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source: src/GenPoly/Box.cc @ 3849857

ADTaaron-thesisarm-ehast-experimentalcleanup-dtorsctordeferred_resndemanglerenumforall-pointer-decaygc_noraiijacob/cs343-translationjenkins-sandboxmemorynew-astnew-ast-unique-exprnew-envno_listpersistent-indexerpthread-emulationqualifiedEnumresolv-newstringwith_gc

Last change on this file since 3849857 was 4b8f918, checked in by Aaron Moss <a3moss@…>, 8 years ago
Fix modularization for generic types, so that caller is only required to pass layout for complete generic types
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 102.3 KB

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1	//
2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
3	//
4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6	//
7	// Box.cc --
8	//
9	// Author : Richard C. Bilson
10	// Created On : Mon May 18 07:44:20 2015
11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12	// Last Modified On : Fri Feb 5 16:45:07 2016
13	// Update Count : 286
14	//
15
16	#include <algorithm>
17	#include <iterator>
18	#include <list>
19	#include <map>
20	#include <set>
21	#include <stack>
22	#include <string>
23	#include <utility>
24	#include <vector>
25	#include <cassert>
26
27	#include "Box.h"
28	#include "DeclMutator.h"
29	#include "PolyMutator.h"
30	#include "FindFunction.h"
31	#include "ScopedMap.h"
32	#include "ScopedSet.h"
33	#include "ScrubTyVars.h"
34
35	#include "Parser/ParseNode.h"
36
37	#include "SynTree/Constant.h"
38	#include "SynTree/Declaration.h"
39	#include "SynTree/Expression.h"
40	#include "SynTree/Initializer.h"
41	#include "SynTree/Mutator.h"
42	#include "SynTree/Statement.h"
43	#include "SynTree/Type.h"
44	#include "SynTree/TypeSubstitution.h"
45
46	#include "ResolvExpr/TypeEnvironment.h"
47	#include "ResolvExpr/TypeMap.h"
48	#include "ResolvExpr/typeops.h"
49
50	#include "SymTab/Indexer.h"
51	#include "SymTab/Mangler.h"
52
53	#include "Common/SemanticError.h"
54	#include "Common/UniqueName.h"
55	#include "Common/utility.h"
56
57	#include <ext/functional> // temporary
58
59	namespace GenPoly {
60	namespace {
61	const std::list<Label> noLabels;
62
63	FunctionType makeAdapterType( FunctionType adaptee, const TyVarMap &tyVars );
64
65	/// Abstracts type equality for a list of parameter types
66	struct TypeList {
67	TypeList() : params() {}
68	TypeList( const std::list< Type* > &_params ) : params() { cloneAll(_params, params); }
69	TypeList( std::list< Type* > &&_params ) : params( _params ) {}
70
71	TypeList( const TypeList &that ) : params() { cloneAll(that.params, params); }
72	TypeList( TypeList &&that ) : params( std::move( that.params ) ) {}
73
74	/// Extracts types from a list of TypeExpr*
75	TypeList( const std::list< TypeExpr* >& _params ) : params() {
76	for ( std::list< TypeExpr* >::const_iterator param = _params.begin(); param != _params.end(); ++param ) {
77	params.push_back( (*param)->get_type()->clone() );
78	}
79	}
80
81	TypeList& operator= ( const TypeList &that ) {
82	deleteAll( params );
83
84	params.clear();
85	cloneAll( that.params, params );
86
87	return *this;
88	}
89
90	TypeList& operator= ( TypeList &&that ) {
91	deleteAll( params );
92
93	params = std::move( that.params );
94
95	return *this;
96	}
97
98	~TypeList() { deleteAll( params ); }
99
100	bool operator== ( const TypeList& that ) const {
101	if ( params.size() != that.params.size() ) return false;
102
103	SymTab::Indexer dummy;
104	for ( std::list< Type* >::const_iterator it = params.begin(), jt = that.params.begin(); it != params.end(); ++it, ++jt ) {
105	if ( ! ResolvExpr::typesCompatible( it, jt, dummy ) ) return false;
106	}
107	return true;
108	}
109
110	std::list< Type* > params; ///< Instantiation parameters
111	};
112
113	/// Maps a key and a TypeList to the some value, accounting for scope
114	template< typename Key, typename Value >
115	class InstantiationMap {
116	/// Wraps value for a specific (Key, TypeList) combination
117	typedef std::pair< TypeList, Value* > Instantiation;
118	/// List of TypeLists paired with their appropriate values
119	typedef std::vector< Instantiation > ValueList;
120	/// Underlying map type; maps keys to a linear list of corresponding TypeLists and values
121	typedef ScopedMap< Key*, ValueList > InnerMap;
122
123	InnerMap instantiations; ///< instantiations
124
125	public:
126	/// Starts a new scope
127	void beginScope() { instantiations.beginScope(); }
128
129	/// Ends a scope
130	void endScope() { instantiations.endScope(); }
131
132	/// Gets the value for the (key, typeList) pair, returns NULL on none such.
133	Value lookup( Key key, const std::list< TypeExpr* >& params ) const {
134	TypeList typeList( params );
135
136	// scan scopes for matches to the key
137	for ( typename InnerMap::const_iterator insts = instantiations.find( key ); insts != instantiations.end(); insts = instantiations.findNext( insts, key ) ) {
138	for ( typename ValueList::const_reverse_iterator inst = insts->second.rbegin(); inst != insts->second.rend(); ++inst ) {
139	if ( inst->first == typeList ) return inst->second;
140	}
141	}
142	// no matching instantiations found
143	return 0;
144	}
145
146	/// Adds a value for a (key, typeList) pair to the current scope
147	void insert( Key key, const std::list< TypeExpr > &params, Value *value ) {
148	instantiations[ key ].push_back( Instantiation( TypeList( params ), value ) );
149	}
150	};
151
152	/// Adds layout-generation functions to polymorphic types
153	class LayoutFunctionBuilder : public DeclMutator {
154	unsigned int functionNesting; // current level of nested functions
155	public:
156	LayoutFunctionBuilder() : functionNesting( 0 ) {}
157
158	virtual DeclarationWithType mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl );
159	virtual Declaration mutate( StructDecl structDecl );
160	virtual Declaration mutate( UnionDecl unionDecl );
161	};
162
163	/// Replaces polymorphic return types with out-parameters, replaces calls to polymorphic functions with adapter calls as needed, and adds appropriate type variables to the function call
164	class Pass1 : public PolyMutator {
165	public:
166	Pass1();
167	virtual Expression mutate( ApplicationExpr appExpr );
168	virtual Expression mutate( AddressExpr addrExpr );
169	virtual Expression mutate( UntypedExpr expr );
170	virtual DeclarationWithType* mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl );
171	virtual TypeDecl mutate( TypeDecl typeDecl );
172	virtual Expression mutate( CommaExpr commaExpr );
173	virtual Expression mutate( ConditionalExpr condExpr );
174	virtual Statement * mutate( ReturnStmt *returnStmt );
175	virtual Type mutate( PointerType pointerType );
176	virtual Type * mutate( FunctionType *functionType );
177
178	virtual void doBeginScope();
179	virtual void doEndScope();
180	private:
181	/// Pass the extra type parameters from polymorphic generic arguments or return types into a function application
182	void passArgTypeVars( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type parmType, Type argBaseType, std::list< Expression >::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars, std::set< std::string > &seenTypes );
183	/// passes extra type parameters into a polymorphic function application
184	void passTypeVars( ApplicationExpr appExpr, ReferenceToType polyRetType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
185	/// wraps a function application with a new temporary for the out-parameter return value
186	Expression addRetParam( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, Type retType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg );
187	/// Replaces all the type parameters of a generic type with their concrete equivalents under the current environment
188	void replaceParametersWithConcrete( ApplicationExpr appExpr, std::list< Expression >& params );
189	/// Replaces a polymorphic type with its concrete equivalant under the current environment (returns itself if concrete).
190	/// If `doClone` is set to false, will not clone interior types
191	Type replaceWithConcrete( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type *type, bool doClone = true );
192	/// wraps a function application returning a polymorphic type with a new temporary for the out-parameter return value
193	Expression addPolyRetParam( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, ReferenceToType polyType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg );
194	Expression applyAdapter( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, std::list< Expression >::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
195	void boxParam( Type formal, Expression &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
196	void boxParams( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
197	void addInferredParams( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType functionType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &tyVars );
198	/// Stores assignment operators from assertion list in local map of assignment operations
199	void findAssignOps( const std::list< TypeDecl *> &forall );
200	void passAdapters( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType functionType, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
201	FunctionDecl makeAdapter( FunctionType adaptee, FunctionType *realType, const std::string &mangleName, const TyVarMap &tyVars );
202	/// Replaces intrinsic operator functions with their arithmetic desugaring
203	Expression handleIntrinsics( ApplicationExpr appExpr );
204	/// Inserts a new temporary variable into the current scope with an auto-generated name
205	ObjectDecl makeTemporary( Type type );
206
207	ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType *> assignOps; ///< Currently known type variable assignment operators
208	ResolvExpr::TypeMap< DeclarationWithType > scopedAssignOps; ///< Currently known assignment operators
209	ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType* > adapters; ///< Set of adapter functions in the current scope
210
211	DeclarationWithType *retval;
212	bool useRetval;
213	UniqueName tempNamer;
214	};
215
216	/// * Moves polymorphic returns in function types to pointer-type parameters
217	/// * adds type size and assertion parameters to parameter lists
218	class Pass2 : public PolyMutator {
219	public:
220	template< typename DeclClass >
221	DeclClass handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type *type );
222	virtual DeclarationWithType mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl );
223	virtual ObjectDecl mutate( ObjectDecl objectDecl );
224	virtual TypeDecl mutate( TypeDecl typeDecl );
225	virtual TypedefDecl mutate( TypedefDecl typedefDecl );
226	virtual Type mutate( PointerType pointerType );
227	virtual Type mutate( FunctionType funcType );
228
229	private:
230	void addAdapters( FunctionType *functionType );
231
232	std::map< UniqueId, std::string > adapterName;
233	};
234
235	/// Mutator pass that replaces concrete instantiations of generic types with actual struct declarations, scoped appropriately
236	class GenericInstantiator : public DeclMutator {
237	/// Map of (generic type, parameter list) pairs to concrete type instantiations
238	InstantiationMap< AggregateDecl, AggregateDecl > instantiations;
239	/// Namer for concrete types
240	UniqueName typeNamer;
241
242	public:
243	GenericInstantiator() : DeclMutator(), instantiations(), typeNamer("_conc_") {}
244
245	virtual Type* mutate( StructInstType *inst );
246	virtual Type* mutate( UnionInstType *inst );
247
248	// virtual Expression* mutate( MemberExpr *memberExpr );
249
250	virtual void doBeginScope();
251	virtual void doEndScope();
252	private:
253	/// Wrap instantiation lookup for structs
254	StructDecl* lookup( StructInstType inst, const std::list< TypeExpr > &typeSubs ) { return (StructDecl*)instantiations.lookup( inst->get_baseStruct(), typeSubs ); }
255	/// Wrap instantiation lookup for unions
256	UnionDecl* lookup( UnionInstType inst, const std::list< TypeExpr > &typeSubs ) { return (UnionDecl*)instantiations.lookup( inst->get_baseUnion(), typeSubs ); }
257	/// Wrap instantiation insertion for structs
258	void insert( StructInstType inst, const std::list< TypeExpr > &typeSubs, StructDecl *decl ) { instantiations.insert( inst->get_baseStruct(), typeSubs, decl ); }
259	/// Wrap instantiation insertion for unions
260	void insert( UnionInstType inst, const std::list< TypeExpr > &typeSubs, UnionDecl *decl ) { instantiations.insert( inst->get_baseUnion(), typeSubs, decl ); }
261	};
262
263	/// Replaces member and size/align/offsetof expressions on polymorphic generic types with calculated expressions.
264	/// * Replaces member expressions for polymorphic types with calculated add-field-offset-and-dereference
265	/// * Calculates polymorphic offsetof expressions from offset array
266	/// * Inserts dynamic calculation of polymorphic type layouts where needed
267	class PolyGenericCalculator : public PolyMutator {
268	public:
269	template< typename DeclClass >
270	DeclClass handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type *type );
271	virtual DeclarationWithType mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl );
272	virtual ObjectDecl mutate( ObjectDecl objectDecl );
273	virtual TypedefDecl mutate( TypedefDecl objectDecl );
274	virtual TypeDecl mutate( TypeDecl objectDecl );
275	virtual Statement mutate( DeclStmt declStmt );
276	virtual Type mutate( PointerType pointerType );
277	virtual Type mutate( FunctionType funcType );
278	virtual Expression mutate( MemberExpr memberExpr );
279	virtual Expression mutate( SizeofExpr sizeofExpr );
280	virtual Expression mutate( AlignofExpr alignofExpr );
281	virtual Expression mutate( OffsetofExpr offsetofExpr );
282	virtual Expression mutate( OffsetPackExpr offsetPackExpr );
283
284	virtual void doBeginScope();
285	virtual void doEndScope();
286
287	private:
288	/// Makes a new variable in the current scope with the given name, type & optional initializer
289	ObjectDecl makeVar( const std::string &name, Type type, Initializer *init = 0 );
290	/// returns true if the type has a dynamic layout; such a layout will be stored in appropriately-named local variables when the function returns
291	bool findGeneric( Type *ty );
292	/// adds type parameters to the layout call; will generate the appropriate parameters if needed
293	void addOtypeParamsToLayoutCall( UntypedExpr layoutCall, const std::list< Type > &otypeParams );
294
295	ScopedSet< std::string > knownLayouts; ///< Set of generic type layouts known in the current scope, indexed by sizeofName
296	ScopedSet< std::string > knownOffsets; ///< Set of non-generic types for which the offset array exists in the current scope, indexed by offsetofName
297	};
298
299	/// Replaces initialization of polymorphic values with alloca, declaration of dtype/ftype with appropriate void expression, and sizeof expressions of polymorphic types with the proper variable
300	class Pass3 : public PolyMutator {
301	public:
302	template< typename DeclClass >
303	DeclClass handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type *type );
304	virtual DeclarationWithType mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl );
305	virtual ObjectDecl mutate( ObjectDecl objectDecl );
306	virtual TypedefDecl mutate( TypedefDecl objectDecl );
307	virtual TypeDecl mutate( TypeDecl objectDecl );
308	virtual Type mutate( PointerType pointerType );
309	virtual Type mutate( FunctionType funcType );
310	private:
311	};
312
313	} // anonymous namespace
314
315	/// version of mutateAll with special handling for translation unit so you can check the end of the prelude when debugging
316	template< typename MutatorType >
317	inline void mutateTranslationUnit( std::list< Declaration* > &translationUnit, MutatorType &mutator ) {
318	bool seenIntrinsic = false;
319	SemanticError errors;
320	for ( typename std::list< Declaration* >::iterator i = translationUnit.begin(); i != translationUnit.end(); ++i ) {
321	try {
322	if ( *i ) {
323	if ( (*i)->get_linkage() == LinkageSpec::Intrinsic ) {
324	seenIntrinsic = true;
325	} else if ( seenIntrinsic ) {
326	seenIntrinsic = false; // break on this line when debugging for end of prelude
327	}
328
329	i = dynamic_cast< Declaration >( (*i)->acceptMutator( mutator ) );
330	assert( *i );
331	} // if
332	} catch( SemanticError &e ) {
333	errors.append( e );
334	} // try
335	} // for
336	if ( ! errors.isEmpty() ) {
337	throw errors;
338	} // if
339	}
340
341	void box( std::list< Declaration *>& translationUnit ) {
342	LayoutFunctionBuilder layoutBuilder;
343	Pass1 pass1;
344	Pass2 pass2;
345	GenericInstantiator instantiator;
346	PolyGenericCalculator polyCalculator;
347	Pass3 pass3;
348
349	layoutBuilder.mutateDeclarationList( translationUnit );
350	mutateTranslationUnit/All/( translationUnit, pass1 );
351	mutateTranslationUnit/All/( translationUnit, pass2 );
352	instantiator.mutateDeclarationList( translationUnit );
353	mutateTranslationUnit/All/( translationUnit, polyCalculator );
354	mutateTranslationUnit/All/( translationUnit, pass3 );
355	}
356
357	////////////////////////////////// LayoutFunctionBuilder ////////////////////////////////////////////
358
359	DeclarationWithType LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl ) {
360	functionDecl->set_functionType( maybeMutate( functionDecl->get_functionType(), *this ) );
361	mutateAll( functionDecl->get_oldDecls(), *this );
362	++functionNesting;
363	functionDecl->set_statements( maybeMutate( functionDecl->get_statements(), *this ) );
364	--functionNesting;
365	return functionDecl;
366	}
367
368	/// Get a list of type declarations that will affect a layout function
369	std::list< TypeDecl* > takeOtypeOnly( std::list< TypeDecl* > &decls ) {
370	std::list< TypeDecl * > otypeDecls;
371
372	for ( std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator decl = decls.begin(); decl != decls.end(); ++decl ) {
373	if ( (*decl)->get_kind() == TypeDecl::Any ) {
374	otypeDecls.push_back( *decl );
375	}
376	}
377
378	return otypeDecls;
379	}
380
381	/// Adds parameters for otype layout to a function type
382	void addOtypeParams( FunctionType layoutFnType, std::list< TypeDecl > &otypeParams ) {
383	BasicType sizeAlignType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
384
385	for ( std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator param = otypeParams.begin(); param != otypeParams.end(); ++param ) {
386	TypeInstType paramType( Type::Qualifiers(), (param)->get_name(), param );
387	std::string paramName = mangleType( &paramType );
388	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( new ObjectDecl( sizeofName( paramName ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignType.clone(), 0 ) );
389	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( new ObjectDecl( alignofName( paramName ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignType.clone(), 0 ) );
390	}
391	}
392
393	/// Builds a layout function declaration
394	FunctionDecl buildLayoutFunctionDecl( AggregateDecl typeDecl, unsigned int functionNesting, FunctionType *layoutFnType ) {
395	// Routines at global scope marked "static" to prevent multiple definitions is separate translation units
396	// because each unit generates copies of the default routines for each aggregate.
397	FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = new FunctionDecl(
398	layoutofName( typeDecl ), functionNesting > 0 ? DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass : DeclarationNode::Static, LinkageSpec::AutoGen, layoutFnType, new CompoundStmt( noLabels ), true, false );
399	layoutDecl->fixUniqueId();
400	return layoutDecl;
401	}
402
403	/// Makes a unary operation
404	Expression makeOp( const std::string &name, Expression arg ) {
405	UntypedExpr *expr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( name ) );
406	expr->get_args().push_back( arg );
407	return expr;
408	}
409
410	/// Makes a binary operation
411	Expression makeOp( const std::string &name, Expression lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
412	UntypedExpr *expr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( name ) );
413	expr->get_args().push_back( lhs );
414	expr->get_args().push_back( rhs );
415	return expr;
416	}
417
418	/// Returns the dereference of a local pointer variable
419	Expression derefVar( ObjectDecl var ) {
420	return makeOp( "*?", new VariableExpr( var ) );
421	}
422
423	/// makes an if-statement with a single-expression if-block and no then block
424	Statement makeCond( Expression cond, Expression *ifPart ) {
425	return new IfStmt( noLabels, cond, new ExprStmt( noLabels, ifPart ), 0 );
426	}
427
428	/// makes a statement that assigns rhs to lhs if lhs < rhs
429	Statement makeAssignMax( Expression lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
430	return makeCond( makeOp( "?<?", lhs, rhs ), makeOp( "?=?", lhs->clone(), rhs->clone() ) );
431	}
432
433	/// makes a statement that aligns lhs to rhs (rhs should be an integer power of two)
434	Statement makeAlignTo( Expression lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
435	// check that the lhs is zeroed out to the level of rhs
436	Expression *ifCond = makeOp( "?&?", lhs, makeOp( "?-?", rhs, new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), "1" ) ) ) );
437	// if not aligned, increment to alignment
438	Expression *ifExpr = makeOp( "?+=?", lhs->clone(), makeOp( "?-?", rhs->clone(), ifCond->clone() ) );
439	return makeCond( ifCond, ifExpr );
440	}
441
442	/// adds an expression to a compound statement
443	void addExpr( CompoundStmt stmts, Expression expr ) {
444	stmts->get_kids().push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, expr ) );
445	}
446
447	/// adds a statement to a compound statement
448	void addStmt( CompoundStmt stmts, Statement stmt ) {
449	stmts->get_kids().push_back( stmt );
450	}
451
452	Declaration LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( StructDecl structDecl ) {
453	// do not generate layout function for "empty" tag structs
454	if ( structDecl->get_members().empty() ) return structDecl;
455
456	// get parameters that can change layout, exiting early if none
457	std::list< TypeDecl* > otypeParams = takeOtypeOnly( structDecl->get_parameters() );
458	if ( otypeParams.empty() ) return structDecl;
459
460	// build layout function signature
461	FunctionType *layoutFnType = new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false );
462	BasicType *sizeAlignType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
463	PointerType *sizeAlignOutType = new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), sizeAlignType );
464
465	ObjectDecl *sizeParam = new ObjectDecl( sizeofName( structDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType, 0 );
466	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( sizeParam );
467	ObjectDecl *alignParam = new ObjectDecl( alignofName( structDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
468	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( alignParam );
469	ObjectDecl *offsetParam = new ObjectDecl( offsetofName( structDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
470	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( offsetParam );
471	addOtypeParams( layoutFnType, otypeParams );
472
473	// build function decl
474	FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = buildLayoutFunctionDecl( structDecl, functionNesting, layoutFnType );
475
476	// calculate struct layout in function body
477
478	// initialize size and alignment to 0 and 1 (will have at least one member to re-edit size
479	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "0" ) ) ) );
480	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( alignParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
481	unsigned long n_members = 0;
482	bool firstMember = true;
483	for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = structDecl->get_members().begin(); member != structDecl->get_members().end(); ++member ) {
484	DeclarationWithType dwt = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *member );
485	assert( dwt );
486	Type *memberType = dwt->get_type();
487
488	if ( firstMember ) {
489	firstMember = false;
490	} else {
491	// make sure all members after the first (automatically aligned at 0) are properly padded for alignment
492	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
493	}
494
495	// place current size in the current offset index
496	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", makeOp( "?[?]", new VariableExpr( offsetParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant::from( n_members ) ) ),
497	derefVar( sizeParam ) ) );
498	++n_members;
499
500	// add member size to current size
501	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?+=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new SizeofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
502
503	// take max of member alignment and global alignment
504	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( alignParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
505	}
506	// make sure the type is end-padded to a multiple of its alignment
507	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), derefVar( alignParam ) ) );
508
509	addDeclarationAfter( layoutDecl );
510	return structDecl;
511	}
512
513	Declaration LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( UnionDecl unionDecl ) {
514	// do not generate layout function for "empty" tag unions
515	if ( unionDecl->get_members().empty() ) return unionDecl;
516
517	// get parameters that can change layout, exiting early if none
518	std::list< TypeDecl* > otypeParams = takeOtypeOnly( unionDecl->get_parameters() );
519	if ( otypeParams.empty() ) return unionDecl;
520
521	// build layout function signature
522	FunctionType *layoutFnType = new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false );
523	BasicType *sizeAlignType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
524	PointerType *sizeAlignOutType = new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), sizeAlignType );
525
526	ObjectDecl *sizeParam = new ObjectDecl( sizeofName( unionDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType, 0 );
527	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( sizeParam );
528	ObjectDecl *alignParam = new ObjectDecl( alignofName( unionDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
529	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( alignParam );
530	addOtypeParams( layoutFnType, otypeParams );
531
532	// build function decl
533	FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = buildLayoutFunctionDecl( unionDecl, functionNesting, layoutFnType );
534
535	// calculate union layout in function body
536	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
537	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( alignParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
538	for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = unionDecl->get_members().begin(); member != unionDecl->get_members().end(); ++member ) {
539	DeclarationWithType dwt = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *member );
540	assert( dwt );
541	Type *memberType = dwt->get_type();
542
543	// take max member size and global size
544	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( sizeParam ), new SizeofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
545
546	// take max of member alignment and global alignment
547	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( alignParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
548	}
549	// make sure the type is end-padded to a multiple of its alignment
550	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), derefVar( alignParam ) ) );
551
552	addDeclarationAfter( layoutDecl );
553	return unionDecl;
554	}
555
556	////////////////////////////////////////// Pass1 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
557
558	namespace {
559	std::string makePolyMonoSuffix( FunctionType * function, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
560	std::stringstream name;
561
562	// NOTE: this function previously used isPolyObj, which failed to produce
563	// the correct thing in some situations. It's not clear to me why this wasn't working.
564
565	// if the return type or a parameter type involved polymorphic types, then the adapter will need
566	// to take those polymorphic types as pointers. Therefore, there can be two different functions
567	// with the same mangled name, so we need to further mangle the names.
568	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator retval = function->get_returnVals().begin(); retval != function->get_returnVals().end(); ++retval ) {
569	if ( isPolyType( (*retval)->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
570	name << "P";
571	} else {
572	name << "M";
573	}
574	}
575	name << "_";
576	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> &paramList = function->get_parameters();
577	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = paramList.begin(); arg != paramList.end(); ++arg ) {
578	if ( isPolyType( (*arg)->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
579	name << "P";
580	} else {
581	name << "M";
582	}
583	} // for
584	return name.str();
585	}
586
587	std::string mangleAdapterName( FunctionType * function, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
588	return SymTab::Mangler::mangle( function ) + makePolyMonoSuffix( function, tyVars );
589	}
590
591	std::string makeAdapterName( const std::string &mangleName ) {
592	return "_adapter" + mangleName;
593	}
594
595	Pass1::Pass1() : useRetval( false ), tempNamer( "_temp" ) {}
596
597	/// Returns T if the given declaration is (?=?)(T , T) for some TypeInstType T (return not checked, but maybe should be), NULL otherwise
598	TypeInstType isTypeInstAssignment( DeclarationWithType decl ) {
599	if ( decl->get_name() == "?=?" ) {
600	if ( FunctionType *funType = getFunctionType( decl->get_type() ) ) {
601	if ( funType->get_parameters().size() == 2 ) {
602	if ( PointerType pointer = dynamic_cast< PointerType >( funType->get_parameters().front()->get_type() ) ) {
603	if ( TypeInstType refType = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( pointer->get_base() ) ) {
604	if ( TypeInstType refType2 = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( funType->get_parameters().back()->get_type() ) ) {
605	if ( refType->get_name() == refType2->get_name() ) {
606	return refType;
607	} // if
608	} // if
609	} // if
610	} // if
611	} // if
612	} // if
613	} // if
614	return 0;
615	}
616
617	/// returns T if the given declaration is: (?=?)(T , T) for some type T (return not checked, but maybe should be), NULL otherwise
618	/// Only picks assignments where neither parameter is cv-qualified
619	Type isAssignment( DeclarationWithType decl ) {
620	if ( decl->get_name() == "?=?" ) {
621	if ( FunctionType *funType = getFunctionType( decl->get_type() ) ) {
622	if ( funType->get_parameters().size() == 2 ) {
623	Type::Qualifiers defaultQualifiers;
624	Type *paramType1 = funType->get_parameters().front()->get_type();
625	if ( paramType1->get_qualifiers() != defaultQualifiers ) return 0;
626	Type *paramType2 = funType->get_parameters().back()->get_type();
627	if ( paramType2->get_qualifiers() != defaultQualifiers ) return 0;
628
629	if ( PointerType pointerType = dynamic_cast< PointerType >( paramType1 ) ) {
630	Type *baseType1 = pointerType->get_base();
631	if ( baseType1->get_qualifiers() != defaultQualifiers ) return 0;
632	SymTab::Indexer dummy;
633	if ( ResolvExpr::typesCompatible( baseType1, paramType2, dummy ) ) {
634	return baseType1;
635	} // if
636	} // if
637	} // if
638	} // if
639	} // if
640	return 0;
641	}
642
643	void Pass1::findAssignOps( const std::list< TypeDecl *> &forall ) {
644	// what if a nested function uses an assignment operator?
645	// assignOps.clear();
646	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::const_iterator i = forall.begin(); i != forall.end(); ++i ) {
647	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::const_iterator assert = (i)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*i)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
648	std::string typeName;
649	if ( TypeInstType typeInst = isTypeInstAssignment( assert ) ) {
650	assignOps[ typeInst->get_name() ] = *assert;
651	} // if
652	} // for
653	} // for
654	}
655
656	DeclarationWithType Pass1::mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl ) {
657	// if this is a assignment function, put it in the map for this scope
658	if ( Type *assignedType = isAssignment( functionDecl ) ) {
659	if ( ! dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( assignedType ) ) {
660	scopedAssignOps.insert( assignedType, functionDecl );
661	}
662	}
663
664	if ( functionDecl->get_statements() ) { // empty routine body ?
665	doBeginScope();
666	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
667	assignOps.beginScope();
668	DeclarationWithType *oldRetval = retval;
669	bool oldUseRetval = useRetval;
670
671	// process polymorphic return value
672	retval = 0;
673	if ( isPolyRet( functionDecl->get_functionType() ) && functionDecl->get_linkage() == LinkageSpec::Cforall ) {
674	retval = functionDecl->get_functionType()->get_returnVals().front();
675
676	// give names to unnamed return values
677	if ( retval->get_name() == "" ) {
678	retval->set_name( "_retparm" );
679	retval->set_linkage( LinkageSpec::C );
680	} // if
681	} // if
682
683	FunctionType *functionType = functionDecl->get_functionType();
684	makeTyVarMap( functionDecl->get_functionType(), scopeTyVars );
685	findAssignOps( functionDecl->get_functionType()->get_forall() );
686
687	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> &paramList = functionType->get_parameters();
688	std::list< FunctionType *> functions;
689	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyVar = functionType->get_forall().begin(); tyVar != functionType->get_forall().end(); ++tyVar ) {
690	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assert = (tyVar)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyVar)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
691	findFunction( (*assert)->get_type(), functions, scopeTyVars, needsAdapter );
692	} // for
693	} // for
694	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = paramList.begin(); arg != paramList.end(); ++arg ) {
695	findFunction( (*arg)->get_type(), functions, scopeTyVars, needsAdapter );
696	} // for
697
698	for ( std::list< FunctionType *>::iterator funType = functions.begin(); funType != functions.end(); ++funType ) {
699	std::string mangleName = mangleAdapterName( *funType, scopeTyVars );
700	if ( adapters.find( mangleName ) == adapters.end() ) {
701	std::string adapterName = makeAdapterName( mangleName );
702	adapters.insert( std::pair< std::string, DeclarationWithType >( mangleName, new ObjectDecl( adapterName, DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), makeAdapterType( funType, scopeTyVars ) ), 0 ) ) );
703	} // if
704	} // for
705
706	functionDecl->set_statements( functionDecl->get_statements()->acceptMutator( *this ) );
707
708	scopeTyVars.endScope();
709	assignOps.endScope();
710	retval = oldRetval;
711	useRetval = oldUseRetval;
712	doEndScope();
713	} // if
714	return functionDecl;
715	}
716
717	TypeDecl Pass1::mutate( TypeDecl typeDecl ) {
718	scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
719	return Mutator::mutate( typeDecl );
720	}
721
722	Expression Pass1::mutate( CommaExpr commaExpr ) {
723	bool oldUseRetval = useRetval;
724	useRetval = false;
725	commaExpr->set_arg1( maybeMutate( commaExpr->get_arg1(), *this ) );
726	useRetval = oldUseRetval;
727	commaExpr->set_arg2( maybeMutate( commaExpr->get_arg2(), *this ) );
728	return commaExpr;
729	}
730
731	Expression Pass1::mutate( ConditionalExpr condExpr ) {
732	bool oldUseRetval = useRetval;
733	useRetval = false;
734	condExpr->set_arg1( maybeMutate( condExpr->get_arg1(), *this ) );
735	useRetval = oldUseRetval;
736	condExpr->set_arg2( maybeMutate( condExpr->get_arg2(), *this ) );
737	condExpr->set_arg3( maybeMutate( condExpr->get_arg3(), *this ) );
738	return condExpr;
739
740	}
741
742	void Pass1::passArgTypeVars( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type parmType, Type argBaseType, std::list< Expression >::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars, std::set< std::string > &seenTypes ) {
743	Type *polyType = isPolyType( parmType, exprTyVars );
744	if ( polyType && ! dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( polyType ) ) {
745	std::string typeName = mangleType( polyType );
746	if ( seenTypes.count( typeName ) ) return;
747
748	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new SizeofExpr( argBaseType->clone() ) );
749	arg++;
750	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new AlignofExpr( argBaseType->clone() ) );
751	arg++;
752	if ( dynamic_cast< StructInstType* >( polyType ) ) {
753	if ( StructInstType argBaseStructType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( argBaseType ) ) {
754	// zero-length arrays are forbidden by C, so don't pass offset for empty struct
755	if ( ! argBaseStructType->get_baseStruct()->get_members().empty() ) {
756	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new OffsetPackExpr( argBaseStructType->clone() ) );
757	arg++;
758	}
759	} else {
760	throw SemanticError( "Cannot pass non-struct type for generic struct" );
761	}
762	}
763
764	seenTypes.insert( typeName );
765	}
766	}
767
768	void Pass1::passTypeVars( ApplicationExpr appExpr, ReferenceToType polyRetType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars ) {
769	// pass size/align for type variables
770	for ( TyVarMap::const_iterator tyParm = exprTyVars.begin(); tyParm != exprTyVars.end(); ++tyParm ) {
771	ResolvExpr::EqvClass eqvClass;
772	assert( env );
773	if ( tyParm->second == TypeDecl::Any ) {
774	Type *concrete = env->lookup( tyParm->first );
775	if ( concrete ) {
776	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new SizeofExpr( concrete->clone() ) );
777	arg++;
778	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new AlignofExpr( concrete->clone() ) );
779	arg++;
780	} else {
781	throw SemanticError( "unbound type variable in application ", appExpr );
782	} // if
783	} // if
784	} // for
785
786	// add size/align for generic types to parameter list
787	if ( appExpr->get_function()->get_results().empty() ) return;
788	FunctionType *funcType = getFunctionType( appExpr->get_function()->get_results().front() );
789	assert( funcType );
790
791	std::list< DeclarationWithType* >::const_iterator fnParm = funcType->get_parameters().begin();
792	std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator fnArg = arg;
793	std::set< std::string > seenTypes; //< names for generic types we've seen
794
795	// a polymorphic return type may need to be added to the argument list
796	if ( polyRetType ) {
797	Type *concRetType = replaceWithConcrete( appExpr, polyRetType );
798	passArgTypeVars( appExpr, polyRetType, concRetType, arg, exprTyVars, seenTypes );
799	}
800
801	// add type information args for presently unseen types in parameter list
802	for ( ; fnParm != funcType->get_parameters().end() && fnArg != appExpr->get_args().end(); ++fnParm, ++fnArg ) {
803	VariableExpr fnArgBase = getBaseVar( fnArg );
804	if ( ! fnArgBase \|\| fnArgBase->get_results().empty() ) continue;
805	passArgTypeVars( appExpr, (*fnParm)->get_type(), fnArgBase->get_results().front(), arg, exprTyVars, seenTypes );
806	}
807	}
808
809	ObjectDecl Pass1::makeTemporary( Type type ) {
810	ObjectDecl *newObj = new ObjectDecl( tempNamer.newName(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, type, 0 );
811	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newObj ) );
812	return newObj;
813	}
814
815	Expression Pass1::addRetParam( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, Type retType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg ) {
816	// *** Code Removal *** After introducing a temporary variable for all return expressions, the following code appears superfluous.
817	// if ( useRetval ) {
818	// assert( retval );
819	// arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new VariableExpr( retval ) );
820	// arg++;
821	// } else {
822
823	// Create temporary to hold return value of polymorphic function and produce that temporary as a result
824	// using a comma expression. Possibly change comma expression into statement expression "{}" for multiple
825	// return values.
826	ObjectDecl *newObj = makeTemporary( retType->clone() );
827	Expression *paramExpr = new VariableExpr( newObj );
828
829	// If the type of the temporary is not polymorphic, box temporary by taking its address;
830	// otherwise the temporary is already boxed and can be used directly.
831	if ( ! isPolyType( newObj->get_type(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
832	paramExpr = new AddressExpr( paramExpr );
833	} // if
834	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, paramExpr ); // add argument to function call
835	arg++;
836	// Build a comma expression to call the function and emulate a normal return.
837	CommaExpr *commaExpr = new CommaExpr( appExpr, new VariableExpr( newObj ) );
838	commaExpr->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
839	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
840	return commaExpr;
841	// } // if
842	// return appExpr;
843	}
844
845	void Pass1::replaceParametersWithConcrete( ApplicationExpr appExpr, std::list< Expression >& params ) {
846	for ( std::list< Expression* >::iterator param = params.begin(); param != params.end(); ++param ) {
847	TypeExpr paramType = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr >( *param );
848	assert(paramType && "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");
849	paramType->set_type( replaceWithConcrete( appExpr, paramType->get_type(), false ) );
850	}
851	}
852
853	Type Pass1::replaceWithConcrete( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type *type, bool doClone ) {
854	if ( TypeInstType typeInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( type ) ) {
855	Type *concrete = env->lookup( typeInst->get_name() );
856	if ( concrete == 0 ) {
857	throw SemanticError( "Unbound type variable " + typeInst->get_name() + " in ", appExpr );
858	} // if
859	return concrete;
860	} else if ( StructInstType structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( type ) ) {
861	if ( doClone ) {
862	structType = structType->clone();
863	}
864	replaceParametersWithConcrete( appExpr, structType->get_parameters() );
865	return structType;
866	} else if ( UnionInstType unionType = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType >( type ) ) {
867	if ( doClone ) {
868	unionType = unionType->clone();
869	}
870	replaceParametersWithConcrete( appExpr, unionType->get_parameters() );
871	return unionType;
872	}
873	return type;
874	}
875
876	Expression Pass1::addPolyRetParam( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, ReferenceToType polyType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg ) {
877	assert( env );
878	Type *concrete = replaceWithConcrete( appExpr, polyType );
879	// add out-parameter for return value
880	return addRetParam( appExpr, function, concrete, arg );
881	}
882
883	Expression Pass1::applyAdapter( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, std::list< Expression >::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
884	Expression *ret = appExpr;
885	if ( ! function->get_returnVals().empty() && isPolyType( function->get_returnVals().front()->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
886	ret = addRetParam( appExpr, function, function->get_returnVals().front()->get_type(), arg );
887	} // if
888	std::string mangleName = mangleAdapterName( function, tyVars );
889	std::string adapterName = makeAdapterName( mangleName );
890
891	// cast adaptee to void (*)(), since it may have any type inside a polymorphic function
892	Type * adapteeType = new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), true ) );
893	appExpr->get_args().push_front( new CastExpr( appExpr->get_function(), adapteeType ) );
894	appExpr->set_function( new NameExpr( adapterName ) );
895
896	return ret;
897	}
898
899	void Pass1::boxParam( Type param, Expression &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars ) {
900	assert( ! arg->get_results().empty() );
901	if ( isPolyType( param, exprTyVars ) ) {
902	if ( isPolyType( arg->get_results().front() ) ) {
903	// if the argument's type is polymorphic, we don't need to box again!
904	return;
905	} else if ( arg->get_results().front()->get_isLvalue() ) {
906	// VariableExpr and MemberExpr are lvalues; need to check this isn't coming from the second arg of a comma expression though (not an lvalue)
907	if ( CommaExpr commaArg = dynamic_cast< CommaExpr >( arg ) ) {
908	commaArg->set_arg2( new AddressExpr( commaArg->get_arg2() ) );
909	} else {
910	arg = new AddressExpr( arg );
911	}
912	} else {
913	// use type computed in unification to declare boxed variables
914	Type * newType = param->clone();
915	if ( env ) env->apply( newType );
916	ObjectDecl *newObj = new ObjectDecl( tempNamer.newName(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, newType, 0 );
917	newObj->get_type()->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers(); // TODO: is this right???
918	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newObj ) );
919	UntypedExpr *assign = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?=?" ) );
920	assign->get_args().push_back( new VariableExpr( newObj ) );
921	assign->get_args().push_back( arg );
922	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, assign ) );
923	arg = new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( newObj ) );
924	} // if
925	} // if
926	}
927
928	/// cast parameters to polymorphic functions so that types are replaced with
929	/// void * if they are type parameters in the formal type.
930	/// this gets rid of warnings from gcc.
931	void addCast( Expression &actual, Type formal, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
932	Type * newType = formal->clone();
933	if ( getFunctionType( newType ) ) {
934	newType = ScrubTyVars::scrub( newType, tyVars );
935	actual = new CastExpr( actual, newType );
936	} // if
937	}
938
939	void Pass1::boxParams( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars ) {
940	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::const_iterator param = function->get_parameters().begin(); param != function->get_parameters().end(); ++param, ++arg ) {
941	assert( arg != appExpr->get_args().end() );
942	addCast( arg, (param)->get_type(), exprTyVars );
943	boxParam( (param)->get_type(), arg, exprTyVars );
944	} // for
945	}
946
947	void Pass1::addInferredParams( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType functionType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
948	std::list< Expression *>::iterator cur = arg;
949	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyVar = functionType->get_forall().begin(); tyVar != functionType->get_forall().end(); ++tyVar ) {
950	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assert = (tyVar)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyVar)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
951	InferredParams::const_iterator inferParam = appExpr->get_inferParams().find( (*assert)->get_uniqueId() );
952	assert( inferParam != appExpr->get_inferParams().end() && "NOTE: Explicit casts of polymorphic functions to compatible monomorphic functions are currently unsupported" );
953	Expression *newExpr = inferParam->second.expr->clone();
954	addCast( newExpr, (*assert)->get_type(), tyVars );
955	boxParam( (*assert)->get_type(), newExpr, tyVars );
956	appExpr->get_args().insert( cur, newExpr );
957	} // for
958	} // for
959	}
960
961	void makeRetParm( FunctionType *funcType ) {
962	DeclarationWithType *retParm = funcType->get_returnVals().front();
963
964	// make a new parameter that is a pointer to the type of the old return value
965	retParm->set_type( new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), retParm->get_type() ) );
966	funcType->get_parameters().push_front( retParm );
967
968	// we don't need the return value any more
969	funcType->get_returnVals().clear();
970	}
971
972	FunctionType makeAdapterType( FunctionType adaptee, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
973	// actually make the adapter type
974	FunctionType *adapter = adaptee->clone();
975	if ( ! adapter->get_returnVals().empty() && isPolyType( adapter->get_returnVals().front()->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
976	makeRetParm( adapter );
977	} // if
978	adapter->get_parameters().push_front( new ObjectDecl( "", DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), true ) ), 0 ) );
979	return adapter;
980	}
981
982	Expression makeAdapterArg( DeclarationWithType param, DeclarationWithType arg, DeclarationWithType realParam, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
983	assert( param );
984	assert( arg );
985	if ( isPolyType( realParam->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
986	if ( ! isPolyType( arg->get_type() ) ) {
987	UntypedExpr deref = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?" ) );
988	deref->get_args().push_back( new CastExpr( new VariableExpr( param ), new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), arg->get_type()->clone() ) ) );
989	deref->get_results().push_back( arg->get_type()->clone() );
990	return deref;
991	} // if
992	} // if
993	return new VariableExpr( param );
994	}
995
996	void addAdapterParams( ApplicationExpr adapteeApp, std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator arg, std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator param, std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator paramEnd, std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator realParam, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
997	UniqueName paramNamer( "_p" );
998	for ( ; param != paramEnd; ++param, ++arg, ++realParam ) {
999	if ( (*param)->get_name() == "" ) {
1000	(*param)->set_name( paramNamer.newName() );
1001	(*param)->set_linkage( LinkageSpec::C );
1002	} // if
1003	adapteeApp->get_args().push_back( makeAdapterArg( param, arg, *realParam, tyVars ) );
1004	} // for
1005	}
1006
1007	FunctionDecl Pass1::makeAdapter( FunctionType adaptee, FunctionType *realType, const std::string &mangleName, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
1008	FunctionType *adapterType = makeAdapterType( adaptee, tyVars );
1009	adapterType = ScrubTyVars::scrub( adapterType, tyVars );
1010	DeclarationWithType *adapteeDecl = adapterType->get_parameters().front();
1011	adapteeDecl->set_name( "_adaptee" );
1012	ApplicationExpr *adapteeApp = new ApplicationExpr( new CastExpr( new VariableExpr( adapteeDecl ), new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), realType ) ) );
1013	Statement *bodyStmt;
1014
1015	std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyArg = realType->get_forall().begin();
1016	std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyParam = adapterType->get_forall().begin();
1017	std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator realTyParam = adaptee->get_forall().begin();
1018	for ( ; tyParam != adapterType->get_forall().end(); ++tyArg, ++tyParam, ++realTyParam ) {
1019	assert( tyArg != realType->get_forall().end() );
1020	std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assertArg = (tyArg)->get_assertions().begin();
1021	std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assertParam = (tyParam)->get_assertions().begin();
1022	std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator realAssertParam = (realTyParam)->get_assertions().begin();
1023	for ( ; assertParam != (*tyParam)->get_assertions().end(); ++assertArg, ++assertParam, ++realAssertParam ) {
1024	assert( assertArg != (*tyArg)->get_assertions().end() );
1025	adapteeApp->get_args().push_back( makeAdapterArg( assertParam, assertArg, *realAssertParam, tyVars ) );
1026	} // for
1027	} // for
1028
1029	std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = realType->get_parameters().begin();
1030	std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator param = adapterType->get_parameters().begin();
1031	std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator realParam = adaptee->get_parameters().begin();
1032	param++; // skip adaptee parameter
1033	if ( realType->get_returnVals().empty() ) {
1034	addAdapterParams( adapteeApp, arg, param, adapterType->get_parameters().end(), realParam, tyVars );
1035	bodyStmt = new ExprStmt( noLabels, adapteeApp );
1036	} else if ( isPolyType( adaptee->get_returnVals().front()->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
1037	if ( (*param)->get_name() == "" ) {
1038	(*param)->set_name( "_ret" );
1039	(*param)->set_linkage( LinkageSpec::C );
1040	} // if
1041	UntypedExpr *assign = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?=?" ) );
1042	UntypedExpr deref = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?" ) );
1043	deref->get_args().push_back( new CastExpr( new VariableExpr( *param++ ), new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), realType->get_returnVals().front()->get_type()->clone() ) ) );
1044	assign->get_args().push_back( deref );
1045	addAdapterParams( adapteeApp, arg, param, adapterType->get_parameters().end(), realParam, tyVars );
1046	assign->get_args().push_back( adapteeApp );
1047	bodyStmt = new ExprStmt( noLabels, assign );
1048	} else {
1049	// adapter for a function that returns a monomorphic value
1050	addAdapterParams( adapteeApp, arg, param, adapterType->get_parameters().end(), realParam, tyVars );
1051	bodyStmt = new ReturnStmt( noLabels, adapteeApp );
1052	} // if
1053	CompoundStmt *adapterBody = new CompoundStmt( noLabels );
1054	adapterBody->get_kids().push_back( bodyStmt );
1055	std::string adapterName = makeAdapterName( mangleName );
1056	return new FunctionDecl( adapterName, DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, adapterType, adapterBody, false, false );
1057	}
1058
1059	void Pass1::passAdapters( ApplicationExpr * appExpr, FunctionType * functionType, const TyVarMap & exprTyVars ) {
1060	// collect a list of function types passed as parameters or implicit parameters (assertions)
1061	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> &paramList = functionType->get_parameters();
1062	std::list< FunctionType *> functions;
1063	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyVar = functionType->get_forall().begin(); tyVar != functionType->get_forall().end(); ++tyVar ) {
1064	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assert = (tyVar)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyVar)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
1065	findFunction( (*assert)->get_type(), functions, exprTyVars, needsAdapter );
1066	} // for
1067	} // for
1068	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = paramList.begin(); arg != paramList.end(); ++arg ) {
1069	findFunction( (*arg)->get_type(), functions, exprTyVars, needsAdapter );
1070	} // for
1071
1072	// parameter function types for which an appropriate adapter has been generated. we cannot use the types
1073	// after applying substitutions, since two different parameter types may be unified to the same type
1074	std::set< std::string > adaptersDone;
1075
1076	for ( std::list< FunctionType *>::iterator funType = functions.begin(); funType != functions.end(); ++funType ) {
1077	FunctionType originalFunction = (funType)->clone();
1078	FunctionType realFunction = (funType)->clone();
1079	std::string mangleName = SymTab::Mangler::mangle( realFunction );
1080
1081	// only attempt to create an adapter or pass one as a parameter if we haven't already done so for this
1082	// pre-substitution parameter function type.
1083	if ( adaptersDone.find( mangleName ) == adaptersDone.end() ) {
1084	adaptersDone.insert( adaptersDone.begin(), mangleName );
1085
1086	// apply substitution to type variables to figure out what the adapter's type should look like
1087	assert( env );
1088	env->apply( realFunction );
1089	mangleName = SymTab::Mangler::mangle( realFunction );
1090	mangleName += makePolyMonoSuffix( originalFunction, exprTyVars );
1091
1092	typedef ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType* >::iterator AdapterIter;
1093	AdapterIter adapter = adapters.find( mangleName );
1094	if ( adapter == adapters.end() ) {
1095	// adapter has not been created yet in the current scope, so define it
1096	FunctionDecl newAdapter = makeAdapter( funType, realFunction, mangleName, exprTyVars );
1097	std::pair< AdapterIter, bool > answer = adapters.insert( std::pair< std::string, DeclarationWithType *>( mangleName, newAdapter ) );
1098	adapter = answer.first;
1099	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newAdapter ) );
1100	} // if
1101	assert( adapter != adapters.end() );
1102
1103	// add the appropriate adapter as a parameter
1104	appExpr->get_args().push_front( new VariableExpr( adapter->second ) );
1105	} // if
1106	} // for
1107	} // passAdapters
1108
1109	Expression makeIncrDecrExpr( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type *polyType, bool isIncr ) {
1110	NameExpr *opExpr;
1111	if ( isIncr ) {
1112	opExpr = new NameExpr( "?+=?" );
1113	} else {
1114	opExpr = new NameExpr( "?-=?" );
1115	} // if
1116	UntypedExpr *addAssign = new UntypedExpr( opExpr );
1117	if ( AddressExpr address = dynamic_cast< AddressExpr >( appExpr->get_args().front() ) ) {
1118	addAssign->get_args().push_back( address->get_arg() );
1119	} else {
1120	addAssign->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front() );
1121	} // if
1122	addAssign->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( sizeofName( mangleType( polyType ) ) ) );
1123	addAssign->get_results().front() = appExpr->get_results().front()->clone();
1124	if ( appExpr->get_env() ) {
1125	addAssign->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
1126	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
1127	} // if
1128	appExpr->get_args().clear();
1129	delete appExpr;
1130	return addAssign;
1131	}
1132
1133	Expression Pass1::handleIntrinsics( ApplicationExpr appExpr ) {
1134	if ( VariableExpr varExpr = dynamic_cast< VariableExpr >( appExpr->get_function() ) ) {
1135	if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_linkage() == LinkageSpec::Intrinsic ) {
1136	if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?[?]" ) {
1137	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1138	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 2 );
1139	Type *baseType1 = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_args().front()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1140	Type *baseType2 = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_args().back()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1141	assert( ! baseType1 \|\| ! baseType2 ); // the arguments cannot both be polymorphic pointers
1142	UntypedExpr *ret = 0;
1143	if ( baseType1 \|\| baseType2 ) { // one of the arguments is a polymorphic pointer
1144	ret = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?+?" ) );
1145	} // if
1146	if ( baseType1 ) {
1147	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1148	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().back() );
1149	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType1->clone() ) );
1150	ret->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front() );
1151	ret->get_args().push_back( multiply );
1152	} else if ( baseType2 ) {
1153	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1154	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front() );
1155	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType2->clone() ) );
1156	ret->get_args().push_back( multiply );
1157	ret->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().back() );
1158	} // if
1159	if ( baseType1 \|\| baseType2 ) {
1160	ret->get_results().push_front( appExpr->get_results().front()->clone() );
1161	if ( appExpr->get_env() ) {
1162	ret->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
1163	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
1164	} // if
1165	appExpr->get_args().clear();
1166	delete appExpr;
1167	return ret;
1168	} // if
1169	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "*?" ) {
1170	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1171	assert( ! appExpr->get_args().empty() );
1172	if ( isPolyType( appExpr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1173	Expression *ret = appExpr->get_args().front();
1174	delete ret->get_results().front();
1175	ret->get_results().front() = appExpr->get_results().front()->clone();
1176	if ( appExpr->get_env() ) {
1177	ret->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
1178	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
1179	} // if
1180	appExpr->get_args().clear();
1181	delete appExpr;
1182	return ret;
1183	} // if
1184	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?++" \|\| varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?--" ) {
1185	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1186	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 1 );
1187	if ( Type *baseType = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1188	Type *tempType = appExpr->get_results().front()->clone();
1189	if ( env ) {
1190	env->apply( tempType );
1191	} // if
1192	ObjectDecl *newObj = makeTemporary( tempType );
1193	VariableExpr *tempExpr = new VariableExpr( newObj );
1194	UntypedExpr *assignExpr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?=?" ) );
1195	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( tempExpr->clone() );
1196	if ( AddressExpr address = dynamic_cast< AddressExpr >( appExpr->get_args().front() ) ) {
1197	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( address->get_arg()->clone() );
1198	} else {
1199	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front()->clone() );
1200	} // if
1201	CommaExpr *firstComma = new CommaExpr( assignExpr, makeIncrDecrExpr( appExpr, baseType, varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?++" ) );
1202	return new CommaExpr( firstComma, tempExpr );
1203	} // if
1204	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "++?" \|\| varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "--?" ) {
1205	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1206	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 1 );
1207	if ( Type *baseType = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1208	return makeIncrDecrExpr( appExpr, baseType, varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "++?" );
1209	} // if
1210	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?+?" \|\| varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?-?" ) {
1211	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1212	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 2 );
1213	Type *baseType1 = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_args().front()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1214	Type *baseType2 = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_args().back()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1215	if ( baseType1 && baseType2 ) {
1216	UntypedExpr *divide = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?/?" ) );
1217	divide->get_args().push_back( appExpr );
1218	divide->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType1->clone() ) );
1219	divide->get_results().push_front( appExpr->get_results().front()->clone() );
1220	if ( appExpr->get_env() ) {
1221	divide->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
1222	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
1223	} // if
1224	return divide;
1225	} else if ( baseType1 ) {
1226	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1227	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().back() );
1228	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType1->clone() ) );
1229	appExpr->get_args().back() = multiply;
1230	} else if ( baseType2 ) {
1231	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1232	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front() );
1233	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType2->clone() ) );
1234	appExpr->get_args().front() = multiply;
1235	} // if
1236	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?+=?" \|\| varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?-=?" ) {
1237	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1238	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 2 );
1239	Type *baseType = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1240	if ( baseType ) {
1241	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1242	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().back() );
1243	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType->clone() ) );
1244	appExpr->get_args().back() = multiply;
1245	} // if
1246	} // if
1247	return appExpr;
1248	} // if
1249	} // if
1250	return 0;
1251	}
1252
1253	Expression Pass1::mutate( ApplicationExpr appExpr ) {
1254	// std::cerr << "mutate appExpr: ";
1255	// for ( TyVarMap::iterator i = scopeTyVars.begin(); i != scopeTyVars.end(); ++i ) {
1256	// std::cerr << i->first << " ";
1257	// }
1258	// std::cerr << "\n";
1259	bool oldUseRetval = useRetval;
1260	useRetval = false;
1261	appExpr->get_function()->acceptMutator( *this );
1262	mutateAll( appExpr->get_args(), *this );
1263	useRetval = oldUseRetval;
1264
1265	assert( ! appExpr->get_function()->get_results().empty() );
1266	PointerType pointer = dynamic_cast< PointerType >( appExpr->get_function()->get_results().front() );
1267	assert( pointer );
1268	FunctionType function = dynamic_cast< FunctionType >( pointer->get_base() );
1269	assert( function );
1270
1271	if ( Expression *newExpr = handleIntrinsics( appExpr ) ) {
1272	return newExpr;
1273	} // if
1274
1275	Expression *ret = appExpr;
1276
1277	std::list< Expression *>::iterator arg = appExpr->get_args().begin();
1278	std::list< Expression *>::iterator paramBegin = appExpr->get_args().begin();
1279
1280	TyVarMap exprTyVars( (TypeDecl::Kind)-1 );
1281	makeTyVarMap( function, exprTyVars );
1282	ReferenceToType *polyRetType = isPolyRet( function );
1283
1284	if ( polyRetType ) {
1285	ret = addPolyRetParam( appExpr, function, polyRetType, arg );
1286	} else if ( needsAdapter( function, scopeTyVars ) ) {
1287	// std::cerr << "needs adapter: ";
1288	// for ( TyVarMap::iterator i = scopeTyVars.begin(); i != scopeTyVars.end(); ++i ) {
1289	// std::cerr << i->first << " ";
1290	// }
1291	// std::cerr << "\n";
1292	// change the application so it calls the adapter rather than the passed function
1293	ret = applyAdapter( appExpr, function, arg, scopeTyVars );
1294	} // if
1295	arg = appExpr->get_args().begin();
1296
1297	passTypeVars( appExpr, polyRetType, arg, exprTyVars );
1298	addInferredParams( appExpr, function, arg, exprTyVars );
1299
1300	arg = paramBegin;
1301
1302	boxParams( appExpr, function, arg, exprTyVars );
1303	passAdapters( appExpr, function, exprTyVars );
1304
1305	return ret;
1306	}
1307
1308	Expression Pass1::mutate( UntypedExpr expr ) {
1309	if ( ! expr->get_results().empty() && isPolyType( expr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1310	if ( NameExpr name = dynamic_cast< NameExpr >( expr->get_function() ) ) {
1311	if ( name->get_name() == "*?" ) {
1312	Expression *ret = expr->get_args().front();
1313	expr->get_args().clear();
1314	delete expr;
1315	return ret->acceptMutator( *this );
1316	} // if
1317	} // if
1318	} // if
1319	return PolyMutator::mutate( expr );
1320	}
1321
1322	Expression Pass1::mutate( AddressExpr addrExpr ) {
1323	assert( ! addrExpr->get_arg()->get_results().empty() );
1324
1325	bool needs = false;
1326	if ( UntypedExpr expr = dynamic_cast< UntypedExpr >( addrExpr->get_arg() ) ) {
1327	if ( ! expr->get_results().empty() && isPolyType( expr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1328	if ( NameExpr name = dynamic_cast< NameExpr >( expr->get_function() ) ) {
1329	if ( name->get_name() == "*?" ) {
1330	if ( ApplicationExpr * appExpr = dynamic_cast< ApplicationExpr * >( expr->get_args().front() ) ) {
1331	assert( ! appExpr->get_function()->get_results().empty() );
1332	PointerType pointer = dynamic_cast< PointerType >( appExpr->get_function()->get_results().front() );
1333	assert( pointer );
1334	FunctionType function = dynamic_cast< FunctionType >( pointer->get_base() );
1335	assert( function );
1336	needs = needsAdapter( function, scopeTyVars );
1337	} // if
1338	} // if
1339	} // if
1340	} // if
1341	} // if
1342	addrExpr->set_arg( mutateExpression( addrExpr->get_arg() ) );
1343	if ( isPolyType( addrExpr->get_arg()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) \|\| needs ) {
1344	Expression *ret = addrExpr->get_arg();
1345	delete ret->get_results().front();
1346	ret->get_results().front() = addrExpr->get_results().front()->clone();
1347	addrExpr->set_arg( 0 );
1348	delete addrExpr;
1349	return ret;
1350	} else {
1351	return addrExpr;
1352	} // if
1353	}
1354
1355	/// Wraps a function declaration in a new pointer-to-function variable expression
1356	VariableExpr wrapFunctionDecl( DeclarationWithType functionDecl ) {
1357	// line below cloned from FixFunction.cc
1358	ObjectDecl *functionObj = new ObjectDecl( functionDecl->get_name(), functionDecl->get_storageClass(), functionDecl->get_linkage(), 0,
1359	new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), functionDecl->get_type()->clone() ), 0 );
1360	functionObj->set_mangleName( functionDecl->get_mangleName() );
1361	return new VariableExpr( functionObj );
1362	}
1363
1364	Statement * Pass1::mutate( ReturnStmt *returnStmt ) {
1365	if ( retval && returnStmt->get_expr() ) {
1366	assert( ! returnStmt->get_expr()->get_results().empty() );
1367	// *** Code Removal *** After introducing a temporary variable for all return expressions, the following code appears superfluous.
1368	// if ( returnStmt->get_expr()->get_results().front()->get_isLvalue() ) {
1369	// by this point, a cast expr on a polymorphic return value is redundant
1370	while ( CastExpr castExpr = dynamic_cast< CastExpr >( returnStmt->get_expr() ) ) {
1371	returnStmt->set_expr( castExpr->get_arg() );
1372	returnStmt->get_expr()->set_env( castExpr->get_env() );
1373	castExpr->set_env( 0 );
1374	castExpr->set_arg( 0 );
1375	delete castExpr;
1376	} //while
1377
1378	// find assignment operator for (polymorphic) return type
1379	ApplicationExpr *assignExpr = 0;
1380	if ( TypeInstType typeInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( retval->get_type() ) ) {
1381	// find assignment operator for type variable
1382	ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType *>::const_iterator assignIter = assignOps.find( typeInst->get_name() );
1383	if ( assignIter == assignOps.end() ) {
1384	throw SemanticError( "Attempt to return dtype or ftype object in ", returnStmt->get_expr() );
1385	} // if
1386	assignExpr = new ApplicationExpr( new VariableExpr( assignIter->second ) );
1387	} else if ( ReferenceToType refType = dynamic_cast< ReferenceToType >( retval->get_type() ) ) {
1388	// find assignment operator for generic type
1389	DeclarationWithType *functionDecl = scopedAssignOps.find( refType );
1390	if ( ! functionDecl ) {
1391	throw SemanticError( "Attempt to return dtype or ftype generic object in ", returnStmt->get_expr() );
1392	}
1393
1394	// wrap it up in an application expression
1395	assignExpr = new ApplicationExpr( wrapFunctionDecl( functionDecl ) );
1396	assignExpr->set_env( env->clone() );
1397
1398	// find each of its needed secondary assignment operators
1399	std::list< Expression* > &tyParams = refType->get_parameters();
1400	std::list< TypeDecl* > &forallParams = functionDecl->get_type()->get_forall();
1401	std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator tyIt = tyParams.begin();
1402	std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator forallIt = forallParams.begin();
1403	for ( ; tyIt != tyParams.end() && forallIt != forallParams.end(); ++tyIt, ++forallIt ) {
1404	// Add appropriate mapping to assignment expression environment
1405	TypeExpr formalTypeExpr = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr >( *tyIt );
1406	assert( formalTypeExpr && "type parameters must be type expressions" );
1407	Type *formalType = formalTypeExpr->get_type();
1408	assignExpr->get_env()->add( (*forallIt)->get_name(), formalType );
1409
1410	// skip types with no assign op (ftype/dtype)
1411	if ( (*forallIt)->get_kind() != TypeDecl::Any ) continue;
1412
1413	// find assignment operator for formal type
1414	DeclarationWithType *assertAssign = 0;
1415	if ( TypeInstType formalTypeInstType = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( formalType ) ) {
1416	ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType *>::const_iterator assertAssignIt = assignOps.find( formalTypeInstType->get_name() );
1417	if ( assertAssignIt == assignOps.end() ) {
1418	throw SemanticError( "No assignment operation found for ", formalTypeInstType );
1419	}
1420	assertAssign = assertAssignIt->second;
1421	} else {
1422	assertAssign = scopedAssignOps.find( formalType );
1423	if ( ! assertAssign ) {
1424	throw SemanticError( "No assignment operation found for ", formalType );
1425	}
1426	}
1427
1428	// add inferred parameter for field assignment operator to assignment expression
1429	std::list< DeclarationWithType* > &asserts = (*forallIt)->get_assertions();
1430	assert( ! asserts.empty() && "Type param needs assignment operator assertion" );
1431	DeclarationWithType *actualDecl = asserts.front();
1432	assignExpr->get_inferParams()[ actualDecl->get_uniqueId() ]
1433	= ParamEntry( assertAssign->get_uniqueId(), assertAssign->get_type()->clone(), actualDecl->get_type()->clone(), wrapFunctionDecl( assertAssign ) );
1434	}
1435	}
1436	assert( assignExpr );
1437
1438	// replace return statement with appropriate assignment to out parameter
1439	Expression *retParm = new NameExpr( retval->get_name() );
1440	retParm->get_results().push_back( new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), retval->get_type()->clone() ) );
1441	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( retParm );
1442	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( returnStmt->get_expr() );
1443	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, mutateExpression( assignExpr ) ) );
1444	// } else {
1445	// useRetval = true;
1446	// stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, mutateExpression( returnStmt->get_expr() ) ) );
1447	// useRetval = false;
1448	// } // if
1449	returnStmt->set_expr( 0 );
1450	} else {
1451	returnStmt->set_expr( mutateExpression( returnStmt->get_expr() ) );
1452	} // if
1453	return returnStmt;
1454	}
1455
1456	Type * Pass1::mutate( PointerType *pointerType ) {
1457	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1458	makeTyVarMap( pointerType, scopeTyVars );
1459
1460	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( pointerType );
1461
1462	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1463	return ret;
1464	}
1465
1466	Type * Pass1::mutate( FunctionType *functionType ) {
1467	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1468	makeTyVarMap( functionType, scopeTyVars );
1469
1470	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( functionType );
1471
1472	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1473	return ret;
1474	}
1475
1476	void Pass1::doBeginScope() {
1477	adapters.beginScope();
1478	scopedAssignOps.beginScope();
1479	}
1480
1481	void Pass1::doEndScope() {
1482	adapters.endScope();
1483	scopedAssignOps.endScope();
1484	}
1485
1486	////////////////////////////////////////// Pass2 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1487
1488	void Pass2::addAdapters( FunctionType *functionType ) {
1489	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> &paramList = functionType->get_parameters();
1490	std::list< FunctionType *> functions;
1491	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = paramList.begin(); arg != paramList.end(); ++arg ) {
1492	Type orig = (arg)->get_type();
1493	findAndReplaceFunction( orig, functions, scopeTyVars, needsAdapter );
1494	(*arg)->set_type( orig );
1495	}
1496	std::set< std::string > adaptersDone;
1497	for ( std::list< FunctionType *>::iterator funType = functions.begin(); funType != functions.end(); ++funType ) {
1498	std::string mangleName = mangleAdapterName( *funType, scopeTyVars );
1499	if ( adaptersDone.find( mangleName ) == adaptersDone.end() ) {
1500	std::string adapterName = makeAdapterName( mangleName );
1501	paramList.push_front( new ObjectDecl( adapterName, DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), makeAdapterType( *funType, scopeTyVars ) ), 0 ) );
1502	adaptersDone.insert( adaptersDone.begin(), mangleName );
1503	}
1504	}
1505	// deleteAll( functions );
1506	}
1507
1508	template< typename DeclClass >
1509	DeclClass * Pass2::handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type type ) {
1510	DeclClass ret = static_cast< DeclClass >( Mutator::mutate( decl ) );
1511
1512	return ret;
1513	}
1514
1515	DeclarationWithType * Pass2::mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl ) {
1516	return handleDecl( functionDecl, functionDecl->get_functionType() );
1517	}
1518
1519	ObjectDecl * Pass2::mutate( ObjectDecl *objectDecl ) {
1520	return handleDecl( objectDecl, objectDecl->get_type() );
1521	}
1522
1523	TypeDecl * Pass2::mutate( TypeDecl *typeDecl ) {
1524	scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
1525	if ( typeDecl->get_base() ) {
1526	return handleDecl( typeDecl, typeDecl->get_base() );
1527	} else {
1528	return Mutator::mutate( typeDecl );
1529	}
1530	}
1531
1532	TypedefDecl * Pass2::mutate( TypedefDecl *typedefDecl ) {
1533	return handleDecl( typedefDecl, typedefDecl->get_base() );
1534	}
1535
1536	Type * Pass2::mutate( PointerType *pointerType ) {
1537	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1538	makeTyVarMap( pointerType, scopeTyVars );
1539
1540	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( pointerType );
1541
1542	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1543	return ret;
1544	}
1545
1546	Type Pass2::mutate( FunctionType funcType ) {
1547	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1548	makeTyVarMap( funcType, scopeTyVars );
1549
1550	// move polymorphic return type to parameter list
1551	if ( isPolyRet( funcType ) ) {
1552	DeclarationWithType *ret = funcType->get_returnVals().front();
1553	ret->set_type( new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), ret->get_type() ) );
1554	funcType->get_parameters().push_front( ret );
1555	funcType->get_returnVals().pop_front();
1556	}
1557
1558	// add size/align and assertions for type parameters to parameter list
1559	std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator last = funcType->get_parameters().begin();
1560	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> inferredParams;
1561	ObjectDecl newObj( "", DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), 0 );
1562	ObjectDecl newPtr( "", DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0,
1563	new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ) ), 0 );
1564	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::const_iterator tyParm = funcType->get_forall().begin(); tyParm != funcType->get_forall().end(); ++tyParm ) {
1565	ObjectDecl sizeParm, alignParm;
1566	// add all size and alignment parameters to parameter list
1567	if ( (*tyParm)->get_kind() == TypeDecl::Any ) {
1568	TypeInstType parmType( Type::Qualifiers(), (tyParm)->get_name(), tyParm );
1569	std::string parmName = mangleType( &parmType );
1570
1571	sizeParm = newObj.clone();
1572	sizeParm->set_name( sizeofName( parmName ) );
1573	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, sizeParm );
1574	++last;
1575
1576	alignParm = newObj.clone();
1577	alignParm->set_name( alignofName( parmName ) );
1578	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, alignParm );
1579	++last;
1580	}
1581	// move all assertions into parameter list
1582	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assert = (tyParm)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyParm)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
1583	// assert = (assert)->acceptMutator( *this );
1584	inferredParams.push_back( *assert );
1585	}
1586	(*tyParm)->get_assertions().clear();
1587	}
1588
1589	// add size/align for generic parameter types to parameter list
1590	std::set< std::string > seenTypes; // sizeofName for generic types we've seen
1591	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType* >::const_iterator fnParm = last; fnParm != funcType->get_parameters().end(); ++fnParm ) {
1592	Type polyType = isPolyType( (fnParm)->get_type(), scopeTyVars );
1593	if ( polyType && ! dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( polyType ) ) {
1594	std::string typeName = mangleType( polyType );
1595	if ( seenTypes.count( typeName ) ) continue;
1596
1597	ObjectDecl sizeParm, alignParm, *offsetParm;
1598	sizeParm = newObj.clone();
1599	sizeParm->set_name( sizeofName( typeName ) );
1600	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, sizeParm );
1601	++last;
1602
1603	alignParm = newObj.clone();
1604	alignParm->set_name( alignofName( typeName ) );
1605	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, alignParm );
1606	++last;
1607
1608	if ( StructInstType polyBaseStruct = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( polyType ) ) {
1609	// NOTE zero-length arrays are illegal in C, so empty structs have no offset array
1610	if ( ! polyBaseStruct->get_baseStruct()->get_members().empty() ) {
1611	offsetParm = newPtr.clone();
1612	offsetParm->set_name( offsetofName( typeName ) );
1613	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, offsetParm );
1614	++last;
1615	}
1616	}
1617
1618	seenTypes.insert( typeName );
1619	}
1620	}
1621
1622	// splice assertion parameters into parameter list
1623	funcType->get_parameters().splice( last, inferredParams );
1624	addAdapters( funcType );
1625	mutateAll( funcType->get_returnVals(), *this );
1626	mutateAll( funcType->get_parameters(), *this );
1627
1628	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1629	return funcType;
1630	}
1631
1632	//////////////////////////////////////// GenericInstantiator //////////////////////////////////////////////////
1633
1634	/// Makes substitutions of params into baseParams; returns true if all parameters substituted for a concrete type
1635	bool makeSubstitutions( const std::list< TypeDecl* >& baseParams, const std::list< Expression* >& params, std::list< TypeExpr* >& out ) {
1636	bool allConcrete = true; // will finish the substitution list even if they're not all concrete
1637
1638	// substitute concrete types for given parameters, and incomplete types for placeholders
1639	std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator baseParam = baseParams.begin();
1640	std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator param = params.begin();
1641	for ( ; baseParam != baseParams.end() && param != params.end(); ++baseParam, ++param ) {
1642	// switch ( (*baseParam)->get_kind() ) {
1643	// case TypeDecl::Any: { // any type is a valid substitution here; complete types can be used to instantiate generics
1644	TypeExpr paramType = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr >( *param );
1645	assert(paramType && "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");
1646	out.push_back( paramType->clone() );
1647	// check that the substituted type isn't a type variable itself
1648	if ( dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( paramType->get_type() ) ) {
1649	allConcrete = false;
1650	}
1651	// break;
1652	// }
1653	// case TypeDecl::Dtype: // dtype can be consistently replaced with void [only pointers, which become void*]
1654	// out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new VoidType( Type::Qualifiers() ) ) );
1655	// break;
1656	// case TypeDecl::Ftype: // pointer-to-ftype can be consistently replaced with void (*)(void) [similar to dtype]
1657	// out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false ) ) );
1658	// break;
1659	// }
1660	}
1661
1662	// if any parameters left over, not done
1663	if ( baseParam != baseParams.end() ) return false;
1664	// // if not enough parameters given, substitute remaining incomplete types for placeholders
1665	// for ( ; baseParam != baseParams.end(); ++baseParam ) {
1666	// switch ( (*baseParam)->get_kind() ) {
1667	// case TypeDecl::Any: // no more substitutions here, fail early
1668	// return false;
1669	// case TypeDecl::Dtype: // dtype can be consistently replaced with void [only pointers, which become void*]
1670	// out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new VoidType( Type::Qualifiers() ) ) );
1671	// break;
1672	// case TypeDecl::Ftype: // pointer-to-ftype can be consistently replaced with void (*)(void) [similar to dtype]
1673	// out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false ) ) );
1674	// break;
1675	// }
1676	// }
1677
1678	return allConcrete;
1679	}
1680
1681	/// Substitutes types of members of in according to baseParams => typeSubs, appending the result to out
1682	void substituteMembers( const std::list< Declaration* >& in, const std::list< TypeDecl* >& baseParams, const std::list< TypeExpr* >& typeSubs,
1683	std::list< Declaration* >& out ) {
1684	// substitute types into new members
1685	TypeSubstitution subs( baseParams.begin(), baseParams.end(), typeSubs.begin() );
1686	for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = in.begin(); member != in.end(); ++member ) {
1687	Declaration newMember = (member)->clone();
1688	subs.apply(newMember);
1689	out.push_back( newMember );
1690	}
1691	}
1692
1693	Type* GenericInstantiator::mutate( StructInstType *inst ) {
1694	// mutate subtypes
1695	Type *mutated = Mutator::mutate( inst );
1696	inst = dynamic_cast< StructInstType* >( mutated );
1697	if ( ! inst ) return mutated;
1698
1699	// exit early if no need for further mutation
1700	if ( inst->get_parameters().empty() ) return inst;
1701	assert( inst->get_baseParameters() && "Base struct has parameters" );
1702
1703	// check if type can be concretely instantiated; put substitutions into typeSubs
1704	std::list< TypeExpr* > typeSubs;
1705	if ( ! makeSubstitutions( *inst->get_baseParameters(), inst->get_parameters(), typeSubs ) ) {
1706	deleteAll( typeSubs );
1707	return inst;
1708	}
1709
1710	// make concrete instantiation of generic type
1711	StructDecl *concDecl = lookup( inst, typeSubs );
1712	if ( ! concDecl ) {
1713	// set concDecl to new type, insert type declaration into statements to add
1714	concDecl = new StructDecl( typeNamer.newName( inst->get_name() ) );
1715	substituteMembers( inst->get_baseStruct()->get_members(), *inst->get_baseParameters(), typeSubs, concDecl->get_members() );
1716	DeclMutator::addDeclaration( concDecl );
1717	insert( inst, typeSubs, concDecl );
1718	}
1719	StructInstType *newInst = new StructInstType( inst->get_qualifiers(), concDecl->get_name() );
1720	newInst->set_baseStruct( concDecl );
1721
1722	deleteAll( typeSubs );
1723	delete inst;
1724	return newInst;
1725	}
1726
1727	Type* GenericInstantiator::mutate( UnionInstType *inst ) {
1728	// mutate subtypes
1729	Type *mutated = Mutator::mutate( inst );
1730	inst = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType* >( mutated );
1731	if ( ! inst ) return mutated;
1732
1733	// exit early if no need for further mutation
1734	if ( inst->get_parameters().empty() ) return inst;
1735	assert( inst->get_baseParameters() && "Base union has parameters" );
1736
1737	// check if type can be concretely instantiated; put substitutions into typeSubs
1738	std::list< TypeExpr* > typeSubs;
1739	if ( ! makeSubstitutions( *inst->get_baseParameters(), inst->get_parameters(), typeSubs ) ) {
1740	deleteAll( typeSubs );
1741	return inst;
1742	}
1743
1744	// make concrete instantiation of generic type
1745	UnionDecl *concDecl = lookup( inst, typeSubs );
1746	if ( ! concDecl ) {
1747	// set concDecl to new type, insert type declaration into statements to add
1748	concDecl = new UnionDecl( typeNamer.newName( inst->get_name() ) );
1749	substituteMembers( inst->get_baseUnion()->get_members(), *inst->get_baseParameters(), typeSubs, concDecl->get_members() );
1750	DeclMutator::addDeclaration( concDecl );
1751	insert( inst, typeSubs, concDecl );
1752	}
1753	UnionInstType *newInst = new UnionInstType( inst->get_qualifiers(), concDecl->get_name() );
1754	newInst->set_baseUnion( concDecl );
1755
1756	deleteAll( typeSubs );
1757	delete inst;
1758	return newInst;
1759	}
1760
1761	// /// Gets the base struct or union declaration for a member expression; NULL if not applicable
1762	// AggregateDecl* getMemberBaseDecl( MemberExpr *memberExpr ) {
1763	// // get variable for member aggregate
1764	// VariableExpr varExpr = dynamic_cast< VariableExpr >( memberExpr->get_aggregate() );
1765	// if ( ! varExpr ) return NULL;
1766	//
1767	// // get object for variable
1768	// ObjectDecl objectDecl = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl >( varExpr->get_var() );
1769	// if ( ! objectDecl ) return NULL;
1770	//
1771	// // get base declaration from object type
1772	// Type *objectType = objectDecl->get_type();
1773	// StructInstType structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( objectType );
1774	// if ( structType ) return structType->get_baseStruct();
1775	// UnionInstType unionType = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType >( objectType );
1776	// if ( unionType ) return unionType->get_baseUnion();
1777	//
1778	// return NULL;
1779	// }
1780	//
1781	// /// Finds the declaration with the given name, returning decls.end() if none such
1782	// std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator findDeclNamed( const std::list< Declaration* > &decls, const std::string &name ) {
1783	// for( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator decl = decls.begin(); decl != decls.end(); ++decl ) {
1784	// if ( (*decl)->get_name() == name ) return decl;
1785	// }
1786	// return decls.end();
1787	// }
1788	//
1789	// Expression* Instantiate::mutate( MemberExpr *memberExpr ) {
1790	// // mutate, exiting early if no longer MemberExpr
1791	// Expression *expr = Mutator::mutate( memberExpr );
1792	// memberExpr = dynamic_cast< MemberExpr* >( expr );
1793	// if ( ! memberExpr ) return expr;
1794	//
1795	// // get declaration of member and base declaration of member, exiting early if not found
1796	// AggregateDecl *memberBase = getMemberBaseDecl( memberExpr );
1797	// if ( ! memberBase ) return memberExpr;
1798	// DeclarationWithType *memberDecl = memberExpr->get_member();
1799	// std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator baseIt = findDeclNamed( memberBase->get_members(), memberDecl->get_name() );
1800	// if ( baseIt == memberBase->get_members().end() ) return memberExpr;
1801	// DeclarationWithType baseDecl = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *baseIt );
1802	// if ( ! baseDecl ) return memberExpr;
1803	//
1804	// // check if stated type of the member is not the type of the member's declaration; if so, need a cast
1805	// // this SHOULD be safe, I don't think anything but the void-replacements I put in for dtypes would make it past the typechecker
1806	// SymTab::Indexer dummy;
1807	// if ( ResolvExpr::typesCompatible( memberDecl->get_type(), baseDecl->get_type(), dummy ) ) return memberExpr;
1808	// else return new CastExpr( memberExpr, memberDecl->get_type() );
1809	// }
1810
1811	void GenericInstantiator::doBeginScope() {
1812	DeclMutator::doBeginScope();
1813	instantiations.beginScope();
1814	}
1815
1816	void GenericInstantiator::doEndScope() {
1817	DeclMutator::doEndScope();
1818	instantiations.endScope();
1819	}
1820
1821	////////////////////////////////////////// PolyGenericCalculator ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1822
1823	template< typename DeclClass >
1824	DeclClass * PolyGenericCalculator::handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type type ) {
1825	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1826	makeTyVarMap( type, scopeTyVars );
1827
1828	DeclClass ret = static_cast< DeclClass >( Mutator::mutate( decl ) );
1829
1830	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1831	return ret;
1832	}
1833
1834	ObjectDecl * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( ObjectDecl *objectDecl ) {
1835	return handleDecl( objectDecl, objectDecl->get_type() );
1836	}
1837
1838	DeclarationWithType * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl ) {
1839	return handleDecl( functionDecl, functionDecl->get_functionType() );
1840	}
1841
1842	TypedefDecl * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( TypedefDecl *typedefDecl ) {
1843	return handleDecl( typedefDecl, typedefDecl->get_base() );
1844	}
1845
1846	TypeDecl * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( TypeDecl *typeDecl ) {
1847	scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
1848	return Mutator::mutate( typeDecl );
1849	}
1850
1851	Type * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( PointerType *pointerType ) {
1852	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1853	makeTyVarMap( pointerType, scopeTyVars );
1854
1855	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( pointerType );
1856
1857	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1858	return ret;
1859	}
1860
1861	Type * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( FunctionType *funcType ) {
1862	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1863	makeTyVarMap( funcType, scopeTyVars );
1864
1865	// make sure that any type information passed into the function is accounted for
1866	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType* >::const_iterator fnParm = funcType->get_parameters().begin(); fnParm != funcType->get_parameters().end(); ++fnParm ) {
1867	// condition here duplicates that in Pass2::mutate( FunctionType* )
1868	Type polyType = isPolyType( (fnParm)->get_type(), scopeTyVars );
1869	if ( polyType && ! dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( polyType ) ) {
1870	knownLayouts.insert( mangleType( polyType ) );
1871	}
1872	}
1873
1874	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( funcType );
1875
1876	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1877	return ret;
1878	}
1879
1880	Statement PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( DeclStmt declStmt ) {
1881	if ( ObjectDecl objectDecl = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl >( declStmt->get_decl() ) ) {
1882	if ( findGeneric( objectDecl->get_type() ) ) {
1883	// change initialization of a polymorphic value object
1884	// to allocate storage with alloca
1885	Type *declType = objectDecl->get_type();
1886	UntypedExpr *alloc = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "__builtin_alloca" ) );
1887	alloc->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( sizeofName( mangleType( declType ) ) ) );
1888
1889	delete objectDecl->get_init();
1890
1891	std::list<Expression*> designators;
1892	objectDecl->set_init( new SingleInit( alloc, designators ) );
1893	}
1894	}
1895	return Mutator::mutate( declStmt );
1896	}
1897
1898	/// Finds the member in the base list that matches the given declaration; returns its index, or -1 if not present
1899	long findMember( DeclarationWithType memberDecl, std::list< Declaration > &baseDecls ) {
1900	long i = 0;
1901	for(std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator decl = baseDecls.begin(); decl != baseDecls.end(); ++decl, ++i ) {
1902	if ( memberDecl->get_name() != (*decl)->get_name() ) continue;
1903
1904	if ( DeclarationWithType declWithType = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *decl ) ) {
1905	if ( memberDecl->get_mangleName().empty() \|\| declWithType->get_mangleName().empty()
1906	\|\| memberDecl->get_mangleName() == declWithType->get_mangleName() ) return i;
1907	else continue;
1908	} else return i;
1909	}
1910	return -1;
1911	}
1912
1913	/// Returns an index expression into the offset array for a type
1914	Expression makeOffsetIndex( Type objectType, long i ) {
1915	std::stringstream offset_namer;
1916	offset_namer << i;
1917	ConstantExpr *fieldIndex = new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), offset_namer.str() ) );
1918	UntypedExpr *fieldOffset = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?[?]" ) );
1919	fieldOffset->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( offsetofName( mangleType( objectType ) ) ) );
1920	fieldOffset->get_args().push_back( fieldIndex );
1921	return fieldOffset;
1922	}
1923
1924	/// Returns an expression dereferenced n times
1925	Expression makeDerefdVar( Expression derefdVar, long n ) {
1926	for ( int i = 1; i < n; ++i ) {
1927	UntypedExpr derefExpr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?" ) );
1928	derefExpr->get_args().push_back( derefdVar );
1929	derefdVar = derefExpr;
1930	}
1931	return derefdVar;
1932	}
1933
1934	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( MemberExpr memberExpr ) {
1935	// mutate, exiting early if no longer MemberExpr
1936	Expression *expr = Mutator::mutate( memberExpr );
1937	memberExpr = dynamic_cast< MemberExpr* >( expr );
1938	if ( ! memberExpr ) return expr;
1939
1940	// get declaration for base struct, exiting early if not found
1941	int varDepth;
1942	VariableExpr *varExpr = getBaseVar( memberExpr->get_aggregate(), &varDepth );
1943	if ( ! varExpr ) return memberExpr;
1944	ObjectDecl objectDecl = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl >( varExpr->get_var() );
1945	if ( ! objectDecl ) return memberExpr;
1946
1947	// only mutate member expressions for polymorphic types
1948	int tyDepth;
1949	Type *objectType = hasPolyBase( objectDecl->get_type(), scopeTyVars, &tyDepth );
1950	if ( ! objectType ) return memberExpr;
1951	findGeneric( objectType ); // ensure layout for this type is available
1952
1953	Expression *newMemberExpr = 0;
1954	if ( StructInstType structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( objectType ) ) {
1955	// look up offset index
1956	long i = findMember( memberExpr->get_member(), structType->get_baseStruct()->get_members() );
1957	if ( i == -1 ) return memberExpr;
1958
1959	// replace member expression with pointer to base plus offset
1960	UntypedExpr *fieldLoc = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?+?" ) );
1961	fieldLoc->get_args().push_back( makeDerefdVar( varExpr->clone(), varDepth ) );
1962	fieldLoc->get_args().push_back( makeOffsetIndex( objectType, i ) );
1963	newMemberExpr = fieldLoc;
1964	} else if ( dynamic_cast< UnionInstType* >( objectType ) ) {
1965	// union members are all at offset zero, so build appropriately-dereferenced variable
1966	newMemberExpr = makeDerefdVar( varExpr->clone(), varDepth );
1967	} else return memberExpr;
1968	assert( newMemberExpr );
1969
1970	Type *memberType = memberExpr->get_member()->get_type();
1971	if ( ! isPolyType( memberType, scopeTyVars ) ) {
1972	// Not all members of a polymorphic type are themselves of polymorphic type; in this case the member expression should be wrapped and dereferenced to form an lvalue
1973	CastExpr *ptrCastExpr = new CastExpr( newMemberExpr, new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), memberType->clone() ) );
1974	UntypedExpr derefExpr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?" ) );
1975	derefExpr->get_args().push_back( ptrCastExpr );
1976	newMemberExpr = derefExpr;
1977	}
1978
1979	delete memberExpr;
1980	return newMemberExpr;
1981	}
1982
1983	ObjectDecl PolyGenericCalculator::makeVar( const std::string &name, Type type, Initializer *init ) {
1984	ObjectDecl *newObj = new ObjectDecl( name, DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, type, init );
1985	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newObj ) );
1986	return newObj;
1987	}
1988
1989	void PolyGenericCalculator::addOtypeParamsToLayoutCall( UntypedExpr layoutCall, const std::list< Type > &otypeParams ) {
1990	for ( std::list< Type* >::const_iterator param = otypeParams.begin(); param != otypeParams.end(); ++param ) {
1991	if ( findGeneric( *param ) ) {
1992	// push size/align vars for a generic parameter back
1993	std::string paramName = mangleType( *param );
1994	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( sizeofName( paramName ) ) );
1995	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( alignofName( paramName ) ) );
1996	} else {
1997	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( (*param)->clone() ) );
1998	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AlignofExpr( (*param)->clone() ) );
1999	}
2000	}
2001	}
2002
2003	/// returns true if any of the otype parameters have a dynamic layout and puts all otype parameters in the output list
2004	bool findGenericParams( std::list< TypeDecl* > &baseParams, std::list< Expression* > &typeParams, std::list< Type* > &out ) {
2005	bool hasDynamicLayout = false;
2006
2007	std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator baseParam = baseParams.begin();
2008	std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator typeParam = typeParams.begin();
2009	for ( ; baseParam != baseParams.end() && typeParam != typeParams.end(); ++baseParam, ++typeParam ) {
2010	// skip non-otype parameters
2011	if ( (*baseParam)->get_kind() != TypeDecl::Any ) continue;
2012	TypeExpr typeExpr = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr >( *typeParam );
2013	assert( typeExpr && "all otype parameters should be type expressions" );
2014
2015	Type *type = typeExpr->get_type();
2016	out.push_back( type );
2017	if ( isPolyType( type ) ) hasDynamicLayout = true;
2018	}
2019	assert( baseParam == baseParams.end() && typeParam == typeParams.end() );
2020
2021	return hasDynamicLayout;
2022	}
2023
2024	bool PolyGenericCalculator::findGeneric( Type *ty ) {
2025	if ( TypeInstType typeInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( ty ) ) {
2026	// duplicate logic from isPolyType()
2027	if ( env ) {
2028	if ( Type *newType = env->lookup( typeInst->get_name() ) ) {
2029	return findGeneric( newType );
2030	} // if
2031	} // if
2032	if ( scopeTyVars.find( typeInst->get_name() ) != scopeTyVars.end() ) {
2033	// NOTE assumes here that getting put in the scopeTyVars included having the layout variables set
2034	return true;
2035	}
2036	return false;
2037	} else if ( StructInstType structTy = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( ty ) ) {
2038	// check if this type already has a layout generated for it
2039	std::string typeName = mangleType( ty );
2040	if ( knownLayouts.find( typeName ) != knownLayouts.end() ) return true;
2041
2042	// check if any of the type parameters have dynamic layout; if none do, this type is (or will be) monomorphized
2043	std::list< Type* > otypeParams;
2044	if ( ! findGenericParams( *structTy->get_baseParameters(), structTy->get_parameters(), otypeParams ) ) return false;
2045
2046	// insert local variables for layout and generate call to layout function
2047	knownLayouts.insert( typeName ); // done early so as not to interfere with the later addition of parameters to the layout call
2048	Type *layoutType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
2049
2050	int n_members = structTy->get_baseStruct()->get_members().size();
2051	if ( n_members == 0 ) {
2052	// all empty structs have the same layout - size 1, align 1
2053	makeVar( sizeofName( typeName ), layoutType, new SingleInit( new ConstantExpr( Constant::from( (unsigned long)1 ) ) ) );
2054	makeVar( alignofName( typeName ), layoutType->clone(), new SingleInit( new ConstantExpr( Constant::from( (unsigned long)1 ) ) ) );
2055	// NOTE zero-length arrays are forbidden in C, so empty structs have no offsetof array
2056	} else {
2057	ObjectDecl *sizeVar = makeVar( sizeofName( typeName ), layoutType );
2058	ObjectDecl *alignVar = makeVar( alignofName( typeName ), layoutType->clone() );
2059	ObjectDecl *offsetVar = makeVar( offsetofName( typeName ), new ArrayType( Type::Qualifiers(), layoutType->clone(), new ConstantExpr( Constant::from( n_members ) ), false, false ) );
2060
2061	// generate call to layout function
2062	UntypedExpr *layoutCall = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( layoutofName( structTy->get_baseStruct() ) ) );
2063	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( sizeVar ) ) );
2064	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( alignVar ) ) );
2065	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new VariableExpr( offsetVar ) );
2066	addOtypeParamsToLayoutCall( layoutCall, otypeParams );
2067
2068	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, layoutCall ) );
2069	}
2070
2071	return true;
2072	} else if ( UnionInstType unionTy = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType >( ty ) ) {
2073	// check if this type already has a layout generated for it
2074	std::string typeName = mangleType( ty );
2075	if ( knownLayouts.find( typeName ) != knownLayouts.end() ) return true;
2076
2077	// check if any of the type parameters have dynamic layout; if none do, this type is (or will be) monomorphized
2078	std::list< Type* > otypeParams;
2079	if ( ! findGenericParams( *unionTy->get_baseParameters(), unionTy->get_parameters(), otypeParams ) ) return false;
2080
2081	// insert local variables for layout and generate call to layout function
2082	knownLayouts.insert( typeName ); // done early so as not to interfere with the later addition of parameters to the layout call
2083	Type *layoutType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
2084
2085	ObjectDecl *sizeVar = makeVar( sizeofName( typeName ), layoutType );
2086	ObjectDecl *alignVar = makeVar( alignofName( typeName ), layoutType->clone() );
2087
2088	// generate call to layout function
2089	UntypedExpr *layoutCall = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( layoutofName( unionTy->get_baseUnion() ) ) );
2090	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( sizeVar ) ) );
2091	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( alignVar ) ) );
2092	addOtypeParamsToLayoutCall( layoutCall, otypeParams );
2093
2094	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, layoutCall ) );
2095
2096	return true;
2097	}
2098
2099	return false;
2100	}
2101
2102	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( SizeofExpr sizeofExpr ) {
2103	Type *ty = sizeofExpr->get_type();
2104	if ( findGeneric( ty ) ) {
2105	Expression *ret = new NameExpr( sizeofName( mangleType( ty ) ) );
2106	delete sizeofExpr;
2107	return ret;
2108	}
2109	return sizeofExpr;
2110	}
2111
2112	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( AlignofExpr alignofExpr ) {
2113	Type *ty = alignofExpr->get_type();
2114	if ( findGeneric( ty ) ) {
2115	Expression *ret = new NameExpr( alignofName( mangleType( ty ) ) );
2116	delete alignofExpr;
2117	return ret;
2118	}
2119	return alignofExpr;
2120	}
2121
2122	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( OffsetofExpr offsetofExpr ) {
2123	// mutate, exiting early if no longer OffsetofExpr
2124	Expression *expr = Mutator::mutate( offsetofExpr );
2125	offsetofExpr = dynamic_cast< OffsetofExpr* >( expr );
2126	if ( ! offsetofExpr ) return expr;
2127
2128	// only mutate expressions for polymorphic structs/unions
2129	Type *ty = offsetofExpr->get_type();
2130	if ( ! findGeneric( ty ) ) return offsetofExpr;
2131
2132	if ( StructInstType structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( ty ) ) {
2133	// replace offsetof expression by index into offset array
2134	long i = findMember( offsetofExpr->get_member(), structType->get_baseStruct()->get_members() );
2135	if ( i == -1 ) return offsetofExpr;
2136
2137	Expression *offsetInd = makeOffsetIndex( ty, i );
2138	delete offsetofExpr;
2139	return offsetInd;
2140	} else if ( dynamic_cast< UnionInstType* >( ty ) ) {
2141	// all union members are at offset zero
2142	delete offsetofExpr;
2143	return new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), std::string("0") ) );
2144	} else return offsetofExpr;
2145	}
2146
2147	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( OffsetPackExpr offsetPackExpr ) {
2148	StructInstType *ty = offsetPackExpr->get_type();
2149
2150	Expression *ret = 0;
2151	if ( findGeneric( ty ) ) {
2152	// pull offset back from generated type information
2153	ret = new NameExpr( offsetofName( mangleType( ty ) ) );
2154	} else {
2155	std::string offsetName = offsetofName( mangleType( ty ) );
2156	if ( knownOffsets.find( offsetName ) != knownOffsets.end() ) {
2157	// use the already-generated offsets for this type
2158	ret = new NameExpr( offsetName );
2159	} else {
2160	knownOffsets.insert( offsetName );
2161
2162	std::list< Declaration* > &baseMembers = ty->get_baseStruct()->get_members();
2163	Type *offsetType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
2164
2165	// build initializer list for offset array
2166	std::list< Initializer* > inits;
2167	for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = baseMembers.begin(); member != baseMembers.end(); ++member ) {
2168	DeclarationWithType *memberDecl;
2169	if ( DeclarationWithType origMember = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *member ) ) {
2170	memberDecl = origMember->clone();
2171	} else {
2172	memberDecl = new ObjectDecl( (*member)->get_name(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, offsetType->clone(), 0 );
2173	}
2174	inits.push_back( new SingleInit( new OffsetofExpr( ty->clone(), memberDecl ) ) );
2175	}
2176
2177	// build the offset array and replace the pack with a reference to it
2178	ObjectDecl *offsetArray = makeVar( offsetName, new ArrayType( Type::Qualifiers(), offsetType, new ConstantExpr( Constant::from( baseMembers.size() ) ), false, false ),
2179	new ListInit( inits ) );
2180	ret = new VariableExpr( offsetArray );
2181	}
2182	}
2183
2184	delete offsetPackExpr;
2185	return ret;
2186	}
2187
2188	void PolyGenericCalculator::doBeginScope() {
2189	knownLayouts.beginScope();
2190	knownOffsets.beginScope();
2191	}
2192
2193	void PolyGenericCalculator::doEndScope() {
2194	knownLayouts.endScope();
2195	knownOffsets.endScope();
2196	}
2197
2198	////////////////////////////////////////// Pass3 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
2199
2200	template< typename DeclClass >
2201	DeclClass * Pass3::handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type type ) {
2202	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
2203	makeTyVarMap( type, scopeTyVars );
2204
2205	DeclClass ret = static_cast< DeclClass >( Mutator::mutate( decl ) );
2206	ScrubTyVars::scrub( decl, scopeTyVars );
2207
2208	scopeTyVars.endScope();
2209	return ret;
2210	}
2211
2212	ObjectDecl * Pass3::mutate( ObjectDecl *objectDecl ) {
2213	return handleDecl( objectDecl, objectDecl->get_type() );
2214	}
2215
2216	DeclarationWithType * Pass3::mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl ) {
2217	return handleDecl( functionDecl, functionDecl->get_functionType() );
2218	}
2219
2220	TypedefDecl * Pass3::mutate( TypedefDecl *typedefDecl ) {
2221	return handleDecl( typedefDecl, typedefDecl->get_base() );
2222	}
2223
2224	TypeDecl * Pass3::mutate( TypeDecl *typeDecl ) {
2225	// Initializer *init = 0;
2226	// std::list< Expression *> designators;
2227	// scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
2228	// if ( typeDecl->get_base() ) {
2229	// init = new SimpleInit( new SizeofExpr( handleDecl( typeDecl, typeDecl->get_base() ) ), designators );
2230	// }
2231	// return new ObjectDecl( typeDecl->get_name(), Declaration::Extern, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::UnsignedInt ), init );
2232
2233	scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
2234	return Mutator::mutate( typeDecl );
2235	}
2236
2237	Type * Pass3::mutate( PointerType *pointerType ) {
2238	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
2239	makeTyVarMap( pointerType, scopeTyVars );
2240
2241	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( pointerType );
2242
2243	scopeTyVars.endScope();
2244	return ret;
2245	}
2246
2247	Type * Pass3::mutate( FunctionType *functionType ) {
2248	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
2249	makeTyVarMap( functionType, scopeTyVars );
2250
2251	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( functionType );
2252
2253	scopeTyVars.endScope();
2254	return ret;
2255	}
2256	} // anonymous namespace
2257	} // namespace GenPoly
2258
2259	// Local Variables: //
2260	// tab-width: 4 //
2261	// mode: c++ //
2262	// compile-command: "make install" //
2263	// End: //

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