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Last change on this file since cc3528f was cc3528f, checked in by Rob Schluntz <rschlunt@…>, 10 years ago
Added a few comments to Box.cc
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 102.7 KB

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1	//
2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
3	//
4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6	//
7	// Box.cc --
8	//
9	// Author : Richard C. Bilson
10	// Created On : Mon May 18 07:44:20 2015
11	// Last Modified By : Rob Schluntz
12	// Last Modified On : Fri May 13 13:59:22 2016
13	// Update Count : 295
14	//
15
16	#include <algorithm>
17	#include <iterator>
18	#include <list>
19	#include <map>
20	#include <set>
21	#include <stack>
22	#include <string>
23	#include <utility>
24	#include <vector>
25	#include <cassert>
26
27	#include "Box.h"
28	#include "DeclMutator.h"
29	#include "PolyMutator.h"
30	#include "FindFunction.h"
31	#include "ScopedMap.h"
32	#include "ScopedSet.h"
33	#include "ScrubTyVars.h"
34
35	#include "Parser/ParseNode.h"
36
37	#include "SynTree/Constant.h"
38	#include "SynTree/Declaration.h"
39	#include "SynTree/Expression.h"
40	#include "SynTree/Initializer.h"
41	#include "SynTree/Mutator.h"
42	#include "SynTree/Statement.h"
43	#include "SynTree/Type.h"
44	#include "SynTree/TypeSubstitution.h"
45
46	#include "ResolvExpr/TypeEnvironment.h"
47	#include "ResolvExpr/TypeMap.h"
48	#include "ResolvExpr/typeops.h"
49
50	#include "SymTab/Indexer.h"
51	#include "SymTab/Mangler.h"
52
53	#include "Common/SemanticError.h"
54	#include "Common/UniqueName.h"
55	#include "Common/utility.h"
56
57	#include <ext/functional> // temporary
58
59	namespace GenPoly {
60	namespace {
61	const std::list<Label> noLabels;
62
63	FunctionType makeAdapterType( FunctionType adaptee, const TyVarMap &tyVars );
64
65	/// Abstracts type equality for a list of parameter types
66	struct TypeList {
67	TypeList() : params() {}
68	TypeList( const std::list< Type* > &_params ) : params() { cloneAll(_params, params); }
69	TypeList( std::list< Type* > &&_params ) : params( _params ) {}
70
71	TypeList( const TypeList &that ) : params() { cloneAll(that.params, params); }
72	TypeList( TypeList &&that ) : params( std::move( that.params ) ) {}
73
74	/// Extracts types from a list of TypeExpr*
75	TypeList( const std::list< TypeExpr* >& _params ) : params() {
76	for ( std::list< TypeExpr* >::const_iterator param = _params.begin(); param != _params.end(); ++param ) {
77	params.push_back( (*param)->get_type()->clone() );
78	}
79	}
80
81	TypeList& operator= ( const TypeList &that ) {
82	deleteAll( params );
83
84	params.clear();
85	cloneAll( that.params, params );
86
87	return *this;
88	}
89
90	TypeList& operator= ( TypeList &&that ) {
91	deleteAll( params );
92
93	params = std::move( that.params );
94
95	return *this;
96	}
97
98	~TypeList() { deleteAll( params ); }
99
100	bool operator== ( const TypeList& that ) const {
101	if ( params.size() != that.params.size() ) return false;
102
103	SymTab::Indexer dummy;
104	for ( std::list< Type* >::const_iterator it = params.begin(), jt = that.params.begin(); it != params.end(); ++it, ++jt ) {
105	if ( ! ResolvExpr::typesCompatible( it, jt, dummy ) ) return false;
106	}
107	return true;
108	}
109
110	std::list< Type* > params; ///< Instantiation parameters
111	};
112
113	/// Maps a key and a TypeList to the some value, accounting for scope
114	template< typename Key, typename Value >
115	class InstantiationMap {
116	/// Wraps value for a specific (Key, TypeList) combination
117	typedef std::pair< TypeList, Value* > Instantiation;
118	/// List of TypeLists paired with their appropriate values
119	typedef std::vector< Instantiation > ValueList;
120	/// Underlying map type; maps keys to a linear list of corresponding TypeLists and values
121	typedef ScopedMap< Key*, ValueList > InnerMap;
122
123	InnerMap instantiations; ///< instantiations
124
125	public:
126	/// Starts a new scope
127	void beginScope() { instantiations.beginScope(); }
128
129	/// Ends a scope
130	void endScope() { instantiations.endScope(); }
131
132	/// Gets the value for the (key, typeList) pair, returns NULL on none such.
133	Value lookup( Key key, const std::list< TypeExpr* >& params ) const {
134	TypeList typeList( params );
135
136	// scan scopes for matches to the key
137	for ( typename InnerMap::const_iterator insts = instantiations.find( key ); insts != instantiations.end(); insts = instantiations.findNext( insts, key ) ) {
138	for ( typename ValueList::const_reverse_iterator inst = insts->second.rbegin(); inst != insts->second.rend(); ++inst ) {
139	if ( inst->first == typeList ) return inst->second;
140	}
141	}
142	// no matching instantiations found
143	return 0;
144	}
145
146	/// Adds a value for a (key, typeList) pair to the current scope
147	void insert( Key key, const std::list< TypeExpr > &params, Value *value ) {
148	instantiations[ key ].push_back( Instantiation( TypeList( params ), value ) );
149	}
150	};
151
152	/// Adds layout-generation functions to polymorphic types
153	class LayoutFunctionBuilder : public DeclMutator {
154	unsigned int functionNesting; // current level of nested functions
155	public:
156	LayoutFunctionBuilder() : functionNesting( 0 ) {}
157
158	virtual DeclarationWithType mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl );
159	virtual Declaration mutate( StructDecl structDecl );
160	virtual Declaration mutate( UnionDecl unionDecl );
161	};
162
163	/// Replaces polymorphic return types with out-parameters, replaces calls to polymorphic functions with adapter calls as needed, and adds appropriate type variables to the function call
164	class Pass1 : public PolyMutator {
165	public:
166	Pass1();
167	virtual Expression mutate( ApplicationExpr appExpr );
168	virtual Expression mutate( AddressExpr addrExpr );
169	virtual Expression mutate( UntypedExpr expr );
170	virtual DeclarationWithType* mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl );
171	virtual TypeDecl mutate( TypeDecl typeDecl );
172	virtual Expression mutate( CommaExpr commaExpr );
173	virtual Expression mutate( ConditionalExpr condExpr );
174	virtual Statement * mutate( ReturnStmt *returnStmt );
175	virtual Type mutate( PointerType pointerType );
176	virtual Type * mutate( FunctionType *functionType );
177
178	virtual void doBeginScope();
179	virtual void doEndScope();
180	private:
181	/// Pass the extra type parameters from polymorphic generic arguments or return types into a function application
182	void passArgTypeVars( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type parmType, Type argBaseType, std::list< Expression >::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars, std::set< std::string > &seenTypes );
183	/// passes extra type parameters into a polymorphic function application
184	void passTypeVars( ApplicationExpr appExpr, ReferenceToType polyRetType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
185	/// wraps a function application with a new temporary for the out-parameter return value
186	Expression addRetParam( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, Type retType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg );
187	/// Replaces all the type parameters of a generic type with their concrete equivalents under the current environment
188	void replaceParametersWithConcrete( ApplicationExpr appExpr, std::list< Expression >& params );
189	/// Replaces a polymorphic type with its concrete equivalant under the current environment (returns itself if concrete).
190	/// If `doClone` is set to false, will not clone interior types
191	Type replaceWithConcrete( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type *type, bool doClone = true );
192	/// wraps a function application returning a polymorphic type with a new temporary for the out-parameter return value
193	Expression addPolyRetParam( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, ReferenceToType polyType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg );
194	Expression applyAdapter( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, std::list< Expression >::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
195	void boxParam( Type formal, Expression &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
196	void boxParams( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
197	void addInferredParams( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType functionType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &tyVars );
198	/// Stores assignment operators from assertion list in local map of assignment operations
199	void findAssignOps( const std::list< TypeDecl *> &forall );
200	void passAdapters( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType functionType, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars );
201	FunctionDecl makeAdapter( FunctionType adaptee, FunctionType *realType, const std::string &mangleName, const TyVarMap &tyVars );
202	/// Replaces intrinsic operator functions with their arithmetic desugaring
203	Expression handleIntrinsics( ApplicationExpr appExpr );
204	/// Inserts a new temporary variable into the current scope with an auto-generated name
205	ObjectDecl makeTemporary( Type type );
206
207	ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType *> assignOps; ///< Currently known type variable assignment operators
208	ResolvExpr::TypeMap< DeclarationWithType > scopedAssignOps; ///< Currently known assignment operators
209	ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType* > adapters; ///< Set of adapter functions in the current scope
210
211	DeclarationWithType *retval;
212	bool useRetval;
213	UniqueName tempNamer;
214	};
215
216	/// * Moves polymorphic returns in function types to pointer-type parameters
217	/// * adds type size and assertion parameters to parameter lists
218	class Pass2 : public PolyMutator {
219	public:
220	template< typename DeclClass >
221	DeclClass handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type *type );
222	virtual DeclarationWithType mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl );
223	virtual ObjectDecl mutate( ObjectDecl objectDecl );
224	virtual TypeDecl mutate( TypeDecl typeDecl );
225	virtual TypedefDecl mutate( TypedefDecl typedefDecl );
226	virtual Type mutate( PointerType pointerType );
227	virtual Type mutate( FunctionType funcType );
228
229	private:
230	void addAdapters( FunctionType *functionType );
231
232	std::map< UniqueId, std::string > adapterName;
233	};
234
235	/// Mutator pass that replaces concrete instantiations of generic types with actual struct declarations, scoped appropriately
236	class GenericInstantiator : public DeclMutator {
237	/// Map of (generic type, parameter list) pairs to concrete type instantiations
238	InstantiationMap< AggregateDecl, AggregateDecl > instantiations;
239	/// Namer for concrete types
240	UniqueName typeNamer;
241
242	public:
243	GenericInstantiator() : DeclMutator(), instantiations(), typeNamer("_conc_") {}
244
245	virtual Type* mutate( StructInstType *inst );
246	virtual Type* mutate( UnionInstType *inst );
247
248	// virtual Expression* mutate( MemberExpr *memberExpr );
249
250	virtual void doBeginScope();
251	virtual void doEndScope();
252	private:
253	/// Wrap instantiation lookup for structs
254	StructDecl* lookup( StructInstType inst, const std::list< TypeExpr > &typeSubs ) { return (StructDecl*)instantiations.lookup( inst->get_baseStruct(), typeSubs ); }
255	/// Wrap instantiation lookup for unions
256	UnionDecl* lookup( UnionInstType inst, const std::list< TypeExpr > &typeSubs ) { return (UnionDecl*)instantiations.lookup( inst->get_baseUnion(), typeSubs ); }
257	/// Wrap instantiation insertion for structs
258	void insert( StructInstType inst, const std::list< TypeExpr > &typeSubs, StructDecl *decl ) { instantiations.insert( inst->get_baseStruct(), typeSubs, decl ); }
259	/// Wrap instantiation insertion for unions
260	void insert( UnionInstType inst, const std::list< TypeExpr > &typeSubs, UnionDecl *decl ) { instantiations.insert( inst->get_baseUnion(), typeSubs, decl ); }
261	};
262
263	/// Replaces member and size/align/offsetof expressions on polymorphic generic types with calculated expressions.
264	/// * Replaces member expressions for polymorphic types with calculated add-field-offset-and-dereference
265	/// * Calculates polymorphic offsetof expressions from offset array
266	/// * Inserts dynamic calculation of polymorphic type layouts where needed
267	class PolyGenericCalculator : public PolyMutator {
268	public:
269	template< typename DeclClass >
270	DeclClass handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type *type );
271	virtual DeclarationWithType mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl );
272	virtual ObjectDecl mutate( ObjectDecl objectDecl );
273	virtual TypedefDecl mutate( TypedefDecl objectDecl );
274	virtual TypeDecl mutate( TypeDecl objectDecl );
275	virtual Statement mutate( DeclStmt declStmt );
276	virtual Type mutate( PointerType pointerType );
277	virtual Type mutate( FunctionType funcType );
278	virtual Expression mutate( MemberExpr memberExpr );
279	virtual Expression mutate( SizeofExpr sizeofExpr );
280	virtual Expression mutate( AlignofExpr alignofExpr );
281	virtual Expression mutate( OffsetofExpr offsetofExpr );
282	virtual Expression mutate( OffsetPackExpr offsetPackExpr );
283
284	virtual void doBeginScope();
285	virtual void doEndScope();
286
287	private:
288	/// Makes a new variable in the current scope with the given name, type & optional initializer
289	ObjectDecl makeVar( const std::string &name, Type type, Initializer *init = 0 );
290	/// returns true if the type has a dynamic layout; such a layout will be stored in appropriately-named local variables when the function returns
291	bool findGeneric( Type *ty );
292	/// adds type parameters to the layout call; will generate the appropriate parameters if needed
293	void addOtypeParamsToLayoutCall( UntypedExpr layoutCall, const std::list< Type > &otypeParams );
294
295	/// Enters a new scope for type-variables, adding the type variables from ty
296	void beginTypeScope( Type *ty );
297	/// Exits the type-variable scope
298	void endTypeScope();
299
300	ScopedSet< std::string > knownLayouts; ///< Set of generic type layouts known in the current scope, indexed by sizeofName
301	ScopedSet< std::string > knownOffsets; ///< Set of non-generic types for which the offset array exists in the current scope, indexed by offsetofName
302	};
303
304	/// Replaces initialization of polymorphic values with alloca, declaration of dtype/ftype with appropriate void expression, and sizeof expressions of polymorphic types with the proper variable
305	class Pass3 : public PolyMutator {
306	public:
307	template< typename DeclClass >
308	DeclClass handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type *type );
309	virtual DeclarationWithType mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl );
310	virtual ObjectDecl mutate( ObjectDecl objectDecl );
311	virtual TypedefDecl mutate( TypedefDecl objectDecl );
312	virtual TypeDecl mutate( TypeDecl objectDecl );
313	virtual Type mutate( PointerType pointerType );
314	virtual Type mutate( FunctionType funcType );
315	private:
316	};
317
318	} // anonymous namespace
319
320	/// version of mutateAll with special handling for translation unit so you can check the end of the prelude when debugging
321	template< typename MutatorType >
322	inline void mutateTranslationUnit( std::list< Declaration* > &translationUnit, MutatorType &mutator ) {
323	bool seenIntrinsic = false;
324	SemanticError errors;
325	for ( typename std::list< Declaration* >::iterator i = translationUnit.begin(); i != translationUnit.end(); ++i ) {
326	try {
327	if ( *i ) {
328	if ( (*i)->get_linkage() == LinkageSpec::Intrinsic ) {
329	seenIntrinsic = true;
330	} else if ( seenIntrinsic ) {
331	seenIntrinsic = false; // break on this line when debugging for end of prelude
332	}
333
334	i = dynamic_cast< Declaration >( (*i)->acceptMutator( mutator ) );
335	assert( *i );
336	} // if
337	} catch( SemanticError &e ) {
338	errors.append( e );
339	} // try
340	} // for
341	if ( ! errors.isEmpty() ) {
342	throw errors;
343	} // if
344	}
345
346	void box( std::list< Declaration *>& translationUnit ) {
347	LayoutFunctionBuilder layoutBuilder;
348	Pass1 pass1;
349	Pass2 pass2;
350	GenericInstantiator instantiator;
351	PolyGenericCalculator polyCalculator;
352	Pass3 pass3;
353
354	layoutBuilder.mutateDeclarationList( translationUnit );
355	mutateTranslationUnit/All/( translationUnit, pass1 );
356	mutateTranslationUnit/All/( translationUnit, pass2 );
357	instantiator.mutateDeclarationList( translationUnit );
358	mutateTranslationUnit/All/( translationUnit, polyCalculator );
359	mutateTranslationUnit/All/( translationUnit, pass3 );
360	}
361
362	////////////////////////////////// LayoutFunctionBuilder ////////////////////////////////////////////
363
364	DeclarationWithType LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl ) {
365	functionDecl->set_functionType( maybeMutate( functionDecl->get_functionType(), *this ) );
366	mutateAll( functionDecl->get_oldDecls(), *this );
367	++functionNesting;
368	functionDecl->set_statements( maybeMutate( functionDecl->get_statements(), *this ) );
369	--functionNesting;
370	return functionDecl;
371	}
372
373	/// Get a list of type declarations that will affect a layout function
374	std::list< TypeDecl* > takeOtypeOnly( std::list< TypeDecl* > &decls ) {
375	std::list< TypeDecl * > otypeDecls;
376
377	for ( std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator decl = decls.begin(); decl != decls.end(); ++decl ) {
378	if ( (*decl)->get_kind() == TypeDecl::Any ) {
379	otypeDecls.push_back( *decl );
380	}
381	}
382
383	return otypeDecls;
384	}
385
386	/// Adds parameters for otype layout to a function type
387	void addOtypeParams( FunctionType layoutFnType, std::list< TypeDecl > &otypeParams ) {
388	BasicType sizeAlignType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
389
390	for ( std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator param = otypeParams.begin(); param != otypeParams.end(); ++param ) {
391	TypeInstType paramType( Type::Qualifiers(), (param)->get_name(), param );
392	std::string paramName = mangleType( &paramType );
393	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( new ObjectDecl( sizeofName( paramName ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignType.clone(), 0 ) );
394	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( new ObjectDecl( alignofName( paramName ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignType.clone(), 0 ) );
395	}
396	}
397
398	/// Builds a layout function declaration
399	FunctionDecl buildLayoutFunctionDecl( AggregateDecl typeDecl, unsigned int functionNesting, FunctionType *layoutFnType ) {
400	// Routines at global scope marked "static" to prevent multiple definitions is separate translation units
401	// because each unit generates copies of the default routines for each aggregate.
402	FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = new FunctionDecl(
403	layoutofName( typeDecl ), functionNesting > 0 ? DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass : DeclarationNode::Static, LinkageSpec::AutoGen, layoutFnType, new CompoundStmt( noLabels ), true, false );
404	layoutDecl->fixUniqueId();
405	return layoutDecl;
406	}
407
408	/// Makes a unary operation
409	Expression makeOp( const std::string &name, Expression arg ) {
410	UntypedExpr *expr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( name ) );
411	expr->get_args().push_back( arg );
412	return expr;
413	}
414
415	/// Makes a binary operation
416	Expression makeOp( const std::string &name, Expression lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
417	UntypedExpr *expr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( name ) );
418	expr->get_args().push_back( lhs );
419	expr->get_args().push_back( rhs );
420	return expr;
421	}
422
423	/// Returns the dereference of a local pointer variable
424	Expression derefVar( ObjectDecl var ) {
425	return makeOp( "*?", new VariableExpr( var ) );
426	}
427
428	/// makes an if-statement with a single-expression if-block and no then block
429	Statement makeCond( Expression cond, Expression *ifPart ) {
430	return new IfStmt( noLabels, cond, new ExprStmt( noLabels, ifPart ), 0 );
431	}
432
433	/// makes a statement that assigns rhs to lhs if lhs < rhs
434	Statement makeAssignMax( Expression lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
435	return makeCond( makeOp( "?<?", lhs, rhs ), makeOp( "?=?", lhs->clone(), rhs->clone() ) );
436	}
437
438	/// makes a statement that aligns lhs to rhs (rhs should be an integer power of two)
439	Statement makeAlignTo( Expression lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
440	// check that the lhs is zeroed out to the level of rhs
441	Expression *ifCond = makeOp( "?&?", lhs, makeOp( "?-?", rhs, new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), "1" ) ) ) );
442	// if not aligned, increment to alignment
443	Expression *ifExpr = makeOp( "?+=?", lhs->clone(), makeOp( "?-?", rhs->clone(), ifCond->clone() ) );
444	return makeCond( ifCond, ifExpr );
445	}
446
447	/// adds an expression to a compound statement
448	void addExpr( CompoundStmt stmts, Expression expr ) {
449	stmts->get_kids().push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, expr ) );
450	}
451
452	/// adds a statement to a compound statement
453	void addStmt( CompoundStmt stmts, Statement stmt ) {
454	stmts->get_kids().push_back( stmt );
455	}
456
457	Declaration LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( StructDecl structDecl ) {
458	// do not generate layout function for "empty" tag structs
459	if ( structDecl->get_members().empty() ) return structDecl;
460
461	// get parameters that can change layout, exiting early if none
462	std::list< TypeDecl* > otypeParams = takeOtypeOnly( structDecl->get_parameters() );
463	if ( otypeParams.empty() ) return structDecl;
464
465	// build layout function signature
466	FunctionType *layoutFnType = new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false );
467	BasicType *sizeAlignType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
468	PointerType *sizeAlignOutType = new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), sizeAlignType );
469
470	ObjectDecl *sizeParam = new ObjectDecl( sizeofName( structDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType, 0 );
471	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( sizeParam );
472	ObjectDecl *alignParam = new ObjectDecl( alignofName( structDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
473	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( alignParam );
474	ObjectDecl *offsetParam = new ObjectDecl( offsetofName( structDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
475	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( offsetParam );
476	addOtypeParams( layoutFnType, otypeParams );
477
478	// build function decl
479	FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = buildLayoutFunctionDecl( structDecl, functionNesting, layoutFnType );
480
481	// calculate struct layout in function body
482
483	// initialize size and alignment to 0 and 1 (will have at least one member to re-edit size
484	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "0" ) ) ) );
485	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( alignParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
486	unsigned long n_members = 0;
487	bool firstMember = true;
488	for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = structDecl->get_members().begin(); member != structDecl->get_members().end(); ++member ) {
489	DeclarationWithType dwt = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *member );
490	assert( dwt );
491	Type *memberType = dwt->get_type();
492
493	if ( firstMember ) {
494	firstMember = false;
495	} else {
496	// make sure all members after the first (automatically aligned at 0) are properly padded for alignment
497	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
498	}
499
500	// place current size in the current offset index
501	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", makeOp( "?[?]", new VariableExpr( offsetParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_ulong( n_members ) ) ),
502	derefVar( sizeParam ) ) );
503	++n_members;
504
505	// add member size to current size
506	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?+=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new SizeofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
507
508	// take max of member alignment and global alignment
509	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( alignParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
510	}
511	// make sure the type is end-padded to a multiple of its alignment
512	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), derefVar( alignParam ) ) );
513
514	addDeclarationAfter( layoutDecl );
515	return structDecl;
516	}
517
518	Declaration LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( UnionDecl unionDecl ) {
519	// do not generate layout function for "empty" tag unions
520	if ( unionDecl->get_members().empty() ) return unionDecl;
521
522	// get parameters that can change layout, exiting early if none
523	std::list< TypeDecl* > otypeParams = takeOtypeOnly( unionDecl->get_parameters() );
524	if ( otypeParams.empty() ) return unionDecl;
525
526	// build layout function signature
527	FunctionType *layoutFnType = new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false );
528	BasicType *sizeAlignType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
529	PointerType *sizeAlignOutType = new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), sizeAlignType );
530
531	ObjectDecl *sizeParam = new ObjectDecl( sizeofName( unionDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType, 0 );
532	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( sizeParam );
533	ObjectDecl *alignParam = new ObjectDecl( alignofName( unionDecl->get_name() ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
534	layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( alignParam );
535	addOtypeParams( layoutFnType, otypeParams );
536
537	// build function decl
538	FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = buildLayoutFunctionDecl( unionDecl, functionNesting, layoutFnType );
539
540	// calculate union layout in function body
541	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
542	addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( alignParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
543	for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = unionDecl->get_members().begin(); member != unionDecl->get_members().end(); ++member ) {
544	DeclarationWithType dwt = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *member );
545	assert( dwt );
546	Type *memberType = dwt->get_type();
547
548	// take max member size and global size
549	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( sizeParam ), new SizeofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
550
551	// take max of member alignment and global alignment
552	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( alignParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
553	}
554	// make sure the type is end-padded to a multiple of its alignment
555	addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), derefVar( alignParam ) ) );
556
557	addDeclarationAfter( layoutDecl );
558	return unionDecl;
559	}
560
561	////////////////////////////////////////// Pass1 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
562
563	namespace {
564	std::string makePolyMonoSuffix( FunctionType * function, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
565	std::stringstream name;
566
567	// NOTE: this function previously used isPolyObj, which failed to produce
568	// the correct thing in some situations. It's not clear to me why this wasn't working.
569
570	// if the return type or a parameter type involved polymorphic types, then the adapter will need
571	// to take those polymorphic types as pointers. Therefore, there can be two different functions
572	// with the same mangled name, so we need to further mangle the names.
573	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator retval = function->get_returnVals().begin(); retval != function->get_returnVals().end(); ++retval ) {
574	if ( isPolyType( (*retval)->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
575	name << "P";
576	} else {
577	name << "M";
578	}
579	}
580	name << "_";
581	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> &paramList = function->get_parameters();
582	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = paramList.begin(); arg != paramList.end(); ++arg ) {
583	if ( isPolyType( (*arg)->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
584	name << "P";
585	} else {
586	name << "M";
587	}
588	} // for
589	return name.str();
590	}
591
592	std::string mangleAdapterName( FunctionType * function, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
593	return SymTab::Mangler::mangle( function ) + makePolyMonoSuffix( function, tyVars );
594	}
595
596	std::string makeAdapterName( const std::string &mangleName ) {
597	return "_adapter" + mangleName;
598	}
599
600	Pass1::Pass1() : useRetval( false ), tempNamer( "_temp" ) {}
601
602	/// Returns T if the given declaration is (?=?)(T , T) for some TypeInstType T (return not checked, but maybe should be), NULL otherwise
603	TypeInstType isTypeInstAssignment( DeclarationWithType decl ) {
604	if ( decl->get_name() == "?=?" ) {
605	if ( FunctionType *funType = getFunctionType( decl->get_type() ) ) {
606	if ( funType->get_parameters().size() == 2 ) {
607	if ( PointerType pointer = dynamic_cast< PointerType >( funType->get_parameters().front()->get_type() ) ) {
608	if ( TypeInstType refType = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( pointer->get_base() ) ) {
609	if ( TypeInstType refType2 = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( funType->get_parameters().back()->get_type() ) ) {
610	if ( refType->get_name() == refType2->get_name() ) {
611	return refType;
612	} // if
613	} // if
614	} // if
615	} // if
616	} // if
617	} // if
618	} // if
619	return 0;
620	}
621
622	/// returns T if the given declaration is: (?=?)(T , T) for some type T (return not checked, but maybe should be), NULL otherwise
623	/// Only picks assignments where neither parameter is cv-qualified
624	Type isAssignment( DeclarationWithType decl ) {
625	if ( decl->get_name() == "?=?" ) {
626	if ( FunctionType *funType = getFunctionType( decl->get_type() ) ) {
627	if ( funType->get_parameters().size() == 2 ) {
628	Type::Qualifiers defaultQualifiers;
629	Type *paramType1 = funType->get_parameters().front()->get_type();
630	if ( paramType1->get_qualifiers() != defaultQualifiers ) return 0;
631	Type *paramType2 = funType->get_parameters().back()->get_type();
632	if ( paramType2->get_qualifiers() != defaultQualifiers ) return 0;
633
634	if ( PointerType pointerType = dynamic_cast< PointerType >( paramType1 ) ) {
635	Type *baseType1 = pointerType->get_base();
636	if ( baseType1->get_qualifiers() != defaultQualifiers ) return 0;
637	SymTab::Indexer dummy;
638	if ( ResolvExpr::typesCompatible( baseType1, paramType2, dummy ) ) {
639	return baseType1;
640	} // if
641	} // if
642	} // if
643	} // if
644	} // if
645	return 0;
646	}
647
648	void Pass1::findAssignOps( const std::list< TypeDecl *> &forall ) {
649	// what if a nested function uses an assignment operator?
650	// assignOps.clear();
651	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::const_iterator i = forall.begin(); i != forall.end(); ++i ) {
652	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::const_iterator assert = (i)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*i)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
653	std::string typeName;
654	if ( TypeInstType typeInst = isTypeInstAssignment( assert ) ) {
655	assignOps[ typeInst->get_name() ] = *assert;
656	} // if
657	} // for
658	} // for
659	}
660
661	DeclarationWithType Pass1::mutate( FunctionDecl functionDecl ) {
662	// if this is a assignment function, put it in the map for this scope
663	if ( Type *assignedType = isAssignment( functionDecl ) ) {
664	if ( ! dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( assignedType ) ) {
665	scopedAssignOps.insert( assignedType, functionDecl );
666	}
667	}
668
669	if ( functionDecl->get_statements() ) { // empty routine body ?
670	doBeginScope();
671	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
672	assignOps.beginScope();
673	DeclarationWithType *oldRetval = retval;
674	bool oldUseRetval = useRetval;
675
676	// process polymorphic return value
677	retval = 0;
678	if ( isPolyRet( functionDecl->get_functionType() ) && functionDecl->get_linkage() == LinkageSpec::Cforall ) {
679	retval = functionDecl->get_functionType()->get_returnVals().front();
680
681	// give names to unnamed return values
682	if ( retval->get_name() == "" ) {
683	retval->set_name( "_retparm" );
684	retval->set_linkage( LinkageSpec::C );
685	} // if
686	} // if
687
688	FunctionType *functionType = functionDecl->get_functionType();
689	makeTyVarMap( functionDecl->get_functionType(), scopeTyVars );
690	findAssignOps( functionDecl->get_functionType()->get_forall() );
691
692	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> &paramList = functionType->get_parameters();
693	std::list< FunctionType *> functions;
694	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyVar = functionType->get_forall().begin(); tyVar != functionType->get_forall().end(); ++tyVar ) {
695	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assert = (tyVar)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyVar)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
696	findFunction( (*assert)->get_type(), functions, scopeTyVars, needsAdapter );
697	} // for
698	} // for
699	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = paramList.begin(); arg != paramList.end(); ++arg ) {
700	findFunction( (*arg)->get_type(), functions, scopeTyVars, needsAdapter );
701	} // for
702
703	for ( std::list< FunctionType *>::iterator funType = functions.begin(); funType != functions.end(); ++funType ) {
704	std::string mangleName = mangleAdapterName( *funType, scopeTyVars );
705	if ( adapters.find( mangleName ) == adapters.end() ) {
706	std::string adapterName = makeAdapterName( mangleName );
707	adapters.insert( std::pair< std::string, DeclarationWithType >( mangleName, new ObjectDecl( adapterName, DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), makeAdapterType( funType, scopeTyVars ) ), 0 ) ) );
708	} // if
709	} // for
710
711	functionDecl->set_statements( functionDecl->get_statements()->acceptMutator( *this ) );
712
713	scopeTyVars.endScope();
714	assignOps.endScope();
715	retval = oldRetval;
716	useRetval = oldUseRetval;
717	doEndScope();
718	} // if
719	return functionDecl;
720	}
721
722	TypeDecl Pass1::mutate( TypeDecl typeDecl ) {
723	scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
724	return Mutator::mutate( typeDecl );
725	}
726
727	Expression Pass1::mutate( CommaExpr commaExpr ) {
728	bool oldUseRetval = useRetval;
729	useRetval = false;
730	commaExpr->set_arg1( maybeMutate( commaExpr->get_arg1(), *this ) );
731	useRetval = oldUseRetval;
732	commaExpr->set_arg2( maybeMutate( commaExpr->get_arg2(), *this ) );
733	return commaExpr;
734	}
735
736	Expression Pass1::mutate( ConditionalExpr condExpr ) {
737	bool oldUseRetval = useRetval;
738	useRetval = false;
739	condExpr->set_arg1( maybeMutate( condExpr->get_arg1(), *this ) );
740	useRetval = oldUseRetval;
741	condExpr->set_arg2( maybeMutate( condExpr->get_arg2(), *this ) );
742	condExpr->set_arg3( maybeMutate( condExpr->get_arg3(), *this ) );
743	return condExpr;
744
745	}
746
747	void Pass1::passArgTypeVars( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type parmType, Type argBaseType, std::list< Expression >::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars, std::set< std::string > &seenTypes ) {
748	Type *polyType = isPolyType( parmType, exprTyVars );
749	if ( polyType && ! dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( polyType ) ) {
750	std::string typeName = mangleType( polyType );
751	if ( seenTypes.count( typeName ) ) return;
752
753	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new SizeofExpr( argBaseType->clone() ) );
754	arg++;
755	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new AlignofExpr( argBaseType->clone() ) );
756	arg++;
757	if ( dynamic_cast< StructInstType* >( polyType ) ) {
758	if ( StructInstType argBaseStructType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( argBaseType ) ) {
759	// zero-length arrays are forbidden by C, so don't pass offset for empty struct
760	if ( ! argBaseStructType->get_baseStruct()->get_members().empty() ) {
761	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new OffsetPackExpr( argBaseStructType->clone() ) );
762	arg++;
763	}
764	} else {
765	throw SemanticError( "Cannot pass non-struct type for generic struct" );
766	}
767	}
768
769	seenTypes.insert( typeName );
770	}
771	}
772
773	void Pass1::passTypeVars( ApplicationExpr appExpr, ReferenceToType polyRetType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars ) {
774	// pass size/align for type variables
775	for ( TyVarMap::const_iterator tyParm = exprTyVars.begin(); tyParm != exprTyVars.end(); ++tyParm ) {
776	ResolvExpr::EqvClass eqvClass;
777	assert( env );
778	if ( tyParm->second == TypeDecl::Any ) {
779	Type *concrete = env->lookup( tyParm->first );
780	if ( concrete ) {
781	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new SizeofExpr( concrete->clone() ) );
782	arg++;
783	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new AlignofExpr( concrete->clone() ) );
784	arg++;
785	} else {
786	throw SemanticError( "unbound type variable in application ", appExpr );
787	} // if
788	} // if
789	} // for
790
791	// add size/align for generic types to parameter list
792	if ( appExpr->get_function()->get_results().empty() ) return;
793	FunctionType *funcType = getFunctionType( appExpr->get_function()->get_results().front() );
794	assert( funcType );
795
796	std::list< DeclarationWithType* >::const_iterator fnParm = funcType->get_parameters().begin();
797	std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator fnArg = arg;
798	std::set< std::string > seenTypes; //< names for generic types we've seen
799
800	// a polymorphic return type may need to be added to the argument list
801	if ( polyRetType ) {
802	Type *concRetType = replaceWithConcrete( appExpr, polyRetType );
803	passArgTypeVars( appExpr, polyRetType, concRetType, arg, exprTyVars, seenTypes );
804	}
805
806	// add type information args for presently unseen types in parameter list
807	for ( ; fnParm != funcType->get_parameters().end() && fnArg != appExpr->get_args().end(); ++fnParm, ++fnArg ) {
808	VariableExpr fnArgBase = getBaseVar( fnArg );
809	if ( ! fnArgBase \|\| fnArgBase->get_results().empty() ) continue;
810	passArgTypeVars( appExpr, (*fnParm)->get_type(), fnArgBase->get_results().front(), arg, exprTyVars, seenTypes );
811	}
812	}
813
814	ObjectDecl Pass1::makeTemporary( Type type ) {
815	ObjectDecl *newObj = new ObjectDecl( tempNamer.newName(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, type, 0 );
816	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newObj ) );
817	return newObj;
818	}
819
820	Expression Pass1::addRetParam( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, Type retType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg ) {
821	// *** Code Removal *** After introducing a temporary variable for all return expressions, the following code appears superfluous.
822	// if ( useRetval ) {
823	// assert( retval );
824	// arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, new VariableExpr( retval ) );
825	// arg++;
826	// } else {
827
828	// Create temporary to hold return value of polymorphic function and produce that temporary as a result
829	// using a comma expression. Possibly change comma expression into statement expression "{}" for multiple
830	// return values.
831	ObjectDecl *newObj = makeTemporary( retType->clone() );
832	Expression *paramExpr = new VariableExpr( newObj );
833
834	// If the type of the temporary is not polymorphic, box temporary by taking its address;
835	// otherwise the temporary is already boxed and can be used directly.
836	if ( ! isPolyType( newObj->get_type(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
837	paramExpr = new AddressExpr( paramExpr );
838	} // if
839	arg = appExpr->get_args().insert( arg, paramExpr ); // add argument to function call
840	arg++;
841	// Build a comma expression to call the function and emulate a normal return.
842	CommaExpr *commaExpr = new CommaExpr( appExpr, new VariableExpr( newObj ) );
843	commaExpr->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
844	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
845	return commaExpr;
846	// } // if
847	// return appExpr;
848	}
849
850	void Pass1::replaceParametersWithConcrete( ApplicationExpr appExpr, std::list< Expression >& params ) {
851	for ( std::list< Expression* >::iterator param = params.begin(); param != params.end(); ++param ) {
852	TypeExpr paramType = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr >( *param );
853	assert(paramType && "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");
854	paramType->set_type( replaceWithConcrete( appExpr, paramType->get_type(), false ) );
855	}
856	}
857
858	Type Pass1::replaceWithConcrete( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type *type, bool doClone ) {
859	if ( TypeInstType typeInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( type ) ) {
860	Type *concrete = env->lookup( typeInst->get_name() );
861	if ( concrete == 0 ) {
862	throw SemanticError( "Unbound type variable " + typeInst->get_name() + " in ", appExpr );
863	} // if
864	return concrete;
865	} else if ( StructInstType structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( type ) ) {
866	if ( doClone ) {
867	structType = structType->clone();
868	}
869	replaceParametersWithConcrete( appExpr, structType->get_parameters() );
870	return structType;
871	} else if ( UnionInstType unionType = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType >( type ) ) {
872	if ( doClone ) {
873	unionType = unionType->clone();
874	}
875	replaceParametersWithConcrete( appExpr, unionType->get_parameters() );
876	return unionType;
877	}
878	return type;
879	}
880
881	Expression Pass1::addPolyRetParam( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, ReferenceToType polyType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg ) {
882	assert( env );
883	Type *concrete = replaceWithConcrete( appExpr, polyType );
884	// add out-parameter for return value
885	return addRetParam( appExpr, function, concrete, arg );
886	}
887
888	Expression Pass1::applyAdapter( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, std::list< Expression >::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
889	Expression *ret = appExpr;
890	if ( ! function->get_returnVals().empty() && isPolyType( function->get_returnVals().front()->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
891	ret = addRetParam( appExpr, function, function->get_returnVals().front()->get_type(), arg );
892	} // if
893	std::string mangleName = mangleAdapterName( function, tyVars );
894	std::string adapterName = makeAdapterName( mangleName );
895
896	// cast adaptee to void (*)(), since it may have any type inside a polymorphic function
897	Type * adapteeType = new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), true ) );
898	appExpr->get_args().push_front( new CastExpr( appExpr->get_function(), adapteeType ) );
899	appExpr->set_function( new NameExpr( adapterName ) );
900
901	return ret;
902	}
903
904	void Pass1::boxParam( Type param, Expression &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars ) {
905	assert( ! arg->get_results().empty() );
906	if ( isPolyType( param, exprTyVars ) ) {
907	if ( isPolyType( arg->get_results().front() ) ) {
908	// if the argument's type is polymorphic, we don't need to box again!
909	return;
910	} else if ( arg->get_results().front()->get_isLvalue() ) {
911	// VariableExpr and MemberExpr are lvalues; need to check this isn't coming from the second arg of a comma expression though (not an lvalue)
912	if ( CommaExpr commaArg = dynamic_cast< CommaExpr >( arg ) ) {
913	commaArg->set_arg2( new AddressExpr( commaArg->get_arg2() ) );
914	} else {
915	arg = new AddressExpr( arg );
916	}
917	} else {
918	// use type computed in unification to declare boxed variables
919	Type * newType = param->clone();
920	if ( env ) env->apply( newType );
921	ObjectDecl *newObj = new ObjectDecl( tempNamer.newName(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, newType, 0 );
922	newObj->get_type()->get_qualifiers() = Type::Qualifiers(); // TODO: is this right???
923	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newObj ) );
924	UntypedExpr *assign = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?=?" ) );
925	assign->get_args().push_back( new VariableExpr( newObj ) );
926	assign->get_args().push_back( arg );
927	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, assign ) );
928	arg = new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( newObj ) );
929	} // if
930	} // if
931	}
932
933	/// cast parameters to polymorphic functions so that types are replaced with
934	/// void * if they are type parameters in the formal type.
935	/// this gets rid of warnings from gcc.
936	void addCast( Expression &actual, Type formal, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
937	Type * newType = formal->clone();
938	if ( getFunctionType( newType ) ) {
939	newType = ScrubTyVars::scrub( newType, tyVars );
940	actual = new CastExpr( actual, newType );
941	} // if
942	}
943
944	void Pass1::boxParams( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType function, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &exprTyVars ) {
945	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::const_iterator param = function->get_parameters().begin(); param != function->get_parameters().end(); ++param, ++arg ) {
946	assert( arg != appExpr->get_args().end() );
947	addCast( arg, (param)->get_type(), exprTyVars );
948	boxParam( (param)->get_type(), arg, exprTyVars );
949	} // for
950	}
951
952	void Pass1::addInferredParams( ApplicationExpr appExpr, FunctionType functionType, std::list< Expression *>::iterator &arg, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
953	std::list< Expression *>::iterator cur = arg;
954	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyVar = functionType->get_forall().begin(); tyVar != functionType->get_forall().end(); ++tyVar ) {
955	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assert = (tyVar)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyVar)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
956	InferredParams::const_iterator inferParam = appExpr->get_inferParams().find( (*assert)->get_uniqueId() );
957	assert( inferParam != appExpr->get_inferParams().end() && "NOTE: Explicit casts of polymorphic functions to compatible monomorphic functions are currently unsupported" );
958	Expression *newExpr = inferParam->second.expr->clone();
959	addCast( newExpr, (*assert)->get_type(), tyVars );
960	boxParam( (*assert)->get_type(), newExpr, tyVars );
961	appExpr->get_args().insert( cur, newExpr );
962	} // for
963	} // for
964	}
965
966	void makeRetParm( FunctionType *funcType ) {
967	DeclarationWithType *retParm = funcType->get_returnVals().front();
968
969	// make a new parameter that is a pointer to the type of the old return value
970	retParm->set_type( new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), retParm->get_type() ) );
971	funcType->get_parameters().push_front( retParm );
972
973	// we don't need the return value any more
974	funcType->get_returnVals().clear();
975	}
976
977	FunctionType makeAdapterType( FunctionType adaptee, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
978	// actually make the adapter type
979	FunctionType *adapter = adaptee->clone();
980	if ( ! adapter->get_returnVals().empty() && isPolyType( adapter->get_returnVals().front()->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
981	makeRetParm( adapter );
982	} // if
983	adapter->get_parameters().push_front( new ObjectDecl( "", DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), true ) ), 0 ) );
984	return adapter;
985	}
986
987	Expression makeAdapterArg( DeclarationWithType param, DeclarationWithType arg, DeclarationWithType realParam, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
988	assert( param );
989	assert( arg );
990	if ( isPolyType( realParam->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
991	if ( ! isPolyType( arg->get_type() ) ) {
992	UntypedExpr deref = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?" ) );
993	deref->get_args().push_back( new CastExpr( new VariableExpr( param ), new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), arg->get_type()->clone() ) ) );
994	deref->get_results().push_back( arg->get_type()->clone() );
995	return deref;
996	} // if
997	} // if
998	return new VariableExpr( param );
999	}
1000
1001	void addAdapterParams( ApplicationExpr adapteeApp, std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator arg, std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator param, std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator paramEnd, std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator realParam, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
1002	UniqueName paramNamer( "_p" );
1003	for ( ; param != paramEnd; ++param, ++arg, ++realParam ) {
1004	if ( (*param)->get_name() == "" ) {
1005	(*param)->set_name( paramNamer.newName() );
1006	(*param)->set_linkage( LinkageSpec::C );
1007	} // if
1008	adapteeApp->get_args().push_back( makeAdapterArg( param, arg, *realParam, tyVars ) );
1009	} // for
1010	}
1011
1012	FunctionDecl Pass1::makeAdapter( FunctionType adaptee, FunctionType *realType, const std::string &mangleName, const TyVarMap &tyVars ) {
1013	FunctionType *adapterType = makeAdapterType( adaptee, tyVars );
1014	adapterType = ScrubTyVars::scrub( adapterType, tyVars );
1015	DeclarationWithType *adapteeDecl = adapterType->get_parameters().front();
1016	adapteeDecl->set_name( "_adaptee" );
1017	ApplicationExpr *adapteeApp = new ApplicationExpr( new CastExpr( new VariableExpr( adapteeDecl ), new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), realType ) ) );
1018	Statement *bodyStmt;
1019
1020	std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyArg = realType->get_forall().begin();
1021	std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyParam = adapterType->get_forall().begin();
1022	std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator realTyParam = adaptee->get_forall().begin();
1023	for ( ; tyParam != adapterType->get_forall().end(); ++tyArg, ++tyParam, ++realTyParam ) {
1024	assert( tyArg != realType->get_forall().end() );
1025	std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assertArg = (tyArg)->get_assertions().begin();
1026	std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assertParam = (tyParam)->get_assertions().begin();
1027	std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator realAssertParam = (realTyParam)->get_assertions().begin();
1028	for ( ; assertParam != (*tyParam)->get_assertions().end(); ++assertArg, ++assertParam, ++realAssertParam ) {
1029	assert( assertArg != (*tyArg)->get_assertions().end() );
1030	adapteeApp->get_args().push_back( makeAdapterArg( assertParam, assertArg, *realAssertParam, tyVars ) );
1031	} // for
1032	} // for
1033
1034	std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = realType->get_parameters().begin();
1035	std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator param = adapterType->get_parameters().begin();
1036	std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator realParam = adaptee->get_parameters().begin();
1037	param++; // skip adaptee parameter in the adapter type
1038	if ( realType->get_returnVals().empty() ) {
1039	// void return
1040	addAdapterParams( adapteeApp, arg, param, adapterType->get_parameters().end(), realParam, tyVars );
1041	bodyStmt = new ExprStmt( noLabels, adapteeApp );
1042	} else if ( isPolyType( adaptee->get_returnVals().front()->get_type(), tyVars ) ) {
1043	// return type T
1044	if ( (*param)->get_name() == "" ) {
1045	(*param)->set_name( "_ret" );
1046	(*param)->set_linkage( LinkageSpec::C );
1047	} // if
1048	UntypedExpr *assign = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?=?" ) );
1049	UntypedExpr deref = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?" ) );
1050	deref->get_args().push_back( new CastExpr( new VariableExpr( *param++ ), new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), realType->get_returnVals().front()->get_type()->clone() ) ) );
1051	assign->get_args().push_back( deref );
1052	addAdapterParams( adapteeApp, arg, param, adapterType->get_parameters().end(), realParam, tyVars );
1053	assign->get_args().push_back( adapteeApp );
1054	bodyStmt = new ExprStmt( noLabels, assign );
1055	} else {
1056	// adapter for a function that returns a monomorphic value
1057	addAdapterParams( adapteeApp, arg, param, adapterType->get_parameters().end(), realParam, tyVars );
1058	bodyStmt = new ReturnStmt( noLabels, adapteeApp );
1059	} // if
1060	CompoundStmt *adapterBody = new CompoundStmt( noLabels );
1061	adapterBody->get_kids().push_back( bodyStmt );
1062	std::string adapterName = makeAdapterName( mangleName );
1063	return new FunctionDecl( adapterName, DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, adapterType, adapterBody, false, false );
1064	}
1065
1066	void Pass1::passAdapters( ApplicationExpr * appExpr, FunctionType * functionType, const TyVarMap & exprTyVars ) {
1067	// collect a list of function types passed as parameters or implicit parameters (assertions)
1068	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> &paramList = functionType->get_parameters();
1069	std::list< FunctionType *> functions;
1070	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::iterator tyVar = functionType->get_forall().begin(); tyVar != functionType->get_forall().end(); ++tyVar ) {
1071	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assert = (tyVar)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyVar)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
1072	findFunction( (*assert)->get_type(), functions, exprTyVars, needsAdapter );
1073	} // for
1074	} // for
1075	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = paramList.begin(); arg != paramList.end(); ++arg ) {
1076	findFunction( (*arg)->get_type(), functions, exprTyVars, needsAdapter );
1077	} // for
1078
1079	// parameter function types for which an appropriate adapter has been generated. we cannot use the types
1080	// after applying substitutions, since two different parameter types may be unified to the same type
1081	std::set< std::string > adaptersDone;
1082
1083	for ( std::list< FunctionType *>::iterator funType = functions.begin(); funType != functions.end(); ++funType ) {
1084	FunctionType originalFunction = (funType)->clone();
1085	FunctionType realFunction = (funType)->clone();
1086	std::string mangleName = SymTab::Mangler::mangle( realFunction );
1087
1088	// only attempt to create an adapter or pass one as a parameter if we haven't already done so for this
1089	// pre-substitution parameter function type.
1090	if ( adaptersDone.find( mangleName ) == adaptersDone.end() ) {
1091	adaptersDone.insert( adaptersDone.begin(), mangleName );
1092
1093	// apply substitution to type variables to figure out what the adapter's type should look like
1094	assert( env );
1095	env->apply( realFunction );
1096	mangleName = SymTab::Mangler::mangle( realFunction );
1097	mangleName += makePolyMonoSuffix( originalFunction, exprTyVars );
1098
1099	typedef ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType* >::iterator AdapterIter;
1100	AdapterIter adapter = adapters.find( mangleName );
1101	if ( adapter == adapters.end() ) {
1102	// adapter has not been created yet in the current scope, so define it
1103	FunctionDecl newAdapter = makeAdapter( funType, realFunction, mangleName, exprTyVars );
1104	std::pair< AdapterIter, bool > answer = adapters.insert( std::pair< std::string, DeclarationWithType *>( mangleName, newAdapter ) );
1105	adapter = answer.first;
1106	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newAdapter ) );
1107	} // if
1108	assert( adapter != adapters.end() );
1109
1110	// add the appropriate adapter as a parameter
1111	appExpr->get_args().push_front( new VariableExpr( adapter->second ) );
1112	} // if
1113	} // for
1114	} // passAdapters
1115
1116	Expression makeIncrDecrExpr( ApplicationExpr appExpr, Type *polyType, bool isIncr ) {
1117	NameExpr *opExpr;
1118	if ( isIncr ) {
1119	opExpr = new NameExpr( "?+=?" );
1120	} else {
1121	opExpr = new NameExpr( "?-=?" );
1122	} // if
1123	UntypedExpr *addAssign = new UntypedExpr( opExpr );
1124	if ( AddressExpr address = dynamic_cast< AddressExpr >( appExpr->get_args().front() ) ) {
1125	addAssign->get_args().push_back( address->get_arg() );
1126	} else {
1127	addAssign->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front() );
1128	} // if
1129	addAssign->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( sizeofName( mangleType( polyType ) ) ) );
1130	addAssign->get_results().front() = appExpr->get_results().front()->clone();
1131	if ( appExpr->get_env() ) {
1132	addAssign->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
1133	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
1134	} // if
1135	appExpr->get_args().clear();
1136	delete appExpr;
1137	return addAssign;
1138	}
1139
1140	Expression Pass1::handleIntrinsics( ApplicationExpr appExpr ) {
1141	if ( VariableExpr varExpr = dynamic_cast< VariableExpr >( appExpr->get_function() ) ) {
1142	if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_linkage() == LinkageSpec::Intrinsic ) {
1143	if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?[?]" ) {
1144	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1145	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 2 );
1146	Type *baseType1 = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_args().front()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1147	Type *baseType2 = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_args().back()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1148	assert( ! baseType1 \|\| ! baseType2 ); // the arguments cannot both be polymorphic pointers
1149	UntypedExpr *ret = 0;
1150	if ( baseType1 \|\| baseType2 ) { // one of the arguments is a polymorphic pointer
1151	ret = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?+?" ) );
1152	} // if
1153	if ( baseType1 ) {
1154	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1155	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().back() );
1156	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType1->clone() ) );
1157	ret->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front() );
1158	ret->get_args().push_back( multiply );
1159	} else if ( baseType2 ) {
1160	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1161	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front() );
1162	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType2->clone() ) );
1163	ret->get_args().push_back( multiply );
1164	ret->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().back() );
1165	} // if
1166	if ( baseType1 \|\| baseType2 ) {
1167	ret->get_results().push_front( appExpr->get_results().front()->clone() );
1168	if ( appExpr->get_env() ) {
1169	ret->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
1170	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
1171	} // if
1172	appExpr->get_args().clear();
1173	delete appExpr;
1174	return ret;
1175	} // if
1176	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "*?" ) {
1177	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1178	assert( ! appExpr->get_args().empty() );
1179	if ( isPolyType( appExpr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1180	Expression *ret = appExpr->get_args().front();
1181	delete ret->get_results().front();
1182	ret->get_results().front() = appExpr->get_results().front()->clone();
1183	if ( appExpr->get_env() ) {
1184	ret->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
1185	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
1186	} // if
1187	appExpr->get_args().clear();
1188	delete appExpr;
1189	return ret;
1190	} // if
1191	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?++" \|\| varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?--" ) {
1192	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1193	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 1 );
1194	if ( Type *baseType = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1195	Type *tempType = appExpr->get_results().front()->clone();
1196	if ( env ) {
1197	env->apply( tempType );
1198	} // if
1199	ObjectDecl *newObj = makeTemporary( tempType );
1200	VariableExpr *tempExpr = new VariableExpr( newObj );
1201	UntypedExpr *assignExpr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?=?" ) );
1202	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( tempExpr->clone() );
1203	if ( AddressExpr address = dynamic_cast< AddressExpr >( appExpr->get_args().front() ) ) {
1204	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( address->get_arg()->clone() );
1205	} else {
1206	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front()->clone() );
1207	} // if
1208	CommaExpr *firstComma = new CommaExpr( assignExpr, makeIncrDecrExpr( appExpr, baseType, varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?++" ) );
1209	return new CommaExpr( firstComma, tempExpr );
1210	} // if
1211	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "++?" \|\| varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "--?" ) {
1212	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1213	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 1 );
1214	if ( Type *baseType = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1215	return makeIncrDecrExpr( appExpr, baseType, varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "++?" );
1216	} // if
1217	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?+?" \|\| varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?-?" ) {
1218	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1219	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 2 );
1220	Type *baseType1 = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_args().front()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1221	Type *baseType2 = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_args().back()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1222	if ( baseType1 && baseType2 ) {
1223	UntypedExpr *divide = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?/?" ) );
1224	divide->get_args().push_back( appExpr );
1225	divide->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType1->clone() ) );
1226	divide->get_results().push_front( appExpr->get_results().front()->clone() );
1227	if ( appExpr->get_env() ) {
1228	divide->set_env( appExpr->get_env() );
1229	appExpr->set_env( 0 );
1230	} // if
1231	return divide;
1232	} else if ( baseType1 ) {
1233	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1234	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().back() );
1235	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType1->clone() ) );
1236	appExpr->get_args().back() = multiply;
1237	} else if ( baseType2 ) {
1238	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1239	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().front() );
1240	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType2->clone() ) );
1241	appExpr->get_args().front() = multiply;
1242	} // if
1243	} else if ( varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?+=?" \|\| varExpr->get_var()->get_name() == "?-=?" ) {
1244	assert( ! appExpr->get_results().empty() );
1245	assert( appExpr->get_args().size() == 2 );
1246	Type *baseType = isPolyPtr( appExpr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env );
1247	if ( baseType ) {
1248	UntypedExpr multiply = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "??" ) );
1249	multiply->get_args().push_back( appExpr->get_args().back() );
1250	multiply->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( baseType->clone() ) );
1251	appExpr->get_args().back() = multiply;
1252	} // if
1253	} // if
1254	return appExpr;
1255	} // if
1256	} // if
1257	return 0;
1258	}
1259
1260	Expression Pass1::mutate( ApplicationExpr appExpr ) {
1261	// std::cerr << "mutate appExpr: ";
1262	// for ( TyVarMap::iterator i = scopeTyVars.begin(); i != scopeTyVars.end(); ++i ) {
1263	// std::cerr << i->first << " ";
1264	// }
1265	// std::cerr << "\n";
1266	bool oldUseRetval = useRetval;
1267	useRetval = false;
1268	appExpr->get_function()->acceptMutator( *this );
1269	mutateAll( appExpr->get_args(), *this );
1270	useRetval = oldUseRetval;
1271
1272	assert( ! appExpr->get_function()->get_results().empty() );
1273	PointerType pointer = dynamic_cast< PointerType >( appExpr->get_function()->get_results().front() );
1274	assert( pointer );
1275	FunctionType function = dynamic_cast< FunctionType >( pointer->get_base() );
1276	assert( function );
1277
1278	if ( Expression *newExpr = handleIntrinsics( appExpr ) ) {
1279	return newExpr;
1280	} // if
1281
1282	Expression *ret = appExpr;
1283
1284	std::list< Expression *>::iterator arg = appExpr->get_args().begin();
1285	std::list< Expression *>::iterator paramBegin = appExpr->get_args().begin();
1286
1287	TyVarMap exprTyVars( (TypeDecl::Kind)-1 );
1288	makeTyVarMap( function, exprTyVars );
1289	ReferenceToType *polyRetType = isPolyRet( function );
1290
1291	if ( polyRetType ) {
1292	ret = addPolyRetParam( appExpr, function, polyRetType, arg );
1293	} else if ( needsAdapter( function, scopeTyVars ) ) {
1294	// std::cerr << "needs adapter: ";
1295	// for ( TyVarMap::iterator i = scopeTyVars.begin(); i != scopeTyVars.end(); ++i ) {
1296	// std::cerr << i->first << " ";
1297	// }
1298	// std::cerr << "\n";
1299	// change the application so it calls the adapter rather than the passed function
1300	ret = applyAdapter( appExpr, function, arg, scopeTyVars );
1301	} // if
1302	arg = appExpr->get_args().begin();
1303
1304	passTypeVars( appExpr, polyRetType, arg, exprTyVars );
1305	addInferredParams( appExpr, function, arg, exprTyVars );
1306
1307	arg = paramBegin;
1308
1309	boxParams( appExpr, function, arg, exprTyVars );
1310	passAdapters( appExpr, function, exprTyVars );
1311
1312	return ret;
1313	}
1314
1315	Expression Pass1::mutate( UntypedExpr expr ) {
1316	if ( ! expr->get_results().empty() && isPolyType( expr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1317	if ( NameExpr name = dynamic_cast< NameExpr >( expr->get_function() ) ) {
1318	if ( name->get_name() == "*?" ) {
1319	Expression *ret = expr->get_args().front();
1320	expr->get_args().clear();
1321	delete expr;
1322	return ret->acceptMutator( *this );
1323	} // if
1324	} // if
1325	} // if
1326	return PolyMutator::mutate( expr );
1327	}
1328
1329	Expression Pass1::mutate( AddressExpr addrExpr ) {
1330	assert( ! addrExpr->get_arg()->get_results().empty() );
1331
1332	bool needs = false;
1333	if ( UntypedExpr expr = dynamic_cast< UntypedExpr >( addrExpr->get_arg() ) ) {
1334	if ( ! expr->get_results().empty() && isPolyType( expr->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) ) {
1335	if ( NameExpr name = dynamic_cast< NameExpr >( expr->get_function() ) ) {
1336	if ( name->get_name() == "*?" ) {
1337	if ( ApplicationExpr * appExpr = dynamic_cast< ApplicationExpr * >( expr->get_args().front() ) ) {
1338	assert( ! appExpr->get_function()->get_results().empty() );
1339	PointerType pointer = dynamic_cast< PointerType >( appExpr->get_function()->get_results().front() );
1340	assert( pointer );
1341	FunctionType function = dynamic_cast< FunctionType >( pointer->get_base() );
1342	assert( function );
1343	needs = needsAdapter( function, scopeTyVars );
1344	} // if
1345	} // if
1346	} // if
1347	} // if
1348	} // if
1349	addrExpr->set_arg( mutateExpression( addrExpr->get_arg() ) );
1350	if ( isPolyType( addrExpr->get_arg()->get_results().front(), scopeTyVars, env ) \|\| needs ) {
1351	Expression *ret = addrExpr->get_arg();
1352	delete ret->get_results().front();
1353	ret->get_results().front() = addrExpr->get_results().front()->clone();
1354	addrExpr->set_arg( 0 );
1355	delete addrExpr;
1356	return ret;
1357	} else {
1358	return addrExpr;
1359	} // if
1360	}
1361
1362	/// Wraps a function declaration in a new pointer-to-function variable expression
1363	VariableExpr wrapFunctionDecl( DeclarationWithType functionDecl ) {
1364	// line below cloned from FixFunction.cc
1365	ObjectDecl *functionObj = new ObjectDecl( functionDecl->get_name(), functionDecl->get_storageClass(), functionDecl->get_linkage(), 0,
1366	new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), functionDecl->get_type()->clone() ), 0 );
1367	functionObj->set_mangleName( functionDecl->get_mangleName() );
1368	return new VariableExpr( functionObj );
1369	}
1370
1371	Statement * Pass1::mutate( ReturnStmt *returnStmt ) {
1372	if ( retval && returnStmt->get_expr() ) {
1373	assert( ! returnStmt->get_expr()->get_results().empty() );
1374	// *** Code Removal *** After introducing a temporary variable for all return expressions, the following code appears superfluous.
1375	// if ( returnStmt->get_expr()->get_results().front()->get_isLvalue() ) {
1376	// by this point, a cast expr on a polymorphic return value is redundant
1377	while ( CastExpr castExpr = dynamic_cast< CastExpr >( returnStmt->get_expr() ) ) {
1378	returnStmt->set_expr( castExpr->get_arg() );
1379	returnStmt->get_expr()->set_env( castExpr->get_env() );
1380	castExpr->set_env( 0 );
1381	castExpr->set_arg( 0 );
1382	delete castExpr;
1383	} //while
1384
1385	// find assignment operator for (polymorphic) return type
1386	ApplicationExpr *assignExpr = 0;
1387	if ( TypeInstType typeInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( retval->get_type() ) ) {
1388	// find assignment operator for type variable
1389	ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType *>::const_iterator assignIter = assignOps.find( typeInst->get_name() );
1390	if ( assignIter == assignOps.end() ) {
1391	throw SemanticError( "Attempt to return dtype or ftype object in ", returnStmt->get_expr() );
1392	} // if
1393	assignExpr = new ApplicationExpr( new VariableExpr( assignIter->second ) );
1394	} else if ( ReferenceToType refType = dynamic_cast< ReferenceToType >( retval->get_type() ) ) {
1395	// find assignment operator for generic type
1396	DeclarationWithType *functionDecl = scopedAssignOps.find( refType );
1397	if ( ! functionDecl ) {
1398	throw SemanticError( "Attempt to return dtype or ftype generic object in ", returnStmt->get_expr() );
1399	}
1400
1401	// wrap it up in an application expression
1402	assignExpr = new ApplicationExpr( wrapFunctionDecl( functionDecl ) );
1403	assignExpr->set_env( env->clone() );
1404
1405	// find each of its needed secondary assignment operators
1406	std::list< Expression* > &tyParams = refType->get_parameters();
1407	std::list< TypeDecl* > &forallParams = functionDecl->get_type()->get_forall();
1408	std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator tyIt = tyParams.begin();
1409	std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator forallIt = forallParams.begin();
1410	for ( ; tyIt != tyParams.end() && forallIt != forallParams.end(); ++tyIt, ++forallIt ) {
1411	// Add appropriate mapping to assignment expression environment
1412	TypeExpr formalTypeExpr = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr >( *tyIt );
1413	assert( formalTypeExpr && "type parameters must be type expressions" );
1414	Type *formalType = formalTypeExpr->get_type();
1415	assignExpr->get_env()->add( (*forallIt)->get_name(), formalType );
1416
1417	// skip types with no assign op (ftype/dtype)
1418	if ( (*forallIt)->get_kind() != TypeDecl::Any ) continue;
1419
1420	// find assignment operator for formal type
1421	DeclarationWithType *assertAssign = 0;
1422	if ( TypeInstType formalTypeInstType = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( formalType ) ) {
1423	ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType *>::const_iterator assertAssignIt = assignOps.find( formalTypeInstType->get_name() );
1424	if ( assertAssignIt == assignOps.end() ) {
1425	throw SemanticError( "No assignment operation found for ", formalTypeInstType );
1426	}
1427	assertAssign = assertAssignIt->second;
1428	} else {
1429	assertAssign = scopedAssignOps.find( formalType );
1430	if ( ! assertAssign ) {
1431	throw SemanticError( "No assignment operation found for ", formalType );
1432	}
1433	}
1434
1435	// add inferred parameter for field assignment operator to assignment expression
1436	std::list< DeclarationWithType* > &asserts = (*forallIt)->get_assertions();
1437	assert( ! asserts.empty() && "Type param needs assignment operator assertion" );
1438	DeclarationWithType *actualDecl = asserts.front();
1439	assignExpr->get_inferParams()[ actualDecl->get_uniqueId() ]
1440	= ParamEntry( assertAssign->get_uniqueId(), assertAssign->get_type()->clone(), actualDecl->get_type()->clone(), wrapFunctionDecl( assertAssign ) );
1441	}
1442	}
1443	assert( assignExpr );
1444
1445	// replace return statement with appropriate assignment to out parameter
1446	Expression *retParm = new NameExpr( retval->get_name() );
1447	retParm->get_results().push_back( new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), retval->get_type()->clone() ) );
1448	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( retParm );
1449	assignExpr->get_args().push_back( returnStmt->get_expr() );
1450	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, mutateExpression( assignExpr ) ) );
1451	// } else {
1452	// useRetval = true;
1453	// stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, mutateExpression( returnStmt->get_expr() ) ) );
1454	// useRetval = false;
1455	// } // if
1456	returnStmt->set_expr( 0 );
1457	} else {
1458	returnStmt->set_expr( mutateExpression( returnStmt->get_expr() ) );
1459	} // if
1460	return returnStmt;
1461	}
1462
1463	Type * Pass1::mutate( PointerType *pointerType ) {
1464	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1465	makeTyVarMap( pointerType, scopeTyVars );
1466
1467	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( pointerType );
1468
1469	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1470	return ret;
1471	}
1472
1473	Type * Pass1::mutate( FunctionType *functionType ) {
1474	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1475	makeTyVarMap( functionType, scopeTyVars );
1476
1477	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( functionType );
1478
1479	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1480	return ret;
1481	}
1482
1483	void Pass1::doBeginScope() {
1484	adapters.beginScope();
1485	scopedAssignOps.beginScope();
1486	}
1487
1488	void Pass1::doEndScope() {
1489	adapters.endScope();
1490	scopedAssignOps.endScope();
1491	}
1492
1493	////////////////////////////////////////// Pass2 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1494
1495	void Pass2::addAdapters( FunctionType *functionType ) {
1496	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> &paramList = functionType->get_parameters();
1497	std::list< FunctionType *> functions;
1498	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator arg = paramList.begin(); arg != paramList.end(); ++arg ) {
1499	Type orig = (arg)->get_type();
1500	findAndReplaceFunction( orig, functions, scopeTyVars, needsAdapter );
1501	(*arg)->set_type( orig );
1502	}
1503	std::set< std::string > adaptersDone;
1504	for ( std::list< FunctionType *>::iterator funType = functions.begin(); funType != functions.end(); ++funType ) {
1505	std::string mangleName = mangleAdapterName( *funType, scopeTyVars );
1506	if ( adaptersDone.find( mangleName ) == adaptersDone.end() ) {
1507	std::string adapterName = makeAdapterName( mangleName );
1508	paramList.push_front( new ObjectDecl( adapterName, DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), makeAdapterType( *funType, scopeTyVars ) ), 0 ) );
1509	adaptersDone.insert( adaptersDone.begin(), mangleName );
1510	}
1511	}
1512	// deleteAll( functions );
1513	}
1514
1515	template< typename DeclClass >
1516	DeclClass * Pass2::handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type type ) {
1517	DeclClass ret = static_cast< DeclClass >( Mutator::mutate( decl ) );
1518
1519	return ret;
1520	}
1521
1522	DeclarationWithType * Pass2::mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl ) {
1523	return handleDecl( functionDecl, functionDecl->get_functionType() );
1524	}
1525
1526	ObjectDecl * Pass2::mutate( ObjectDecl *objectDecl ) {
1527	return handleDecl( objectDecl, objectDecl->get_type() );
1528	}
1529
1530	TypeDecl * Pass2::mutate( TypeDecl *typeDecl ) {
1531	scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
1532	if ( typeDecl->get_base() ) {
1533	return handleDecl( typeDecl, typeDecl->get_base() );
1534	} else {
1535	return Mutator::mutate( typeDecl );
1536	}
1537	}
1538
1539	TypedefDecl * Pass2::mutate( TypedefDecl *typedefDecl ) {
1540	return handleDecl( typedefDecl, typedefDecl->get_base() );
1541	}
1542
1543	Type * Pass2::mutate( PointerType *pointerType ) {
1544	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1545	makeTyVarMap( pointerType, scopeTyVars );
1546
1547	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( pointerType );
1548
1549	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1550	return ret;
1551	}
1552
1553	Type Pass2::mutate( FunctionType funcType ) {
1554	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1555	makeTyVarMap( funcType, scopeTyVars );
1556
1557	// move polymorphic return type to parameter list
1558	if ( isPolyRet( funcType ) ) {
1559	DeclarationWithType *ret = funcType->get_returnVals().front();
1560	ret->set_type( new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), ret->get_type() ) );
1561	funcType->get_parameters().push_front( ret );
1562	funcType->get_returnVals().pop_front();
1563	}
1564
1565	// add size/align and assertions for type parameters to parameter list
1566	std::list< DeclarationWithType *>::iterator last = funcType->get_parameters().begin();
1567	std::list< DeclarationWithType *> inferredParams;
1568	ObjectDecl newObj( "", DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), 0 );
1569	ObjectDecl newPtr( "", DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0,
1570	new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ) ), 0 );
1571	for ( std::list< TypeDecl *>::const_iterator tyParm = funcType->get_forall().begin(); tyParm != funcType->get_forall().end(); ++tyParm ) {
1572	ObjectDecl sizeParm, alignParm;
1573	// add all size and alignment parameters to parameter list
1574	if ( (*tyParm)->get_kind() == TypeDecl::Any ) {
1575	TypeInstType parmType( Type::Qualifiers(), (tyParm)->get_name(), tyParm );
1576	std::string parmName = mangleType( &parmType );
1577
1578	sizeParm = newObj.clone();
1579	sizeParm->set_name( sizeofName( parmName ) );
1580	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, sizeParm );
1581	++last;
1582
1583	alignParm = newObj.clone();
1584	alignParm->set_name( alignofName( parmName ) );
1585	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, alignParm );
1586	++last;
1587	}
1588	// move all assertions into parameter list
1589	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType >::iterator assert = (tyParm)->get_assertions().begin(); assert != (*tyParm)->get_assertions().end(); ++assert ) {
1590	// assert = (assert)->acceptMutator( *this );
1591	inferredParams.push_back( *assert );
1592	}
1593	(*tyParm)->get_assertions().clear();
1594	}
1595
1596	// add size/align for generic parameter types to parameter list
1597	std::set< std::string > seenTypes; // sizeofName for generic types we've seen
1598	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType* >::const_iterator fnParm = last; fnParm != funcType->get_parameters().end(); ++fnParm ) {
1599	Type polyType = isPolyType( (fnParm)->get_type(), scopeTyVars );
1600	if ( polyType && ! dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( polyType ) ) {
1601	std::string typeName = mangleType( polyType );
1602	if ( seenTypes.count( typeName ) ) continue;
1603
1604	ObjectDecl sizeParm, alignParm, *offsetParm;
1605	sizeParm = newObj.clone();
1606	sizeParm->set_name( sizeofName( typeName ) );
1607	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, sizeParm );
1608	++last;
1609
1610	alignParm = newObj.clone();
1611	alignParm->set_name( alignofName( typeName ) );
1612	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, alignParm );
1613	++last;
1614
1615	if ( StructInstType polyBaseStruct = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( polyType ) ) {
1616	// NOTE zero-length arrays are illegal in C, so empty structs have no offset array
1617	if ( ! polyBaseStruct->get_baseStruct()->get_members().empty() ) {
1618	offsetParm = newPtr.clone();
1619	offsetParm->set_name( offsetofName( typeName ) );
1620	last = funcType->get_parameters().insert( last, offsetParm );
1621	++last;
1622	}
1623	}
1624
1625	seenTypes.insert( typeName );
1626	}
1627	}
1628
1629	// splice assertion parameters into parameter list
1630	funcType->get_parameters().splice( last, inferredParams );
1631	addAdapters( funcType );
1632	mutateAll( funcType->get_returnVals(), *this );
1633	mutateAll( funcType->get_parameters(), *this );
1634
1635	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1636	return funcType;
1637	}
1638
1639	//////////////////////////////////////// GenericInstantiator //////////////////////////////////////////////////
1640
1641	/// Makes substitutions of params into baseParams; returns true if all parameters substituted for a concrete type
1642	bool makeSubstitutions( const std::list< TypeDecl* >& baseParams, const std::list< Expression* >& params, std::list< TypeExpr* >& out ) {
1643	bool allConcrete = true; // will finish the substitution list even if they're not all concrete
1644
1645	// substitute concrete types for given parameters, and incomplete types for placeholders
1646	std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator baseParam = baseParams.begin();
1647	std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator param = params.begin();
1648	for ( ; baseParam != baseParams.end() && param != params.end(); ++baseParam, ++param ) {
1649	// switch ( (*baseParam)->get_kind() ) {
1650	// case TypeDecl::Any: { // any type is a valid substitution here; complete types can be used to instantiate generics
1651	TypeExpr paramType = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr >( *param );
1652	assert(paramType && "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");
1653	out.push_back( paramType->clone() );
1654	// check that the substituted type isn't a type variable itself
1655	if ( dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( paramType->get_type() ) ) {
1656	allConcrete = false;
1657	}
1658	// break;
1659	// }
1660	// case TypeDecl::Dtype: // dtype can be consistently replaced with void [only pointers, which become void*]
1661	// out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new VoidType( Type::Qualifiers() ) ) );
1662	// break;
1663	// case TypeDecl::Ftype: // pointer-to-ftype can be consistently replaced with void (*)(void) [similar to dtype]
1664	// out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false ) ) );
1665	// break;
1666	// }
1667	}
1668
1669	// if any parameters left over, not done
1670	if ( baseParam != baseParams.end() ) return false;
1671	// // if not enough parameters given, substitute remaining incomplete types for placeholders
1672	// for ( ; baseParam != baseParams.end(); ++baseParam ) {
1673	// switch ( (*baseParam)->get_kind() ) {
1674	// case TypeDecl::Any: // no more substitutions here, fail early
1675	// return false;
1676	// case TypeDecl::Dtype: // dtype can be consistently replaced with void [only pointers, which become void*]
1677	// out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new VoidType( Type::Qualifiers() ) ) );
1678	// break;
1679	// case TypeDecl::Ftype: // pointer-to-ftype can be consistently replaced with void (*)(void) [similar to dtype]
1680	// out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false ) ) );
1681	// break;
1682	// }
1683	// }
1684
1685	return allConcrete;
1686	}
1687
1688	/// Substitutes types of members of in according to baseParams => typeSubs, appending the result to out
1689	void substituteMembers( const std::list< Declaration* >& in, const std::list< TypeDecl* >& baseParams, const std::list< TypeExpr* >& typeSubs,
1690	std::list< Declaration* >& out ) {
1691	// substitute types into new members
1692	TypeSubstitution subs( baseParams.begin(), baseParams.end(), typeSubs.begin() );
1693	for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = in.begin(); member != in.end(); ++member ) {
1694	Declaration newMember = (member)->clone();
1695	subs.apply(newMember);
1696	out.push_back( newMember );
1697	}
1698	}
1699
1700	Type* GenericInstantiator::mutate( StructInstType *inst ) {
1701	// mutate subtypes
1702	Type *mutated = Mutator::mutate( inst );
1703	inst = dynamic_cast< StructInstType* >( mutated );
1704	if ( ! inst ) return mutated;
1705
1706	// exit early if no need for further mutation
1707	if ( inst->get_parameters().empty() ) return inst;
1708	assert( inst->get_baseParameters() && "Base struct has parameters" );
1709
1710	// check if type can be concretely instantiated; put substitutions into typeSubs
1711	std::list< TypeExpr* > typeSubs;
1712	if ( ! makeSubstitutions( *inst->get_baseParameters(), inst->get_parameters(), typeSubs ) ) {
1713	deleteAll( typeSubs );
1714	return inst;
1715	}
1716
1717	// make concrete instantiation of generic type
1718	StructDecl *concDecl = lookup( inst, typeSubs );
1719	if ( ! concDecl ) {
1720	// set concDecl to new type, insert type declaration into statements to add
1721	concDecl = new StructDecl( typeNamer.newName( inst->get_name() ) );
1722	substituteMembers( inst->get_baseStruct()->get_members(), *inst->get_baseParameters(), typeSubs, concDecl->get_members() );
1723	DeclMutator::addDeclaration( concDecl );
1724	insert( inst, typeSubs, concDecl );
1725	}
1726	StructInstType *newInst = new StructInstType( inst->get_qualifiers(), concDecl->get_name() );
1727	newInst->set_baseStruct( concDecl );
1728
1729	deleteAll( typeSubs );
1730	delete inst;
1731	return newInst;
1732	}
1733
1734	Type* GenericInstantiator::mutate( UnionInstType *inst ) {
1735	// mutate subtypes
1736	Type *mutated = Mutator::mutate( inst );
1737	inst = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType* >( mutated );
1738	if ( ! inst ) return mutated;
1739
1740	// exit early if no need for further mutation
1741	if ( inst->get_parameters().empty() ) return inst;
1742	assert( inst->get_baseParameters() && "Base union has parameters" );
1743
1744	// check if type can be concretely instantiated; put substitutions into typeSubs
1745	std::list< TypeExpr* > typeSubs;
1746	if ( ! makeSubstitutions( *inst->get_baseParameters(), inst->get_parameters(), typeSubs ) ) {
1747	deleteAll( typeSubs );
1748	return inst;
1749	}
1750
1751	// make concrete instantiation of generic type
1752	UnionDecl *concDecl = lookup( inst, typeSubs );
1753	if ( ! concDecl ) {
1754	// set concDecl to new type, insert type declaration into statements to add
1755	concDecl = new UnionDecl( typeNamer.newName( inst->get_name() ) );
1756	substituteMembers( inst->get_baseUnion()->get_members(), *inst->get_baseParameters(), typeSubs, concDecl->get_members() );
1757	DeclMutator::addDeclaration( concDecl );
1758	insert( inst, typeSubs, concDecl );
1759	}
1760	UnionInstType *newInst = new UnionInstType( inst->get_qualifiers(), concDecl->get_name() );
1761	newInst->set_baseUnion( concDecl );
1762
1763	deleteAll( typeSubs );
1764	delete inst;
1765	return newInst;
1766	}
1767
1768	// /// Gets the base struct or union declaration for a member expression; NULL if not applicable
1769	// AggregateDecl* getMemberBaseDecl( MemberExpr *memberExpr ) {
1770	// // get variable for member aggregate
1771	// VariableExpr varExpr = dynamic_cast< VariableExpr >( memberExpr->get_aggregate() );
1772	// if ( ! varExpr ) return NULL;
1773	//
1774	// // get object for variable
1775	// ObjectDecl objectDecl = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl >( varExpr->get_var() );
1776	// if ( ! objectDecl ) return NULL;
1777	//
1778	// // get base declaration from object type
1779	// Type *objectType = objectDecl->get_type();
1780	// StructInstType structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( objectType );
1781	// if ( structType ) return structType->get_baseStruct();
1782	// UnionInstType unionType = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType >( objectType );
1783	// if ( unionType ) return unionType->get_baseUnion();
1784	//
1785	// return NULL;
1786	// }
1787	//
1788	// /// Finds the declaration with the given name, returning decls.end() if none such
1789	// std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator findDeclNamed( const std::list< Declaration* > &decls, const std::string &name ) {
1790	// for( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator decl = decls.begin(); decl != decls.end(); ++decl ) {
1791	// if ( (*decl)->get_name() == name ) return decl;
1792	// }
1793	// return decls.end();
1794	// }
1795	//
1796	// Expression* Instantiate::mutate( MemberExpr *memberExpr ) {
1797	// // mutate, exiting early if no longer MemberExpr
1798	// Expression *expr = Mutator::mutate( memberExpr );
1799	// memberExpr = dynamic_cast< MemberExpr* >( expr );
1800	// if ( ! memberExpr ) return expr;
1801	//
1802	// // get declaration of member and base declaration of member, exiting early if not found
1803	// AggregateDecl *memberBase = getMemberBaseDecl( memberExpr );
1804	// if ( ! memberBase ) return memberExpr;
1805	// DeclarationWithType *memberDecl = memberExpr->get_member();
1806	// std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator baseIt = findDeclNamed( memberBase->get_members(), memberDecl->get_name() );
1807	// if ( baseIt == memberBase->get_members().end() ) return memberExpr;
1808	// DeclarationWithType baseDecl = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *baseIt );
1809	// if ( ! baseDecl ) return memberExpr;
1810	//
1811	// // check if stated type of the member is not the type of the member's declaration; if so, need a cast
1812	// // this SHOULD be safe, I don't think anything but the void-replacements I put in for dtypes would make it past the typechecker
1813	// SymTab::Indexer dummy;
1814	// if ( ResolvExpr::typesCompatible( memberDecl->get_type(), baseDecl->get_type(), dummy ) ) return memberExpr;
1815	// else return new CastExpr( memberExpr, memberDecl->get_type() );
1816	// }
1817
1818	void GenericInstantiator::doBeginScope() {
1819	DeclMutator::doBeginScope();
1820	instantiations.beginScope();
1821	}
1822
1823	void GenericInstantiator::doEndScope() {
1824	DeclMutator::doEndScope();
1825	instantiations.endScope();
1826	}
1827
1828	////////////////////////////////////////// PolyGenericCalculator ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1829
1830	void PolyGenericCalculator::beginTypeScope( Type *ty ) {
1831	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
1832	makeTyVarMap( ty, scopeTyVars );
1833	}
1834
1835	void PolyGenericCalculator::endTypeScope() {
1836	scopeTyVars.endScope();
1837	}
1838
1839	template< typename DeclClass >
1840	DeclClass * PolyGenericCalculator::handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type type ) {
1841	beginTypeScope( type );
1842	knownLayouts.beginScope();
1843	knownOffsets.beginScope();
1844
1845	DeclClass ret = static_cast< DeclClass >( Mutator::mutate( decl ) );
1846
1847	knownOffsets.endScope();
1848	knownLayouts.endScope();
1849	endTypeScope();
1850	return ret;
1851	}
1852
1853	ObjectDecl * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( ObjectDecl *objectDecl ) {
1854	return handleDecl( objectDecl, objectDecl->get_type() );
1855	}
1856
1857	DeclarationWithType * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl ) {
1858	return handleDecl( functionDecl, functionDecl->get_functionType() );
1859	}
1860
1861	TypedefDecl * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( TypedefDecl *typedefDecl ) {
1862	return handleDecl( typedefDecl, typedefDecl->get_base() );
1863	}
1864
1865	TypeDecl * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( TypeDecl *typeDecl ) {
1866	scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
1867	return Mutator::mutate( typeDecl );
1868	}
1869
1870	Type * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( PointerType *pointerType ) {
1871	beginTypeScope( pointerType );
1872
1873	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( pointerType );
1874
1875	endTypeScope();
1876	return ret;
1877	}
1878
1879	Type * PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( FunctionType *funcType ) {
1880	beginTypeScope( funcType );
1881
1882	// make sure that any type information passed into the function is accounted for
1883	for ( std::list< DeclarationWithType* >::const_iterator fnParm = funcType->get_parameters().begin(); fnParm != funcType->get_parameters().end(); ++fnParm ) {
1884	// condition here duplicates that in Pass2::mutate( FunctionType* )
1885	Type polyType = isPolyType( (fnParm)->get_type(), scopeTyVars );
1886	if ( polyType && ! dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( polyType ) ) {
1887	knownLayouts.insert( mangleType( polyType ) );
1888	}
1889	}
1890
1891	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( funcType );
1892
1893	endTypeScope();
1894	return ret;
1895	}
1896
1897	Statement PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( DeclStmt declStmt ) {
1898	if ( ObjectDecl objectDecl = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl >( declStmt->get_decl() ) ) {
1899	if ( findGeneric( objectDecl->get_type() ) ) {
1900	// change initialization of a polymorphic value object
1901	// to allocate storage with alloca
1902	Type *declType = objectDecl->get_type();
1903	UntypedExpr *alloc = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "__builtin_alloca" ) );
1904	alloc->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( sizeofName( mangleType( declType ) ) ) );
1905
1906	delete objectDecl->get_init();
1907
1908	std::list<Expression*> designators;
1909	objectDecl->set_init( new SingleInit( alloc, designators ) );
1910	}
1911	}
1912	return Mutator::mutate( declStmt );
1913	}
1914
1915	/// Finds the member in the base list that matches the given declaration; returns its index, or -1 if not present
1916	long findMember( DeclarationWithType memberDecl, std::list< Declaration > &baseDecls ) {
1917	long i = 0;
1918	for(std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator decl = baseDecls.begin(); decl != baseDecls.end(); ++decl, ++i ) {
1919	if ( memberDecl->get_name() != (*decl)->get_name() ) continue;
1920
1921	if ( DeclarationWithType declWithType = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *decl ) ) {
1922	if ( memberDecl->get_mangleName().empty() \|\| declWithType->get_mangleName().empty()
1923	\|\| memberDecl->get_mangleName() == declWithType->get_mangleName() ) return i;
1924	else continue;
1925	} else return i;
1926	}
1927	return -1;
1928	}
1929
1930	/// Returns an index expression into the offset array for a type
1931	Expression makeOffsetIndex( Type objectType, long i ) {
1932	std::stringstream offset_namer;
1933	offset_namer << i;
1934	ConstantExpr *fieldIndex = new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), offset_namer.str() ) );
1935	UntypedExpr *fieldOffset = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?[?]" ) );
1936	fieldOffset->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( offsetofName( mangleType( objectType ) ) ) );
1937	fieldOffset->get_args().push_back( fieldIndex );
1938	return fieldOffset;
1939	}
1940
1941	/// Returns an expression dereferenced n times
1942	Expression makeDerefdVar( Expression derefdVar, long n ) {
1943	for ( int i = 1; i < n; ++i ) {
1944	UntypedExpr derefExpr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?" ) );
1945	derefExpr->get_args().push_back( derefdVar );
1946	derefdVar = derefExpr;
1947	}
1948	return derefdVar;
1949	}
1950
1951	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( MemberExpr memberExpr ) {
1952	// mutate, exiting early if no longer MemberExpr
1953	Expression *expr = Mutator::mutate( memberExpr );
1954	memberExpr = dynamic_cast< MemberExpr* >( expr );
1955	if ( ! memberExpr ) return expr;
1956
1957	// get declaration for base struct, exiting early if not found
1958	int varDepth;
1959	VariableExpr *varExpr = getBaseVar( memberExpr->get_aggregate(), &varDepth );
1960	if ( ! varExpr ) return memberExpr;
1961	ObjectDecl objectDecl = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl >( varExpr->get_var() );
1962	if ( ! objectDecl ) return memberExpr;
1963
1964	// only mutate member expressions for polymorphic types
1965	int tyDepth;
1966	Type *objectType = hasPolyBase( objectDecl->get_type(), scopeTyVars, &tyDepth );
1967	if ( ! objectType ) return memberExpr;
1968	findGeneric( objectType ); // ensure layout for this type is available
1969
1970	Expression *newMemberExpr = 0;
1971	if ( StructInstType structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( objectType ) ) {
1972	// look up offset index
1973	long i = findMember( memberExpr->get_member(), structType->get_baseStruct()->get_members() );
1974	if ( i == -1 ) return memberExpr;
1975
1976	// replace member expression with pointer to base plus offset
1977	UntypedExpr *fieldLoc = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?+?" ) );
1978	fieldLoc->get_args().push_back( makeDerefdVar( varExpr->clone(), varDepth ) );
1979	fieldLoc->get_args().push_back( makeOffsetIndex( objectType, i ) );
1980	newMemberExpr = fieldLoc;
1981	} else if ( dynamic_cast< UnionInstType* >( objectType ) ) {
1982	// union members are all at offset zero, so build appropriately-dereferenced variable
1983	newMemberExpr = makeDerefdVar( varExpr->clone(), varDepth );
1984	} else return memberExpr;
1985	assert( newMemberExpr );
1986
1987	Type *memberType = memberExpr->get_member()->get_type();
1988	if ( ! isPolyType( memberType, scopeTyVars ) ) {
1989	// Not all members of a polymorphic type are themselves of polymorphic type; in this case the member expression should be wrapped and dereferenced to form an lvalue
1990	CastExpr *ptrCastExpr = new CastExpr( newMemberExpr, new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), memberType->clone() ) );
1991	UntypedExpr derefExpr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( "?" ) );
1992	derefExpr->get_args().push_back( ptrCastExpr );
1993	newMemberExpr = derefExpr;
1994	}
1995
1996	delete memberExpr;
1997	return newMemberExpr;
1998	}
1999
2000	ObjectDecl PolyGenericCalculator::makeVar( const std::string &name, Type type, Initializer *init ) {
2001	ObjectDecl *newObj = new ObjectDecl( name, DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::C, 0, type, init );
2002	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newObj ) );
2003	return newObj;
2004	}
2005
2006	void PolyGenericCalculator::addOtypeParamsToLayoutCall( UntypedExpr layoutCall, const std::list< Type > &otypeParams ) {
2007	for ( std::list< Type* >::const_iterator param = otypeParams.begin(); param != otypeParams.end(); ++param ) {
2008	if ( findGeneric( *param ) ) {
2009	// push size/align vars for a generic parameter back
2010	std::string paramName = mangleType( *param );
2011	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( sizeofName( paramName ) ) );
2012	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new NameExpr( alignofName( paramName ) ) );
2013	} else {
2014	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new SizeofExpr( (*param)->clone() ) );
2015	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AlignofExpr( (*param)->clone() ) );
2016	}
2017	}
2018	}
2019
2020	/// returns true if any of the otype parameters have a dynamic layout and puts all otype parameters in the output list
2021	bool findGenericParams( std::list< TypeDecl* > &baseParams, std::list< Expression* > &typeParams, std::list< Type* > &out ) {
2022	bool hasDynamicLayout = false;
2023
2024	std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator baseParam = baseParams.begin();
2025	std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator typeParam = typeParams.begin();
2026	for ( ; baseParam != baseParams.end() && typeParam != typeParams.end(); ++baseParam, ++typeParam ) {
2027	// skip non-otype parameters
2028	if ( (*baseParam)->get_kind() != TypeDecl::Any ) continue;
2029	TypeExpr typeExpr = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr >( *typeParam );
2030	assert( typeExpr && "all otype parameters should be type expressions" );
2031
2032	Type *type = typeExpr->get_type();
2033	out.push_back( type );
2034	if ( isPolyType( type ) ) hasDynamicLayout = true;
2035	}
2036	assert( baseParam == baseParams.end() && typeParam == typeParams.end() );
2037
2038	return hasDynamicLayout;
2039	}
2040
2041	bool PolyGenericCalculator::findGeneric( Type *ty ) {
2042	if ( TypeInstType typeInst = dynamic_cast< TypeInstType >( ty ) ) {
2043	// duplicate logic from isPolyType()
2044	if ( env ) {
2045	if ( Type *newType = env->lookup( typeInst->get_name() ) ) {
2046	return findGeneric( newType );
2047	} // if
2048	} // if
2049	if ( scopeTyVars.find( typeInst->get_name() ) != scopeTyVars.end() ) {
2050	// NOTE assumes here that getting put in the scopeTyVars included having the layout variables set
2051	return true;
2052	}
2053	return false;
2054	} else if ( StructInstType structTy = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( ty ) ) {
2055	// check if this type already has a layout generated for it
2056	std::string typeName = mangleType( ty );
2057	if ( knownLayouts.find( typeName ) != knownLayouts.end() ) return true;
2058
2059	// check if any of the type parameters have dynamic layout; if none do, this type is (or will be) monomorphized
2060	std::list< Type* > otypeParams;
2061	if ( ! findGenericParams( *structTy->get_baseParameters(), structTy->get_parameters(), otypeParams ) ) return false;
2062
2063	// insert local variables for layout and generate call to layout function
2064	knownLayouts.insert( typeName ); // done early so as not to interfere with the later addition of parameters to the layout call
2065	Type *layoutType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
2066
2067	int n_members = structTy->get_baseStruct()->get_members().size();
2068	if ( n_members == 0 ) {
2069	// all empty structs have the same layout - size 1, align 1
2070	makeVar( sizeofName( typeName ), layoutType, new SingleInit( new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_ulong( (unsigned long)1 ) ) ) );
2071	makeVar( alignofName( typeName ), layoutType->clone(), new SingleInit( new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_ulong( (unsigned long)1 ) ) ) );
2072	// NOTE zero-length arrays are forbidden in C, so empty structs have no offsetof array
2073	} else {
2074	ObjectDecl *sizeVar = makeVar( sizeofName( typeName ), layoutType );
2075	ObjectDecl *alignVar = makeVar( alignofName( typeName ), layoutType->clone() );
2076	ObjectDecl *offsetVar = makeVar( offsetofName( typeName ), new ArrayType( Type::Qualifiers(), layoutType->clone(), new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_int( n_members ) ), false, false ) );
2077
2078	// generate call to layout function
2079	UntypedExpr *layoutCall = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( layoutofName( structTy->get_baseStruct() ) ) );
2080	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( sizeVar ) ) );
2081	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( alignVar ) ) );
2082	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new VariableExpr( offsetVar ) );
2083	addOtypeParamsToLayoutCall( layoutCall, otypeParams );
2084
2085	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, layoutCall ) );
2086	}
2087
2088	return true;
2089	} else if ( UnionInstType unionTy = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType >( ty ) ) {
2090	// check if this type already has a layout generated for it
2091	std::string typeName = mangleType( ty );
2092	if ( knownLayouts.find( typeName ) != knownLayouts.end() ) return true;
2093
2094	// check if any of the type parameters have dynamic layout; if none do, this type is (or will be) monomorphized
2095	std::list< Type* > otypeParams;
2096	if ( ! findGenericParams( *unionTy->get_baseParameters(), unionTy->get_parameters(), otypeParams ) ) return false;
2097
2098	// insert local variables for layout and generate call to layout function
2099	knownLayouts.insert( typeName ); // done early so as not to interfere with the later addition of parameters to the layout call
2100	Type *layoutType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
2101
2102	ObjectDecl *sizeVar = makeVar( sizeofName( typeName ), layoutType );
2103	ObjectDecl *alignVar = makeVar( alignofName( typeName ), layoutType->clone() );
2104
2105	// generate call to layout function
2106	UntypedExpr *layoutCall = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( layoutofName( unionTy->get_baseUnion() ) ) );
2107	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( sizeVar ) ) );
2108	layoutCall->get_args().push_back( new AddressExpr( new VariableExpr( alignVar ) ) );
2109	addOtypeParamsToLayoutCall( layoutCall, otypeParams );
2110
2111	stmtsToAdd.push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, layoutCall ) );
2112
2113	return true;
2114	}
2115
2116	return false;
2117	}
2118
2119	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( SizeofExpr sizeofExpr ) {
2120	Type *ty = sizeofExpr->get_type();
2121	if ( findGeneric( ty ) ) {
2122	Expression *ret = new NameExpr( sizeofName( mangleType( ty ) ) );
2123	delete sizeofExpr;
2124	return ret;
2125	}
2126	return sizeofExpr;
2127	}
2128
2129	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( AlignofExpr alignofExpr ) {
2130	Type *ty = alignofExpr->get_type();
2131	if ( findGeneric( ty ) ) {
2132	Expression *ret = new NameExpr( alignofName( mangleType( ty ) ) );
2133	delete alignofExpr;
2134	return ret;
2135	}
2136	return alignofExpr;
2137	}
2138
2139	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( OffsetofExpr offsetofExpr ) {
2140	// mutate, exiting early if no longer OffsetofExpr
2141	Expression *expr = Mutator::mutate( offsetofExpr );
2142	offsetofExpr = dynamic_cast< OffsetofExpr* >( expr );
2143	if ( ! offsetofExpr ) return expr;
2144
2145	// only mutate expressions for polymorphic structs/unions
2146	Type *ty = offsetofExpr->get_type();
2147	if ( ! findGeneric( ty ) ) return offsetofExpr;
2148
2149	if ( StructInstType structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType >( ty ) ) {
2150	// replace offsetof expression by index into offset array
2151	long i = findMember( offsetofExpr->get_member(), structType->get_baseStruct()->get_members() );
2152	if ( i == -1 ) return offsetofExpr;
2153
2154	Expression *offsetInd = makeOffsetIndex( ty, i );
2155	delete offsetofExpr;
2156	return offsetInd;
2157	} else if ( dynamic_cast< UnionInstType* >( ty ) ) {
2158	// all union members are at offset zero
2159	delete offsetofExpr;
2160	return new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), std::string("0") ) );
2161	} else return offsetofExpr;
2162	}
2163
2164	Expression PolyGenericCalculator::mutate( OffsetPackExpr offsetPackExpr ) {
2165	StructInstType *ty = offsetPackExpr->get_type();
2166
2167	Expression *ret = 0;
2168	if ( findGeneric( ty ) ) {
2169	// pull offset back from generated type information
2170	ret = new NameExpr( offsetofName( mangleType( ty ) ) );
2171	} else {
2172	std::string offsetName = offsetofName( mangleType( ty ) );
2173	if ( knownOffsets.find( offsetName ) != knownOffsets.end() ) {
2174	// use the already-generated offsets for this type
2175	ret = new NameExpr( offsetName );
2176	} else {
2177	knownOffsets.insert( offsetName );
2178
2179	std::list< Declaration* > &baseMembers = ty->get_baseStruct()->get_members();
2180	Type *offsetType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
2181
2182	// build initializer list for offset array
2183	std::list< Initializer* > inits;
2184	for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = baseMembers.begin(); member != baseMembers.end(); ++member ) {
2185	DeclarationWithType *memberDecl;
2186	if ( DeclarationWithType origMember = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType >( *member ) ) {
2187	memberDecl = origMember->clone();
2188	} else {
2189	memberDecl = new ObjectDecl( (*member)->get_name(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, offsetType->clone(), 0 );
2190	}
2191	inits.push_back( new SingleInit( new OffsetofExpr( ty->clone(), memberDecl ) ) );
2192	}
2193
2194	// build the offset array and replace the pack with a reference to it
2195	ObjectDecl *offsetArray = makeVar( offsetName, new ArrayType( Type::Qualifiers(), offsetType, new ConstantExpr( Constant::from_ulong( baseMembers.size() ) ), false, false ),
2196	new ListInit( inits ) );
2197	ret = new VariableExpr( offsetArray );
2198	}
2199	}
2200
2201	delete offsetPackExpr;
2202	return ret;
2203	}
2204
2205	void PolyGenericCalculator::doBeginScope() {
2206	knownLayouts.beginScope();
2207	knownOffsets.beginScope();
2208	}
2209
2210	void PolyGenericCalculator::doEndScope() {
2211	knownLayouts.endScope();
2212	knownOffsets.endScope();
2213	}
2214
2215	////////////////////////////////////////// Pass3 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
2216
2217	template< typename DeclClass >
2218	DeclClass * Pass3::handleDecl( DeclClass decl, Type type ) {
2219	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
2220	makeTyVarMap( type, scopeTyVars );
2221
2222	DeclClass ret = static_cast< DeclClass >( Mutator::mutate( decl ) );
2223	ScrubTyVars::scrub( decl, scopeTyVars );
2224
2225	scopeTyVars.endScope();
2226	return ret;
2227	}
2228
2229	ObjectDecl * Pass3::mutate( ObjectDecl *objectDecl ) {
2230	return handleDecl( objectDecl, objectDecl->get_type() );
2231	}
2232
2233	DeclarationWithType * Pass3::mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl ) {
2234	return handleDecl( functionDecl, functionDecl->get_functionType() );
2235	}
2236
2237	TypedefDecl * Pass3::mutate( TypedefDecl *typedefDecl ) {
2238	return handleDecl( typedefDecl, typedefDecl->get_base() );
2239	}
2240
2241	TypeDecl * Pass3::mutate( TypeDecl *typeDecl ) {
2242	// Initializer *init = 0;
2243	// std::list< Expression *> designators;
2244	// scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
2245	// if ( typeDecl->get_base() ) {
2246	// init = new SimpleInit( new SizeofExpr( handleDecl( typeDecl, typeDecl->get_base() ) ), designators );
2247	// }
2248	// return new ObjectDecl( typeDecl->get_name(), Declaration::Extern, LinkageSpec::C, 0, new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::UnsignedInt ), init );
2249
2250	scopeTyVars[ typeDecl->get_name() ] = typeDecl->get_kind();
2251	return Mutator::mutate( typeDecl );
2252	}
2253
2254	Type * Pass3::mutate( PointerType *pointerType ) {
2255	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
2256	makeTyVarMap( pointerType, scopeTyVars );
2257
2258	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( pointerType );
2259
2260	scopeTyVars.endScope();
2261	return ret;
2262	}
2263
2264	Type * Pass3::mutate( FunctionType *functionType ) {
2265	scopeTyVars.beginScope();
2266	makeTyVarMap( functionType, scopeTyVars );
2267
2268	Type *ret = Mutator::mutate( functionType );
2269
2270	scopeTyVars.endScope();
2271	return ret;
2272	}
2273	} // anonymous namespace
2274	} // namespace GenPoly
2275
2276	// Local Variables: //
2277	// tab-width: 4 //
2278	// mode: c++ //
2279	// compile-command: "make install" //
2280	// End: //

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