote the opening and closing of
	292	// scopes. Every push must have a matching pop, although it is regrettable the matching pairs do not always occur
	293	// within the same rule. These non-terminals may appear in more contexts than strictly necessary from a semantic point
	294	// of view. Unfortunately, these extra rules are necessary to prevent parsing conflicts -- the parser may not have
	295	// enough context and look-ahead information to decide whether a new scope is necessary, so the effect of these extra
	296	// rules is to open a new scope unconditionally. As the grammar evolves, it may be neccesary to add or move around
	297	// "push" and "pop" nonterminals to resolve conflicts of this sort.
[51b73452]	298
	299	push:
[ab57786]	300	{ typedefTable.enterScope(); }
[4d51835]	301	;
[51b73452]	302
	303	pop:
[ab57786]	304	{ typedefTable.leaveScope(); }
[4d51835]	305	;
[51b73452]	306
[c11e31c]	307	//*********************** CONSTANTS ******************************
[51b73452]	308
	309	constant:
[de62360d]	310	// ENUMERATIONconstant is not included here; it is treated as a variable with type "enumeration constant".
[ab57786]	311	INTEGERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantInteger( *$1 ) ); }
	312	\| FLOATINGconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantFloat( *$1 ) ); }
	313	\| CHARACTERconstant { $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_constantChar( *$1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	314	;
[51b73452]	315
	316	identifier:
[4d51835]	317	IDENTIFIER
	318	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	319	\| zero_one // CFA
	320	;
[51b73452]	321
	322	no_01_identifier:
[4d51835]	323	IDENTIFIER
	324	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER // CFA
	325	;
[51b73452]	326
	327	no_attr_identifier:
[4d51835]	328	IDENTIFIER
[bd85400]	329	\| zero_one // CFA
[4d51835]	330	;
[51b73452]	331
[b87a5ed]	332	zero_one: // CFA
[4d51835]	333	ZERO
	334	\| ONE
	335	;
[51b73452]	336
[ab57786]	337	string_literal:
	338	string_literal_list { $$ = build_constantStr( *$1 ); }
	339	;
	340
[b87a5ed]	341	string_literal_list: // juxtaposed strings are concatenated
[ab57786]	342	STRINGliteral { $$ = $1; } // conversion from tok to str
[7bf7fb9]	343	\| string_literal_list STRINGliteral
	344	{
[ab57786]	345	appendStr( $1, $2 ); // append 2nd juxtaposed string to 1st
[7bf7fb9]	346	delete $2; // allocated by lexer
[ab57786]	347	$$ = $1; // conversion from tok to str
[7bf7fb9]	348	}
[4d51835]	349	;
[51b73452]	350
[c11e31c]	351	//*********************** EXPRESSIONS ******************************
[51b73452]	352
	353	primary_expression:
[4d51835]	354	IDENTIFIER // typedef name cannot be used as a variable name
[d1625f8]	355	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	356	\| zero_one
[d1625f8]	357	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	358	\| '(' comma_expression ')'
	359	{ $$ = $2; }
	360	\| '(' compound_statement ')' // GCC, lambda expression
[d1625f8]	361	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_valexpr( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	362	;
[51b73452]	363
	364	postfix_expression:
[4d51835]	365	primary_expression
	366	\| postfix_expression '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
[c6b1105]	367	// CFA, comma_expression disallowed in this context because it results in a common user error: subscripting a
[de62360d]	368	// matrix with x[i,j] instead of x[i][j]. While this change is not backwards compatible, there seems to be
	369	// little advantage to this feature and many disadvantages. It is possible to write x[(i,j)] in CFA, which is
	370	// equivalent to the old x[i,j].
[d1625f8]	371	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Index, $1, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	372	\| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
[d1625f8]	373	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( $1, $3 ) ); }
[ab57786]	374	// ambiguity with .0 so space required after field-selection, e.g.
[bd85400]	375	// struct S { int 0, 1; } s; s. 0 = 0; s. 1 = 1;
[4d51835]	376	\| postfix_expression '.' no_attr_identifier
[d1625f8]	377	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	378	\| postfix_expression '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	379	\| postfix_expression ARROW no_attr_identifier
[d1625f8]	380	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $1, build_varref( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	381	\| postfix_expression ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
	382	\| postfix_expression ICR
[d1625f8]	383	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::IncrPost, $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	384	\| postfix_expression DECR
[d1625f8]	385	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::DecrPost, $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	386	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' // C99
[d1625f8]	387	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_compoundLiteral( $2, new InitializerNode( $5, true ) ) ); }
[097e2b0]	388	\| postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' // CFA
	389	{
[9706554]	390	Token fn;
	391	fn.str = new std::string( "?{}" ); // location undefined
[1d4580a]	392	$$ = new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $1 )->set_last( $3 ) ) );
[097e2b0]	393	}
[4d51835]	394	;
[51b73452]	395
	396	argument_expression_list:
[4d51835]	397	argument_expression
	398	\| argument_expression_list ',' argument_expression
[1d4580a]	399	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	400	;
[51b73452]	401
	402	argument_expression:
[4d51835]	403	// empty
	404	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
	405	\| assignment_expression
	406	;
[b87a5ed]	407
	408	field_list: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	409	field
[1d4580a]	410	\| field_list ',' field { $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	411	;
[b87a5ed]	412
	413	field: // CFA, tuple field selector
[4d51835]	414	no_attr_identifier
[d1625f8]	415	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[ab57786]	416	// ambiguity with .0 so space required after field-selection, e.g.
[bd85400]	417	// struct S { int 0, 1; } s; s. 0 = 0; s. 1 = 1;
[4d51835]	418	\| no_attr_identifier '.' field
[d1625f8]	419	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $3, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	420	\| no_attr_identifier '.' '[' push field_list pop ']'
[d1625f8]	421	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_fieldSel( $5, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	422	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW field
[d1625f8]	423	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $3, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	424	\| no_attr_identifier ARROW '[' push field_list pop ']'
[d1625f8]	425	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_pfieldSel( $5, build_varref( $1 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	426	;
[51b73452]	427
	428	unary_expression:
[4d51835]	429	postfix_expression
[c6b1105]	430	// first location where constant/string can have operator applied: sizeof 3/sizeof "abc" still requires
	431	// semantics checks, e.g., ++3, 3--, *3, &&3
[51b1202]	432	\| constant
	433	{ $$ = $1; }
[ab57786]	434	\| string_literal
[d1625f8]	435	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	436	\| EXTENSION cast_expression // GCC
[e04ef3a]	437	{ $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
[c6b1105]	438	// '*' ('&') is separated from unary_operator because of shift/reduce conflict in:
	439	// { * X; } // dereference X
	440	// { * int X; } // CFA declaration of pointer to int
[51e076e]	441	\| ptrref_operator cast_expression // CFA
[9706554]	442	{
	443	switch ( $1 ) {
[d9e2280]	444	case OperKinds::AddressOf:
[d1625f8]	445	$$ = new ExpressionNode( build_addressOf( $2 ) );
[9706554]	446	break;
[d9e2280]	447	case OperKinds::PointTo:
[d1625f8]	448	$$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) );
[9706554]	449	break;
	450	default:
	451	assert( false );
	452	}
	453	}
[4d51835]	454	\| unary_operator cast_expression
[d1625f8]	455	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_val( $1, $2 ) ); }
[dd51906]	456	\| ICR unary_expression
[d1625f8]	457	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Incr, $2 ) ); }
[dd51906]	458	\| DECR unary_expression
[d1625f8]	459	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_unary_ptr( OperKinds::Decr, $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	460	\| SIZEOF unary_expression
[d1625f8]	461	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_sizeOfexpr( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	462	\| SIZEOF '(' type_name_no_function ')'
[d1625f8]	463	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_sizeOftype( $3 ) ); }
	464	\| ALIGNOF unary_expression // GCC, variable alignment
	465	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_alignOfexpr( $2 ) ); }
	466	\| ALIGNOF '(' type_name_no_function ')' // GCC, type alignment
	467	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_alignOftype( $3 ) ); }
[5721a6d]	468	\| OFFSETOF '(' type_name_no_function ',' no_attr_identifier ')'
[d1625f8]	469	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_offsetOf( $3, build_varref( $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	470	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER
[d1625f8]	471	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrexpr( build_varref( $1 ), nullptr ) ); }
[4d51835]	472	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' argument_expression ')'
[d1625f8]	473	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrexpr( build_varref( $1 ), $3 ) ); }
	474	\| ATTR_IDENTIFIER '(' type_name ')'
	475	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_attrtype( build_varref( $1 ), $3 ) ); }
[c6b1105]	476	// \| ANDAND IDENTIFIER // GCC, address of label
[d1625f8]	477	// { $$ = new ExpressionNode( new OperatorNode( OperKinds::LabelAddress ), new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	478	;
[51b73452]	479
[dd51906]	480	ptrref_operator:
[d9e2280]	481	'*' { $$ = OperKinds::PointTo; }
	482	\| '&' { $$ = OperKinds::AddressOf; }
[c6b1105]	483	// GCC, address of label must be handled by semantic check for ref,ref,label
[d9e2280]	484	// \| ANDAND { $$ = OperKinds::And; }
[dd51906]	485	;
	486
[51b73452]	487	unary_operator:
[d9e2280]	488	'+' { $$ = OperKinds::UnPlus; }
	489	\| '-' { $$ = OperKinds::UnMinus; }
	490	\| '!' { $$ = OperKinds::Neg; }
	491	\| '~' { $$ = OperKinds::BitNeg; }
[4d51835]	492	;
[51b73452]	493
	494	cast_expression:
[4d51835]	495	unary_expression
	496	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	497	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	498	\| '(' type_name_no_function ')' tuple
[d1625f8]	499	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cast( $2, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	500	;
[51b73452]	501
	502	multiplicative_expression:
[4d51835]	503	cast_expression
	504	\| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	505	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mul, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	506	\| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	507	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Div, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	508	\| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
[d1625f8]	509	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Mod, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	510	;
[51b73452]	511
	512	additive_expression:
[4d51835]	513	multiplicative_expression
	514	\| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
[d1625f8]	515	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Plus, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	516	\| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
[d1625f8]	517	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Minus, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	518	;
[51b73452]	519
	520	shift_expression:
[4d51835]	521	additive_expression
	522	\| shift_expression LS additive_expression
[d1625f8]	523	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	524	\| shift_expression RS additive_expression
[d1625f8]	525	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::RShift, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	526	;
[51b73452]	527
	528	relational_expression:
[4d51835]	529	shift_expression
	530	\| relational_expression '<' shift_expression
[d1625f8]	531	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	532	\| relational_expression '>' shift_expression
[d1625f8]	533	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	534	\| relational_expression LE shift_expression
[d1625f8]	535	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::LEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	536	\| relational_expression GE shift_expression
[d1625f8]	537	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::GEThan, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	538	;
[51b73452]	539
	540	equality_expression:
[4d51835]	541	relational_expression
	542	\| equality_expression EQ relational_expression
[d1625f8]	543	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Eq, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	544	\| equality_expression NE relational_expression
[d1625f8]	545	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Neq, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	546	;
[51b73452]	547
	548	AND_expression:
[4d51835]	549	equality_expression
	550	\| AND_expression '&' equality_expression
[d1625f8]	551	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitAnd, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	552	;
[51b73452]	553
	554	exclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	555	AND_expression
	556	\| exclusive_OR_expression '^' AND_expression
[d1625f8]	557	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::Xor, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	558	;
[51b73452]	559
	560	inclusive_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	561	exclusive_OR_expression
	562	\| inclusive_OR_expression '\|' exclusive_OR_expression
[d1625f8]	563	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_val( OperKinds::BitOr, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	564	;
[51b73452]	565
	566	logical_AND_expression:
[4d51835]	567	inclusive_OR_expression
	568	\| logical_AND_expression ANDAND inclusive_OR_expression
[d1625f8]	569	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	570	;
[51b73452]	571
	572	logical_OR_expression:
[4d51835]	573	logical_AND_expression
	574	\| logical_OR_expression OROR logical_AND_expression
[d1625f8]	575	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_and_or( $1, $3, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	576	;
[51b73452]	577
	578	conditional_expression:
[4d51835]	579	logical_OR_expression
	580	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' conditional_expression
[d1625f8]	581	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
[d9e2280]	582	// FIX ME: this hack computes $1 twice
[4d51835]	583	\| logical_OR_expression '?' /* empty */ ':' conditional_expression // GCC, omitted first operand
[d1625f8]	584	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $1, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	585	\| logical_OR_expression '?' comma_expression ':' tuple // CFA, tuple expression
[d1625f8]	586	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_cond( $1, $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	587	;
[51b73452]	588
	589	constant_expression:
[4d51835]	590	conditional_expression
	591	;
[51b73452]	592
	593	assignment_expression:
[4d51835]	594	// CFA, assignment is separated from assignment_operator to ensure no assignment operations for tuples
	595	conditional_expression
	596	\| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
[d1625f8]	597	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_binary_ptr( $2, $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	598	\| tuple assignment_opt // CFA, tuple expression
[d1625f8]	599	{ $$ = ( $2 == 0 ) ? $1 : new ExpressionNode( build_binary_ptr( OperKinds::Assign, $1, $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	600	;
[51b73452]	601
	602	assignment_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	603	// empty
[d1625f8]	604	{ $$ = nullptr; }
[4d51835]	605	\| assignment_expression
	606	;
[b87a5ed]	607
[9706554]	608	assignment_operator:
[d9e2280]	609	'=' { $$ = OperKinds::Assign; }
	610	\| MULTassign { $$ = OperKinds::MulAssn; }
	611	\| DIVassign { $$ = OperKinds::DivAssn; }
	612	\| MODassign { $$ = OperKinds::ModAssn; }
	613	\| PLUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::PlusAssn; }
	614	\| MINUSassign { $$ = OperKinds::MinusAssn; }
	615	\| LSassign { $$ = OperKinds::LSAssn; }
	616	\| RSassign { $$ = OperKinds::RSAssn; }
	617	\| ANDassign { $$ = OperKinds::AndAssn; }
	618	\| ERassign { $$ = OperKinds::ERAssn; }
	619	\| ORassign { $$ = OperKinds::OrAssn; }
[9706554]	620	;
	621
[b87a5ed]	622	tuple: // CFA, tuple
[de62360d]	623	// CFA, one assignment_expression is factored out of comma_expression to eliminate a shift/reduce conflict with
	624	// comma_expression in new_identifier_parameter_array and new_abstract_array
[2871210]	625	'[' ']'
[d1625f8]	626	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple() ); }
[4d51835]	627	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
[d1625f8]	628	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	629	\| '[' push ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
[1d4580a]	630	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)(new ExpressionNode( nullptr ) )->set_last( $4 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	631	\| '[' push assignment_expression ',' tuple_expression_list pop ']'
[1d4580a]	632	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_tuple( (ExpressionNode *)$3->set_last( $5 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	633	;
[51b73452]	634
	635	tuple_expression_list:
[4d51835]	636	assignment_expression_opt
	637	\| tuple_expression_list ',' assignment_expression_opt
[1d4580a]	638	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	639	;
[51b73452]	640
	641	comma_expression:
[4d51835]	642	assignment_expression
[9706554]	643	\| comma_expression ',' assignment_expression
[d1625f8]	644	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_comma( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	645	;
[51b73452]	646
	647	comma_expression_opt:
[4d51835]	648	// empty
	649	{ $$ = 0; }
	650	\| comma_expression
	651	;
[51b73452]	652
[c11e31c]	653	//************************* STATEMENTS *****************************
[51b73452]	654
	655	statement:
[4d51835]	656	labeled_statement
	657	\| compound_statement
	658	\| expression_statement { $$ = $1; }
	659	\| selection_statement
	660	\| iteration_statement
	661	\| jump_statement
	662	\| exception_statement
	663	\| asm_statement
[097e2b0]	664	\| '^' postfix_expression '{' argument_expression_list '}' ';' // CFA
	665	{
[d9e2280]	666	Token fn;
	667	fn.str = new std::string( "^?{}" ); // location undefined
[e82aa9df]	668	$$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( new ExpressionNode( build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( fn ) ), (ExpressionNode *)( $2 )->set_last( $4 ) ) ) ) );
[097e2b0]	669	}
[4d51835]	670	;
[51b73452]	671
	672	labeled_statement:
[c6b1105]	673	// labels cannot be identifiers 0 or 1
	674	IDENTIFIER ':' attribute_list_opt statement
[1db21619]	675	{
	676	$$ = $4->add_label( $1 );
	677	}
[4d51835]	678	;
[51b73452]	679
	680	compound_statement:
[4d51835]	681	'{' '}'
[e82aa9df]	682	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)0 ) ); }
[4d51835]	683	\| '{'
[de62360d]	684	// Two scopes are necessary because the block itself has a scope, but every declaration within the block also
	685	// requires its own scope
[4d51835]	686	push push
[51b1202]	687	local_label_declaration_opt // GCC, local labels
[4d51835]	688	block_item_list pop '}' // C99, intermix declarations and statements
[e82aa9df]	689	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_compound( $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	690	;
[b87a5ed]	691
	692	block_item_list: // C99
[4d51835]	693	block_item
	694	\| block_item_list push block_item
[1d4580a]	695	{ if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $3 ); $$ = $1; } }
[4d51835]	696	;
[51b73452]	697
	698	block_item:
[4d51835]	699	declaration // CFA, new & old style declarations
[e82aa9df]	700	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	701	\| EXTENSION declaration // GCC
[8e9cbb2]	702	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	703	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	704	iter->set_extension( true );
[e82aa9df]	705	$$ = new StatementNode( $2 );
[8e9cbb2]	706	}
[4d51835]	707	\| function_definition
[e82aa9df]	708	{ $$ = new StatementNode( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	709	\| statement pop
	710	;
[51b73452]	711
	712	statement_list:
[4d51835]	713	statement
	714	\| statement_list statement
[1d4580a]	715	{ if ( $1 != 0 ) { $1->set_last( $2 ); $$ = $1; } }
[4d51835]	716	;
[51b73452]	717
	718	expression_statement:
[4d51835]	719	comma_expression_opt ';'
[e82aa9df]	720	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_expr( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	721	;
[51b73452]	722
	723	selection_statement:
[4d51835]	724	IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement %prec THEN
	725	// explicitly deal with the shift/reduce conflict on if/else
[e82aa9df]	726	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, nullptr ) ); }
[4d51835]	727	\| IF '(' comma_expression ')' statement ELSE statement
[e82aa9df]	728	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_if( $3, $5, $7 ) ); }
[4d51835]	729	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
[e82aa9df]	730	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	731	\| SWITCH '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt switch_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
[4e06c1e]	732	{
[e82aa9df]	733	StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $8 ) );
[4e06c1e]	734	// The semantics of the declaration list is changed to include associated initialization, which is performed
	735	// before the transfer to the appropriate case clause by hoisting the declarations into a compound
	736	// statement around the switch. Statements after the initial declaration list can never be executed, and
[8688ce1]	737	// therefore, are removed from the grammar even though C allows it. The change also applies to choose
	738	// statement.
[e82aa9df]	739	$$ = $7 != 0 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
[4e06c1e]	740	}
[4d51835]	741	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' case_clause // CFA
[e82aa9df]	742	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	743	\| CHOOSE '(' comma_expression ')' '{' push declaration_list_opt choose_clause_list_opt '}' // CFA
[4e06c1e]	744	{
[e82aa9df]	745	StatementNode *sw = new StatementNode( build_switch( $3, $8 ) );
	746	$$ = $7 != 0 ? new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)((new StatementNode( $7 ))->set_last( sw )) ) ) : sw;
[4e06c1e]	747	}
[4d51835]	748	;
[b87a5ed]	749
[de62360d]	750	// CASE and DEFAULT clauses are only allowed in the SWITCH statement, precluding Duff's device. In addition, a case
	751	// clause allows a list of values and subranges.
[b87a5ed]	752
	753	case_value: // CFA
[4d51835]	754	constant_expression { $$ = $1; }
	755	\| constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression // GCC, subrange
[d1625f8]	756	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	757	\| subrange // CFA, subrange
	758	;
[b87a5ed]	759
	760	case_value_list: // CFA
[e82aa9df]	761	case_value { $$ = new StatementNode( build_case( $1 ) ); }
[064e3ff]	762	// convert case list, e.g., "case 1, 3, 5:" into "case 1: case 3: case 5"
[e82aa9df]	763	\| case_value_list ',' case_value { $$ = (StatementNode *)($1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_case( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	764	;
[b87a5ed]	765
	766	case_label: // CFA
[8688ce1]	767	CASE case_value_list ':' { $$ = $2; }
[e82aa9df]	768	\| DEFAULT ':' { $$ = new StatementNode( build_default() ); }
[4d51835]	769	// A semantic check is required to ensure only one default clause per switch/choose statement.
	770	;
[b87a5ed]	771
	772	case_label_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	773	case_label
[1d4580a]	774	\| case_label_list case_label { $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 )); }
[4d51835]	775	;
[b87a5ed]	776
	777	case_clause: // CFA
[e82aa9df]	778	case_label_list statement { $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	779	;
[b87a5ed]	780
	781	switch_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	782	// empty
	783	{ $$ = 0; }
	784	\| switch_clause_list
	785	;
[b87a5ed]	786
	787	switch_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	788	case_label_list statement_list
[e82aa9df]	789	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $2 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	790	\| switch_clause_list case_label_list statement_list
[e82aa9df]	791	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( $3 ) ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	792	;
[b87a5ed]	793
	794	choose_clause_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	795	// empty
	796	{ $$ = 0; }
	797	\| choose_clause_list
	798	;
[b87a5ed]	799
	800	choose_clause_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	801	case_label_list fall_through
[de62360d]	802	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	803	\| case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
[e82aa9df]	804	{ $$ = $1->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode *)$2->set_last( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	805	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list fall_through
[1d4580a]	806	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( $3 ))); }
[4d51835]	807	\| choose_clause_list case_label_list statement_list fall_through_opt
[e82aa9df]	808	{ $$ = (StatementNode )( $1->set_last( $2->append_last_case( new StatementNode( build_compound( (StatementNode )$3->set_last( $4 ) ) ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	809	;
[b87a5ed]	810
	811	fall_through_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	812	// empty
[ab57786]	813	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); } // insert implicit break
[4d51835]	814	\| fall_through
	815	;
[b87a5ed]	816
	817	fall_through: // CFA
[4e06c1e]	818	FALLTHRU
	819	{ $$ = 0; }
	820	\| FALLTHRU ';'
	821	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	822	;
[51b73452]	823
	824	iteration_statement:
[4d51835]	825	WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' statement
[e82aa9df]	826	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	827	\| DO statement WHILE '(' comma_expression ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	828	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_while( $5, $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	829	\| FOR '(' push for_control_expression ')' statement
[e82aa9df]	830	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_for( $4, $6 ) ); }
[4d51835]	831	;
[51b73452]	832
	833	for_control_expression:
[4d51835]	834	comma_expression_opt pop ';' comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt
[2f22cc4]	835	{ $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $4, $6 ); }
[4d51835]	836	\| declaration comma_expression_opt ';' comma_expression_opt // C99
[2f22cc4]	837	{ $$ = new ForCtl( $1, $2, $4 ); }
[d1625f8]	838	;
[51b73452]	839
	840	jump_statement:
[c6b1105]	841	GOTO IDENTIFIER ';'
[ab57786]	842	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Goto ) ); }
[4d51835]	843	\| GOTO '*' comma_expression ';' // GCC, computed goto
[4e06c1e]	844	// The syntax for the GCC computed goto violates normal expression precedence, e.g., goto i+3; => goto (i+3);
[de62360d]	845	// whereas normal operator precedence yields goto (*i)+3;
[e82aa9df]	846	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_computedgoto( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	847	\| CONTINUE ';'
[de62360d]	848	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	849	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
[4e06c1e]	850	\| CONTINUE IDENTIFIER ';' // CFA, multi-level continue
[de62360d]	851	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
	852	// the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	853	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Continue ) ); }
[4d51835]	854	\| BREAK ';'
[de62360d]	855	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	856	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
[4e06c1e]	857	\| BREAK IDENTIFIER ';' // CFA, multi-level exit
[de62360d]	858	// A semantic check is required to ensure this statement appears only in the body of an iteration statement, and
	859	// the target of the transfer appears only at the start of an iteration statement.
[ab57786]	860	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_branch( $2, BranchStmt::Break ) ); }
[4d51835]	861	\| RETURN comma_expression_opt ';'
[e82aa9df]	862	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_return( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	863	\| THROW assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles rethrow
[e82aa9df]	864	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	865	\| THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt ';' // handles reresume
[e82aa9df]	866	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[8cc5cb0]	867	\| THROWRESUME assignment_expression_opt AT assignment_expression ';' // handles reresume
[e82aa9df]	868	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_throw( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	869	;
[51b73452]	870
	871	exception_statement:
[4d51835]	872	TRY compound_statement handler_list
[e82aa9df]	873	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, 0 ) ); }
[4d51835]	874	\| TRY compound_statement finally_clause
[e82aa9df]	875	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, 0, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	876	\| TRY compound_statement handler_list finally_clause
[e82aa9df]	877	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_try( $2, $3, $4 ) ); }
[4d51835]	878	;
[51b73452]	879
	880	handler_list:
[4d51835]	881	handler_clause
[de62360d]	882	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 15.3(6 ) If present, a "..." handler shall be the last handler for its try block.
[4d51835]	883	\| CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	884	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $5, true ) ); }
[4d51835]	885	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	886	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $6, true ) ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	887	\| CATCHRESUME '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	888	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $5, true ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	889	\| handler_clause CATCHRESUME '(' ELLIPSIS ')' compound_statement
[e82aa9df]	890	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( 0, $6, true ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	891	;
[51b73452]	892
	893	handler_clause:
[4d51835]	894	CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	895	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $5, $8 ) ); }
[4d51835]	896	\| handler_clause CATCH '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	897	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $6, $9 ) ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	898	\| CATCHRESUME '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	899	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_catch( $5, $8 ) ); }
[02e5ab6]	900	\| handler_clause CATCHRESUME '(' push push exception_declaration pop ')' compound_statement pop
[e82aa9df]	901	{ $$ = (StatementNode *)$1->set_last( new StatementNode( build_catch( $6, $9 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	902	;
[51b73452]	903
	904	finally_clause:
[4d51835]	905	FINALLY compound_statement
	906	{
[e82aa9df]	907	$$ = new StatementNode( build_finally( $2 ) );
[4d51835]	908	}
	909	;
[51b73452]	910
	911	exception_declaration:
[4d51835]	912	// A semantic check is required to ensure type_specifier does not create a new type, e.g.:
	913	//
	914	// catch ( struct { int i; } x ) ...
	915	//
	916	// This new type cannot catch any thrown type because of name equivalence among types.
	917	type_specifier
	918	\| type_specifier declarator
	919	{
	920	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	921	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	922	}
	923	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	924	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	925	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier // CFA
	926	{
	927	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	928	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	929	}
	930	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	931	;
[51b73452]	932
	933	asm_statement:
[ab57786]	934	ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	935	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, 0 ) ); }
[ab57786]	936	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';' // remaining GCC
[e82aa9df]	937	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
[ab57786]	938	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	939	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8 ) ); }
[ab57786]	940	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt '(' string_literal ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	941	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $4, $6, $8, $10 ) ); }
[ab57786]	942	\| ASM asm_volatile_opt GOTO '(' string_literal ':' ':' asm_operands_opt ':' asm_clobbers_list_opt ':' label_list ')' ';'
[e82aa9df]	943	{ $$ = new StatementNode( build_asmstmt( $2, $5, 0, $8, $10, $12 ) ); }
[7f5566b]	944	;
	945
	946	asm_volatile_opt: // GCC
	947	// empty
	948	{ $$ = false; }
	949	\| VOLATILE
	950	{ $$ = true; }
[4d51835]	951	;
[b87a5ed]	952
	953	asm_operands_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	954	// empty
[7f5566b]	955	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
[4d51835]	956	\| asm_operands_list
	957	;
[b87a5ed]	958
	959	asm_operands_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	960	asm_operand
	961	\| asm_operands_list ',' asm_operand
[1d4580a]	962	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	963	;
[b87a5ed]	964
	965	asm_operand: // GCC
[ab57786]	966	string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
[e82aa9df]	967	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_asmexpr( 0, $1, $3 ) ); }
[ab57786]	968	\| '[' constant_expression ']' string_literal '(' constant_expression ')'
[e82aa9df]	969	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_asmexpr( $2, $4, $6 ) ); }
[7f5566b]	970	;
	971
[4e06c1e]	972	asm_clobbers_list_opt: // GCC
[7f5566b]	973	// empty
	974	{ $$ = 0; } // use default argument
[ab57786]	975	\| string_literal
[d1625f8]	976	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1 ); }
[ab57786]	977	\| asm_clobbers_list_opt ',' string_literal
[e82aa9df]	978	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)$1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	979	;
[b87a5ed]	980
[7f5566b]	981	label_list:
	982	no_attr_identifier
[ab57786]	983	{
	984	$$ = new LabelNode(); $$->labels.push_back( *$1 );
	985	delete $1; // allocated by lexer
	986	}
[7f5566b]	987	\| label_list ',' no_attr_identifier
[ab57786]	988	{
	989	$$ = $1; $1->labels.push_back( *$3 );
	990	delete $3; // allocated by lexer
	991	}
[4d51835]	992	;
[51b73452]	993
[c11e31c]	994	//***************************** DECLARATIONS *******************************
[51b73452]	995
[b87a5ed]	996	declaration_list_opt: // used at beginning of switch statement
[4d51835]	997	pop
	998	{ $$ = 0; }
	999	\| declaration_list
	1000	;
[51b73452]	1001
	1002	declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1003	declaration
	1004	\| declaration_list push declaration
	1005	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1006	;
[51b73452]	1007
[b87a5ed]	1008	old_declaration_list_opt: // used to declare parameter types in K&R style functions
[4d51835]	1009	pop
	1010	{ $$ = 0; }
	1011	\| old_declaration_list
	1012	;
[51b73452]	1013
	1014	old_declaration_list:
[4d51835]	1015	old_declaration
	1016	\| old_declaration_list push old_declaration
	1017	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1018	;
[b87a5ed]	1019
[51b1202]	1020	local_label_declaration_opt: // GCC, local label
[4d51835]	1021	// empty
[51b1202]	1022	\| local_label_declaration_list
[4d51835]	1023	;
[b87a5ed]	1024
[51b1202]	1025	local_label_declaration_list: // GCC, local label
	1026	LABEL local_label_list ';'
	1027	\| local_label_declaration_list LABEL local_label_list ';'
[4d51835]	1028	;
[b87a5ed]	1029
[51b1202]	1030	local_label_list: // GCC, local label
[7f5566b]	1031	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
[51b1202]	1032	\| local_label_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name {}
[4d51835]	1033	;
[b87a5ed]	1034
	1035	declaration: // CFA, new & old style declarations
[4d51835]	1036	new_declaration
	1037	\| old_declaration
	1038	;
[b87a5ed]	1039
[de62360d]	1040	// C declaration syntax is notoriously confusing and error prone. Cforall provides its own type, variable and function
	1041	// declarations. CFA declarations use the same declaration tokens as in C; however, CFA places declaration modifiers to
	1042	// the left of the base type, while C declarations place modifiers to the right of the base type. CFA declaration
	1043	// modifiers are interpreted from left to right and the entire type specification is distributed across all variables in
	1044	// the declaration list (as in Pascal). ANSI C and the new CFA declarations may appear together in the same program
	1045	// block, but cannot be mixed within a specific declaration.
[c11e31c]	1046	//
[b87a5ed]	1047	// CFA C
	1048	// [10] int x; int x[10]; // array of 10 integers
	1049	// [10] * char y; char *y[10]; // array of 10 pointers to char
	1050
	1051	new_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1052	new_variable_declaration pop ';'
	1053	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1054	\| new_function_declaration pop ';'
	1055	\| type_declaring_list pop ';'
[4040425]	1056	\| trait_specifier pop ';'
[4d51835]	1057	;
[b87a5ed]	1058
	1059	new_variable_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1060	new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
	1061	{
	1062	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1063	$$ = $1->addInitializer( $2 );
[4d51835]	1064	}
	1065	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_variable_specifier initializer_opt
[de62360d]	1066	// declaration_qualifier_list also includes type_qualifier_list, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude
	1067	// them as a type_qualifier cannot appear in that context.
[4d51835]	1068	{
	1069	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1070	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addInitializer( $3 );;
[4d51835]	1071	}
[2871210]	1072	\| new_variable_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name initializer_opt
[4d51835]	1073	{
	1074	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
[3cfe27f]	1075	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 )->addInitializer( $6 ) );
[4d51835]	1076	}
	1077	;
[b87a5ed]	1078
	1079	new_variable_specifier: // CFA
[de62360d]	1080	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
	1081	// storage-class
[2871210]	1082	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1083	{
	1084	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	1085	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	1086	}
[2871210]	1087	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1088	{
	1089	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$2 );
	1090	$$ = $1->addName( $2 );
	1091	}
[2871210]	1092	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name asm_name_opt
[4d51835]	1093	{
	1094	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$3 );
	1095	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addName( $3 );
	1096	}
	1097	;
[b87a5ed]	1098
	1099	new_function_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1100	new_function_specifier
	1101	{
	1102	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1103	$$ = $1;
	1104	}
	1105	\| type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1106	{
	1107	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1108	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1109	}
	1110	\| declaration_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1111	{
	1112	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1113	$$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 );
	1114	}
	1115	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list new_function_specifier
	1116	{
	1117	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	1118	$$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $2 );
	1119	}
[2871210]	1120	\| new_function_declaration pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1121	{
	1122	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
	1123	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1124	}
	1125	;
[b87a5ed]	1126
	1127	new_function_specifier: // CFA
[2871210]	1128	'[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // S/R conflict
[4d51835]	1129	{
[2871210]	1130	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $3, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $6, 0, true );
[4d51835]	1131	}
[2871210]	1132	// '[' ']' identifier '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1133	// {
	1134	// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
	1135	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1136	// }
	1137	// \| '[' ']' TYPEDEFname '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	1138	// {
	1139	// typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$5 );
	1140	// $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $5, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $8, 0, true );
	1141	// }
	1142	// \| '[' ']' typegen_name
	1143	// identifier_or_type_name must be broken apart because of the sequence:
[4d51835]	1144	//
[2871210]	1145	// '[' ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[4d51835]	1146	// '[' ']' type_specifier
	1147	//
[2871210]	1148	// type_specifier can resolve to just TYPEDEFname (e.g., typedef int T; int f( T );). Therefore this must be
	1149	// flattened to allow lookahead to the '(' without having to reduce identifier_or_type_name.
	1150	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[de62360d]	1151	// To obtain LR(1 ), this rule must be factored out from function return type (see new_abstract_declarator).
[4d51835]	1152	{
	1153	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1154	}
[2871210]	1155	\| new_function_return identifier_or_type_name '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
[4d51835]	1156	{
	1157	$$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( $2, $1, $5, 0, true );
	1158	}
	1159	;
[b87a5ed]	1160
	1161	new_function_return: // CFA
[4d51835]	1162	'[' push new_parameter_list pop ']'
	1163	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	1164	\| '[' push new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
[de62360d]	1165	// To obtain LR(1 ), the last new_abstract_parameter_list is added into this flattened rule to lookahead to the
	1166	// ']'.
[4d51835]	1167	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3->appendList( $7 ) ); }
	1168	;
[b87a5ed]	1169
	1170	new_typedef_declaration: // CFA
[4d51835]	1171	TYPEDEF new_variable_specifier
	1172	{
[de62360d]	1173	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1174	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1175	}
	1176	\| TYPEDEF new_function_specifier
	1177	{
[de62360d]	1178	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1179	$$ = $2->addTypedef();
	1180	}
	1181	\| new_typedef_declaration pop ',' push no_attr_identifier
	1182	{
[de62360d]	1183	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1184	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1185	}
	1186	;
[b87a5ed]	1187
[de62360d]	1188	// Traditionally typedef is part of storage-class specifier for syntactic convenience only. Here, it is factored out as
	1189	// a separate form of declaration, which syntactically precludes storage-class specifiers and initialization.
[51b73452]	1190
	1191	typedef_declaration:
[4d51835]	1192	TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator
	1193	{
[de62360d]	1194	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1195	$$ = $3->addType( $2 )->addTypedef();
	1196	}
	1197	\| typedef_declaration pop ',' push declarator
	1198	{
[de62360d]	1199	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1200	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 )->addTypedef() );
	1201	}
[de62360d]	1202	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEF type_specifier declarator // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
[4d51835]	1203	{
[de62360d]	1204	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1205	$$ = $4->addType( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1206	}
	1207	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF declarator
	1208	{
[de62360d]	1209	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1210	$$ = $3->addType( $1 )->addTypedef();
	1211	}
	1212	\| type_specifier TYPEDEF type_qualifier_list declarator
	1213	{
[de62360d]	1214	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::TD );
	1215	$$ = $4->addQualifiers( $1 )->addTypedef()->addType( $1 );
[4d51835]	1216	}
	1217	;
[b87a5ed]	1218
[721f17a]	1219	typedef_expression:
	1220	// GCC, naming expression type: typedef name = exp; gives a name to the type of an expression
[4d51835]	1221	TYPEDEF no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1222	{
[de62360d]	1223	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1224	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1225	}
	1226	\| typedef_expression pop ',' push no_attr_identifier '=' assignment_expression
	1227	{
[de62360d]	1228	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$5, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1229	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); // XXX
	1230	}
	1231	;
[51b73452]	1232
	1233	old_declaration:
[4d51835]	1234	declaring_list pop ';'
	1235	\| typedef_declaration pop ';'
	1236	\| typedef_expression pop ';' // GCC, naming expression type
	1237	\| sue_declaration_specifier pop ';'
	1238	;
[51b73452]	1239
	1240	declaring_list:
[de62360d]	1241	// A semantic check is required to ensure asm_name only appears on declarations with implicit or explicit static
	1242	// storage-class
[4d51835]	1243	declaration_specifier declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1244	{
	1245	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1246	$$ = ( $2->addType( $1 ))->addInitializer( $4 );
[4d51835]	1247	}
	1248	\| declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt declarator asm_name_opt initializer_opt
	1249	{
	1250	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1251	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4->addInitializer( $6 ) ) );
[4d51835]	1252	}
	1253	;
[b87a5ed]	1254
	1255	declaration_specifier: // type specifier + storage class
[4d51835]	1256	basic_declaration_specifier
	1257	\| sue_declaration_specifier
	1258	\| typedef_declaration_specifier
	1259	\| typegen_declaration_specifier
	1260	;
[b87a5ed]	1261
	1262	type_specifier: // declaration specifier - storage class
[4d51835]	1263	basic_type_specifier
	1264	\| sue_type_specifier
	1265	\| typedef_type_specifier
	1266	\| typegen_type_specifier
	1267	;
[b87a5ed]	1268
	1269	type_qualifier_list_opt: // GCC, used in asm_statement
[4d51835]	1270	// empty
	1271	{ $$ = 0; }
	1272	\| type_qualifier_list
	1273	;
[51b73452]	1274
	1275	type_qualifier_list:
[de62360d]	1276	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a type qualifier is appropriate for the kind of declaration.
[4d51835]	1277	//
[de62360d]	1278	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.3(4 ) : If the same qualifier appears more than once in the same
	1279	// specifier-qualifier-list, either directly or via one or more typedefs, the behavior is the same as if it
	1280	// appeared only once.
[4d51835]	1281	type_qualifier
	1282	\| type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
	1283	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1284	;
[51b73452]	1285
	1286	type_qualifier:
[4d51835]	1287	type_qualifier_name
	1288	\| attribute
[c1c1112]	1289	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
[4d51835]	1290	;
[51b73452]	1291
	1292	type_qualifier_name:
[4d51835]	1293	CONST
	1294	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Const ); }
	1295	\| RESTRICT
	1296	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Restrict ); }
	1297	\| VOLATILE
	1298	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Volatile ); }
	1299	\| LVALUE // CFA
	1300	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Lvalue ); }
	1301	\| ATOMIC
	1302	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Atomic ); }
	1303	\| FORALL '('
	1304	{
	1305	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1306	}
	1307	type_parameter_list ')' // CFA
	1308	{
	1309	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	1310	$$ = DeclarationNode::newForall( $4 );
	1311	}
	1312	;
[51b73452]	1313
	1314	declaration_qualifier_list:
[4d51835]	1315	storage_class_list
[de62360d]	1316	\| type_qualifier_list storage_class_list // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2 )
[4d51835]	1317	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1318	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list storage_class_list
	1319	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1320	;
[51b73452]	1321
	1322	storage_class_list:
[de62360d]	1323	// A semantic check is necessary to ensure a storage class is appropriate for the kind of declaration and that
	1324	// only one of each is specified, except for inline, which can appear with the others.
[4d51835]	1325	//
[de62360d]	1326	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.1(2) : At most, one storage-class specifier may be given in the declaration
	1327	// specifiers in a declaration.
[4d51835]	1328	storage_class
	1329	\| storage_class_list storage_class
	1330	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1331	;
[51b73452]	1332
	1333	storage_class:
[4d51835]	1334	EXTERN
	1335	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Extern ); }
	1336	\| STATIC
	1337	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Static ); }
	1338	\| AUTO
	1339	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Auto ); }
	1340	\| REGISTER
	1341	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Register ); }
	1342	\| INLINE // C99
[c1c1112]	1343	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Inline ); }
	1344	{ $$ = new DeclarationNode; $$->isInline = true; }
[4d51835]	1345	\| FORTRAN // C99
	1346	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Fortran ); }
[68cd1ce]	1347	\| NORETURN // C11
[c1c1112]	1348	//{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Noreturn ); }
	1349	{ $$ = new DeclarationNode; $$->isNoreturn = true; }
[68cd1ce]	1350	\| THREADLOCAL // C11
	1351	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newStorageClass( DeclarationNode::Threadlocal ); }
[4d51835]	1352	;
[51b73452]	1353
	1354	basic_type_name:
[4d51835]	1355	CHAR
	1356	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Char ); }
	1357	\| DOUBLE
	1358	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Double ); }
	1359	\| FLOAT
	1360	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Float ); }
	1361	\| INT
	1362	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int ); }
	1363	\| LONG
	1364	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Long ); }
	1365	\| SHORT
	1366	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Short ); }
	1367	\| SIGNED
	1368	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Signed ); }
	1369	\| UNSIGNED
	1370	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newModifier( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ); }
	1371	\| VOID
	1372	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Void ); }
	1373	\| BOOL // C99
	1374	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Bool ); }
	1375	\| COMPLEX // C99
	1376	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Complex ); }
	1377	\| IMAGINARY // C99
	1378	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Imaginary ); }
[90c3b1c]	1379	\| VALIST // GCC, __builtin_va_list
	1380	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBuiltinType( DeclarationNode::Valist ); }
[4d51835]	1381	;
[51b73452]	1382
	1383	basic_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1384	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting storage classes.
	1385	basic_type_specifier
	1386	\| declaration_qualifier_list basic_type_specifier
	1387	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1388	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1389	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1390	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1391	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1392	\| basic_declaration_specifier storage_class basic_type_specifier
	1393	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $2 )->addType( $1 ); }
	1394	;
[51b73452]	1395
	1396	basic_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1397	direct_type_name
	1398	\| type_qualifier_list_opt indirect_type_name type_qualifier_list_opt
	1399	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1400	;
[51b73452]	1401
	1402	direct_type_name:
[4d51835]	1403	// A semantic check is necessary for conflicting type qualifiers.
	1404	basic_type_name
	1405	\| type_qualifier_list basic_type_name
	1406	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1407	\| direct_type_name type_qualifier
	1408	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1409	\| direct_type_name basic_type_name
	1410	{ $$ = $1->addType( $2 ); }
	1411	;
[51b73452]	1412
	1413	indirect_type_name:
[4d51835]	1414	TYPEOF '(' type_name ')' // GCC: typeof(x) y;
	1415	{ $$ = $3; }
	1416	\| TYPEOF '(' comma_expression ')' // GCC: typeof(a+b) y;
	1417	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeof( $3 ); }
	1418	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' type_name ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(x) y;
	1419	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1420	\| ATTR_TYPEGENname '(' comma_expression ')' // CFA: e.g., @type(a+b) y;
	1421	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAttr( $1, $3 ); }
	1422	;
[51b73452]	1423
	1424	sue_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1425	sue_type_specifier
	1426	\| declaration_qualifier_list sue_type_specifier
	1427	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1428	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1429	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1430	\| sue_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1431	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1432	;
[51b73452]	1433
	1434	sue_type_specifier:
[4d51835]	1435	elaborated_type_name // struct, union, enum
	1436	\| type_qualifier_list elaborated_type_name
	1437	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1438	\| sue_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1439	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1440	;
[51b73452]	1441
	1442	typedef_declaration_specifier:
[4d51835]	1443	typedef_type_specifier
	1444	\| declaration_qualifier_list typedef_type_specifier
	1445	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1446	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1447	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1448	\| typedef_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1449	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1450	;
[b87a5ed]	1451
	1452	typedef_type_specifier: // typedef types
[4d51835]	1453	TYPEDEFname
	1454	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $1 ); }
	1455	\| type_qualifier_list TYPEDEFname
	1456	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypedef( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1457	\| typedef_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1458	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1459	;
[51b73452]	1460
	1461	elaborated_type_name:
[4d51835]	1462	aggregate_name
	1463	\| enum_name
	1464	;
[51b73452]	1465
	1466	aggregate_name:
[4d51835]	1467	aggregate_key '{' field_declaration_list '}'
[5d125e4]	1468	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, 0, $3, true ); }
[2871210]	1469	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[45161b4d]	1470	{
	1471	typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 );
[5d125e4]	1472	$$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, 0, false );
[45161b4d]	1473	}
	1474	\| aggregate_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1475	{ typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 ); }
	1476	'{' field_declaration_list '}'
[5d125e4]	1477	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, $2, 0, $5, true ); }
[721f17a]	1478	\| aggregate_key '(' type_name_list ')' '{' field_declaration_list '}' // CFA
[5d125e4]	1479	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newAggregate( $1, 0, $3, $6, false ); }
[2871210]	1480	\| aggregate_key typegen_name // CFA, S/R conflict
	1481	{ $$ = $2; }
[4d51835]	1482	;
[51b73452]	1483
	1484	aggregate_key:
[4d51835]	1485	STRUCT attribute_list_opt
	1486	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Struct; }
	1487	\| UNION attribute_list_opt
	1488	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Union; }
	1489	;
[51b73452]	1490
	1491	field_declaration_list:
[5d125e4]	1492	// empty
	1493	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	1494	\| field_declaration_list field_declaration
[5d125e4]	1495	{ $$ = $1 != 0 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
[4d51835]	1496	;
[51b73452]	1497
	1498	field_declaration:
[4d51835]	1499	new_field_declaring_list ';' // CFA, new style field declaration
	1500	\| EXTENSION new_field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
[ca35c51]	1501	{ $$ = $2->set_extension( true ); }
[4d51835]	1502	\| field_declaring_list ';'
	1503	\| EXTENSION field_declaring_list ';' // GCC
[8e9cbb2]	1504	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	1505	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	1506	iter->set_extension( true );
	1507	$$ = $2;
	1508	}
[4d51835]	1509	;
[b87a5ed]	1510
	1511	new_field_declaring_list: // CFA, new style field declaration
[4d51835]	1512	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA, no field name
[2871210]	1513	\| new_abstract_declarator_tuple no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1514	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1515	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1516	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $3 ) ); }
	1517	\| new_field_declaring_list ',' // CFA, no field name
	1518	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( 0 ) ); }
	1519	;
[51b73452]	1520
	1521	field_declaring_list:
[4d51835]	1522	type_specifier field_declarator
	1523	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1524	\| field_declaring_list ',' attribute_list_opt field_declarator
	1525	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $4 ) ); }
	1526	;
[51b73452]	1527
	1528	field_declarator:
[4d51835]	1529	// empty
	1530	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( 0 ); /* XXX */ } // CFA, no field name
	1531	\| bit_subrange_size // no field name
	1532	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newBitfield( $1 ); }
	1533	\| variable_declarator bit_subrange_size_opt
	1534	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1535	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
[c6b1105]	1536	\| variable_type_redeclarator bit_subrange_size_opt
[4d51835]	1537	// A semantic check is required to ensure bit_subrange only appears on base type int.
	1538	{ $$ = $1->addBitfield( $2 ); }
	1539	\| variable_abstract_declarator // CFA, no field name
	1540	;
[51b73452]	1541
	1542	bit_subrange_size_opt:
[4d51835]	1543	// empty
	1544	{ $$ = 0; }
	1545	\| bit_subrange_size
	1546	{ $$ = $1; }
	1547	;
[51b73452]	1548
	1549	bit_subrange_size:
[4d51835]	1550	':' constant_expression
	1551	{ $$ = $2; }
	1552	;
[51b73452]	1553
	1554	enum_key:
[4d51835]	1555	ENUM attribute_list_opt
	1556	;
[51b73452]	1557
	1558	enum_name:
[4d51835]	1559	enum_key '{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1560	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( 0, $3 ); }
[2871210]	1561	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[45161b4d]	1562	{
	1563	typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 );
	1564	$$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, 0 );
	1565	}
	1566	\| enum_key no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1567	{ typedefTable.makeTypedef( *$2 ); }
	1568	'{' enumerator_list comma_opt '}'
	1569	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnum( $2, $5 ); }
[4d51835]	1570	;
[51b73452]	1571
	1572	enumerator_list:
[2871210]	1573	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
[4d51835]	1574	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $1, $2 ); }
[2871210]	1575	\| enumerator_list ',' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name enumerator_value_opt
[4d51835]	1576	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newEnumConstant( $3, $4 ) ); }
	1577	;
[51b73452]	1578
	1579	enumerator_value_opt:
[4d51835]	1580	// empty
	1581	{ $$ = 0; }
	1582	\| '=' constant_expression
	1583	{ $$ = $2; }
	1584	;
[51b73452]	1585
[c11e31c]	1586	// Minimum of one parameter after which ellipsis is allowed only at the end.
[51b73452]	1587
[b87a5ed]	1588	new_parameter_type_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1589	// empty
	1590	{ $$ = 0; }
	1591	\| new_parameter_type_list
	1592	;
[b87a5ed]	1593
	1594	new_parameter_type_list: // CFA, abstract + real
[4d51835]	1595	new_abstract_parameter_list
	1596	\| new_parameter_list
	1597	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list
	1598	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1599	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1600	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1601	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1602	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1603	;
[b87a5ed]	1604
	1605	new_parameter_list: // CFA
[de62360d]	1606	// To obtain LR(1) between new_parameter_list and new_abstract_tuple, the last new_abstract_parameter_list is
	1607	// factored out from new_parameter_list, flattening the rules to get lookahead to the ']'.
[4d51835]	1608	new_parameter_declaration
	1609	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1610	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1611	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1612	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1613	\| new_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_parameter_declaration
	1614	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 )->appendList( $9 ); }
	1615	;
[b87a5ed]	1616
	1617	new_abstract_parameter_list: // CFA, new & old style abstract
[4d51835]	1618	new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1619	\| new_abstract_parameter_list pop ',' push new_abstract_parameter_declaration
	1620	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1621	;
[51b73452]	1622
	1623	parameter_type_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1624	// empty
	1625	{ $$ = 0; }
	1626	\| parameter_type_list
	1627	;
[51b73452]	1628
	1629	parameter_type_list:
[4d51835]	1630	parameter_list
	1631	\| parameter_list pop ',' push ELLIPSIS
	1632	{ $$ = $1->addVarArgs(); }
	1633	;
[b87a5ed]	1634
	1635	parameter_list: // abstract + real
[4d51835]	1636	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1637	\| parameter_declaration
	1638	\| parameter_list pop ',' push abstract_parameter_declaration
	1639	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1640	\| parameter_list pop ',' push parameter_declaration
	1641	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $5 ); }
	1642	;
[51b73452]	1643
[de62360d]	1644	// Provides optional identifier names (abstract_declarator/variable_declarator), no initialization, different semantics
[2871210]	1645	// for typedef name by using type_parameter_redeclarator instead of typedef_redeclarator, and function prototypes.
[51b73452]	1646
[b87a5ed]	1647	new_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1648	parameter_declaration
[2871210]	1649	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1650	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1651	\| new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1652	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1653	{ $$ = $1->addName( $2 ); }
[2871210]	1654	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1655	{ $$ = $2->addName( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1656	\| new_function_specifier
	1657	;
[b87a5ed]	1658
	1659	new_abstract_parameter_declaration: // CFA, new & old style parameter declaration
[4d51835]	1660	abstract_parameter_declaration
	1661	\| new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	1662	\| new_abstract_tuple
	1663	// To obtain LR(1), these rules must be duplicated here (see new_abstract_declarator).
	1664	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	1665	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1666	\| new_abstract_function
	1667	;
[51b73452]	1668
	1669	parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1670	declaration_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator assignment_opt
	1671	{
	1672	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1673	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
[4d51835]	1674	}
[2871210]	1675	\| declaration_specifier type_parameter_redeclarator assignment_opt
[4d51835]	1676	{
	1677	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
[de62360d]	1678	$$ = $2->addType( $1 )->addInitializer( new InitializerNode( $3 ) );
[4d51835]	1679	}
	1680	;
[51b73452]	1681
	1682	abstract_parameter_declaration:
[4d51835]	1683	declaration_specifier
	1684	\| declaration_specifier abstract_parameter_declarator
	1685	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1686	;
[51b73452]	1687
[c11e31c]	1688	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.9.1(6) : "An identifier declared as a typedef name shall not be redeclared as a
[de62360d]	1689	// parameter." Because the scope of the K&R-style parameter-list sees the typedef first, the following is based only on
	1690	// identifiers. The ANSI-style parameter-list can redefine a typedef name.
[51b73452]	1691
[b87a5ed]	1692	identifier_list: // K&R-style parameter list => no types
[4d51835]	1693	no_attr_identifier
	1694	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 ); }
	1695	\| identifier_list ',' no_attr_identifier
	1696	{ $$ = $1->appendList( DeclarationNode::newName( $3 ) ); }
	1697	;
[51b73452]	1698
[2871210]	1699	identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1700	identifier
	1701	\| TYPEDEFname
	1702	\| TYPEGENname
	1703	;
[51b73452]	1704
[2871210]	1705	no_01_identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1706	no_01_identifier
	1707	\| TYPEDEFname
	1708	\| TYPEGENname
	1709	;
[51b73452]	1710
[2871210]	1711	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name:
[4d51835]	1712	no_attr_identifier
	1713	\| TYPEDEFname
[721f17a]	1714	\| TYPEGENname
[4d51835]	1715	;
[b87a5ed]	1716
	1717	type_name_no_function: // sizeof, alignof, cast (constructor)
[4d51835]	1718	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1719	\| type_specifier
	1720	\| type_specifier variable_abstract_declarator
	1721	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1722	;
[b87a5ed]	1723
	1724	type_name: // typeof, assertion
[4d51835]	1725	new_abstract_declarator_tuple // CFA
	1726	\| new_abstract_function // CFA
	1727	\| type_specifier
	1728	\| type_specifier abstract_declarator
	1729	{ $$ = $2->addType( $1 ); }
	1730	;
[51b73452]	1731
	1732	initializer_opt:
[4d51835]	1733	// empty
	1734	{ $$ = 0; }
[2871210]	1735	\| '=' initializer
	1736	{ $$ = $2; }
[097e2b0]	1737	\| ATassign initializer
[974906e2]	1738	{ $$ = $2->set_maybeConstructed( false ); }
[4d51835]	1739	;
[51b73452]	1740
	1741	initializer:
[de62360d]	1742	assignment_expression { $$ = new InitializerNode( $1 ); }
	1743	\| '{' initializer_list comma_opt '}' { $$ = new InitializerNode( $2, true ); }
[4d51835]	1744	;
[51b73452]	1745
	1746	initializer_list:
[097e2b0]	1747	// empty
	1748	{ $$ = 0; }
	1749	\| initializer
[4d51835]	1750	\| designation initializer { $$ = $2->set_designators( $1 ); }
[1d4580a]	1751	\| initializer_list ',' initializer { $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1752	\| initializer_list ',' designation initializer
[1d4580a]	1753	{ $$ = (InitializerNode *)( $1->set_last( $4->set_designators( $3 ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	1754	;
[b87a5ed]	1755
[de62360d]	1756	// There is an unreconcileable parsing problem between C99 and CFA with respect to designators. The problem is use of
	1757	// '=' to separator the designator from the initializer value, as in:
[c11e31c]	1758	//
[b87a5ed]	1759	// int x[10] = { [1] = 3 };
[c11e31c]	1760	//
[de62360d]	1761	// The string "[1] = 3" can be parsed as a designator assignment or a tuple assignment. To disambiguate this case, CFA
	1762	// changes the syntax from "=" to ":" as the separator between the designator and initializer. GCC does uses ":" for
	1763	// field selection. The optional use of the "=" in GCC, or in this case ":", cannot be supported either due to
	1764	// shift/reduce conflicts
[51b73452]	1765
	1766	designation:
[4d51835]	1767	designator_list ':' // C99, CFA uses ":" instead of "="
[2871210]	1768	\| no_attr_identifier_or_type_name ':' // GCC, field name
[d1625f8]	1769	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1770	;
[51b73452]	1771
[b87a5ed]	1772	designator_list: // C99
[4d51835]	1773	designator
[2871210]	1774	\| designator_list designator
[1d4580a]	1775	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $2 ) ); }
[d1625f8]	1776	//\| designator_list designator { $$ = new ExpressionNode( $1, $2 ); }
[4d51835]	1777	;
[51b73452]	1778
	1779	designator:
[d1625f8]	1780	'.' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name // C99, field name
	1781	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_varref( $2 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1782	\| '[' push assignment_expression pop ']' // C99, single array element
[de62360d]	1783	// assignment_expression used instead of constant_expression because of shift/reduce conflicts with tuple.
[d1625f8]	1784	{ $$ = $3; }
[4d51835]	1785	\| '[' push subrange pop ']' // CFA, multiple array elements
[d1625f8]	1786	{ $$ = $3; }
[4d51835]	1787	\| '[' push constant_expression ELLIPSIS constant_expression pop ']' // GCC, multiple array elements
[d1625f8]	1788	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $3, $5 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1789	\| '.' '[' push field_list pop ']' // CFA, tuple field selector
[d1625f8]	1790	{ $$ = $4; }
[4d51835]	1791	;
[51b73452]	1792
[de62360d]	1793	// The CFA type system is based on parametric polymorphism, the ability to declare functions with type parameters,
	1794	// rather than an object-oriented type system. This required four groups of extensions:
[c11e31c]	1795	//
	1796	// Overloading: function, data, and operator identifiers may be overloaded.
	1797	//
[de62360d]	1798	// Type declarations: "type" is used to generate new types for declaring objects. Similarly, "dtype" is used for object
	1799	// and incomplete types, and "ftype" is used for function types. Type declarations with initializers provide
	1800	// definitions of new types. Type declarations with storage class "extern" provide opaque types.
[c11e31c]	1801	//
[de62360d]	1802	// Polymorphic functions: A forall clause declares a type parameter. The corresponding argument is inferred at the call
	1803	// site. A polymorphic function is not a template; it is a function, with an address and a type.
[c11e31c]	1804	//
	1805	// Specifications and Assertions: Specifications are collections of declarations parameterized by one or more
[de62360d]	1806	// types. They serve many of the purposes of abstract classes, and specification hierarchies resemble subclass
	1807	// hierarchies. Unlike classes, they can define relationships between types. Assertions declare that a type or
	1808	// types provide the operations declared by a specification. Assertions are normally used to declare requirements
	1809	// on type arguments of polymorphic functions.
[c11e31c]	1810
[b87a5ed]	1811	typegen_declaration_specifier: // CFA
[4d51835]	1812	typegen_type_specifier
	1813	\| declaration_qualifier_list typegen_type_specifier
	1814	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1815	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class // remaining OBSOLESCENT (see 2)
	1816	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1817	\| typegen_declaration_specifier storage_class type_qualifier_list
	1818	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $3 ); }
	1819	;
[b87a5ed]	1820
	1821	typegen_type_specifier: // CFA
[2871210]	1822	typegen_name
	1823	\| type_qualifier_list typegen_name
	1824	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	1825	\| typegen_type_specifier type_qualifier
	1826	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
	1827	;
[b87a5ed]	1828
[2871210]	1829	typegen_name: // CFA
	1830	TYPEGENname '(' type_name_list ')'
	1831	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFromTypeGen( $1, $3 ); }
	1832	;
	1833
[b87a5ed]	1834	type_parameter_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1835	type_parameter assignment_opt
	1836	\| type_parameter_list ',' type_parameter assignment_opt
	1837	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1838	;
[b87a5ed]	1839
	1840	type_parameter: // CFA
[2871210]	1841	type_class no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
	1842	{ typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::TD ); }
[4d51835]	1843	assertion_list_opt
	1844	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeParam( $1, $2 )->addAssertions( $4 ); }
	1845	\| type_specifier identifier_parameter_declarator
	1846	;
[b87a5ed]	1847
	1848	type_class: // CFA
[4040425]	1849	OTYPE
[4d51835]	1850	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Type; }
	1851	\| DTYPE
	1852	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Ftype; }
	1853	\| FTYPE
	1854	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::Dtype; }
	1855	;
[b87a5ed]	1856
	1857	assertion_list_opt: // CFA
[4d51835]	1858	// empty
	1859	{ $$ = 0; }
	1860	\| assertion_list_opt assertion
[4e06c1e]	1861	{ $$ = $1 != 0 ? $1->appendList( $2 ) : $2; }
[4d51835]	1862	;
[b87a5ed]	1863
	1864	assertion: // CFA
[2871210]	1865	'\|' no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' type_name_list ')'
[4d51835]	1866	{
[4040425]	1867	typedefTable.openTrait( *$2 );
	1868	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTraitUse( $2, $4 );
[4d51835]	1869	}
[4040425]	1870	\| '\|' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}'
[4d51835]	1871	{ $$ = $4; }
[4040425]	1872	\| '\|' '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' push trait_declaration_list '}' '(' type_name_list ')'
[4d51835]	1873	{ $$ = 0; }
	1874	;
[b87a5ed]	1875
	1876	type_name_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1877	type_name
[d1625f8]	1878	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_typevalue( $1 ) ); }
[4d51835]	1879	\| assignment_expression
	1880	\| type_name_list ',' type_name
[1d4580a]	1881	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( new ExpressionNode( build_typevalue( $3 ) ) ) ); }
[4d51835]	1882	\| type_name_list ',' assignment_expression
[1d4580a]	1883	{ $$ = (ExpressionNode *)( $1->set_last( $3 )); }
[4d51835]	1884	;
[b87a5ed]	1885
	1886	type_declaring_list: // CFA
[4040425]	1887	OTYPE type_declarator
[4d51835]	1888	{ $$ = $2; }
[4040425]	1889	\| storage_class_list OTYPE type_declarator
[4d51835]	1890	{ $$ = $3->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	1891	\| type_declaring_list ',' type_declarator
	1892	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3->copyStorageClasses( $1 ) ); }
	1893	;
[b87a5ed]	1894
	1895	type_declarator: // CFA
[4d51835]	1896	type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt
	1897	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 ); }
	1898	\| type_declarator_name assertion_list_opt '=' type_name
	1899	{ $$ = $1->addAssertions( $2 )->addType( $4 ); }
	1900	;
[b87a5ed]	1901
	1902	type_declarator_name: // CFA
[2871210]	1903	no_attr_identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1904	{
[de62360d]	1905	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TD );
[4d51835]	1906	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, 0 );
	1907	}
[2871210]	1908	\| no_01_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')'
[4d51835]	1909	{
[de62360d]	1910	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$1, TypedefTable::TG );
[4d51835]	1911	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTypeDecl( $1, $4 );
	1912	}
	1913	;
[b87a5ed]	1914
[4040425]	1915	trait_specifier: // CFA
	1916	TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{' '}'
[4d51835]	1917	{
[de62360d]	1918	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
[4040425]	1919	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, 0 );
[4d51835]	1920	}
[4040425]	1921	\| TRAIT no_attr_identifier_or_type_name '(' push type_parameter_list pop ')' '{'
[4d51835]	1922	{
[4040425]	1923	typedefTable.enterTrait( *$2 );
[4d51835]	1924	typedefTable.enterScope();
	1925	}
[4040425]	1926	trait_declaration_list '}'
[4d51835]	1927	{
[4040425]	1928	typedefTable.leaveTrait();
[de62360d]	1929	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( *$2, TypedefTable::ID );
[4040425]	1930	$$ = DeclarationNode::newTrait( $2, $5, $10 );
[4d51835]	1931	}
	1932	;
[b87a5ed]	1933
[4040425]	1934	trait_declaration_list: // CFA
	1935	trait_declaration
	1936	\| trait_declaration_list push trait_declaration
[4d51835]	1937	{ $$ = $1->appendList( $3 ); }
	1938	;
[b87a5ed]	1939
[4040425]	1940	trait_declaration: // CFA
	1941	new_trait_declaring_list pop ';'
	1942	\| trait_declaring_list pop ';'
[4d51835]	1943	;
[b87a5ed]	1944
[4040425]	1945	new_trait_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1946	new_variable_specifier
	1947	{
	1948	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1949	$$ = $1;
	1950	}
	1951	\| new_function_specifier
	1952	{
	1953	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1954	$$ = $1;
	1955	}
[4040425]	1956	\| new_trait_declaring_list pop ',' push identifier_or_type_name
[4d51835]	1957	{
[de62360d]	1958	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( *$5, TypedefTable::ID );
[4d51835]	1959	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneType( $5 ) );
	1960	}
	1961	;
[b87a5ed]	1962
[4040425]	1963	trait_declaring_list: // CFA
[4d51835]	1964	type_specifier declarator
	1965	{
	1966	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1967	$$ = $2->addType( $1 );
	1968	}
[4040425]	1969	\| trait_declaring_list pop ',' push declarator
[4d51835]	1970	{
	1971	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope2( TypedefTable::ID );
	1972	$$ = $1->appendList( $1->cloneBaseType( $5 ) );
	1973	}
	1974	;
[51b73452]	1975
[c11e31c]	1976	//*************************** EXTERNAL DEFINITIONS ***************************
[51b73452]	1977
	1978	translation_unit:
[4d51835]	1979	// empty
	1980	{} // empty input file
	1981	\| external_definition_list
[926af74]	1982	{ parseTree = parseTree != nullptr ? parseTree->appendList( $1 ) : $1; }
[4d51835]	1983	;
[51b73452]	1984
	1985	external_definition_list:
[4d51835]	1986	external_definition
	1987	\| external_definition_list push external_definition
[926af74]	1988	{ $$ = $1 != nullptr ? $1->appendList( $3 ) : $3; }
[4d51835]	1989	;
[51b73452]	1990
	1991	external_definition_list_opt:
[4d51835]	1992	// empty
	1993	{ $$ = 0; }
	1994	\| external_definition_list
	1995	;
[51b73452]	1996
	1997	external_definition:
[4d51835]	1998	declaration
	1999	\| external_function_definition
	2000	\| asm_statement // GCC, global assembler statement
	2001	{}
	2002	\| EXTERN STRINGliteral
	2003	{
[3b8e52c]	2004	linkageStack.push( linkage ); // handle nested extern "C"/"Cforall"
[ab57786]	2005	linkage = LinkageSpec::fromString( *$2 );
[4d51835]	2006	}
	2007	'{' external_definition_list_opt '}' // C++-style linkage specifier
	2008	{
	2009	linkage = linkageStack.top();
	2010	linkageStack.pop();
	2011	$$ = $5;
	2012	}
	2013	\| EXTENSION external_definition
[8e9cbb2]	2014	{ // mark all fields in list
[926af74]	2015	for ( DeclarationNode iter = $2; iter != nullptr; iter = (DeclarationNode )iter->get_next() )
[8e9cbb2]	2016	iter->set_extension( true );
	2017	$$ = $2;
	2018	}
[4d51835]	2019	;
	2020
	2021	external_function_definition:
	2022	function_definition
[de62360d]	2023	// These rules are a concession to the "implicit int" type_specifier because there is a significant amount of
[c6b1105]	2024	// legacy code with global functions missing the type-specifier for the return type, and assuming "int".
	2025	// Parsing is possible because function_definition does not appear in the context of an expression (nested
	2026	// functions preclude this concession, i.e., all nested function must have a return type). A function prototype
	2027	// declaration must still have a type_specifier. OBSOLESCENT (see 1)
[4d51835]	2028	\| function_declarator compound_statement
	2029	{
	2030	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2031	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2032	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	2033	}
	2034	\| old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2035	{
	2036	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2037	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2038	$$ = $1->addOldDeclList( $3 )->addFunctionBody( $4 );
	2039	}
	2040	;
[51b73452]	2041
	2042	function_definition:
[4d51835]	2043	new_function_declaration compound_statement // CFA
	2044	{
	2045	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2046	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2047	$$ = $1->addFunctionBody( $2 );
	2048	}
	2049	\| declaration_specifier function_declarator compound_statement
	2050	{
	2051	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2052	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2053	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addType( $1 );
	2054	}
	2055	\| type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2056	{
	2057	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2058	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2059	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2060	}
	2061	\| declaration_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2062	{
	2063	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2064	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2065	$$ = $2->addFunctionBody( $3 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2066	}
	2067	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list function_declarator compound_statement
	2068	{
	2069	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2070	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2071	$$ = $3->addFunctionBody( $4 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2072	}
	2073
	2074	// Old-style K&R function definition, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	2075	\| declaration_specifier old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2076	{
	2077	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2078	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2079	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addType( $1 );
	2080	}
	2081	\| type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2082	{
	2083	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2084	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2085	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2086	}
	2087
	2088	// Old-style K&R function definition with "implicit int" type_specifier, OBSOLESCENT (see 4)
	2089	\| declaration_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2090	{
	2091	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2092	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2093	$$ = $2->addOldDeclList( $4 )->addFunctionBody( $5 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2094	}
	2095	\| declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator push old_declaration_list_opt compound_statement
	2096	{
	2097	typedefTable.addToEnclosingScope( TypedefTable::ID );
	2098	typedefTable.leaveScope();
	2099	$$ = $3->addOldDeclList( $5 )->addFunctionBody( $6 )->addQualifiers( $2 )->addQualifiers( $1 );
	2100	}
	2101	;
[51b73452]	2102
	2103	declarator:
[4d51835]	2104	variable_declarator
[c6b1105]	2105	\| variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2106	\| function_declarator
	2107	;
[51b73452]	2108
	2109	subrange:
[4d51835]	2110	constant_expression '~' constant_expression // CFA, integer subrange
[d1625f8]	2111	{ $$ = new ExpressionNode( build_range( $1, $3 ) ); }
[4d51835]	2112	;
[b87a5ed]	2113
	2114	asm_name_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2115	// empty
[c1c1112]	2116	\| ASM '(' string_literal_list ')' attribute_list_opt { delete $3; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2117	;
[b87a5ed]	2118
	2119	attribute_list_opt: // GCC
[4d51835]	2120	// empty
[1db21619]	2121	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	2122	\| attribute_list
	2123	;
[b87a5ed]	2124
	2125	attribute_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2126	attribute
	2127	\| attribute_list attribute
[1db21619]	2128	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
[4d51835]	2129	;
[b87a5ed]	2130
	2131	attribute: // GCC
[4d51835]	2132	ATTRIBUTE '(' '(' attribute_parameter_list ')' ')'
[1db21619]	2133	// { $$ = DeclarationNode::newQualifier( DeclarationNode::Attribute ); }
	2134	{ $$ = 0; }
[4d51835]	2135	;
[b87a5ed]	2136
	2137	attribute_parameter_list: // GCC
[4d51835]	2138	attrib
	2139	\| attribute_parameter_list ',' attrib
	2140	;
[b87a5ed]	2141
	2142	attrib: // GCC
[4d51835]	2143	// empty
	2144	\| any_word
[c1c1112]	2145	\| any_word '(' comma_expression_opt ')' { delete $3; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2146	;
[b87a5ed]	2147
	2148	any_word: // GCC
[c1c1112]	2149	identifier_or_type_name { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2150	\| storage_class { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2151	\| basic_type_name { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
	2152	\| type_qualifier { delete $1; } // FIX ME: unimplemented
[4d51835]	2153	;
[51b73452]	2154
[c11e31c]	2155	// ============================================================================
[de62360d]	2156	// The following sections are a series of grammar patterns used to parse declarators. Multiple patterns are necessary
	2157	// because the type of an identifier in wrapped around the identifier in the same form as its usage in an expression, as
	2158	// in:
[c11e31c]	2159	//
[b87a5ed]	2160	// int (*f())[10] { ... };
	2161	// ... (*f())[3] += 1; // definition mimics usage
[c11e31c]	2162	//
[de62360d]	2163	// Because these patterns are highly recursive, changes at a lower level in the recursion require copying some or all of
	2164	// the pattern. Each of these patterns has some subtle variation to ensure correct syntax in a particular context.
[c11e31c]	2165	// ============================================================================
	2166
	2167	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[de62360d]	2168	// The set of valid declarators before a compound statement for defining a function is less than the set of declarators
	2169	// to define a variable or function prototype, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2170	//
[b87a5ed]	2171	// valid declaration invalid definition
	2172	// ----------------- ------------------
[4d51835]	2173	// int f; int f {}
	2174	// int f; int f {}
[b87a5ed]	2175	// int f[10]; int f[10] {}
[4d51835]	2176	// int (f)(int); int (f)(int) {}
[c11e31c]	2177	//
[de62360d]	2178	// To preclude this syntactic anomaly requires separating the grammar rules for variable and function declarators, hence
	2179	// variable_declarator and function_declarator.
[c11e31c]	2180	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	2181
[de62360d]	2182	// This pattern parses a declaration of a variable that is not redefining a typedef name. The pattern precludes
	2183	// declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions.
[51b73452]	2184
	2185	variable_declarator:
[4d51835]	2186	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2187	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2188	\| variable_ptr
	2189	\| variable_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2190	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2191	\| variable_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2192	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2193	;
[51b73452]	2194
	2195	paren_identifier:
[4d51835]	2196	identifier
	2197	{
[de62360d]	2198	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
[4d51835]	2199	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2200	}
	2201	\| '(' paren_identifier ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2202	{ $$ = $2; }
	2203	;
[51b73452]	2204
	2205	variable_ptr:
[dd51906]	2206	ptrref_operator variable_declarator
[4d51835]	2207	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2208	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_declarator
[4d51835]	2209	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2210	\| '(' variable_ptr ')'
	2211	{ $$ = $2; }
	2212	;
[51b73452]	2213
	2214	variable_array:
[4d51835]	2215	paren_identifier array_dimension
	2216	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2217	\| '(' variable_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2218	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2219	\| '(' variable_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2220	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2221	\| '(' variable_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2222	{ $$ = $2; }
	2223	;
[51b73452]	2224
	2225	variable_function:
[4d51835]	2226	'(' variable_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2227	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2228	\| '(' variable_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2229	{ $$ = $2; }
	2230	;
[51b73452]	2231
[c6b1105]	2232	// This pattern parses a function declarator that is not redefining a typedef name. For non-nested functions, there is
	2233	// no context where a function definition can redefine a typedef name, i.e., the typedef and function name cannot exist
	2234	// is the same scope. The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2235
	2236	function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2237	function_no_ptr attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2238	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2239	\| function_ptr
	2240	\| function_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2241	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2242	;
[51b73452]	2243
	2244	function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2245	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2246	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2247	\| '(' function_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2248	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2249	\| '(' function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2250	{ $$ = $2; }
	2251	;
[51b73452]	2252
	2253	function_ptr:
[dd51906]	2254	ptrref_operator function_declarator
[4d51835]	2255	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2256	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list function_declarator
[4d51835]	2257	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2258	\| '(' function_ptr ')'
	2259	{ $$ = $2; }
	2260	;
[51b73452]	2261
	2262	function_array:
[4d51835]	2263	'(' function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2264	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2265	\| '(' function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2266	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2267	\| '(' function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2268	{ $$ = $2; }
	2269	;
[51b73452]	2270
[de62360d]	2271	// This pattern parses an old-style K&R function declarator (OBSOLESCENT, see 4) that is not redefining a typedef name
	2272	// (see function_declarator for additional comments). The pattern precludes returning arrays and functions versus
	2273	// pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2274
	2275	old_function_declarator:
[4d51835]	2276	old_function_no_ptr
	2277	\| old_function_ptr
	2278	\| old_function_array
	2279	;
[51b73452]	2280
	2281	old_function_no_ptr:
[4d51835]	2282	paren_identifier '(' identifier_list ')' // function_declarator handles empty parameter
	2283	{ $$ = $1->addIdList( $3 ); }
	2284	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')' '(' identifier_list ')'
	2285	{ $$ = $2->addIdList( $5 ); }
	2286	\| '(' old_function_no_ptr ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2287	{ $$ = $2; }
	2288	;
[51b73452]	2289
	2290	old_function_ptr:
[dd51906]	2291	ptrref_operator old_function_declarator
[4d51835]	2292	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2293	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list old_function_declarator
[4d51835]	2294	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2295	\| '(' old_function_ptr ')'
	2296	{ $$ = $2; }
	2297	;
[51b73452]	2298
	2299	old_function_array:
[4d51835]	2300	'(' old_function_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2301	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2302	\| '(' old_function_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2303	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2304	\| '(' old_function_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2305	{ $$ = $2; }
	2306	;
[51b73452]	2307
[2871210]	2308	// This pattern parses a declaration for a variable or function prototype that redefines a type name, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2309	//
[b87a5ed]	2310	// typedef int foo;
	2311	// {
	2312	// int foo; // redefine typedef name in new scope
	2313	// }
[c11e31c]	2314	//
[de62360d]	2315	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2316	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2317
[c6b1105]	2318	variable_type_redeclarator:
[2871210]	2319	paren_type attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2320	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2321	\| type_ptr
	2322	\| type_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2323	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2324	\| type_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2325	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2326	;
[51b73452]	2327
[2871210]	2328	paren_type:
	2329	typedef
	2330	\| '(' paren_type ')'
[4d51835]	2331	{ $$ = $2; }
	2332	;
[51b73452]	2333
[2871210]	2334	type_ptr:
[c6b1105]	2335	ptrref_operator variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2336	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[c6b1105]	2337	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_type_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2338	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
[2871210]	2339	\| '(' type_ptr ')'
[4d51835]	2340	{ $$ = $2; }
	2341	;
[51b73452]	2342
[2871210]	2343	type_array:
	2344	paren_type array_dimension
[4d51835]	2345	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2346	\| '(' type_ptr ')' array_dimension
[4d51835]	2347	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2348	\| '(' type_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2349	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2350	\| '(' type_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2351	{ $$ = $2; }
	2352	;
[51b73452]	2353
[2871210]	2354	type_function:
	2355	paren_type '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2356	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2357	\| '(' type_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2358	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
[2871210]	2359	\| '(' type_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
[4d51835]	2360	{ $$ = $2; }
	2361	;
[51b73452]	2362
[de62360d]	2363	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is not redefining a typedef
	2364	// name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. The pattern precludes declaring an
	2365	// array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to
	2366	// arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2367
	2368	identifier_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2369	paren_identifier attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2370	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2371	\| identifier_parameter_ptr
	2372	\| identifier_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2373	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2374	\| identifier_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2375	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2376	;
[51b73452]	2377
	2378	identifier_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2379	ptrref_operator identifier_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2380	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2381	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list identifier_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2382	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2383	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')'
	2384	{ $$ = $2; }
	2385	;
[51b73452]	2386
	2387	identifier_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2388	paren_identifier array_parameter_dimension
	2389	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2390	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2391	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2392	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2393	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2394	\| '(' identifier_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2395	{ $$ = $2; }
	2396	;
[51b73452]	2397
	2398	identifier_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2399	paren_identifier '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2400	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
	2401	\| '(' identifier_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2402	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2403	\| '(' identifier_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2404	{ $$ = $2; }
	2405	;
[b87a5ed]	2406
[de62360d]	2407	// This pattern parses a declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is redefining a typedef name,
	2408	// e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2409	//
[b87a5ed]	2410	// typedef int foo;
	2411	// int f( int foo ); // redefine typedef name in new scope
[c11e31c]	2412	//
[de62360d]	2413	// and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list. In addition, the pattern handles the
	2414	// special meaning of parenthesis around a typedef name:
[c11e31c]	2415	//
[b87a5ed]	2416	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.3(11) : "In a parameter declaration, a single typedef name in
	2417	// parentheses is taken to be an abstract declarator that specifies a function with a single parameter,
	2418	// not as redundant parentheses around the identifier."
[c11e31c]	2419	//
[c6b1105]	2420	// For example:
[c11e31c]	2421	//
[b87a5ed]	2422	// typedef float T;
[4d51835]	2423	// int f( int ( T [5] ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
[b87a5ed]	2424	// int g( int ( T ( int ) ) ); // see abstract_parameter_declarator
	2425	// int f( int f1( T a[5] ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
	2426	// int g( int g1( T g2( int p ) ) ); // see identifier_parameter_declarator
[c11e31c]	2427	//
[de62360d]	2428	// In essence, a '(' immediately to the left of typedef name, T, is interpreted as starting a parameter type list, and
	2429	// not as redundant parentheses around a redeclaration of T. Finally, the pattern also precludes declaring an array of
	2430	// functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays and functions versus pointers to arrays and
	2431	// functions.
[51b73452]	2432
[2871210]	2433	type_parameter_redeclarator:
[4d51835]	2434	typedef attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2435	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2436	\| type_parameter_ptr
	2437	\| type_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2438	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2439	\| type_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2440	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2441	;
[51b73452]	2442
	2443	typedef:
[4d51835]	2444	TYPEDEFname
	2445	{
[de62360d]	2446	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
[4d51835]	2447	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2448	}
[2871210]	2449	\| TYPEGENname
	2450	{
	2451	typedefTable.setNextIdentifier( *$1 );
	2452	$$ = DeclarationNode::newName( $1 );
	2453	}
[4d51835]	2454	;
[51b73452]	2455
[2871210]	2456	type_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2457	ptrref_operator type_parameter_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2458	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2459	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list type_parameter_redeclarator
[4d51835]	2460	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
[2871210]	2461	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')'
[4d51835]	2462	{ $$ = $2; }
	2463	;
[51b73452]	2464
[2871210]	2465	type_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2466	typedef array_parameter_dimension
	2467	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
[2871210]	2468	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
[4d51835]	2469	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2470	;
[51b73452]	2471
[2871210]	2472	type_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2473	typedef '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2474	{ $$ = $1->addParamList( $4 ); }
[2871210]	2475	\| '(' type_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
[4d51835]	2476	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2477	;
[b87a5ed]	2478
[de62360d]	2479	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no identifier to
	2480	// which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2481	//
[b87a5ed]	2482	// sizeof( int );
	2483	// sizeof( int [10] );
[c11e31c]	2484	//
[de62360d]	2485	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2486	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2487
	2488	abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2489	abstract_ptr
	2490	\| abstract_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2491	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2492	\| abstract_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2493	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2494	;
[51b73452]	2495
	2496	abstract_ptr:
[dd51906]	2497	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2498	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2499	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2500	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2501	\| ptrref_operator abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2502	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2503	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2504	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2505	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')'
	2506	{ $$ = $2; }
	2507	;
[51b73452]	2508
	2509	abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2510	array_dimension
	2511	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2512	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2513	\| '(' abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2514	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2515	\| '(' abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2516	{ $$ = $2; }
	2517	;
[51b73452]	2518
	2519	abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2520	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2521	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
	2522	\| '(' abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2523	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2524	\| '(' abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2525	{ $$ = $2; }
	2526	;
[51b73452]	2527
	2528	array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2529	// Only the first dimension can be empty.
[2871210]	2530	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	2531	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
[2871210]	2532	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension
	2533	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false )->addArray( $3 ); }
[4d51835]	2534	\| multi_array_dimension
	2535	;
[51b73452]	2536
	2537	multi_array_dimension:
[4d51835]	2538	'[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2539	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $3, 0, false ); }
	2540	\| '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2541	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ); }
	2542	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push assignment_expression pop ']'
	2543	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, 0, false ) ); }
	2544	\| multi_array_dimension '[' push '*' pop ']' // C99
	2545	{ $$ = $1->addArray( DeclarationNode::newVarArray( 0 ) ); }
	2546	;
[51b73452]	2547
[c11e31c]	2548	// This pattern parses a declaration of a parameter abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2549	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
	2550	//
[b87a5ed]	2551	// int f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2552	// int f( int (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2553	//
[de62360d]	2554	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2555	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2556
	2557	abstract_parameter_declarator:
[4d51835]	2558	abstract_parameter_ptr
	2559	\| abstract_parameter_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2560	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2561	\| abstract_parameter_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2562	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2563	;
[51b73452]	2564
	2565	abstract_parameter_ptr:
[dd51906]	2566	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2567	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2568	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2569	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2570	\| ptrref_operator abstract_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2571	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2572	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list abstract_parameter_declarator
[4d51835]	2573	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2574	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')'
	2575	{ $$ = $2; }
	2576	;
[51b73452]	2577
	2578	abstract_parameter_array:
[4d51835]	2579	array_parameter_dimension
	2580	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' array_parameter_dimension
	2581	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2582	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2583	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2584	\| '(' abstract_parameter_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2585	{ $$ = $2; }
	2586	;
[51b73452]	2587
	2588	abstract_parameter_function:
[4d51835]	2589	'(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2590	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, 0, $3, 0 ); }
	2591	\| '(' abstract_parameter_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2592	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2593	\| '(' abstract_parameter_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2594	{ $$ = $2; }
	2595	;
[51b73452]	2596
	2597	array_parameter_dimension:
[4d51835]	2598	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers.
	2599	array_parameter_1st_dimension
	2600	\| array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension
	2601	{ $$ = $1->addArray( $2 ); }
	2602	\| multi_array_dimension
	2603	;
[51b73452]	2604
[c11e31c]	2605	// The declaration of an array parameter has additional syntax over arrays in normal variable declarations:
	2606	//
[de62360d]	2607	// ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.5.2(1) : "The optional type qualifiers and the keyword static shall appear only in
	2608	// a declaration of a function parameter with an array type, and then only in the outermost array type derivation."
[51b73452]	2609
	2610	array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[2871210]	2611	'[' ']'
[4d51835]	2612	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ); }
	2613	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' '*' ']' case
	2614	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2615	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2616	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list pop ']'
	2617	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, $3, false ); }
	2618	// multi_array_dimension handles the '[' assignment_expression ']' case
	2619	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2620	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2621	\| '[' push STATIC type_qualifier_list_opt assignment_expression pop ']'
	2622	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4, true ); }
	2623	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list STATIC assignment_expression pop ']'
	2624	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $3, true ); }
	2625	;
[b87a5ed]	2626
[de62360d]	2627	// This pattern parses a declaration of an abstract variable, i.e., there is no identifier to which the type applies,
	2628	// e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2629	//
[b87a5ed]	2630	// sizeof( int ); // abstract variable; no identifier name specified
[c11e31c]	2631	//
[de62360d]	2632	// The pattern precludes declaring an array of functions versus a pointer to an array of functions, and returning arrays
	2633	// and functions versus pointers to arrays and functions.
[51b73452]	2634
	2635	variable_abstract_declarator:
[4d51835]	2636	variable_abstract_ptr
	2637	\| variable_abstract_array attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2638	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2639	\| variable_abstract_function attribute_list_opt
[1db21619]	2640	{ $$ = $1->addQualifiers( $2 ); }
[4d51835]	2641	;
[51b73452]	2642
	2643	variable_abstract_ptr:
[dd51906]	2644	ptrref_operator
[4d51835]	2645	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ); }
[dd51906]	2646	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list
[4d51835]	2647	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ); }
[dd51906]	2648	\| ptrref_operator variable_abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2649	{ $$ = $2->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2650	\| ptrref_operator type_qualifier_list variable_abstract_declarator
[4d51835]	2651	{ $$ = $3->addPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $2 ) ); }
	2652	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')'
	2653	{ $$ = $2; }
	2654	;
[51b73452]	2655
	2656	variable_abstract_array:
[4d51835]	2657	array_dimension
	2658	\| '(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' array_dimension
	2659	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2660	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' multi_array_dimension // redundant parenthesis
	2661	{ $$ = $2->addArray( $4 ); }
	2662	\| '(' variable_abstract_array ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2663	{ $$ = $2; }
	2664	;
[51b73452]	2665
	2666	variable_abstract_function:
[4d51835]	2667	'(' variable_abstract_ptr ')' '(' push parameter_type_list_opt pop ')' // empty parameter list OBSOLESCENT (see 3)
	2668	{ $$ = $2->addParamList( $6 ); }
	2669	\| '(' variable_abstract_function ')' // redundant parenthesis
	2670	{ $$ = $2; }
	2671	;
[b87a5ed]	2672
[de62360d]	2673	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration for a parameter variable or function prototype that is either an
	2674	// identifier or typedef name and allows the C99 array options, which can only appear in a parameter list.
[b87a5ed]	2675
	2676	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2677	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple
	2678	\| new_abstract_tuple
	2679	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2680	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2681	;
[b87a5ed]	2682
	2683	new_identifier_parameter_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2684	new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2685	\| new_identifier_parameter_array
	2686	;
[b87a5ed]	2687
	2688	new_identifier_parameter_ptr: // CFA
[dd51906]	2689	ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2690	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2691	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2692	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2693	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2694	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2695	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2696	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2697	\| ptrref_operator new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2698	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2699	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_identifier_parameter_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2700	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2701	;
[b87a5ed]	2702
	2703	new_identifier_parameter_array: // CFA
[de62360d]	2704	// Only the first dimension can be empty or have qualifiers. Empty dimension must be factored out due to
	2705	// shift/reduce conflict with new-style empty (void) function return type.
[2871210]	2706	'[' ']' type_specifier
	2707	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2708	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension type_specifier
	2709	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2710	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2711	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2712	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2713	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2714	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2715	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2716	\| '[' ']' new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2717	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2718	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2719	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2720	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2721	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2722	\| new_array_parameter_1st_dimension multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2723	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( $2 )->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2724	\| multi_array_dimension new_identifier_parameter_ptr
	2725	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2726	;
[51b73452]	2727
	2728	new_array_parameter_1st_dimension:
[4d51835]	2729	'[' push type_qualifier_list '*' pop ']' // remaining C99
	2730	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newVarArray( $3 ); }
	2731	\| '[' push type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2732	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, false ); }
	2733	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2734	// declaration_qualifier_list must be used because of shift/reduce conflict with
	2735	// assignment_expression, so a semantic check is necessary to preclude them as a type_qualifier cannot
	2736	// appear in this context.
	2737	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $4, $3, true ); }
	2738	\| '[' push declaration_qualifier_list type_qualifier_list assignment_expression pop ']'
	2739	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newArray( $5, $4->addQualifiers( $3 ), true ); }
	2740	;
[b87a5ed]	2741
[de62360d]	2742	// This pattern parses a new-style declaration of an abstract variable or function prototype, i.e., there is no
	2743	// identifier to which the type applies, e.g.:
[c11e31c]	2744	//
[b87a5ed]	2745	// [int] f( int ); // abstract variable parameter; no parameter name specified
	2746	// [int] f( [int] (int) ); // abstract function-prototype parameter; no parameter name specified
[c11e31c]	2747	//
	2748	// These rules need LR(3):
	2749	//
[2871210]	2750	// new_abstract_tuple identifier_or_type_name
	2751	// '[' new_parameter_list ']' identifier_or_type_name '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
[c11e31c]	2752	//
	2753	// since a function return type can be syntactically identical to a tuple type:
	2754	//
[b87a5ed]	2755	// [int, int] t;
	2756	// [int, int] f( int );
[c11e31c]	2757	//
[2871210]	2758	// Therefore, it is necessary to look at the token after identifier_or_type_name to know when to reduce
[de62360d]	2759	// new_abstract_tuple. To make this LR(1), several rules have to be flattened (lengthened) to allow the necessary
	2760	// lookahead. To accomplish this, new_abstract_declarator has an entry point without tuple, and tuple declarations are
	2761	// duplicated when appearing with new_function_specifier.
[b87a5ed]	2762
	2763	new_abstract_declarator_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2764	new_abstract_tuple
	2765	\| type_qualifier_list new_abstract_tuple
	2766	{ $$ = $2->addQualifiers( $1 ); }
	2767	\| new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple
	2768	;
[b87a5ed]	2769
	2770	new_abstract_declarator_no_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2771	new_abstract_ptr
	2772	\| new_abstract_array
	2773	;
[b87a5ed]	2774
	2775	new_abstract_ptr: // CFA
[dd51906]	2776	ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2777	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2778	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator type_specifier
[4d51835]	2779	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2780	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2781	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2782	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_function
[4d51835]	2783	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2784	\| ptrref_operator new_abstract_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2785	{ $$ = $2->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( 0 ) ); }
[dd51906]	2786	\| type_qualifier_list ptrref_operator new_abstract_declarator_tuple
[4d51835]	2787	{ $$ = $3->addNewPointer( DeclarationNode::newPointer( $1 ) ); }
	2788	;
[b87a5ed]	2789
	2790	new_abstract_array: // CFA
[de62360d]	2791	// Only the first dimension can be empty. Empty dimension must be factored out due to shift/reduce conflict with
	2792	// empty (void) function return type.
[2871210]	2793	'[' ']' type_specifier
	2794	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2795	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2796	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2797	\| multi_array_dimension type_specifier
	2798	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
[2871210]	2799	\| '[' ']' new_abstract_ptr
	2800	{ $$ = $3->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
	2801	\| '[' ']' multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2802	{ $$ = $4->addNewArray( $3 )->addNewArray( DeclarationNode::newArray( 0, 0, false ) ); }
[4d51835]	2803	\| multi_array_dimension new_abstract_ptr
	2804	{ $$ = $2->addNewArray( $1 ); }
	2805	;
[b87a5ed]	2806
	2807	new_abstract_tuple: // CFA
[4d51835]	2808	'[' push new_abstract_parameter_list pop ']'
	2809	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newTuple( $3 ); }
	2810	;
[b87a5ed]	2811
	2812	new_abstract_function: // CFA
[2871210]	2813	'[' ']' '(' new_parameter_type_list_opt ')'
	2814	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, DeclarationNode::newTuple( 0 ), $4, 0 ); }
[4d51835]	2815	\| new_abstract_tuple '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2816	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
	2817	\| new_function_return '(' push new_parameter_type_list_opt pop ')'
	2818	{ $$ = DeclarationNode::newFunction( 0, $1, $4, 0 ); }
	2819	;
[b87a5ed]	2820
[de62360d]	2821	// 1) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.7.2(2) : "At least one type specifier shall be given in the declaration specifiers in
	2822	// each declaration, and in the specifier-qualifier list in each structure declaration and type name."
[c11e31c]	2823	//
[de62360d]	2824	// 2) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.5(1) : "The placement of a storage-class specifier other than at the beginning of
	2825	// the declaration specifiers in a declaration is an obsolescent feature."
[c11e31c]	2826	//
	2827	// 3) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.6(1) : "The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not
	2828	// prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature."
	2829	//
[de62360d]	2830	// 4) ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Section 6.11.7(1) : "The use of function definitions with separate parameter identifier and
	2831	// declaration lists (not prototype-format parameter type and identifier declarators) is an obsolescent feature.
[51b73452]	2832
[c11e31c]	2833	//*********************** MISCELLANEOUS ******************************
[51b73452]	2834
[b87a5ed]	2835	comma_opt: // redundant comma
[4d51835]	2836	// empty
	2837	\| ','
	2838	;
[51b73452]	2839
	2840	assignment_opt:
[4d51835]	2841	// empty
	2842	{ $$ = 0; }
	2843	\| '=' assignment_expression
	2844	{ $$ = $2; }
	2845	;
[51b73452]	2846
	2847	%%
[c11e31c]	2848	// ----end of grammar----
[51b73452]	2849
[0da3e2c]	2850	extern char *yytext;
	2851
[5f2f2d7]	2852	void yyerror( const char * ) {
	2853	std::cout << "Error ";
[b87a5ed]	2854	if ( yyfilename ) {
[45161b4d]	2855	std::cout << "in file " << yyfilename << " ";
[5f2f2d7]	2856	} // if
[b1d6dd5]	2857	std::cout << "at line " << yylineno << " reading token \"" << (yytext[0] == '\0' ? "EOF" : yytext) << "\"" << std::endl;
[51b73452]	2858	}
	2859
[c11e31c]	2860	// Local Variables: //
[b87a5ed]	2861	// mode: c++ //
[de62360d]	2862	// tab-width: 4 //
[c11e31c]	2863	// compile-command: "make install" //
	2864	// End: //

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