source: src/Parser/ExpressionNode.cc @ 119e6c8

//
// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
//
// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
//
// ExpressionNode.cc --
//
// Author           : Peter A. Buhr
// Created On       : Sat May 16 13:17:07 2015
// Last Modified By : Andrew Beach
// Last Modified On : Tue Mar 14 12:00:00 2023
// Update Count     : 1082
//

#include <cassert>                 // for assert
#include <stdio.h>                 // for sscanf, size_t
#include <climits>                 // for LLONG_MAX, LONG_MAX, INT_MAX, UINT...
#include <list>                    // for list
#include <sstream>                 // for basic_istream::operator>>, basic_i...
#include <string>                  // for string, operator+, operator==

#include "Common/SemanticError.h"  // for SemanticError
#include "Common/utility.h"        // for maybeMoveBuild, maybeBuild, CodeLo...
#include "ParseNode.h"             // for ExpressionNode, maybeMoveBuildType
#include "SynTree/Constant.h"      // for Constant
#include "SynTree/Declaration.h"   // for EnumDecl, StructDecl, UnionDecl
#include "SynTree/Expression.h"    // for Expression, ConstantExpr, NameExpr
#include "SynTree/Statement.h"     // for CompoundStmt, Statement
#include "SynTree/Type.h"          // for BasicType, Type, Type::Qualifiers
#include "parserutility.h"         // for notZeroExpr

class Initializer;

using namespace std;

//##############################################################################

// Difficult to separate extra parts of constants during lexing because actions are not allow in the middle of patterns:
//
//              prefix action constant action suffix
//
// Alternatively, breaking a pattern using BEGIN does not work if the following pattern can be empty:
//
//              constant BEGIN CONT ...
//              <CONT>(...)? BEGIN 0 ... // possible empty suffix
//
// because the CONT rule is NOT triggered if the pattern is empty. Hence, constants are reparsed here to determine their
// type.

extern const Type::Qualifiers noQualifiers;                             // no qualifiers on constants

// static inline bool checkH( char c ) { return c == 'h' || c == 'H'; }
// static inline bool checkZ( char c ) { return c == 'z' || c == 'Z'; }
// static inline bool checkU( char c ) { return c == 'u' || c == 'U'; }
static inline bool checkF( char c ) { return c == 'f' || c == 'F'; }
static inline bool checkD( char c ) { return c == 'd' || c == 'D'; }
static inline bool checkF80( char c ) { return c == 'w' || c == 'W'; }
static inline bool checkF128( char c ) { return c == 'q' || c == 'Q'; }
static inline bool checkL( char c ) { return c == 'l' || c == 'L'; }
static inline bool checkI( char c ) { return c == 'i' || c == 'I'; }
static inline bool checkB( char c ) { return c == 'b' || c == 'B'; }
static inline bool checkX( char c ) { return c == 'x' || c == 'X'; }
// static inline bool checkN( char c ) { return c == 'n' || c == 'N'; }

void lnthSuffix( string & str, int & type, int & ltype ) {
        // 'u' can appear before or after length suffix
        string::size_type posn = str.find_last_of( "lL" );

        if ( posn == string::npos ) return;                                     // no suffix
        size_t end = str.length() - 1;
        if ( posn == end ) { type = 3; return; }                        // no length after 'l' => long

        string::size_type next = posn + 1;                                      // advance to length
        if ( str[next] == '3' ) {                                                       // 32
                type = ltype = 2;
        } else if ( str[next] == '6' ) {                                        // 64
                type = ltype = 3;
        } else if ( str[next] == '8' ) {                                        // 8
                type = ltype = 1;
        } else if ( str[next] == '1' ) {
                if ( str[next + 1] == '6' ) {                                   // 16
                        type = ltype = 0;
                } else {                                                                                // 128
                        type = 5; ltype = 6;
                } // if
        } // if

        char fix = '\0';
        if ( str[end] == 'u' || str[end] == 'U' ) fix = str[end]; // ends with 'uU' ?
        str.erase( posn );                                                                      // remove length suffix and possibly uU
        if ( type == 5 ) {                                                                      // L128 does not need uU
                end = str.length() - 1;
                if ( str[end] == 'u' || str[end] == 'U' ) str.erase( end ); // ends with 'uU' ? remove
        } else if ( fix != '\0' ) str += fix;                           // put 'uU' back if removed
} // lnthSuffix

void valueToType( unsigned long long int & v, bool dec, int & type, bool & Unsigned ) {
        // use value to determine type
        if ( v <= INT_MAX ) {                                                           // signed int
                type = 2;
        } else if ( v <= UINT_MAX && ! dec ) {                          // unsigned int
                type = 2;
                Unsigned = true;                                                                // unsigned
        } else if ( v <= LONG_MAX ) {                                           // signed long int
                type = 3;
        } else if ( v <= ULONG_MAX && ( ! dec || LONG_MAX == LLONG_MAX ) ) { // signed long int
                type = 3;
                Unsigned = true;                                                                // unsigned long int
        } else if ( v <= LLONG_MAX ) {                                          // signed long long int
                type = 4;
        } else {                                                                                        // unsigned long long int
                type = 4;
                Unsigned = true;                                                                // unsigned long long int
        } // if
} // valueToType

static void scanbin( string & str, unsigned long long int & v ) {
        v = 0;
        size_t last = str.length() - 1;                                         // last subscript of constant
        for ( unsigned int i = 2;; ) {                                          // ignore prefix
                if ( str[i] == '1' ) v |= 1;
                i += 1;
                if ( i == last - 1 || (str[i] != '0' && str[i] != '1') ) break;
                v <<= 1;
        } // for
} // scanbin

Expression * build_constantInteger( string & str ) {
        static const BasicType::Kind kind[2][6] = {
                // short (h) must be before char (hh) because shorter type has the longer suffix
                { BasicType::ShortSignedInt, BasicType::SignedChar, BasicType::SignedInt, BasicType::LongSignedInt, BasicType::LongLongSignedInt, /* BasicType::SignedInt128 */ BasicType::LongLongSignedInt, },
                { BasicType::ShortUnsignedInt, BasicType::UnsignedChar, BasicType::UnsignedInt, BasicType::LongUnsignedInt, BasicType::LongLongUnsignedInt, /* BasicType::UnsignedInt128 */ BasicType::LongLongUnsignedInt, },
        };

        static const char * lnthsInt[2][6] = {
                { "int16_t",  "int8_t",  "int32_t",  "int64_t",  "size_t",  "uintptr_t", },
                { "uint16_t", "uint8_t", "uint32_t", "uint64_t", "size_t",  "uintptr_t", },
        }; // lnthsInt

        string str2( "0x0" );
        unsigned long long int v, v2 = 0;                                       // converted integral value
        Expression * ret, * ret2;

        int type = -1;                                                                          // 0 => short, 1 => char, 2 => int, 3 => long int, 4 => long long int, 5 => int128
        int ltype = -1;                                                                         // 0 => 16 bits, 1 => 8 bits, 2 => 32 bits, 3 => 64 bits, 4 => size_t, 5 => intptr, 6 => pointer
        bool dec = true, Unsigned = false;                                      // decimal, unsigned constant

        // special constants
        if ( str == "0" ) {
                ret = new ConstantExpr( Constant( (Type *)new ZeroType( noQualifiers ), str, (unsigned long long int)0 ) );
                goto CLEANUP;
        } // if
        if ( str == "1" ) {
                ret = new ConstantExpr( Constant( (Type *)new OneType( noQualifiers ), str, (unsigned long long int)1 ) );
                goto CLEANUP;
        } // if

        // 'u' can appear before or after length suffix
        if ( str.find_last_of( "uU" ) != string::npos ) Unsigned = true;

        if ( isdigit( str[str.length() - 1] ) ) {                       // no suffix ?
                lnthSuffix( str, type, ltype );                                 // could have length suffix
        } else {
                // At least one digit in integer constant, so safe to backup while looking for suffix.
                // This declaration and the comma expressions in the conditions mimic
                // the declare and check pattern allowed in later compiler versions.
                // (Only some early compilers/C++ standards do not support it.)
                string::size_type posn;
                // pointer value
                if ( posn = str.find_last_of( "pP" ), posn != string::npos ) {
                        ltype = 5; str.erase( posn, 1 );
                // size_t
                } else if ( posn = str.find_last_of( "zZ" ), posn != string::npos ) {
                        Unsigned = true; type = 2; ltype = 4; str.erase( posn, 1 );
                // signed char
                } else if ( posn = str.rfind( "hh" ), posn != string::npos ) {
                        type = 1; str.erase( posn, 2 );
                // signed char
                } else if ( posn = str.rfind( "HH" ), posn != string::npos ) {
                        type = 1; str.erase( posn, 2 );
                // short
                } else if ( posn = str.find_last_of( "hH" ), posn != string::npos ) {
                        type = 0; str.erase( posn, 1 );
                // int (natural number)
                } else if ( posn = str.find_last_of( "nN" ), posn != string::npos ) {
                        type = 2; str.erase( posn, 1 );
                } else if ( str.rfind( "ll" ) != string::npos || str.rfind( "LL" ) != string::npos ) {
                        type = 4;
                } else {
                        lnthSuffix( str, type, ltype );
                } // if
        } // if

        // Cannot be just "0"/"1"; sscanf stops at the suffix, if any; value goes over the wall => always generate

#if ! defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
        if ( type == 5 ) SemanticError( yylloc, "int128 constant is not supported on this target " + str );
#endif // ! __SIZEOF_INT128__

        if ( str[0] == '0' ) {                                                          // radix character ?
                dec = false;
                if ( checkX( str[1] ) ) {                                               // hex constant ?
                        if ( type < 5 ) {                                                       // not L128 ?
                                sscanf( (char *)str.c_str(), "%llx", &v );
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
                        } else {                                                                        // hex int128 constant
                                unsigned int len = str.length();
                                if ( len > (2 + 16 + 16) ) SemanticError( yylloc, "128-bit hexadecimal constant to large " + str );
                                // hex digits < 2^64
                                if ( len > (2 + 16) ) {
                                        str2 = "0x" + str.substr( len - 16 );
                                        sscanf( (char *)str2.c_str(), "%llx", &v2 );
                                        str = str.substr( 0, len - 16 );
                                } // if
                                sscanf( (char *)str.c_str(), "%llx", &v );
#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
                        } // if
                        //printf( "%llx %llu\n", v, v );
                } else if ( checkB( str[1] ) ) {                                // binary constant ?
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
                        unsigned int len = str.length();
                        if ( type == 5 && len > 2 + 64 ) {
                                if ( len > 2 + 64 + 64 ) SemanticError( yylloc, "128-bit binary constant to large " + str );
                                str2 = "0b" + str.substr( len - 64 );
                                str = str.substr( 0, len - 64 );
                                scanbin( str2, v2 );
                        } // if
#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
                        scanbin( str, v );
                        //printf( "%#llx %llu\n", v, v );
                } else {                                                                                // octal constant
                        if ( type < 5 ) {                                                       // not L128 ?
                                sscanf( (char *)str.c_str(), "%llo", &v );
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
                        } else {                                                                        // octal int128 constant
                                unsigned int len = str.length();
                                if ( len > 1 + 43 || (len == 1 + 43 && str[0] > '3') ) SemanticError( yylloc, "128-bit octal constant to large " + str );
                                char buf[32];
                                if ( len <= 1 + 21 ) {                                  // value < 21 octal digitis
                                        sscanf( (char *)str.c_str(), "%llo", &v );
                                } else {
                                        sscanf( &str[len - 21], "%llo", &v );
                                        __int128 val = v;                                       // accumulate bits
                                        str[len - 21] ='\0';                            // shorten string
                                        sscanf( &str[len == 43 ? 1 : 0], "%llo", &v );
                                        val |= (__int128)v << 63;                       // store bits
                                        if ( len == 1 + 43 ) {                          // most significant 2 bits ?
                                                str[2] = '\0';                                  // shorten string
                                                sscanf( &str[1], "%llo", &v );  // process most significant 2 bits
                                                val |= (__int128)v << 126;              // store bits
                                        } // if
                                        v = val >> 64; v2 = (uint64_t)val;      // replace octal constant with 2 hex constants
                                        sprintf( buf, "%#llx", v2 );
                                        str2 = buf;
                                } // if
                                sprintf( buf, "%#llx", v );
                                str = buf;
#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
                        } // if
                        //printf( "%#llo %llu\n", v, v );
                } // if
        } else {                                                                                        // decimal constant ?
                if ( type < 5 ) {                                                               // not L128 ?
                        sscanf( (char *)str.c_str(), "%llu", &v );
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
                } else {                                                                                // decimal int128 constant
                        #define P10_UINT64 10'000'000'000'000'000'000ULL // 19 zeroes
                        unsigned int len = str.length();
                        if ( str.length() == 39 && str > (Unsigned ? "340282366920938463463374607431768211455" : "170141183460469231731687303715884105727") )
                                SemanticError( yylloc, "128-bit decimal constant to large " + str );
                        char buf[32];
                        if ( len <= 19 ) {                                                      // value < 19 decimal digitis
                                sscanf( (char *)str.c_str(), "%llu", &v );
                        } else {
                                sscanf( &str[len - 19], "%llu", &v );
                                __int128 val = v;                                               // accumulate bits
                                str[len - 19] ='\0';                                    // shorten string
                                sscanf( &str[len == 39 ? 1 : 0], "%llu", &v );
                                val += (__int128)v * (__int128)P10_UINT64; // store bits
                                if ( len == 39 ) {                                              // most significant 2 bits ?
                                        str[1] = '\0';                                          // shorten string
                                        sscanf( &str[0], "%llu", &v );          // process most significant 2 bits
                                        val += (__int128)v * (__int128)P10_UINT64 * (__int128)P10_UINT64; // store bits
                                } // if
                                v = val >> 64; v2 = (uint64_t)val;              // replace decimal constant with 2 hex constants
                                sprintf( buf, "%#llx", v2 );
                                str2 = buf;
                        } // if
                        sprintf( buf, "%#llx", v );
                        str = buf;
#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
                } // if
                //printf( "%llu\n", v );
        } // if

        if ( type == -1 ) {                                                                     // no suffix => determine type from value size
                valueToType( v, dec, type, Unsigned );
        } // if
        /* printf( "%s %llo %s %llo\n", str.c_str(), v, str2.c_str(), v2 ); */

        //if ( !( 0 <= type && type <= 6 ) ) { printf( "%s %lu %d %s\n", fred.c_str(), fred.length(), type, str.c_str() ); }
        assert( 0 <= type && type <= 6 );

        // Constant type is correct for overload resolving.
        ret = new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( noQualifiers, kind[Unsigned][type] ), str, v ) );
        if ( Unsigned && type < 2 ) {                                           // hh or h, less than int ?
                // int i = -1uh => 65535 not -1, so cast is necessary for unsigned, which unfortunately eliminates warnings for large values.
                ret = new CastExpr( ret, new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), kind[Unsigned][type] ), false );
        } else if ( ltype != -1 ) {                                                     // explicit length ?
                if ( ltype == 6 ) {                                                             // int128, (int128)constant
//                      ret = new CastExpr( ret, new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), kind[Unsigned][type] ), false );
                        ret2 = new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( noQualifiers, BasicType::LongLongSignedInt ), str2, v2 ) );
                        ret = build_compoundLiteral(
                                DeclarationNode::newBasicType( DeclarationNode::Int128 )->addType( DeclarationNode::newSignedNess( DeclarationNode::Unsigned ) ),
                                new InitializerNode( (InitializerNode *)(new InitializerNode( new ExpressionNode( v2 == 0 ? ret2 : ret ) ))->set_last( new InitializerNode( new ExpressionNode( v2 == 0 ? ret : ret2 ) ) ), true ) );
                } else {                                                                                // explicit length, (length_type)constant
                        ret = new CastExpr( ret, new TypeInstType( Type::Qualifiers(), lnthsInt[Unsigned][ltype], false ), false );
                        if ( ltype == 5 ) {                                                     // pointer, intptr( (uintptr_t)constant )
                                ret = build_func( new ExpressionNode( build_varref( new string( "intptr" ) ) ), new ExpressionNode( ret ) );
                        } // if
                } // if
        } // if

  CLEANUP: ;
        delete &str;                                                                            // created by lex
        return ret;
} // build_constantInteger


static inline void checkFnxFloat( string & str, size_t last, bool & explnth, int & type ) {
        string::size_type posn;
        // floating-point constant has minimum of 2 characters, 1. or .1, so safe to look ahead
        if ( str[1] == 'x' ) {                                                          // hex ?
                posn = str.find_last_of( "pP" );                                // back for exponent (must have)
                posn = str.find_first_of( "fF", posn + 1 );             // forward for size (fF allowed in hex constant)
        } else {
                posn = str.find_last_of( "fF" );                                // back for size (fF not allowed)
        } // if
  if ( posn == string::npos ) return;
        explnth = true;
        posn += 1;                                                                                      // advance to size
        if ( str[posn] == '3' ) {                                                       // 32
                if ( str[last] != 'x' ) type = 6;
                else type = 7;
        } else if ( str[posn] == '6' ) {                                        // 64
                if ( str[last] != 'x' ) type = 8;
                else type = 9;
        } else if ( str[posn] == '8' ) {                                        // 80
                type = 3;
        } else if ( str[posn] == '1' ) {                                        // 16/128
                if ( str[posn + 1] == '6' ) {                                   // 16
                        type = 5;
                } else {                                                                                // 128
                        if ( str[last] != 'x' ) type = 10;
                        else type = 11;
                } // if
        } else {
                assertf( false, "internal error, bad floating point length %s", str.c_str() );
        } // if
} // checkFnxFloat


Expression * build_constantFloat( string & str ) {
        static const BasicType::Kind kind[2][12] = {
                { BasicType::Float, BasicType::Double, BasicType::LongDouble, BasicType::uuFloat80, BasicType::uuFloat128, BasicType::uFloat16, BasicType::uFloat32, BasicType::uFloat32x, BasicType::uFloat64, BasicType::uFloat64x, BasicType::uFloat128, BasicType::uFloat128x },
                { BasicType::FloatComplex, BasicType::DoubleComplex, BasicType::LongDoubleComplex, BasicType::NUMBER_OF_BASIC_TYPES, BasicType::NUMBER_OF_BASIC_TYPES, BasicType::uFloat16Complex, BasicType::uFloat32Complex, BasicType::uFloat32xComplex, BasicType::uFloat64Complex, BasicType::uFloat64xComplex, BasicType::uFloat128Complex, BasicType::uFloat128xComplex },
        };

        // floating-point constant has minimum of 2 characters 1. or .1
        size_t last = str.length() - 1;
        double v;
        int type;                                                                                       // 0 => float, 1 => double, 3 => long double, ...
        bool complx = false;                                                            // real, complex
        bool explnth = false;                                                           // explicit literal length

        sscanf( str.c_str(), "%lg", &v );

        if ( checkI( str[last] ) ) {                                            // imaginary ?
                complx = true;
                last -= 1;                                                                              // backup one character
        } // if

        if ( checkF( str[last] ) ) {                                            // float ?
                type = 0;
        } else if ( checkD( str[last] ) ) {                                     // double ?
                type = 1;
        } else if ( checkL( str[last] ) ) {                                     // long double ?
                type = 2;
        } else if ( checkF80( str[last] ) ) {                           // __float80 ?
                type = 3;
        } else if ( checkF128( str[last] ) ) {                          // __float128 ?
                type = 4;
        } else {
                type = 1;                                                                               // double (default if no suffix)
                checkFnxFloat( str, last, explnth, type );
        } // if

        if ( ! complx && checkI( str[last - 1] ) ) {            // imaginary ?
                complx = true;
        } // if

        assert( 0 <= type && type < 12 );
        Expression * ret = new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( noQualifiers, kind[complx][type] ), str, v ) );
        if ( explnth ) {                                                                        // explicit length ?
                ret = new CastExpr( ret, new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), kind[complx][type] ), false );
        } // if

        delete &str;                                                                            // created by lex
        return ret;
} // build_constantFloat

static void sepString( string & str, string & units, char delimit ) {
        string::size_type posn = str.find_last_of( delimit ) + 1;
        if ( posn != str.length() ) {
                units = "?" + str.substr( posn );                               // extract units
                str.erase( posn );                                                              // remove units
        } // if
} // sepString

Expression * build_constantChar( string & str ) {
        string units;                                                                           // units
        sepString( str, units, '\'' );                                          // separate constant from units

        Expression * ret = new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( noQualifiers, BasicType::Char ), str, (unsigned long long int)(unsigned char)str[1] ) );
        if ( units.length() != 0 ) {
                ret = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( units ), { ret } );
        } // if

        delete &str;                                                                            // created by lex
        return ret;
} // build_constantChar

Expression * build_constantStr( string & str ) {
        assert( str.length() > 0 );
        string units;                                                                           // units
        sepString( str, units, '"' );                                           // separate constant from units

        Type * strtype;
        switch ( str[0] ) {                                                                     // str has >= 2 characters, i.e, null string "" => safe to look at subscripts 0/1
        case 'u':
                if ( str[1] == '8' ) goto Default;                              // utf-8 characters => array of char
                // lookup type of associated typedef
                strtype = new TypeInstType( Type::Qualifiers( ), "char16_t", false );
                break;
        case 'U':
                strtype = new TypeInstType( Type::Qualifiers( ), "char32_t", false );
                break;
        case 'L':
                strtype = new TypeInstType( Type::Qualifiers( ), "wchar_t", false );
                break;
        Default:                                                                                        // char default string type
        default:
                strtype = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers( ), BasicType::Char );
        } // switch
        ArrayType * at = new ArrayType( noQualifiers, strtype,
                                                                        new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_ulong( str.size() + 1 - 2 ) ), // +1 for '\0' and -2 for '"'
                                                                        false, false );
        Expression * ret = new ConstantExpr( Constant( at, str, std::nullopt ) );
        if ( units.length() != 0 ) {
                ret = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( units ), { ret } );
        } // if

        delete &str;                                                                            // created by lex
        return ret;
} // build_constantStr

Expression * build_field_name_FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant( const string & str ) {
        if ( str.find_first_not_of( "0123456789", 1 ) != string::npos ) SemanticError( yylloc, "invalid tuple index " + str );
        Expression * ret = build_constantInteger( *new string( str.substr(1) ) );
        delete &str;
        return ret;
} // build_field_name_FLOATING_FRACTIONconstant

Expression * build_field_name_FLOATING_DECIMALconstant( const string & str ) {
        if ( str[str.size() - 1] != '.' ) SemanticError( yylloc, "invalid tuple index " + str );
        Expression * ret = build_constantInteger( *new string( str.substr( 0, str.size()-1 ) ) );
        delete &str;
        return ret;
} // build_field_name_FLOATING_DECIMALconstant

Expression * build_field_name_FLOATINGconstant( const string & str ) {
        // str is of the form A.B -> separate at the . and return member expression
        int a, b;
        char dot;
        stringstream ss( str );
        ss >> a >> dot >> b;
        UntypedMemberExpr * ret = new UntypedMemberExpr( new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_int( b ) ), new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_int( a ) ) );
        delete &str;
        return ret;
} // build_field_name_FLOATINGconstant

Expression * make_field_name_fraction_constants( Expression * fieldName, Expression * fracts ) {
        if ( fracts ) {
                if ( UntypedMemberExpr * memberExpr = dynamic_cast< UntypedMemberExpr * >( fracts ) ) {
                        memberExpr->set_member( make_field_name_fraction_constants( fieldName, memberExpr->get_aggregate() ) );
                        return memberExpr;
                } else {
                        return new UntypedMemberExpr( fracts, fieldName );
                } // if
        } // if
        return fieldName;
} // make_field_name_fraction_constants

Expression * build_field_name_fraction_constants( Expression * fieldName, ExpressionNode * fracts ) {
        return make_field_name_fraction_constants( fieldName, maybeMoveBuild( fracts ) );
} // build_field_name_fraction_constants

NameExpr * build_varref( const string * name ) {
        NameExpr * expr = new NameExpr( *name );
        delete name;
        return expr;
} // build_varref

QualifiedNameExpr * build_qualified_expr( const DeclarationNode * decl_node, const NameExpr * name ) {
        Declaration * newDecl = maybeBuild(decl_node);
        if ( DeclarationWithType * newDeclWithType = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType * >( newDecl ) ) {
                const Type * t = newDeclWithType->get_type();
                if ( t ) {
                        if ( const TypeInstType * typeInst = dynamic_cast<const TypeInstType *>( t ) ) {
                                newDecl= new EnumDecl( typeInst->name );
                        }
                }
        }
        return new QualifiedNameExpr( newDecl, name->name );
}

QualifiedNameExpr * build_qualified_expr( const EnumDecl * decl_node, const NameExpr * name ) {
        EnumDecl * newDecl = const_cast< EnumDecl * >( decl_node );
        return new QualifiedNameExpr( newDecl, name->name );
}

DimensionExpr * build_dimensionref( const string * name ) {
        DimensionExpr * expr = new DimensionExpr( *name );
        delete name;
        return expr;
} // build_varref

// TODO: get rid of this and OperKinds and reuse code from OperatorTable
static const char * OperName[] = {                                              // must harmonize with OperKinds
        // diadic
        "SizeOf", "AlignOf", "OffsetOf", "?+?", "?-?", "?\\?", "?*?", "?/?", "?%?", "||", "&&",
        "?|?", "?&?", "?^?", "Cast", "?<<?", "?>>?", "?<?", "?>?", "?<=?", "?>=?", "?==?", "?!=?",
        "?=?", "?@=?", "?\\=?", "?*=?", "?/=?", "?%=?", "?+=?", "?-=?", "?<<=?", "?>>=?", "?&=?", "?^=?", "?|=?",
        "?[?]", "...",
        // monadic
        "+?", "-?", "AddressOf", "*?", "!?", "~?", "++?", "?++", "--?", "?--",
}; // OperName

Expression * build_cast( DeclarationNode * decl_node, ExpressionNode * expr_node ) {
        Type * targetType = maybeMoveBuildType( decl_node );
        if ( dynamic_cast< VoidType * >( targetType ) ) {
                delete targetType;
                return new CastExpr( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node ), false );
        } else {
                return new CastExpr( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node ), targetType, false );
        } // if
} // build_cast

Expression * build_keyword_cast( AggregateDecl::Aggregate target, ExpressionNode * expr_node ) {
        return new KeywordCastExpr( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node ), target );
}

Expression * build_virtual_cast( DeclarationNode * decl_node, ExpressionNode * expr_node ) {
        return new VirtualCastExpr( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node ), maybeMoveBuildType( decl_node ) );
} // build_virtual_cast

Expression * build_fieldSel( ExpressionNode * expr_node, Expression * member ) {
        return new UntypedMemberExpr( member, maybeMoveBuild( expr_node ) );
} // build_fieldSel

Expression * build_pfieldSel( ExpressionNode * expr_node, Expression * member ) {
        UntypedExpr * deref = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "*?" ) );
        deref->location = expr_node->location;
        deref->get_args().push_back( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node ) );
        UntypedMemberExpr * ret = new UntypedMemberExpr( member, deref );
        return ret;
} // build_pfieldSel

Expression * build_offsetOf( DeclarationNode * decl_node, NameExpr * member ) {
        Expression * ret = new UntypedOffsetofExpr( maybeMoveBuildType( decl_node ), member->get_name() );
        delete member;
        return ret;
} // build_offsetOf

Expression * build_and_or( ExpressionNode * expr_node1, ExpressionNode * expr_node2, bool kind ) {
        return new LogicalExpr( notZeroExpr( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node1 ) ), notZeroExpr( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node2 ) ), kind );
} // build_and_or

Expression * build_unary_val( OperKinds op, ExpressionNode * expr_node ) {
        list< Expression * > args;
        args.push_back( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node ) );
        return new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( OperName[ (int)op ] ), args );
} // build_unary_val

Expression * build_binary_val( OperKinds op, ExpressionNode * expr_node1, ExpressionNode * expr_node2 ) {
        list< Expression * > args;
        args.push_back( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node1 ) );
        args.push_back( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node2 ) );
        return new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( OperName[ (int)op ] ), args );
} // build_binary_val

Expression * build_binary_ptr( OperKinds op, ExpressionNode * expr_node1, ExpressionNode * expr_node2 ) {
        list< Expression * > args;
        args.push_back( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node1 ) );
        args.push_back( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node2 ) );
        return new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( OperName[ (int)op ] ), args );
} // build_binary_ptr

Expression * build_cond( ExpressionNode * expr_node1, ExpressionNode * expr_node2, ExpressionNode * expr_node3 ) {
        return new ConditionalExpr( notZeroExpr( maybeMoveBuild( expr_node1 ) ), maybeMoveBuild( expr_node2 ), maybeMoveBuild( expr_node3 ) );
} // build_cond

Expression * build_tuple( ExpressionNode * expr_node ) {
        list< Expression * > exprs;
        buildMoveList( expr_node, exprs );
        return new UntypedTupleExpr( exprs );;
} // build_tuple

Expression * build_func( ExpressionNode * function, ExpressionNode * expr_node ) {
        list< Expression * > args;
        buildMoveList( expr_node, args );
        return new UntypedExpr( maybeMoveBuild( function ), args );
} // build_func

Expression * build_compoundLiteral( DeclarationNode * decl_node, InitializerNode * kids ) {
        Declaration * newDecl = maybeBuild( decl_node ); // compound literal type
        if ( DeclarationWithType * newDeclWithType = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType * >( newDecl ) ) { // non-sue compound-literal type
                return new CompoundLiteralExpr( newDeclWithType->get_type(), maybeMoveBuild( kids ) );
        // these types do not have associated type information
        } else if ( StructDecl * newDeclStructDecl = dynamic_cast< StructDecl * >( newDecl )  ) {
                if ( newDeclStructDecl->has_body() ) {
                        return new CompoundLiteralExpr( new StructInstType( Type::Qualifiers(), newDeclStructDecl ), maybeMoveBuild( kids ) );
                } else {
                        return new CompoundLiteralExpr( new StructInstType( Type::Qualifiers(), newDeclStructDecl->get_name() ), maybeMoveBuild( kids ) );
                } // if
        } else if ( UnionDecl * newDeclUnionDecl = dynamic_cast< UnionDecl * >( newDecl )  ) {
                if ( newDeclUnionDecl->has_body() ) {
                        return new CompoundLiteralExpr( new UnionInstType( Type::Qualifiers(), newDeclUnionDecl ), maybeMoveBuild( kids ) );
                } else {
                        return new CompoundLiteralExpr( new UnionInstType( Type::Qualifiers(), newDeclUnionDecl->get_name() ), maybeMoveBuild( kids ) );
                } // if
        } else if ( EnumDecl * newDeclEnumDecl = dynamic_cast< EnumDecl * >( newDecl )  ) {
                if ( newDeclEnumDecl->has_body() ) {
                        return new CompoundLiteralExpr( new EnumInstType( Type::Qualifiers(), newDeclEnumDecl ), maybeMoveBuild( kids ) );
                } else {
                        return new CompoundLiteralExpr( new EnumInstType( Type::Qualifiers(), newDeclEnumDecl->get_name() ), maybeMoveBuild( kids ) );
                } // if
        } else {
                assert( false );
        } // if
} // build_compoundLiteral

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