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ADT arm-eh ast-experimental enum forall-pointer-decay jacob/cs343-translation new-ast-unique-expr pthread-emulation qualifiedEnum

Last change on this file since 467c8b7 was 467c8b7, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 5 years ago
start adding I/O acquire
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Rev	Line
[86bd7c1f]	1	//
	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
	6	//
[b117e0c]	7	// iostream.cfa --
[86bd7c1f]	8	//
[90c3b1c]	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
[86bd7c1f]	10	// Created On : Wed May 27 17:56:53 2015
[e24f13a]	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[467c8b7]	12	// Last Modified On : Sat Jan 16 11:24:50 2021
	13	// Update Count : 1131
[86bd7c1f]	14	//
[51b73452]	15
[58b6d1b]	16	#include "iostream.hfa"
[d3b7937]	17
[51b73452]	18	#include <stdio.h>
[53a6c2a]	19	#include <stdbool.h> // true/false
[e59e663]	20	#include <stdint.h> // UINT64_MAX
[6026628]	21	#include <float.h> // DBL_DIG, LDBL_DIG
	22	#include <complex.h> // creal, cimag
[7cfef0d]	23	//#include <string.h> // strlen, strcmp, memcpy
[6026628]	24	extern "C" {
[44574f2]	25	extern size_t strlen (const char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__pure__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1)));
[3c573e9]	26	extern int strcmp (const char __s1, const char __s2) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__pure__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
	27	extern char strcpy (char __restrict __dest, const char *__restrict __src) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
	28	extern void memcpy (void __restrict __dest, const void *__restrict __src, size_t __n) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
	29	} // extern "C"
[51b73452]	30
[7cfef0d]	31	#include "math.hfa" // isfinite, floor, ceiling_div
	32	#include "bitmanip.hfa" // high1
[7fd71c7]	33
[61c7239]	34
[8d321f9]	35	// ********************************* ostream *********************************
[61c7239]	36
	37
[3ce0d440]	38	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) ) {
[93c2e0a]	39	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, bool b ) {
[d1a9ff5]	40	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	41	fmt( os, "%s", b ? "true" : "false" );
	42	return os;
	43	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	44	void ?\|?( ostype & os, bool b ) {
[65240bb]	45	(ostype &)(os \| b); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	46	} // ?\|?
[51b73452]	47
[200fcb3]	48	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, char c ) {
	49	fmt( os, "%c", c );
[d1a9ff5]	50	if ( c == '\n' ) $setNL( os, true );
[200fcb3]	51	return sepOff( os );
	52	} // ?\|?
	53	void ?\|?( ostype & os, char c ) {
[65240bb]	54	(ostype &)(os \| c); ends( os );
[3ce0d440]	55	} // ?\|?
	56
[200fcb3]	57	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, signed char sc ) {
[d1a9ff5]	58	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[200fcb3]	59	fmt( os, "%hhd", sc );
[3ce0d440]	60	return os;
	61	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	62	void ?\|?( ostype & os, signed char sc ) {
[65240bb]	63	(ostype &)(os \| sc); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	64	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	65
[200fcb3]	66	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned char usc ) {
[d1a9ff5]	67	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[200fcb3]	68	fmt( os, "%hhu", usc );
[3ce0d440]	69	return os;
	70	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	71	void ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned char usc ) {
[65240bb]	72	(ostype &)(os \| usc); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	73	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	74
	75	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, short int si ) {
[d1a9ff5]	76	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	77	fmt( os, "%hd", si );
	78	return os;
	79	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	80	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, short int si ) {
[65240bb]	81	(ostype &)(os \| si); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	82	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	83
	84	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned short int usi ) {
[d1a9ff5]	85	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	86	fmt( os, "%hu", usi );
	87	return os;
	88	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	89	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned short int usi ) {
[65240bb]	90	(ostype &)(os \| usi); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	91	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	92
	93	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, int i ) {
[d1a9ff5]	94	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	95	fmt( os, "%d", i );
	96	return os;
	97	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	98	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, int i ) {
[65240bb]	99	(ostype &)(os \| i); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	100	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	101
	102	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned int ui ) {
[d1a9ff5]	103	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	104	fmt( os, "%u", ui );
	105	return os;
	106	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	107	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned int ui ) {
[65240bb]	108	(ostype &)(os \| ui); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	109	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	110
	111	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, long int li ) {
[d1a9ff5]	112	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	113	fmt( os, "%ld", li );
	114	return os;
	115	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	116	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, long int li ) {
[65240bb]	117	(ostype &)(os \| li); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	118	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	119
	120	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned long int uli ) {
[d1a9ff5]	121	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	122	fmt( os, "%lu", uli );
	123	return os;
	124	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	125	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned long int uli ) {
[65240bb]	126	(ostype &)(os \| uli); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	127	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	128
	129	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, long long int lli ) {
[d1a9ff5]	130	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	131	fmt( os, "%lld", lli );
	132	return os;
	133	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	134	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, long long int lli ) {
[65240bb]	135	(ostype &)(os \| lli); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	136	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	137
	138	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned long long int ulli ) {
[d1a9ff5]	139	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	140	fmt( os, "%llu", ulli );
	141	return os;
	142	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	143	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned long long int ulli ) {
[65240bb]	144	(ostype &)(os \| ulli); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	145	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	146
[bd5b443]	147	#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
	148	// UINT64_MAX 18_446_744_073_709_551_615_ULL
	149	#define P10_UINT64 10_000_000_000_000_000_000_ULL // 19 zeroes
	150
[ffa48a8]	151	static inline void base10_128( ostype & os, unsigned int128 val ) {
	152	#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC_PREREQ(7,0) // gcc version >= 7
[2c60c644]	153	if ( val > P10_UINT64 ) {
[ffa48a8]	154	#else
	155	if ( (uint64_t)(val >> 64) != 0 \|\| (uint64_t)val > P10_UINT64 ) { // patch gcc 5 & 6 -O3 bug
	156	#endif // __GNUC_PREREQ(7,0)
[bd5b443]	157	base10_128( os, val / P10_UINT64 ); // recursive
	158	fmt( os, "%.19lu", (uint64_t)(val % P10_UINT64) );
	159	} else {
	160	fmt( os, "%lu", (uint64_t)val );
	161	} // if
	162	} // base10_128
	163
[ffa48a8]	164	static inline void base10_128( ostype & os, int128 val ) {
[bd5b443]	165	if ( val < 0 ) {
	166	fmt( os, "-" ); // leading negative sign
	167	val = -val;
	168	} // if
	169	base10_128( os, (unsigned int128)val ); // print zero/positive value
	170	} // base10_128
	171
	172	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, int128 llli ) {
[e59e663]	173	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[bd5b443]	174	base10_128( os, llli );
	175	return os;
	176	} // ?\|?
	177	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, int128 llli ) {
	178	(ostype &)(os \| llli); ends( os );
	179	} // ?\|?
	180
	181	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned int128 ullli ) {
[e59e663]	182	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[bd5b443]	183	base10_128( os, ullli );
	184	return os;
	185	} // ?\|?
	186	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, unsigned int128 ullli ) {
	187	(ostype &)(os \| ullli); ends( os );
	188	} // ?\|?
	189	#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
	190
[e63326b]	191	#define PrintWithDP( os, format, val, ... ) \
	192	{ \
	193	enum { size = 48 }; \
	194	char buf[size]; \
	195	int len = snprintf( buf, size, format, ##__VA_ARGS__, val ); \
	196	fmt( os, "%s", buf ); \
	197	if ( isfinite( val ) ) { /* if number, always print decimal point */ \
	198	for ( int i = 0;; i += 1 ) { \
	199	if ( i == len ) { fmt( os, "." ); break; } \
	200	if ( buf[i] == '.' ) break; \
	201	} /* for */ \
	202	} /* if */ \
	203	}
[b2ac656]	204
[3ce0d440]	205	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, float f ) {
[d1a9ff5]	206	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[e63326b]	207	PrintWithDP( os, "%g", f );
[3ce0d440]	208	return os;
	209	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	210	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, float f ) {
[65240bb]	211	(ostype &)(os \| f); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	212	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	213
	214	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, double d ) {
[d1a9ff5]	215	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[e63326b]	216	PrintWithDP( os, "%.*lg", d, DBL_DIG );
[3ce0d440]	217	return os;
	218	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	219	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, double d ) {
[65240bb]	220	(ostype &)(os \| d); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	221	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	222
	223	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, long double ld ) {
[d1a9ff5]	224	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[e63326b]	225	PrintWithDP( os, "%.*Lg", ld, LDBL_DIG );
[3ce0d440]	226	return os;
	227	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	228	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, long double ld ) {
[65240bb]	229	(ostype &)(os \| ld); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	230	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	231
	232	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, float _Complex fc ) {
[d1a9ff5]	233	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[b2ac656]	234	// os \| crealf( fc ) \| nonl;
[3c573e9]	235	PrintWithDP( os, "%g", crealf( fc ) );
	236	PrintWithDP( os, "%+g", cimagf( fc ) );
[3c5dee4]	237	fmt( os, "i" );
[3ce0d440]	238	return os;
	239	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	240	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, float _Complex fc ) {
[65240bb]	241	(ostype &)(os \| fc); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	242	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	243
	244	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, double _Complex dc ) {
[d1a9ff5]	245	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[b2ac656]	246	// os \| creal( dc ) \| nonl;
[3c573e9]	247	PrintWithDP( os, "%.*lg", creal( dc ), DBL_DIG );
	248	PrintWithDP( os, "%+.*lg", cimag( dc ), DBL_DIG );
[3c5dee4]	249	fmt( os, "i" );
[3ce0d440]	250	return os;
	251	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	252	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, double _Complex dc ) {
[65240bb]	253	(ostype &)(os \| dc); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	254	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	255
	256	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, long double _Complex ldc ) {
[d1a9ff5]	257	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[b2ac656]	258	// os \| creall( ldc ) \|\| nonl;
[3c573e9]	259	PrintWithDP( os, "%.*Lg", creall( ldc ), LDBL_DIG );
	260	PrintWithDP( os, "%+.*Lg", cimagl( ldc ), LDBL_DIG );
[3c5dee4]	261	fmt( os, "i" );
[3ce0d440]	262	return os;
	263	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	264	void & ?\|?( ostype & os, long double _Complex ldc ) {
[65240bb]	265	(ostype &)(os \| ldc); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	266	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	267
[e3fea42]	268	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, const char str[] ) {
[3ce0d440]	269	enum { Open = 1, Close, OpenClose };
	270	static const unsigned char mask[256] @= {
	271	// opening delimiters, no space after
	272	['('] : Open, ['['] : Open, ['{'] : Open,
[ad72c8b]	273	['='] : Open, ['$'] : Open, [(unsigned char)'£'] : Open, [(unsigned char)'¥'] : Open,
	274	[(unsigned char)'¡'] : Open, [(unsigned char)'¿'] : Open, [(unsigned char)'«'] : Open,
[3ce0d440]	275	// closing delimiters, no space before
	276	[','] : Close, ['.'] : Close, [';'] : Close, ['!'] : Close, ['?'] : Close,
[ad72c8b]	277	['%'] : Close, [(unsigned char)'¢'] : Close, [(unsigned char)'»'] : Close,
[3ce0d440]	278	[')'] : Close, [']'] : Close, ['}'] : Close,
	279	// opening-closing delimiters, no space before or after
	280	['\''] : OpenClose, ['`'] : OpenClose, ['"'] : OpenClose, [':'] : OpenClose,
	281	[' '] : OpenClose, ['\f'] : OpenClose, ['\n'] : OpenClose, ['\r'] : OpenClose, ['\t'] : OpenClose, ['\v'] : OpenClose, // isspace
	282	}; // mask
	283
	284	if ( str[0] == '\0' ) { sepOff( os ); return os; } // null string => no separator
	285
	286	// first character IS NOT spacing or closing punctuation => add left separator
	287	unsigned char ch = str[0]; // must make unsigned
[d1a9ff5]	288	if ( $sepPrt( os ) && mask[ ch ] != Close && mask[ ch ] != OpenClose ) {
	289	fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	290	} // if
	291
	292	// if string starts line, must reset to determine open state because separator is off
[d1a9ff5]	293	$sepReset( os ); // reset separator
[3ce0d440]	294
	295	// last character IS spacing or opening punctuation => turn off separator for next item
	296	size_t len = strlen( str );
	297	ch = str[len - 1]; // must make unsigned
[d1a9ff5]	298	if ( $sepPrt( os ) && mask[ ch ] != Open && mask[ ch ] != OpenClose ) {
[3ce0d440]	299	sepOn( os );
	300	} else {
	301	sepOff( os );
	302	} // if
[d1a9ff5]	303	if ( ch == '\n' ) $setNL( os, true ); // check AFTER $sepPrt call above as it resets NL flag
[3ce0d440]	304	return write( os, str, len );
	305	} // ?\|?
[e3fea42]	306
	307	void ?\|?( ostype & os, const char str[] ) {
[65240bb]	308	(ostype &)(os \| str); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	309	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	310
	311	// ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, const char16_t * str ) {
[d1a9ff5]	312	// if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	313	// fmt( os, "%ls", str );
	314	// return os;
	315	// } // ?\|?
[d3b7937]	316
[3ce0d440]	317	// #if ! ( __ARM_ARCH_ISA_ARM == 1 && __ARM_32BIT_STATE == 1 ) // char32_t == wchar_t => ambiguous
	318	// ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, const char32_t * str ) {
[d1a9ff5]	319	// if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	320	// fmt( os, "%ls", str );
	321	// return os;
	322	// } // ?\|?
	323	// #endif // ! ( __ARM_ARCH_ISA_ARM == 1 && __ARM_32BIT_STATE == 1 )
[d3b7937]	324
[3ce0d440]	325	// ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, const wchar_t * str ) {
[d1a9ff5]	326	// if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	327	// fmt( os, "%ls", str );
	328	// return os;
	329	// } // ?\|?
	330
	331	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, const void * p ) {
[d1a9ff5]	332	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3ce0d440]	333	fmt( os, "%p", p );
	334	return os;
	335	} // ?\|?
[200fcb3]	336	void ?\|?( ostype & os, const void * p ) {
[65240bb]	337	(ostype &)(os \| p); ends( os );
[200fcb3]	338	} // ?\|?
[3ce0d440]	339
	340	// manipulators
	341	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, ostype & (* manip)( ostype & ) ) {
[9d362a0]	342	(ostype &)(manip( os ));
[200fcb3]	343	return os;
	344	} // ?\|?
	345	void ?\|?( ostype & os, ostype & (* manip)( ostype & ) ) {
[9d362a0]	346	(ostype &)(manip( os ));
[d1a9ff5]	347	if ( $getPrt( os ) ) ends( os ); // something printed ?
	348	$setPrt( os, false ); // turn off
[3ce0d440]	349	} // ?\|?
	350
	351	ostype & sep( ostype & os ) {
[9d362a0]	352	return (ostype &)(os \| sepGet( os ));
[3ce0d440]	353	} // sep
	354
	355	ostype & sepTuple( ostype & os ) {
[200fcb3]	356	return os \| sepGetTuple( os );
[3ce0d440]	357	} // sepTuple
	358
[200fcb3]	359	ostype & nl( ostype & os ) {
[9d362a0]	360	(ostype &)(os \| '\n');
[d1a9ff5]	361	$setPrt( os, false ); // turn off
	362	$setNL( os, true );
[3ce0d440]	363	flush( os );
[200fcb3]	364	return sepOff( os ); // prepare for next line
	365	} // nl
	366
	367	ostype & nonl( ostype & os ) {
[d1a9ff5]	368	$setPrt( os, false ); // turn off
[3ce0d440]	369	return os;
[200fcb3]	370	} // nonl
[3ce0d440]	371
	372	ostype & sepOn( ostype & os ) {
[200fcb3]	373	sepOn( os ); // call void returning
[3ce0d440]	374	return os;
	375	} // sepOn
	376
	377	ostype & sepOff( ostype & os ) {
[200fcb3]	378	sepOff( os ); // call void returning
[3ce0d440]	379	return os;
	380	} // sepOff
[6de9f4a]	381
[3ce0d440]	382	ostype & sepEnable( ostype & os ) {
[200fcb3]	383	sepEnable( os ); // call void returning
[3ce0d440]	384	return os;
	385	} // sepEnable
[b6dc097]	386
[3ce0d440]	387	ostype & sepDisable( ostype & os ) {
[200fcb3]	388	sepDisable( os ); // call void returning
[3ce0d440]	389	return os;
	390	} // sepDisable
[cf16f94]	391
[200fcb3]	392	ostype & nlOn( ostype & os ) {
	393	nlOn( os ); // call void returning
	394	return os;
	395	} // nlOn
	396
	397	ostype & nlOff( ostype & os ) {
	398	nlOff( os ); // call void returning
	399	return os;
	400	} // nlOff
[467c8b7]	401
	402	ostype & acquire( ostype & os ) {
	403	acquire( os ); // call void returning
	404	return os;
	405	} // nlOff
[200fcb3]	406	} // distribution
[cf16f94]	407
[c443d1d]	408	// tuples
[200fcb3]	409	forall( dtype ostype, otype T, ttype Params \| writeable( T, ostype ) \| { ostype & ?\|?( ostype &, Params ); } ) {
	410	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, T arg, Params rest ) {
[9d362a0]	411	(ostype &)(os \| arg); // print first argument
[d1a9ff5]	412	$sepSetCur( os, sepGetTuple( os ) ); // switch to tuple separator
[9d362a0]	413	(ostype &)(os \| rest); // print remaining arguments
[d1a9ff5]	414	$sepSetCur( os, sepGet( os ) ); // switch to regular separator
[200fcb3]	415	return os;
	416	} // ?\|?
	417	void ?\|?( ostype & os, T arg, Params rest ) {
[65240bb]	418	// (ostype &)(?\|?( os, arg, rest )); ends( os );
[9d362a0]	419	(ostype &)(os \| arg); // print first argument
[d1a9ff5]	420	$sepSetCur( os, sepGetTuple( os ) ); // switch to tuple separator
[9d362a0]	421	(ostype &)(os \| rest); // print remaining arguments
[d1a9ff5]	422	$sepSetCur( os, sepGet( os ) ); // switch to regular separator
[65240bb]	423	ends( os );
[200fcb3]	424	} // ?\|?
	425	} // distribution
[c443d1d]	426
[61c7239]	427	// writes the range [begin, end) to the given stream
	428	forall( dtype ostype, otype elt_type \| writeable( elt_type, ostype ), otype iterator_type \| iterator( iterator_type, elt_type ) ) {
	429	void write( iterator_type begin, iterator_type end, ostype & os ) {
	430	void print( elt_type i ) { os \| i; }
	431	for_each( begin, end, print );
	432	} // ?\|?
	433
	434	void write_reverse( iterator_type begin, iterator_type end, ostype & os ) {
	435	void print( elt_type i ) { os \| i; }
	436	for_each_reverse( begin, end, print );
	437	} // ?\|?
	438	} // distribution
	439
[8d321f9]	440	// ********************************* manipulators *********************************
[3c573e9]	441
[8d321f9]	442	// ********************************* integral *********************************
[3c573e9]	443
	444	static const char * shortbin[] = { "0", "1", "10", "11", "100", "101", "110", "111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111" };
	445	static const char * longbin[] = { "0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111" };
	446
	447	// Default prefix for non-decimal prints is 0b, 0, 0x.
[2c60c644]	448	#define IntegralFMTImpl( T, IFMTNP, IFMTP ) \
[3c573e9]	449	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	450	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
[d1a9ff5]	451	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) ); \
[3c573e9]	452	\
	453	if ( f.base == 'b' \|\| f.base == 'B' ) { /* bespoke binary format */ \
[7fd71c7]	454	int bits = high1( f.val ); /* position of most significant bit */ \
	455	if ( bits == 0 ) bits = 1; /* 0 value => force one bit to print */ \
[c7978c0]	456	int spaces; \
[3c573e9]	457	if ( ! f.flags.left ) { /* right justified ? */ \
	458	/* Note, base prefix then zero padding or spacing then prefix. */ \
[c7978c0]	459	if ( f.flags.pc ) { \
	460	spaces = f.wd - f.pc; \
	461	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
	462	if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%s", spaces, " " ); / space pad */ \
[3c573e9]	463	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
[c7978c0]	464	spaces = f.pc - bits; \
[3c573e9]	465	if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0d", spaces, 0 ); / zero pad */ \
	466	} else { \
[c7978c0]	467	spaces = f.wd - bits; \
	468	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
	469	if ( f.flags.pad0 ) { \
	470	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
	471	if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0d", spaces, 0 ); / zero pad */ \
	472	} else { \
	473	if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%s", spaces, " " ); / space pad */ \
	474	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
	475	} /* if */ \
	476	} /* if */ \
	477	} else { \
	478	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); \
	479	if ( f.flags.pc ) { \
	480	spaces = f.pc - bits; \
	481	if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0d", spaces, 0 ); / zero pad */ \
	482	spaces = f.wd - f.pc; \
	483	} else { /* pad0 flag ignored with left flag */ \
	484	spaces = f.wd - bits; \
[3c573e9]	485	} /* if */ \
[c7978c0]	486	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
[3c573e9]	487	} /* if */ \
[fd4d3017]	488	int shift = floor( bits - 1, 4 ); \
[3c573e9]	489	typeof( f.val ) temp = f.val; \
	490	fmt( os, "%s", shortbin[(temp >> shift) & 0xf] ); \
	491	for () { \
	492	shift -= 4; \
	493	if ( shift < 0 ) break; \
	494	temp = f.val; \
	495	fmt( os, "%s", longbin[(temp >> shift) & 0xf] ); \
	496	} /* for */ \
	497	if ( f.flags.left && spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); \
	498	return os; \
[2c60c644]	499	} /* if */ \
[3c573e9]	500	\
	501	char fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTP)]; /* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
	502	if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, IFMTNP, sizeof(IFMTNP) ); \
	503	else memcpy( &fmtstr, IFMTP, sizeof(IFMTP) ); \
	504	int star = 4; /* position before first '' / \
	505	\
	506	/* Insert flags into spaces before '', from right to left. / \
	507	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmtstr[star] = '#'; star -= 1; } \
	508	if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; } \
[2c60c644]	509	if ( f.flags.sign ) { fmtstr[star] = '+'; star -= 1; } \
[3c573e9]	510	if ( f.flags.pad0 && ! f.flags.pc ) { fmtstr[star] = '0'; star -= 1; } \
	511	fmtstr[star] = '%'; \
	512	\
	513	if ( ! f.flags.pc ) { /* no precision */ \
	514	fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTNP)-2] = f.base; /* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
[2c60c644]	515	/* printf( "%s %c\n", &fmtstr[star], f.base ); */ \
[3c573e9]	516	fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val ); \
	517	} else { /* precision */ \
	518	fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTP)-2] = f.base; /* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
[2c60c644]	519	/* printf( "%s %c\n", &fmtstr[star], f.base ); */ \
[3c573e9]	520	fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.pc, f.val ); \
	521	} /* if */ \
	522	return os; \
	523	} /* ?\|? */ \
[65240bb]	524	void ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { (ostype &)(os \| f); ends( os ); } \
[3c573e9]	525	} // distribution
	526
[2c60c644]	527	IntegralFMTImpl( signed char, "% hh ", "% .*hh " )
	528	IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned char, "% hh ", "% .*hh " )
	529	IntegralFMTImpl( signed short int, "% h ", "% .*h " )
	530	IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned short int, "% h ", "% .*h " )
	531	IntegralFMTImpl( signed int, "% * ", "% . " )
	532	IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned int, "% * ", "% . " )
	533	IntegralFMTImpl( signed long int, "% l ", "% .*l " )
	534	IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned long int, "% l ", "% .*l " )
	535	IntegralFMTImpl( signed long long int, "% ll ", "% .*ll " )
	536	IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned long long int, "% ll ", "% .*ll " )
	537
	538	#if 0
[bd5b443]	539	#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
	540	// Default prefix for non-decimal prints is 0b, 0, 0x.
	541	#define IntegralFMTImpl128( T, SIGNED, CODE, IFMTNP, IFMTP ) \
	542	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) ) \
[852a2f06]	543	static void base10_128( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
	544	if ( f.val > UINT64_MAX ) { \
	545	unsigned long long int lsig = f.val % P10_UINT64; \
	546	f.val /= P10_UINT64; /* msig */ \
	547	base10_128( os, f ); /* recursion */ \
	548	_Ostream_Manip(unsigned long long int) fmt @= { lsig, 0, 19, 'u', { .all : 0 } }; \
	549	fmt.flags.nobsdp = true; \
	550	/* printf( "fmt1 %c %lld %d\n", fmt.base, fmt.val, fmt.all ); */ \
[bd5b443]	551	sepOff( os ); \
[852a2f06]	552	(ostype &)(os \| fmt); \
[bd5b443]	553	} else { \
[852a2f06]	554	/* printf( "fmt2 %c %lld %d\n", f.base, (unsigned long long int)f.val, f.all ); */ \
	555	_Ostream_Manip(SIGNED long long int) fmt @= { (SIGNED long long int)f.val, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, { .all : f.all } }; \
	556	(ostype &)(os \| fmt); \
[bd5b443]	557	} /* if */ \
[852a2f06]	558	} /* base10_128 */ \
[bd5b443]	559	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	560	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
[e59e663]	561	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) ); \
[bd5b443]	562	\
[dd7c6520]	563	if ( f.base == 'b' \| f.base == 'B' \| f.base == 'o' \| f.base == 'x' \| f.base == 'X' ) { \
[bd5b443]	564	unsigned long long int msig = (unsigned long long int)(f.val >> 64); \
	565	unsigned long long int lsig = (unsigned long long int)(f.val); \
	566	_Ostream_Manip(SIGNED long long int) fmt @= { msig, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, { .all : f.all } }; \
	567	_Ostream_Manip(unsigned long long int) fmt2 @= { lsig, 0, 0, f.base, { .all : 0 } }; \
	568	if ( msig == 0 ) { \
	569	fmt.val = lsig; \
	570	(ostype &)(os \| fmt); \
	571	} else { \
	572	fmt2.flags.pad0 = fmt2.flags.nobsdp = true; \
[dd7c6520]	573	if ( f.base == 'b' \| f.base == 'B' ) { \
[dab31d0]	574	if ( fmt.flags.pc && fmt.pc > 64 ) fmt.pc -= 64; else { fmt.flags.pc = false; fmt.pc = 0; } \
[7fd71c7]	575	if ( fmt.flags.left ) { \
[1488f94]	576	fmt.flags.left = false; \
	577	fmt.wd = 0; \
	578	/* printf( "L %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all ); */ \
	579	fmt2.flags.left = true; \
	580	int msigd = high1( msig ); \
	581	fmt2.wd = f.wd - (fmt.pc > msigd ? fmt.pc : msigd); \
	582	if ( ! fmt.flags.nobsdp ) fmt2.wd -= 2; /* compensate for 0b base specifier */ \
	583	if ( (int)fmt2.wd < 64 ) fmt2.wd = 64; /* cast deals with negative value */ \
	584	fmt2.flags.pc = true; fmt2.pc = 64; \
[7fd71c7]	585	} else { \
	586	if ( fmt.wd > 64 ) fmt.wd -= 64; \
[1488f94]	587	else fmt.wd = 1; \
	588	/* printf( "R %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all ); */ \
[dab31d0]	589	fmt2.wd = 64; \
[7fd71c7]	590	} /* if */ \
[1488f94]	591	/* printf( "C %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", fmt2.val, fmt2.wd, fmt2.pc, fmt2.base, fmt2.all ); */ \
[bd5b443]	592	(ostype &)(os \| fmt \| "" \| fmt2); \
	593	} else if ( f.base == 'o' ) { \
[37e5640]	594	if ( fmt.flags.pc && fmt.pc > 22 ) fmt.pc -= 22; else { fmt.flags.pc = false; fmt.pc = 0; } \
[0a2e1c05]	595	fmt.val = (unsigned long long int)fmt.val >> 2; \
	596	fmt2.val = ((msig & 0x3) << 1) + ((lsig & 0x8000000000000000U) != 0); \
[7fd71c7]	597	if ( fmt.flags.left ) { \
[3d2852a]	598	fmt.flags.left = false; \
[0a2e1c05]	599	fmt.wd = 0; \
[fd4d3017]	600	/* printf( "L %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all, fmt2.val, fmt2.wd, fmt2.pc, fmt2.base, fmt2.all ); */ \
[3d2852a]	601	(ostype &)(os \| fmt \| "" \| fmt2); \
	602	sepOff( os ); \
	603	fmt2.flags.left = true; \
[53fd995]	604	int msigd = ceiling_div( high1( fmt.val ), 3 ); \
[1488f94]	605	fmt2.wd = f.wd - (fmt.pc > msigd ? fmt.pc : msigd); \
	606	if ( ! fmt.flags.nobsdp ) fmt2.wd -= 1; /* compensate for 0 base specifier */ \
[fd4d3017]	607	if ( (int)fmt2.wd < 21 ) fmt2.wd = 21; /* cast deals with negative value */ \
[dab31d0]	608	fmt2.flags.pc = true; fmt2.pc = 21; \
[7fd71c7]	609	} else { \
[b25aafa]	610	if ( fmt.wd > 22 ) fmt.wd -= 22; \
[1488f94]	611	else fmt.wd = 1; \
[fd4d3017]	612	/* printf( "R %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all, fmt2.val, fmt2.wd, fmt2.pc, fmt2.base, fmt2.all ); */ \
[7fd71c7]	613	(ostype &)(os \| fmt \| "" \| fmt2); \
	614	sepOff( os ); \
	615	fmt2.wd = 21; \
	616	} /* if */ \
[0a2e1c05]	617	fmt2.val = lsig & 0x7fffffffffffffffU; \
	618	/* printf( "\nC %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", fmt2.val, fmt2.wd, fmt2.pc, fmt2.base, fmt2.all ); */ \
	619	(ostype &)(os \| fmt2); \
[1488f94]	620	} else { /* f.base == 'x' \| f.base == 'X' */ \
	621	if ( fmt.flags.pc && fmt.pc > 16 ) fmt.pc -= 16; else { fmt.flags.pc = false; fmt.pc = 0; } \
[7fd71c7]	622	if ( fmt.flags.left ) { \
[1488f94]	623	fmt.flags.left = false; \
	624	fmt.wd = 0; \
	625	/* printf( "L %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all ); */ \
	626	fmt2.flags.left = true; \
	627	int msigd = high1( msig ); \
	628	fmt2.wd = f.wd - (fmt.pc > msigd ? fmt.pc : msigd); \
	629	if ( ! fmt.flags.nobsdp ) fmt2.wd -= 2; /* compensate for 0x base specifier */ \
	630	if ( (int)fmt2.wd < 16 ) fmt2.wd = 16; /* cast deals with negative value */ \
	631	fmt2.flags.pc = true; fmt2.pc = 16; \
[bd5b443]	632	} else { \
[7fd71c7]	633	if ( fmt.wd > 16 ) fmt.wd -= 16; \
[1488f94]	634	else fmt.wd = 1; \
	635	/* printf( "R %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all ); */ \
	636	fmt2.wd = 16; \
[bd5b443]	637	} /* if */ \
[1488f94]	638	/* printf( "C %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", fmt2.val, fmt2.wd, fmt2.pc, fmt2.base, fmt2.all ); */ \
[bd5b443]	639	(ostype &)(os \| fmt \| "" \| fmt2); \
	640	} /* if */ \
	641	} /* if */ \
	642	} else { \
[852a2f06]	643	if ( CODE == 'd' ) { \
	644	if ( f.val < 0 ) { fmt( os, "-" ); sepOff( os ); f.val = -f.val; f.flags.sign = false; } \
	645	} /* if */ \
[bd5b443]	646	base10_128( os, f ); \
	647	} /* if */ \
	648	return os; \
	649	} /* ?\|? */ \
	650	void ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { (ostype &)(os \| f); ends( os ); } \
	651	} // distribution
	652
	653	IntegralFMTImpl128( int128, signed, 'd', "% ll ", "% .*ll " )
	654	IntegralFMTImpl128( unsigned int128, unsigned, 'u', "% ll ", "% .*ll " )
	655	#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
[2c60c644]	656	#endif // 0
	657
	658	#if 1
	659	#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
	660	// Default prefix for non-decimal prints is 0b, 0, 0x.
	661	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) )
	662	static inline void base_128( ostype & os, unsigned int128 val, unsigned int128 power, _Ostream_Manip(uint64_t) & f, unsigned int maxdig, unsigned int bits, unsigned int cnt = 0 ) {
	663	int wd = 1; // f.wd is never 0 because 0 implies left-pad
	664	if ( val > power ) { // subdivide value into printable 64-bit values
	665	base_128( os, val / power, power, f, maxdig, bits, cnt + 1 ); // recursive
	666	f.val = val % power;
[ac9ba12]	667	if ( cnt == 1 && f.flags.left ) { wd = f.wd; f.wd = maxdig; } // copy f.wd and reset for printing middle chunk
[7d9bbef]	668	// printf( "R val:%#lx(%lu) wd:%u pc:%u base:%c neg:%d pc:%d left:%d nobsdp:%d sign:%d pad0:%d\n",
	669	// f.val, f.val, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, f.flags.neg, f.flags.pc, f.flags.left, f.flags.nobsdp, f.flags.sign, f.flags.pad0 );
[2c60c644]	670	(ostype &)(os \| f);
	671	if ( cnt == 1 ) {
[ac9ba12]	672	if ( f.flags.left ) { wd -= maxdig; f.wd = wd < 0 ? 1 : wd; } // update and restore f.wd for printing end chunk
[2c60c644]	673	sepOff( os ); // no seperator between chunks
	674	} // if
[ac9ba12]	675	} else { // print start chunk
[2c60c644]	676	f.val = val;
	677	// f.pc is unsigned => use wd
	678	if ( f.flags.pc && f.pc > maxdig * cnt ) { wd = f.pc - maxdig * cnt; f.pc = wd < 0 ? 0 : wd; }
	679	else { f.flags.pc = false; f.pc = 0; }
	680
	681	if ( ! f.flags.left ) { // right justify
	682	wd = f.wd - maxdig * cnt;
	683	f.wd = wd < 0 ? 1 : wd;
	684	wd = maxdig;
	685	} else { // left justify
	686	if ( cnt != 0 ) { // value >= 2^64 ?
	687	unsigned int dig, bs = 0;
[ac9ba12]	688	// compute size of prefix digits and base
[2c60c644]	689	if ( f.base == 'd' \|\| f.base == 'u' ) { // no base prefix
	690	dig = ceil( log10( f.val ) ); // use floating-point
	691	if ( f.base == 'd' && (f.flags.neg \|\| f.flags.sign) ) bs = 1; // sign ?
	692	} else {
[53fd995]	693	dig = ceiling_div( high1( f.val ), bits );
[2c60c644]	694	if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { // base prefix ?
	695	if ( f.base == 'o' ) {
	696	// 0 prefix for octal is not added for precision with leading zero
	697	if ( f.pc <= dig ) bs = 1; // 1 character prefix
	698	} else bs = 2; // 2 character prefix
	699	} // if
	700	} // if
	701	wd = f.wd - (f.pc > dig ? f.pc : dig) - bs; // precision > leading digits ?
	702	if ( wd < 0 ) wd = 1;
	703	f.wd = 1;
	704	} // if
	705	// all manipulators handled implicitly for value < 2^64
	706	} // if
	707	// prior checks ensure wd not negative
	708
	709	if ( f.flags.neg ) f.val = -f.val;
[7d9bbef]	710	// printf( "L val:%#lx(%lu) wd:%u pc:%u base:%c neg:%d pc:%d left:%d nobsdp:%d sign:%d pad0:%d\n",
	711	// f.val, f.val, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, f.flags.neg, f.flags.pc, f.flags.left, f.flags.nobsdp, f.flags.sign, f.flags.pad0 );
[2c60c644]	712	(ostype &)(os \| f);
	713
[ac9ba12]	714	// remaining middle and end chunks are padded with 0s on the left
[2c60c644]	715	if ( ! f.flags.left ) { f.flags.pad0 = true; f.flags.pc = false; } // left pad with 0s
	716	else { f.pc = maxdig; f.flags.pc = true; } // left pad with precision
[ac9ba12]	717
[2c60c644]	718	if ( cnt != 0 ) sepOff( os ); // no seperator between chunks
[ac9ba12]	719	f.wd = wd; // reset f.wd for next chunk
	720	f.flags.sign = false; // no leading +/- sign
	721	f.flags.nobsdp = true; // no leading base prefix
[2c60c644]	722	} // if
	723	} // base_128
	724
	725	#define IntegralFMTImpl128( T ) \
	726	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	727	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
	728	_Ostream_Manip(uint64_t) fmt; \
	729	fmt.[wd, pc, base, all] = f.[wd, pc, base, all]; \
	730	if ( f.base == 'b' \| f.base == 'B' ) { \
	731	base_128( os, f.val, (unsigned int128)1 << 64, fmt, 64, 1 ); \
	732	} else if ( f.base == 'o' ) { \
	733	base_128( os, f.val, (unsigned int128)1 << 63, fmt, 21, 3 ); \
	734	} else if ( f.base == 'd' \|\| f.base == 'u' ) { \
	735	if ( f.base == 'd' && f.val < 0 ) { f.val = -f.val; fmt.flags.neg = true; } \
	736	base_128( os, f.val, (unsigned int128)10_000_000_000_000_000_000UL, fmt, 19, 0 ); \
	737	} else { \
	738	base_128( os, f.val, (unsigned int128)1 << 64, fmt, 16, 4 ); \
	739	} /* if */ \
	740	return os; \
	741	} /* ?\|? */ \
	742	void ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { (ostype &)(os \| f); ends( os ); } \
	743	} // distribution
	744
	745	IntegralFMTImpl128( int128 )
	746	IntegralFMTImpl128( unsigned int128 )
	747	#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
	748	#endif // 0
[bd5b443]	749
[8d321f9]	750	// ********************************* floating point *********************************
[3c573e9]	751
	752	#define PrintWithDP2( os, format, val, ... ) \
	753	{ \
	754	enum { size = 48 }; \
	755	char buf[size]; \
	756	int bufbeg = 0, i, len = snprintf( buf, size, format, ##__VA_ARGS__, val ); \
	757	if ( isfinite( val ) && (f.base != 'g' \|\| f.pc != 0) ) { /* if number, print decimal point */ \
	758	for ( i = 0; i < len && buf[i] != '.' && buf[i] != 'e' && buf[i] != 'E'; i += 1 ); /* decimal point or scientific ? */ \
	759	if ( i == len && ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { \
	760	if ( ! f.flags.left ) { \
	761	buf[i] = '.'; buf[i + 1] = '\0'; \
[4f37255]	762	if ( buf[0] == ' ' ) bufbeg = 1; /* decimal point within width */ \
[3c573e9]	763	} else { \
	764	for ( i = 0; i < len && buf[i] != ' '; i += 1 ); /* trailing blank ? */ \
	765	buf[i] = '.'; \
	766	if ( i == len ) buf[i + 1] = '\0'; \
	767	} /* if */ \
	768	} /* if */ \
	769	} /* if */ \
	770	fmt( os, "%s", &buf[bufbeg] ); \
	771	}
	772
	773	#define FloatingPointFMTImpl( T, DFMTNP, DFMTP ) \
	774	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	775	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
[d1a9ff5]	776	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) ); \
[3c573e9]	777	char fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTP)]; /* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
	778	if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, DFMTNP, sizeof(DFMTNP) ); \
	779	else memcpy( &fmtstr, DFMTP, sizeof(DFMTP) ); \
	780	int star = 4; /* position before first '' / \
	781	\
	782	/* Insert flags into spaces before '', from right to left. / \
	783	if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; } \
	784	if ( f.flags.sign ) { fmtstr[star] = '+'; star -= 1; } \
	785	if ( f.flags.pad0 ) { fmtstr[star] = '0'; star -= 1; } \
	786	fmtstr[star] = '%'; \
	787	\
	788	if ( ! f.flags.pc ) { /* no precision */ \
	789	fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTNP)-2] = f.base; /* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
	790	/* printf( "%g %d %s\n", f.val, f.wd, &fmtstr[star]); */ \
	791	PrintWithDP2( os, &fmtstr[star], f.val, f.wd ) \
	792	} else { /* precision */ \
	793	fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTP)-2] = f.base; /* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
	794	/* printf( "%g %d %d %s\n", f.val, f.wd, f.pc, &fmtstr[star] ); */ \
	795	PrintWithDP2( os, &fmtstr[star], f.val, f.wd, f.pc ) \
	796	} /* if */ \
	797	return os; \
	798	} /* ?\|? */ \
[e3fea42]	799	\
[65240bb]	800	void ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { (ostype &)(os \| f); ends( os ); } \
[3c573e9]	801	} // distribution
	802
	803	FloatingPointFMTImpl( double, "% * ", "% . " )
	804	FloatingPointFMTImpl( long double, "% L ", "% .*L " )
	805
[8d321f9]	806	// ********************************* character *********************************
[3c573e9]	807
	808	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) ) {
	809	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(char) f ) {
[4f37255]	810	if ( f.base != 'c' ) { // bespoke binary/octal/hex format
[3c573e9]	811	_Ostream_Manip(unsigned char) fmtuc @= { f.val, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, {'\0'} };
	812	fmtuc.flags.pc = f.flags.pc;
	813	fmtuc.flags.nobsdp = f.flags.nobsdp;
	814	// os \| fmtuc \| nonl;
	815	(ostype &)(os \| fmtuc);
	816	return os;
	817	} // if
	818
[d1a9ff5]	819	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3c573e9]	820
	821	#define CFMTNP "% * "
[4f37255]	822	char fmtstr[sizeof(CFMTNP)]; // sizeof includes '\0'
[3c573e9]	823	memcpy( &fmtstr, CFMTNP, sizeof(CFMTNP) );
[4f37255]	824	int star = 1; // position before first '*'
[3c573e9]	825
	826	// Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left.
	827	if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; }
	828	fmtstr[star] = '%';
	829
[4f37255]	830	fmtstr[sizeof(CFMTNP)-2] = f.base; // sizeof includes '\0'
[3c573e9]	831	// printf( "%d %s\n", f.wd, &fmtstr[star] );
	832	fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val );
	833	return os;
	834	} // ?\|?
[e3fea42]	835
[65240bb]	836	void ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(char) f ) { (ostype &)(os \| f); ends( os ); }
[3c573e9]	837	} // distribution
	838
[8d321f9]	839	// ********************************* C string *********************************
[3c573e9]	840
	841	forall( dtype ostype \| ostream( ostype ) ) {
	842	ostype & ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(const char *) f ) {
	843	if ( ! f.val ) return os; // null pointer ?
	844
	845	if ( f.base != 's' ) { // bespoke binary/octal/hex format
	846	_Ostream_Manip(unsigned char) fmtuc @= { 0, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, {'\0'} };
	847	fmtuc.flags.pc = f.flags.pc;
	848	fmtuc.flags.nobsdp = f.flags.nobsdp;
	849	for ( unsigned int i = 0; f.val[i] != '\0'; i += 1 ) {
	850	fmtuc.val = f.val[i];
	851	// os \| fmtuc \| nonl;
	852	(ostype &)(os \| fmtuc);
	853	} // for
	854	return os;
	855	} // if
	856
[d1a9ff5]	857	if ( $sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", $sepGetCur( os ) );
[3c573e9]	858
	859	#define SFMTNP "% * "
	860	#define SFMTP "% . "
	861	char fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTP)]; // sizeof includes '\0'
	862	if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, SFMTNP, sizeof(SFMTNP) );
	863	else memcpy( &fmtstr, SFMTP, sizeof(SFMTP) );
	864	int star = 1; // position before first '*'
	865
	866	// Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left.
	867	if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; }
	868	fmtstr[star] = '%';
	869
	870	if ( ! f.flags.pc ) { // no precision
	871	// printf( "%d %s\n", f.wd, &fmtstr[star] );
	872	fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTNP)-2] = f.base; // sizeof includes '\0'
	873	fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val );
	874	} else { // precision
	875	fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTP)-2] = f.base; // sizeof includes '\0'
	876	// printf( "%d %d %s\n", f.wd, f.pc, &fmtstr[star] );
	877	fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.pc, f.val );
	878	} // if
	879	return os;
	880	} // ?\|?
[e3fea42]	881
[65240bb]	882	void ?\|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(const char *) f ) { (ostype &)(os \| f); ends( os ); }
[3c573e9]	883	} // distribution
	884
	885
[8d321f9]	886	// ********************************* istream *********************************
[3c573e9]	887
[e56cfdb0]	888
[3ce0d440]	889	forall( dtype istype \| istream( istype ) ) {
[93c2e0a]	890	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, bool & b ) {
[3ce0d440]	891	char val[6];
	892	fmt( is, "%5s", val );
	893	if ( strcmp( val, "true" ) == 0 ) b = true;
	894	else if ( strcmp( val, "false" ) == 0 ) b = false;
	895	else {
[93c2e0a]	896	fprintf( stderr, "invalid Boolean constant\n" );
[4f37255]	897	abort(); // cannot use abort stream
[3ce0d440]	898	} // if
	899	return is;
	900	} // ?\|?
	901
	902	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, char & c ) {
[0efb269]	903	char temp;
	904	for () {
[4f37255]	905	fmt( is, "%c", &temp ); // must pass pointer through varg to fmt
[0efb269]	906	// do not overwrite parameter with newline unless appropriate
	907	if ( temp != '\n' \|\| getANL( is ) ) { c = temp; break; }
	908	if ( eof( is ) ) break;
	909	} // for
[3ce0d440]	910	return is;
	911	} // ?\|?
	912
	913	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, signed char & sc ) {
[3c573e9]	914	fmt( is, "%hhi", &sc );
[3ce0d440]	915	return is;
	916	} // ?\|?
	917
	918	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, unsigned char & usc ) {
[3c573e9]	919	fmt( is, "%hhi", &usc );
[3ce0d440]	920	return is;
	921	} // ?\|?
	922
	923	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, short int & si ) {
[3c573e9]	924	fmt( is, "%hi", &si );
[3ce0d440]	925	return is;
	926	} // ?\|?
	927
	928	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, unsigned short int & usi ) {
[3c573e9]	929	fmt( is, "%hi", &usi );
[3ce0d440]	930	return is;
	931	} // ?\|?
	932
	933	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, int & i ) {
[3c573e9]	934	fmt( is, "%i", &i );
[3ce0d440]	935	return is;
	936	} // ?\|?
	937
	938	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, unsigned int & ui ) {
[3c573e9]	939	fmt( is, "%i", &ui );
[3ce0d440]	940	return is;
	941	} // ?\|?
	942
	943	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, long int & li ) {
[3c573e9]	944	fmt( is, "%li", &li );
[3ce0d440]	945	return is;
	946	} // ?\|?
	947
	948	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, unsigned long int & ulli ) {
[3c573e9]	949	fmt( is, "%li", &ulli );
[3ce0d440]	950	return is;
	951	} // ?\|?
	952
	953	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, long long int & lli ) {
[3c573e9]	954	fmt( is, "%lli", &lli );
[3ce0d440]	955	return is;
	956	} // ?\|?
	957
	958	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, unsigned long long int & ulli ) {
[3c573e9]	959	fmt( is, "%lli", &ulli );
[3ce0d440]	960	return is;
	961	} // ?\|?
	962
[cadec25]	963	#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
[fe68bdf]	964	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, int128 & i128 ) {
	965	return (istype &)(is \| (unsigned int128 &)i128);
	966	} // ?\|?
	967
	968	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, unsigned int128 & ui128 ) {
	969	char s[40];
	970	bool sign = false;
	971
	972	if ( fmt( is, " %[-]", s ) == 1 ) sign = true; // skip whitespace, negative sign ?
	973	// If the input is too large, the value returned is undefined. If there is no input, no value is returned
	974	if ( fmt( is, "%39[0-9]%*[0-9]", s ) == 1 ) { // take first 39 characters, ignore remaining
	975	ui128 = 0;
	976	for ( unsigned int i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i += 1 ) {
	977	ui128 = ui128 * 10 + s[i] - '0';
	978	} // for
	979	if ( sign ) ui128 = -ui128;
	980	} else if ( sign ) ungetc( is, '-' ); // return minus when no digits
	981	return is;
	982	} // ?\|?
[cadec25]	983	#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
[3ce0d440]	984
	985	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, float & f ) {
	986	fmt( is, "%f", &f );
	987	return is;
	988	} // ?\|?
	989
	990	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, double & d ) {
	991	fmt( is, "%lf", &d );
	992	return is;
	993	} // ?\|?
	994
	995	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, long double & ld ) {
	996	fmt( is, "%Lf", &ld );
	997	return is;
	998	} // ?\|?
	999
	1000
	1001	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, float _Complex & fc ) {
	1002	float re, im;
[3c573e9]	1003	fmt( is, "%f%fi", &re, &im );
[3ce0d440]	1004	fc = re + im * _Complex_I;
	1005	return is;
	1006	} // ?\|?
	1007
	1008	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, double _Complex & dc ) {
	1009	double re, im;
	1010	fmt( is, "%lf%lfi", &re, &im );
	1011	dc = re + im * _Complex_I;
	1012	return is;
	1013	} // ?\|?
	1014
	1015	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, long double _Complex & ldc ) {
	1016	long double re, im;
	1017	fmt( is, "%Lf%Lfi", &re, &im );
	1018	ldc = re + im * _Complex_I;
	1019	return is;
	1020	} // ?\|?
	1021
[e3fea42]	1022	// istype & ?\|?( istype & is, const char fmt[] ) {
[dc5072f]	1023	// fmt( is, fmt, "" );
	1024	// return is;
	1025	// } // ?\|?
[04396aa]	1026
	1027	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, char * s ) {
	1028	fmt( is, "%s", s );
	1029	return is;
	1030	} // ?\|?
	1031
[3ce0d440]	1032	// manipulators
	1033	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, istype & (* manip)( istype & ) ) {
	1034	return manip( is );
	1035	} // ?\|?
	1036
[200fcb3]	1037	istype & nl( istype & is ) {
[3c5dee4]	1038	fmt( is, "%*[^\n]" ); // ignore characters to newline
[3ce0d440]	1039	return is;
[200fcb3]	1040	} // nl
[0efb269]	1041
	1042	istype & nlOn( istype & is ) {
	1043	nlOn( is ); // call void returning
	1044	return is;
	1045	} // nlOn
	1046
	1047	istype & nlOff( istype & is ) {
	1048	nlOff( is ); // call void returning
	1049	return is;
	1050	} // nlOff
[3ce0d440]	1051	} // distribution
[44574f2]	1052
[8d321f9]	1053	// ********************************* manipulators *********************************
[3c573e9]	1054
	1055	forall( dtype istype \| istream( istype ) )
[61c7239]	1056	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, _Istream_Cstr f ) {
	1057	// skip xxx
	1058	if ( ! f.s ) {
[dc5072f]	1059	// printf( "skip %s %d\n", f.scanset, f.wd );
[4f37255]	1060	if ( f.wd == -1 ) fmt( is, f.scanset, "" ); // no input arguments
[dc5072f]	1061	else for ( f.wd ) fmt( is, "%*c" );
[61c7239]	1062	return is;
	1063	} // if
	1064	size_t len = 0;
	1065	if ( f.scanset ) len = strlen( f.scanset );
	1066	char fmtstr[len + 16];
	1067	int start = 1;
	1068	fmtstr[0] = '%';
	1069	if ( f.flags.ignore ) { fmtstr[1] = '*'; start += 1; }
	1070	if ( f.wd != -1 ) { start += sprintf( &fmtstr[start], "%d", f.wd ); }
	1071	// cstr %s, %s, %ws, %ws
	1072	if ( ! f.scanset ) {
	1073	fmtstr[start] = 's'; fmtstr[start + 1] = '\0';
	1074	// printf( "cstr %s\n", fmtstr );
	1075	fmt( is, fmtstr, f.s );
	1076	return is;
	1077	} // if
	1078	// incl %[xxx], %[xxx], %w[xxx], %w[xxx]
	1079	// excl %[^xxx], %[^xxx], %w[^xxx], %w[^xxx]
	1080	fmtstr[start] = '['; start += 1;
	1081	if ( f.flags.inex ) { fmtstr[start] = '^'; start += 1; }
	1082	strcpy( &fmtstr[start], f.scanset ); // copy includes '\0'
	1083	len += start;
	1084	fmtstr[len] = ']'; fmtstr[len + 1] = '\0';
	1085	// printf( "incl/excl %s\n", fmtstr );
	1086	fmt( is, fmtstr, f.s );
[3c573e9]	1087	return is;
[61c7239]	1088	} // ?\|?
[3c573e9]	1089
[86a8be5]	1090	forall( dtype istype \| istream( istype ) )
	1091	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, _Istream_Char f ) {
	1092	fmt( is, "%*c" ); // argument variable unused
	1093	return is;
	1094	} // ?\|?
	1095
[3c573e9]	1096	#define InputFMTImpl( T, CODE ) \
	1097	forall( dtype istype \| istream( istype ) ) \
	1098	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(T) f ) { \
	1099	enum { size = 16 }; \
	1100	char fmtstr[size]; \
[86a8be5]	1101	if ( f.wd == -1 ) { \
[3c573e9]	1102	snprintf( fmtstr, size, "%%%s%s", f.ignore ? "*" : "", CODE ); \
	1103	} else { \
	1104	snprintf( fmtstr, size, "%%%s%d%s", f.ignore ? "*" : "", f.wd, CODE ); \
	1105	} /* if */ \
	1106	/* printf( "%d %s %p\n", f.wd, fmtstr, &f.val ); */ \
	1107	fmt( is, fmtstr, &f.val ); \
	1108	return is; \
[61c7239]	1109	} // ?\|?
[3c573e9]	1110
	1111	InputFMTImpl( signed char, "hhi" )
	1112	InputFMTImpl( unsigned char, "hhi" )
	1113	InputFMTImpl( signed short int, "hi" )
	1114	InputFMTImpl( unsigned short int, "hi" )
	1115	InputFMTImpl( signed int, "i" )
	1116	InputFMTImpl( unsigned int, "i" )
	1117	InputFMTImpl( signed long int, "li" )
	1118	InputFMTImpl( unsigned long int, "li" )
	1119	InputFMTImpl( signed long long int, "lli" )
	1120	InputFMTImpl( unsigned long long int, "lli" )
	1121
	1122	InputFMTImpl( float, "f" )
	1123	InputFMTImpl( double, "lf" )
	1124	InputFMTImpl( long double, "Lf" )
	1125
[61c7239]	1126	forall( dtype istype \| istream( istype ) )
	1127	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(float _Complex) fc ) {
	1128	float re, im;
	1129	_Istream_Manip(float) fmtuc @= { re, fc.wd, fc.ignore };
	1130	is \| fmtuc;
	1131	&fmtuc.val = &im;
	1132	is \| fmtuc;
	1133	if ( ! fc.ignore ) fc.val = re + im * _Complex_I; // re/im are uninitialized for ignore
	1134	return is;
	1135	} // ?\|?
	1136
	1137	forall( dtype istype \| istream( istype ) )
	1138	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(double _Complex) dc ) {
	1139	double re, im;
	1140	_Istream_Manip(double) fmtuc @= { re, dc.wd, dc.ignore };
	1141	is \| fmtuc;
	1142	&fmtuc.val = &im;
	1143	is \| fmtuc;
	1144	if ( ! dc.ignore ) dc.val = re + im * _Complex_I; // re/im are uninitialized for ignore
	1145	return is;
	1146	} // ?\|?
	1147
	1148	forall( dtype istype \| istream( istype ) )
	1149	istype & ?\|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(long double _Complex) ldc ) {
	1150	long double re, im;
	1151	_Istream_Manip(long double) fmtuc @= { re, ldc.wd, ldc.ignore };
	1152	is \| fmtuc;
	1153	&fmtuc.val = &im;
	1154	is \| fmtuc;
	1155	if ( ! ldc.ignore ) ldc.val = re + im * _Complex_I; // re/im are uninitialized for ignore
	1156	return is;
	1157	} // ?\|?
[3c573e9]	1158
[86bd7c1f]	1159	// Local Variables: //
	1160	// tab-width: 4 //
[084520f]	1161	// compile-command: "cfa iostream.cfa" //
[86bd7c1f]	1162	// End: //

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