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heap.cfa @ efe39bb

Last change on this file since efe39bb was a47fe52, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 14 months ago
missing add of terminating thread-heap statistics to master heap, check for environment variable CFA_MALLOC_STATS and print heap statistics at program termination
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 67.5 KB

Rev	Line
[73abe95]	1	//
[c4f68dc]	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2017 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
[73abe95]	6	//
[92aca37]	7	// heap.cfa --
[73abe95]	8	//
[c4f68dc]	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
	10	// Created On : Tue Dec 19 21:58:35 2017
	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[a47fe52]	12	// Last Modified On : Wed Aug 2 18:48:30 2023
	13	// Update Count : 1614
[73abe95]	14	//
[c4f68dc]	15
[116a2ea]	16	#include <stdio.h>
[1e034d9]	17	#include <string.h> // memset, memcpy
[1076d05]	18	#include <limits.h> // ULONG_MAX
[31a5f418]	19	#include <errno.h> // errno, ENOMEM, EINVAL
[8ee54963]	20	#include <unistd.h> // STDERR_FILENO, sbrk, sysconf, write
[c4f68dc]	21	#include <sys/mman.h> // mmap, munmap
[116a2ea]	22	extern "C" {
[31a5f418]	23	#include <sys/sysinfo.h> // get_nprocs
[116a2ea]	24	} // extern "C"
[c4f68dc]	25
[8ee54963]	26	#include "heap.hfa"
[92aca37]	27	#include "bits/align.hfa" // libAlign
[bcb14b5]	28	#include "bits/defs.hfa" // likely, unlikely
[116a2ea]	29	#include "concurrency/kernel/fwd.hfa" // __POLL_PREEMPTION
[73abe95]	30	#include "startup.hfa" // STARTUP_PRIORITY_MEMORY
[116a2ea]	31	#include "math.hfa" // ceiling, min
[7cfef0d]	32	#include "bitmanip.hfa" // is_pow2, ceiling2
[c4f68dc]	33
[116a2ea]	34	// supported mallopt options
	35	#ifndef M_MMAP_THRESHOLD
	36	#define M_MMAP_THRESHOLD (-1)
	37	#endif // M_MMAP_THRESHOLD
	38
	39	#ifndef M_TOP_PAD
	40	#define M_TOP_PAD (-2)
	41	#endif // M_TOP_PAD
	42
	43	#define FASTLOOKUP // use O(1) table lookup from allocation size to bucket size
	44	#define OWNERSHIP // return freed memory to owner thread
[7a2057a]	45	#define RETURNSPIN // toggle spinlock / lockfree queue
	46	#if ! defined( OWNERSHIP ) && defined( RETURNSPIN )
	47	#warning "RETURNSPIN is ignored without OWNERSHIP; suggest commenting out RETURNSPIN"
	48	#endif // ! OWNERSHIP && RETURNSPIN
[116a2ea]	49
	50	#define CACHE_ALIGN 64
	51	#define CALIGN __attribute__(( aligned(CACHE_ALIGN) ))
	52
	53	#define TLSMODEL __attribute__(( tls_model("initial-exec") ))
	54
	55	//#define __STATISTICS__
	56
	57	enum {
	58	// The default extension heap amount in units of bytes. When the current heap reaches the brk address, the brk
	59	// address is extended by the extension amount.
	60	__CFA_DEFAULT_HEAP_EXPANSION__ = 10 * 1024 * 1024,
	61
	62	// The mmap crossover point during allocation. Allocations less than this amount are allocated from buckets; values
	63	// greater than or equal to this value are mmap from the operating system.
	64	__CFA_DEFAULT_MMAP_START__ = 512 * 1024 + 1,
	65
	66	// The default unfreed storage amount in units of bytes. When the uC++ program ends it subtracts this amount from
	67	// the malloc/free counter to adjust for storage the program does not free.
	68	__CFA_DEFAULT_HEAP_UNFREED__ = 0
	69	}; // enum
	70
	71
	72	//####################### Heap Trace/Print ####################
[31a5f418]	73
	74
[93c2e0a]	75	static bool traceHeap = false;
[d46ed6e]	76
[032234bd]	77	inline bool traceHeap() libcfa_public { return traceHeap; }
[d46ed6e]	78
[032234bd]	79	bool traceHeapOn() libcfa_public {
[93c2e0a]	80	bool temp = traceHeap;
[d46ed6e]	81	traceHeap = true;
	82	return temp;
	83	} // traceHeapOn
	84
[032234bd]	85	bool traceHeapOff() libcfa_public {
[93c2e0a]	86	bool temp = traceHeap;
[d46ed6e]	87	traceHeap = false;
	88	return temp;
	89	} // traceHeapOff
	90
[032234bd]	91	bool traceHeapTerm() libcfa_public { return false; }
[baf608a]	92
[d46ed6e]	93
[95eb7cf]	94	static bool prtFree = false;
[d46ed6e]	95
[116a2ea]	96	bool prtFree() {
[95eb7cf]	97	return prtFree;
	98	} // prtFree
[5d4fa18]	99
[116a2ea]	100	bool prtFreeOn() {
[95eb7cf]	101	bool temp = prtFree;
	102	prtFree = true;
[5d4fa18]	103	return temp;
[95eb7cf]	104	} // prtFreeOn
[5d4fa18]	105
[116a2ea]	106	bool prtFreeOff() {
[95eb7cf]	107	bool temp = prtFree;
	108	prtFree = false;
[5d4fa18]	109	return temp;
[95eb7cf]	110	} // prtFreeOff
[5d4fa18]	111
	112
[7a2057a]	113	//######################### Helpers #########################
	114
	115
	116	// generic Bsearchl does not inline, so substitute with hand-coded binary-search.
	117	inline __attribute__((always_inline))
	118	static size_t Bsearchl( unsigned int key, const unsigned int vals[], size_t dim ) {
	119	size_t l = 0, m, h = dim;
	120	while ( l < h ) {
	121	m = (l + h) / 2;
	122	if ( (unsigned int &)(vals[m]) < key ) { // cast away const
	123	l = m + 1;
	124	} else {
	125	h = m;
	126	} // if
	127	} // while
	128	return l;
	129	} // Bsearchl
[1e034d9]	130
[dd23e66]	131
[116a2ea]	132	// pause to prevent excess processor bus usage
	133	#if defined( __i386 ) \|\| defined( __x86_64 )
	134	#define Pause() __asm__ __volatile__ ( "pause" : : : )
	135	#elif defined(__ARM_ARCH)
	136	#define Pause() __asm__ __volatile__ ( "YIELD" : : : )
	137	#else
	138	#error unsupported architecture
	139	#endif
	140
[8ee54963]	141	typedef volatile uintptr_t SpinLock_t;
[116a2ea]	142
	143	static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) void lock( volatile SpinLock_t & slock ) {
	144	enum { SPIN_START = 4, SPIN_END = 64 * 1024, };
	145	unsigned int spin = SPIN_START;
	146
	147	for ( unsigned int i = 1;; i += 1 ) {
[8ee54963]	148	if ( slock == 0 && __atomic_test_and_set( &slock, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE ) == 0 ) break; // Fence
[116a2ea]	149	for ( volatile unsigned int s = 0; s < spin; s += 1 ) Pause(); // exponential spin
	150	spin += spin; // powers of 2
	151	//if ( i % 64 == 0 ) spin += spin; // slowly increase by powers of 2
	152	if ( spin > SPIN_END ) spin = SPIN_END; // cap spinning
	153	} // for
	154	} // spin_lock
	155
	156	static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) void unlock( volatile SpinLock_t & slock ) {
[8ee54963]	157	__atomic_clear( &slock, __ATOMIC_RELEASE ); // Fence
[116a2ea]	158	} // spin_unlock
[e723100]	159
	160
[433905a]	161	//####################### Heap Statistics ####################
[d46ed6e]	162
	163
[433905a]	164	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	165	enum { CntTriples = 12 }; // number of counter triples
	166	enum { MALLOC, AALLOC, CALLOC, MEMALIGN, AMEMALIGN, CMEMALIGN, RESIZE, REALLOC, FREE };
[bcb14b5]	167
[433905a]	168	struct StatsOverlay { // overlay for iteration
	169	unsigned int calls, calls_0;
	170	unsigned long long int request, alloc;
	171	};
[d46ed6e]	172
[433905a]	173	// Heap statistics counters.
	174	union HeapStatistics {
	175	struct { // minimum qualification
	176	unsigned int malloc_calls, malloc_0_calls;
	177	unsigned long long int malloc_storage_request, malloc_storage_alloc;
	178	unsigned int aalloc_calls, aalloc_0_calls;
	179	unsigned long long int aalloc_storage_request, aalloc_storage_alloc;
	180	unsigned int calloc_calls, calloc_0_calls;
	181	unsigned long long int calloc_storage_request, calloc_storage_alloc;
	182	unsigned int memalign_calls, memalign_0_calls;
	183	unsigned long long int memalign_storage_request, memalign_storage_alloc;
	184	unsigned int amemalign_calls, amemalign_0_calls;
	185	unsigned long long int amemalign_storage_request, amemalign_storage_alloc;
	186	unsigned int cmemalign_calls, cmemalign_0_calls;
	187	unsigned long long int cmemalign_storage_request, cmemalign_storage_alloc;
	188	unsigned int resize_calls, resize_0_calls;
	189	unsigned long long int resize_storage_request, resize_storage_alloc;
	190	unsigned int realloc_calls, realloc_0_calls;
	191	unsigned long long int realloc_storage_request, realloc_storage_alloc;
	192	unsigned int free_calls, free_null_calls;
	193	unsigned long long int free_storage_request, free_storage_alloc;
[116a2ea]	194	unsigned int return_pulls, return_pushes;
	195	unsigned long long int return_storage_request, return_storage_alloc;
[433905a]	196	unsigned int mmap_calls, mmap_0_calls; // no zero calls
	197	unsigned long long int mmap_storage_request, mmap_storage_alloc;
	198	unsigned int munmap_calls, munmap_0_calls; // no zero calls
	199	unsigned long long int munmap_storage_request, munmap_storage_alloc;
	200	};
	201	struct StatsOverlay counters[CntTriples]; // overlay for iteration
	202	}; // HeapStatistics
[1e034d9]	203
[433905a]	204	static_assert( sizeof(HeapStatistics) == CntTriples * sizeof(StatsOverlay),
[116a2ea]	205	"Heap statistics counter-triplets does not match with array size" );
[433905a]	206
	207	static void HeapStatisticsCtor( HeapStatistics & stats ) {
	208	memset( &stats, '\0', sizeof(stats) ); // very fast
	209	// for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < CntTriples; i += 1 ) {
	210	// stats.counters[i].calls = stats.counters[i].calls_0 = stats.counters[i].request = stats.counters[i].alloc = 0;
	211	// } // for
	212	} // HeapStatisticsCtor
	213
	214	static HeapStatistics & ?+=?( HeapStatistics & lhs, const HeapStatistics & rhs ) {
	215	for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < CntTriples; i += 1 ) {
	216	lhs.counters[i].calls += rhs.counters[i].calls;
	217	lhs.counters[i].calls_0 += rhs.counters[i].calls_0;
	218	lhs.counters[i].request += rhs.counters[i].request;
	219	lhs.counters[i].alloc += rhs.counters[i].alloc;
	220	} // for
	221	return lhs;
	222	} // ?+=?
	223	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[e723100]	224
	225
	226	// Recursive definitions: HeapManager needs size of bucket array and bucket area needs sizeof HeapManager storage.
[31a5f418]	227	// Break recursion by hardcoding number of buckets and statically checking number is correct after bucket array defined.
[95eb7cf]	228	enum { NoBucketSizes = 91 }; // number of buckets sizes
[d46ed6e]	229
[31a5f418]	230	struct Heap {
[c4f68dc]	231	struct Storage {
[bcb14b5]	232	struct Header { // header
[c4f68dc]	233	union Kind {
	234	struct RealHeader {
	235	union {
[bcb14b5]	236	struct { // 4-byte word => 8-byte header, 8-byte word => 16-byte header
[c4f68dc]	237	union {
[31a5f418]	238	// 2nd low-order bit => zero filled, 3rd low-order bit => mmapped
[9c438546]	239	// FreeHeader * home; // allocated block points back to home locations (must overlay alignment)
[c4f68dc]	240	void * home; // allocated block points back to home locations (must overlay alignment)
	241	size_t blockSize; // size for munmap (must overlay alignment)
[31a5f418]	242	Storage * next; // freed block points to next freed block of same size
[c4f68dc]	243	};
[9c438546]	244	size_t size; // allocation size in bytes
[c4f68dc]	245	};
	246	};
[93c2e0a]	247	} real; // RealHeader
[9c438546]	248
[c4f68dc]	249	struct FakeHeader {
[31a5f418]	250	uintptr_t alignment; // 1st low-order bit => fake header & alignment
	251	uintptr_t offset;
[93c2e0a]	252	} fake; // FakeHeader
	253	} kind; // Kind
[bcb14b5]	254	} header; // Header
[31a5f418]	255
[95eb7cf]	256	char pad[libAlign() - sizeof( Header )];
[bcb14b5]	257	char data[0]; // storage
[c4f68dc]	258	}; // Storage
	259
[31a5f418]	260	static_assert( libAlign() >= sizeof( Storage ), "minimum alignment < sizeof( Storage )" );
[c4f68dc]	261
[8ee54963]	262	struct CALIGN FreeHeader {
	263	size_t blockSize CALIGN; // size of allocations on this list
[116a2ea]	264	#ifdef OWNERSHIP
	265	#ifdef RETURNSPIN
	266	SpinLock_t returnLock;
	267	#endif // RETURNSPIN
	268	Storage * returnList; // other thread return list
	269	#endif // OWNERSHIP
[7a2057a]	270
[116a2ea]	271	Storage * freeList; // thread free list
	272	Heap * homeManager; // heap owner (free storage to bucket, from bucket to heap)
	273	}; // FreeHeader
[c4f68dc]	274
	275	FreeHeader freeLists[NoBucketSizes]; // buckets for different allocation sizes
[116a2ea]	276	void * heapBuffer; // start of free storage in buffer
	277	size_t heapReserve; // amount of remaining free storage in buffer
[c4f68dc]	278
[116a2ea]	279	#if defined( __STATISTICS__ ) \|\| defined( __CFA_DEBUG__ )
	280	Heap * nextHeapManager; // intrusive link of existing heaps; traversed to collect statistics or check unfreed storage
	281	#endif // __STATISTICS__ \|\| __CFA_DEBUG__
	282	Heap * nextFreeHeapManager; // intrusive link of free heaps from terminated threads; reused by new threads
	283
	284	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[8ee54963]	285	ptrdiff_t allocUnfreed; // running total of allocations minus frees; can be negative
[116a2ea]	286	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	287
	288	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	289	HeapStatistics stats; // local statistic table for this heap
	290	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[31a5f418]	291	}; // Heap
[c4f68dc]	292
[116a2ea]	293
	294	struct HeapMaster {
	295	SpinLock_t extLock; // protects allocation-buffer extension
	296	SpinLock_t mgrLock; // protects freeHeapManagersList, heapManagersList, heapManagersStorage, heapManagersStorageEnd
	297
	298	void * heapBegin; // start of heap
	299	void * heapEnd; // logical end of heap
	300	size_t heapRemaining; // amount of storage not allocated in the current chunk
	301	size_t pageSize; // architecture pagesize
	302	size_t heapExpand; // sbrk advance
	303	size_t mmapStart; // cross over point for mmap
	304	unsigned int maxBucketsUsed; // maximum number of buckets in use
	305
	306	Heap * heapManagersList; // heap-list head
	307	Heap * freeHeapManagersList; // free-list head
	308
	309	// Heap superblocks are not linked; heaps in superblocks are linked via intrusive links.
	310	Heap * heapManagersStorage; // next heap to use in heap superblock
	311	Heap * heapManagersStorageEnd; // logical heap outside of superblock's end
	312
	313	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	314	HeapStatistics stats; // global stats for thread-local heaps to add there counters when exiting
	315	unsigned long int threads_started, threads_exited; // counts threads that have started and exited
	316	unsigned long int reused_heap, new_heap; // counts reusability of heaps
	317	unsigned int sbrk_calls;
	318	unsigned long long int sbrk_storage;
	319	int stats_fd;
	320	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	321	}; // HeapMaster
[5d4fa18]	322
[e723100]	323
[31a5f418]	324	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
[116a2ea]	325	enum { LookupSizes = 65_536 + sizeof(Heap.Storage) }; // number of fast lookup sizes
[31a5f418]	326	static unsigned char lookup[LookupSizes]; // O(1) lookup for small sizes
	327	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
	328
[116a2ea]	329	static volatile bool heapMasterBootFlag = false; // trigger for first heap
	330	static HeapMaster heapMaster @= {}; // program global
	331
	332	static void heapMasterCtor();
	333	static void heapMasterDtor();
	334	static Heap * getHeap();
[31a5f418]	335
[5d4fa18]	336
[c1f38e6c]	337	// Size of array must harmonize with NoBucketSizes and individual bucket sizes must be multiple of 16.
[d5d3a90]	338	// Smaller multiples of 16 and powers of 2 are common allocation sizes, so make them generate the minimum required bucket size.
	339	// malloc(0) returns 0p, so no bucket is necessary for 0 bytes returning an address that can be freed.
[e723100]	340	static const unsigned int bucketSizes[] @= { // different bucket sizes
[31a5f418]	341	16 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), 32 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), 48 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), 64 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 4
	342	96 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), 112 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), 128 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 3
	343	160, 192, 224, 256 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 4
	344	320, 384, 448, 512 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 4
	345	640, 768, 896, 1_024 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 4
	346	1_536, 2_048 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 2
	347	2_560, 3_072, 3_584, 4_096 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 4
	348	6_144, 8_192 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 2
	349	9_216, 10_240, 11_264, 12_288, 13_312, 14_336, 15_360, 16_384 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 8
	350	18_432, 20_480, 22_528, 24_576, 26_624, 28_672, 30_720, 32_768 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 8
	351	36_864, 40_960, 45_056, 49_152, 53_248, 57_344, 61_440, 65_536 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 8
	352	73_728, 81_920, 90_112, 98_304, 106_496, 114_688, 122_880, 131_072 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 8
	353	147_456, 163_840, 180_224, 196_608, 212_992, 229_376, 245_760, 262_144 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 8
	354	294_912, 327_680, 360_448, 393_216, 425_984, 458_752, 491_520, 524_288 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 8
	355	655_360, 786_432, 917_504, 1_048_576 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 4
	356	1_179_648, 1_310_720, 1_441_792, 1_572_864, 1_703_936, 1_835_008, 1_966_080, 2_097_152 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 8
	357	2_621_440, 3_145_728, 3_670_016, 4_194_304 + sizeof(Heap.Storage), // 4
[5d4fa18]	358	};
[e723100]	359
[c1f38e6c]	360	static_assert( NoBucketSizes == sizeof(bucketSizes) / sizeof(bucketSizes[0] ), "size of bucket array wrong" );
[e723100]	361
[5d4fa18]	362
[116a2ea]	363	// extern visibility, used by runtime kernel
	364	libcfa_public size_t __page_size; // architecture pagesize
	365	libcfa_public int __map_prot; // common mmap/mprotect protection
[c4f68dc]	366
[19e5d65d]	367
[116a2ea]	368	// Thread-local storage is allocated lazily when the storage is accessed.
	369	static __thread size_t PAD1 CALIGN TLSMODEL __attribute__(( unused )); // protect false sharing
[8ee54963]	370	static __thread Heap * heapManager CALIGN TLSMODEL;
[07b59ec]	371	static __thread bool heapManagerBootFlag CALIGN TLSMODEL = false;
[116a2ea]	372	static __thread size_t PAD2 CALIGN TLSMODEL __attribute__(( unused )); // protect further false sharing
[19e5d65d]	373
[31a5f418]	374
[116a2ea]	375	// declare helper functions for HeapMaster
	376	void noMemory(); // forward, called by "builtin_new" when malloc returns 0
	377
	378
	379	void heapMasterCtor() with( heapMaster ) {
	380	// Singleton pattern to initialize heap master
	381
	382	verify( bucketSizes[0] == (16 + sizeof(Heap.Storage)) );
	383
	384	__page_size = sysconf( _SC_PAGESIZE );
	385	__map_prot = PROT_READ \| PROT_WRITE \| PROT_EXEC;
	386
[7a2057a]	387	extLock = 0;
	388	mgrLock = 0;
[116a2ea]	389
	390	char * end = (char *)sbrk( 0 );
	391	heapBegin = heapEnd = sbrk( (char *)ceiling2( (long unsigned int)end, libAlign() ) - end ); // move start of heap to multiple of alignment
	392	heapRemaining = 0;
	393	heapExpand = malloc_expansion();
	394	mmapStart = malloc_mmap_start();
	395
	396	// find the closest bucket size less than or equal to the mmapStart size
	397	maxBucketsUsed = Bsearchl( mmapStart, bucketSizes, NoBucketSizes ); // binary search
	398
	399	verify( (mmapStart >= pageSize) && (bucketSizes[NoBucketSizes - 1] >= mmapStart) );
	400	verify( maxBucketsUsed < NoBucketSizes ); // subscript failure ?
	401	verify( mmapStart <= bucketSizes[maxBucketsUsed] ); // search failure ?
	402
	403	heapManagersList = 0p;
	404	freeHeapManagersList = 0p;
	405
	406	heapManagersStorage = 0p;
	407	heapManagersStorageEnd = 0p;
	408
	409	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	410	HeapStatisticsCtor( stats ); // clear statistic counters
	411	threads_started = threads_exited = 0;
	412	reused_heap = new_heap = 0;
	413	sbrk_calls = sbrk_storage = 0;
	414	stats_fd = STDERR_FILENO;
	415	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	416
	417	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
	418	for ( unsigned int i = 0, idx = 0; i < LookupSizes; i += 1 ) {
	419	if ( i > bucketSizes[idx] ) idx += 1;
	420	lookup[i] = idx;
	421	verify( i <= bucketSizes[idx] );
	422	verify( (i <= 32 && idx == 0) \|\| (i > bucketSizes[idx - 1]) );
	423	} // for
	424	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
	425
	426	heapMasterBootFlag = true;
	427	} // heapMasterCtor
	428
	429
[7671c6d]	430	#define NO_MEMORY_MSG "** Error ** insufficient heap memory available to allocate %zd new bytes."
[116a2ea]	431
	432	Heap * getHeap() with( heapMaster ) {
	433	Heap * heap;
	434	if ( freeHeapManagersList ) { // free heap for reused ?
	435	heap = freeHeapManagersList;
	436	freeHeapManagersList = heap->nextFreeHeapManager;
	437
	438	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	439	reused_heap += 1;
	440	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	441	} else { // free heap not found, create new
	442	// Heap size is about 12K, FreeHeader (128 bytes because of cache alignment) * NoBucketSizes (91) => 128 heaps *
	443	// 12K ~= 120K byte superblock. Where 128-heap superblock handles a medium sized multi-processor server.
	444	size_t remaining = heapManagersStorageEnd - heapManagersStorage; // remaining free heaps in superblock
[8ee54963]	445	if ( ! heapManagersStorage \|\| remaining == 0 ) {
[116a2ea]	446	// Each block of heaps is a multiple of the number of cores on the computer.
	447	int HeapDim = get_nprocs(); // get_nprocs_conf does not work
	448	size_t size = HeapDim * sizeof( Heap );
	449
	450	heapManagersStorage = (Heap *)mmap( 0, size, PROT_READ \| PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE \| MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0 );
	451	if ( unlikely( heapManagersStorage == (Heap *)MAP_FAILED ) ) { // failed ?
	452	if ( errno == ENOMEM ) abort( NO_MEMORY_MSG, size ); // no memory
	453	// Do not call strerror( errno ) as it may call malloc.
[7671c6d]	454	abort( "** Error ** attempt to allocate block of heaps of size %zu bytes and mmap failed with errno %d.", size, errno );
[116a2ea]	455	} // if
	456	heapManagersStorageEnd = &heapManagersStorage[HeapDim]; // outside array
	457	} // if
	458
	459	heap = heapManagersStorage;
	460	heapManagersStorage = heapManagersStorage + 1; // bump next heap
	461
	462	#if defined( __STATISTICS__ ) \|\| defined( __CFA_DEBUG__ )
	463	heap->nextHeapManager = heapManagersList;
	464	#endif // __STATISTICS__ \|\| __CFA_DEBUG__
	465	heapManagersList = heap;
	466
	467	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	468	new_heap += 1;
	469	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	470
	471	with( *heap ) {
	472	for ( unsigned int j = 0; j < NoBucketSizes; j += 1 ) { // initialize free lists
	473	#ifdef OWNERSHIP
	474	#ifdef RETURNSPIN
[7a2057a]	475	freeLists[j].returnLock = 0;
[116a2ea]	476	freeLists[j].returnList = 0p;
[7a2057a]	477	#endif // RETURNSPIN
[116a2ea]	478	#endif // OWNERSHIP
[7a2057a]	479
[116a2ea]	480	freeLists[j].freeList = 0p;
	481	freeLists[j].homeManager = heap;
	482	freeLists[j].blockSize = bucketSizes[j];
	483	} // for
[88ac843e]	484
[116a2ea]	485	heapBuffer = 0p;
	486	heapReserve = 0;
	487	nextFreeHeapManager = 0p;
	488	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	489	allocUnfreed = 0;
	490	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[07b59ec]	491	heapManagerBootFlag = true;
[116a2ea]	492	} // with
[433905a]	493	} // if
[5951956]	494
[116a2ea]	495	return heap;
	496	} // getHeap
	497
	498
	499	void heapManagerCtor() libcfa_public {
	500	if ( unlikely( ! heapMasterBootFlag ) ) heapMasterCtor();
	501
[0bdfcc3]	502	lock( heapMaster.mgrLock ); // protect heapMaster counters
[116a2ea]	503
[07b59ec]	504	assert( ! heapManagerBootFlag );
	505
[116a2ea]	506	// get storage for heap manager
	507
	508	heapManager = getHeap();
	509
	510	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	511	HeapStatisticsCtor( heapManager->stats ); // heap local
	512	heapMaster.threads_started += 1;
	513	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	514
	515	unlock( heapMaster.mgrLock );
	516	} // heapManagerCtor
	517
	518
	519	void heapManagerDtor() libcfa_public {
[07b59ec]	520	if ( unlikely( ! heapManagerBootFlag ) ) return; // thread never used ?
	521
[116a2ea]	522	lock( heapMaster.mgrLock );
	523
	524	// place heap on list of free heaps for reusability
	525	heapManager->nextFreeHeapManager = heapMaster.freeHeapManagersList;
	526	heapMaster.freeHeapManagersList = heapManager;
	527
	528	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[a47fe52]	529	heapMaster.stats += heapManager->stats; // retain this heap's statistics
[116a2ea]	530	heapMaster.threads_exited += 1;
	531	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	532
	533	// Do not set heapManager to NULL because it is used after Cforall is shutdown but before the program shuts down.
	534
[07b59ec]	535	heapManagerBootFlag = false;
[116a2ea]	536	unlock( heapMaster.mgrLock );
	537	} // heapManagerDtor
	538
	539
	540	//####################### Memory Allocation Routines Helpers ####################
	541
[31a5f418]	542
[433905a]	543	extern int cfa_main_returned; // from interpose.cfa
	544	extern "C" {
[07b59ec]	545	void memory_startup( void ) { // singleton => called once at start of program
[116a2ea]	546	if ( ! heapMasterBootFlag ) heapManagerCtor(); // sanity check
	547	} // memory_startup
	548
	549	void memory_shutdown( void ) {
	550	heapManagerDtor();
	551	} // memory_shutdown
	552
[433905a]	553	void heapAppStart() { // called by __cfaabi_appready_startup
[116a2ea]	554	verify( heapManager );
	555	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	556	heapManager->allocUnfreed = 0; // clear prior allocation counts
	557	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	558
	559	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	560	HeapStatisticsCtor( heapManager->stats ); // clear prior statistic counters
	561	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[433905a]	562	} // heapAppStart
[31a5f418]	563
[433905a]	564	void heapAppStop() { // called by __cfaabi_appready_startdown
[116a2ea]	565	fclose( stdin ); fclose( stdout ); // free buffer storage
	566	if ( ! cfa_main_returned ) return; // do not check unfreed storage if exit called
	567
[a47fe52]	568	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	569	if ( getenv( "CFA_MALLOC_STATS" ) ) { // check for external printing
	570	malloc_stats();
	571	} // if
	572	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	573
[116a2ea]	574	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	575	// allocUnfreed is set to 0 when a heap is created and it accumulates any unfreed storage during its multiple thread
	576	// usages. At the end, add up each heap allocUnfreed value across all heaps to get the total unfreed storage.
[8ee54963]	577	ptrdiff_t allocUnfreed = 0;
[116a2ea]	578	for ( Heap * heap = heapMaster.heapManagersList; heap; heap = heap->nextHeapManager ) {
	579	allocUnfreed += heap->allocUnfreed;
	580	} // for
	581
	582	allocUnfreed -= malloc_unfreed(); // subtract any user specified unfreed storage
	583	if ( allocUnfreed > 0 ) {
	584	// DO NOT USE STREAMS AS THEY MAY BE UNAVAILABLE AT THIS POINT.
	585	char helpText[512];
	586	__cfaabi_bits_print_buffer( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, sizeof(helpText),
[8ee54963]	587	"CFA warning (UNIX pid:%ld) : program terminating with %td(%#tx) bytes of storage allocated but not freed.\n"
[116a2ea]	588	"Possible cause is unfreed storage allocated by the program or system/library routines called from the program.\n",
	589	(long int)getpid(), allocUnfreed, allocUnfreed ); // always print the UNIX pid
	590	} // if
	591	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[433905a]	592	} // heapAppStop
	593	} // extern "C"
[31a5f418]	594
	595
[433905a]	596	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[31a5f418]	597	static HeapStatistics stats; // zero filled
[c4f68dc]	598
[31a5f418]	599	#define prtFmt \
	600	"\nHeap statistics: (storage request / allocation)\n" \
	601	" malloc >0 calls %'u; 0 calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	602	" aalloc >0 calls %'u; 0 calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	603	" calloc >0 calls %'u; 0 calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	604	" memalign >0 calls %'u; 0 calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	605	" amemalign >0 calls %'u; 0 calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	606	" cmemalign >0 calls %'u; 0 calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	607	" resize >0 calls %'u; 0 calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	608	" realloc >0 calls %'u; 0 calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	609	" free !null calls %'u; null calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
[116a2ea]	610	" return pulls %'u; pushes %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	611	" sbrk calls %'u; storage %'llu bytes\n" \
	612	" mmap calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	613	" munmap calls %'u; storage %'llu / %'llu bytes\n" \
	614	" threads started %'lu; exited %'lu\n" \
	615	" heaps new %'lu; reused %'lu\n"
[31a5f418]	616
[c4f68dc]	617	// Use "write" because streams may be shutdown when calls are made.
[116a2ea]	618	static int printStats( HeapStatistics & stats ) with( heapMaster, stats ) { // see malloc_stats
[31a5f418]	619	char helpText[sizeof(prtFmt) + 1024]; // space for message and values
[116a2ea]	620	return __cfaabi_bits_print_buffer( stats_fd, helpText, sizeof(helpText), prtFmt,
	621	malloc_calls, malloc_0_calls, malloc_storage_request, malloc_storage_alloc,
	622	aalloc_calls, aalloc_0_calls, aalloc_storage_request, aalloc_storage_alloc,
	623	calloc_calls, calloc_0_calls, calloc_storage_request, calloc_storage_alloc,
	624	memalign_calls, memalign_0_calls, memalign_storage_request, memalign_storage_alloc,
	625	amemalign_calls, amemalign_0_calls, amemalign_storage_request, amemalign_storage_alloc,
	626	cmemalign_calls, cmemalign_0_calls, cmemalign_storage_request, cmemalign_storage_alloc,
	627	resize_calls, resize_0_calls, resize_storage_request, resize_storage_alloc,
	628	realloc_calls, realloc_0_calls, realloc_storage_request, realloc_storage_alloc,
	629	free_calls, free_null_calls, free_storage_request, free_storage_alloc,
	630	return_pulls, return_pushes, return_storage_request, return_storage_alloc,
[31a5f418]	631	sbrk_calls, sbrk_storage,
[116a2ea]	632	mmap_calls, mmap_storage_request, mmap_storage_alloc,
	633	munmap_calls, munmap_storage_request, munmap_storage_alloc,
	634	threads_started, threads_exited,
	635	new_heap, reused_heap
[c4f68dc]	636	);
[d46ed6e]	637	} // printStats
[c4f68dc]	638
[31a5f418]	639	#define prtFmtXML \
	640	"<malloc version=\"1\">\n" \
	641	"<heap nr=\"0\">\n" \
	642	"<sizes>\n" \
	643	"</sizes>\n" \
	644	"<total type=\"malloc\" >0 count=\"%'u;\" 0 count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	645	"<total type=\"aalloc\" >0 count=\"%'u;\" 0 count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	646	"<total type=\"calloc\" >0 count=\"%'u;\" 0 count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	647	"<total type=\"memalign\" >0 count=\"%'u;\" 0 count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	648	"<total type=\"amemalign\" >0 count=\"%'u;\" 0 count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	649	"<total type=\"cmemalign\" >0 count=\"%'u;\" 0 count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	650	"<total type=\"resize\" >0 count=\"%'u;\" 0 count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	651	"<total type=\"realloc\" >0 count=\"%'u;\" 0 count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	652	"<total type=\"free\" !null=\"%'u;\" 0 null=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
[116a2ea]	653	"<total type=\"return\" pulls=\"%'u;\" 0 pushes=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
[31a5f418]	654	"<total type=\"sbrk\" count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
	655	"<total type=\"mmap\" count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\" / > bytes\n" \
	656	"<total type=\"munmap\" count=\"%'u;\" size=\"%'llu / %'llu\"/> bytes\n" \
[116a2ea]	657	"<total type=\"threads\" started=\"%'lu;\" exited=\"%'lu\"/>\n" \
	658	"<total type=\"heaps\" new=\"%'lu;\" reused=\"%'lu\"/>\n" \
[31a5f418]	659	"</malloc>"
	660
[116a2ea]	661	static int printStatsXML( HeapStatistics & stats, FILE * stream ) with( heapMaster, stats ) { // see malloc_info
[31a5f418]	662	char helpText[sizeof(prtFmtXML) + 1024]; // space for message and values
	663	return __cfaabi_bits_print_buffer( fileno( stream ), helpText, sizeof(helpText), prtFmtXML,
[116a2ea]	664	malloc_calls, malloc_0_calls, malloc_storage_request, malloc_storage_alloc,
	665	aalloc_calls, aalloc_0_calls, aalloc_storage_request, aalloc_storage_alloc,
	666	calloc_calls, calloc_0_calls, calloc_storage_request, calloc_storage_alloc,
	667	memalign_calls, memalign_0_calls, memalign_storage_request, memalign_storage_alloc,
	668	amemalign_calls, amemalign_0_calls, amemalign_storage_request, amemalign_storage_alloc,
	669	cmemalign_calls, cmemalign_0_calls, cmemalign_storage_request, cmemalign_storage_alloc,
	670	resize_calls, resize_0_calls, resize_storage_request, resize_storage_alloc,
	671	realloc_calls, realloc_0_calls, realloc_storage_request, realloc_storage_alloc,
	672	free_calls, free_null_calls, free_storage_request, free_storage_alloc,
	673	return_pulls, return_pushes, return_storage_request, return_storage_alloc,
[31a5f418]	674	sbrk_calls, sbrk_storage,
[116a2ea]	675	mmap_calls, mmap_storage_request, mmap_storage_alloc,
	676	munmap_calls, munmap_storage_request, munmap_storage_alloc,
	677	threads_started, threads_exited,
	678	new_heap, reused_heap
[c4f68dc]	679	);
[d46ed6e]	680	} // printStatsXML
[95eb7cf]	681
[116a2ea]	682	static HeapStatistics & collectStats( HeapStatistics & stats ) with( heapMaster ) {
	683	lock( mgrLock );
[433905a]	684
[116a2ea]	685	stats += heapMaster.stats;
	686	for ( Heap * heap = heapManagersList; heap; heap = heap->nextHeapManager ) {
	687	stats += heap->stats;
	688	} // for
[433905a]	689
[116a2ea]	690	unlock( mgrLock );
	691	return stats;
	692	} // collectStats
	693	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[1e034d9]	694
	695
[116a2ea]	696	static bool setMmapStart( size_t value ) with( heapMaster ) { // true => mmapped, false => sbrk
[ad2dced]	697	if ( value < __page_size \|\| bucketSizes[NoBucketSizes - 1] < value ) return false;
[95eb7cf]	698	mmapStart = value; // set global
	699
	700	// find the closest bucket size less than or equal to the mmapStart size
[116a2ea]	701	maxBucketsUsed = Bsearchl( mmapStart, bucketSizes, NoBucketSizes ); // binary search
[7a2057a]	702
[116a2ea]	703	verify( maxBucketsUsed < NoBucketSizes ); // subscript failure ?
	704	verify( mmapStart <= bucketSizes[maxBucketsUsed] ); // search failure ?
[1076d05]	705	return true;
[95eb7cf]	706	} // setMmapStart
	707
	708
[cfbc703d]	709	// <-------+----------------------------------------------------> bsize (bucket size)
	710	// \|header \|addr
	711	//==================================================================================
	712	// align/offset \|
	713	// <-----------------<------------+-----------------------------> bsize (bucket size)
	714	// \|fake-header \| addr
[19e5d65d]	715	#define HeaderAddr( addr ) ((Heap.Storage.Header )( (char )addr - sizeof(Heap.Storage) ))
	716	#define RealHeader( header ) ((Heap.Storage.Header )((char )header - header->kind.fake.offset))
[cfbc703d]	717
	718	// <-------<<--------------------- dsize ---------------------->> bsize (bucket size)
	719	// \|header \|addr
	720	//==================================================================================
	721	// align/offset \|
	722	// <------------------------------<<---------- dsize --------->>> bsize (bucket size)
	723	// \|fake-header \|addr
[19e5d65d]	724	#define DataStorage( bsize, addr, header ) (bsize - ( (char )addr - (char )header ))
[cfbc703d]	725
	726
[116a2ea]	727	inline __attribute__((always_inline))
	728	static void checkAlign( size_t alignment ) {
[19e5d65d]	729	if ( unlikely( alignment < libAlign() \|\| ! is_pow2( alignment ) ) ) {
	730	abort( "** Error ** alignment %zu for memory allocation is less than %d and/or not a power of 2.", alignment, libAlign() );
[cfbc703d]	731	} // if
	732	} // checkAlign
	733
	734
[116a2ea]	735	inline __attribute__((always_inline))
	736	static void checkHeader( bool check, const char name[], void * addr ) {
[b6830d74]	737	if ( unlikely( check ) ) { // bad address ?
[19e5d65d]	738	abort( "** Error ** attempt to %s storage %p with address outside the heap.\n"
[bcb14b5]	739	"Possible cause is duplicate free on same block or overwriting of memory.",
	740	name, addr );
[b6830d74]	741	} // if
[c4f68dc]	742	} // checkHeader
	743
[95eb7cf]	744
[19e5d65d]	745	// Manipulate sticky bits stored in unused 3 low-order bits of an address.
	746	// bit0 => alignment => fake header
	747	// bit1 => zero filled (calloc)
	748	// bit2 => mapped allocation versus sbrk
	749	#define StickyBits( header ) (((header)->kind.real.blockSize & 0x7))
	750	#define ClearStickyBits( addr ) (typeof(addr))((uintptr_t)(addr) & ~7)
	751	#define MarkAlignmentBit( align ) ((align) \| 1)
	752	#define AlignmentBit( header ) ((((header)->kind.fake.alignment) & 1))
	753	#define ClearAlignmentBit( header ) (((header)->kind.fake.alignment) & ~1)
	754	#define ZeroFillBit( header ) ((((header)->kind.real.blockSize) & 2))
	755	#define ClearZeroFillBit( header ) ((((header)->kind.real.blockSize) &= ~2))
	756	#define MarkZeroFilledBit( header ) ((header)->kind.real.blockSize \|= 2)
	757	#define MmappedBit( header ) ((((header)->kind.real.blockSize) & 4))
	758	#define MarkMmappedBit( size ) ((size) \| 4)
	759
	760
[116a2ea]	761	inline __attribute__((always_inline))
	762	static void fakeHeader( Heap.Storage.Header *& header, size_t & alignment ) {
[19e5d65d]	763	if ( unlikely( AlignmentBit( header ) ) ) { // fake header ?
	764	alignment = ClearAlignmentBit( header ); // clear flag from value
[c4f68dc]	765	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	766	checkAlign( alignment ); // check alignment
	767	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[19e5d65d]	768	header = RealHeader( header ); // backup from fake to real header
[d5d3a90]	769	} else {
[c1f38e6c]	770	alignment = libAlign(); // => no fake header
[b6830d74]	771	} // if
[c4f68dc]	772	} // fakeHeader
	773
[95eb7cf]	774
[116a2ea]	775	inline __attribute__((always_inline))
	776	static bool headers( const char name[] __attribute__(( unused )), void * addr, Heap.Storage.Header *& header,
	777	Heap.FreeHeader & freeHead, size_t & size, size_t & alignment ) with( heapMaster, heapManager ) {
[19e5d65d]	778	header = HeaderAddr( addr );
[c4f68dc]	779
	780	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[31a5f418]	781	checkHeader( header < (Heap.Storage.Header *)heapBegin, name, addr ); // bad low address ?
[c4f68dc]	782	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[b6830d74]	783
[19e5d65d]	784	if ( likely( ! StickyBits( header ) ) ) { // no sticky bits ?
	785	freeHead = (Heap.FreeHeader *)(header->kind.real.home);
	786	alignment = libAlign();
	787	} else {
	788	fakeHeader( header, alignment );
[433905a]	789	if ( unlikely( MmappedBit( header ) ) ) { // mmapped ?
	790	verify( addr < heapBegin \|\| heapEnd < addr );
[19e5d65d]	791	size = ClearStickyBits( header->kind.real.blockSize ); // mmap size
	792	return true;
	793	} // if
	794
	795	freeHead = (Heap.FreeHeader *)(ClearStickyBits( header->kind.real.home ));
	796	} // if
	797	size = freeHead->blockSize;
	798
[c4f68dc]	799	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[31a5f418]	800	checkHeader( header < (Heap.Storage.Header )heapBegin \|\| (Heap.Storage.Header )heapEnd < header, name, addr ); // bad address ? (offset could be + or -)
[c4f68dc]	801
[116a2ea]	802	Heap * homeManager;
[433905a]	803	if ( unlikely( freeHead == 0p \|\| // freed and only free-list node => null link
	804	// freed and link points at another free block not to a bucket in the bucket array.
[116a2ea]	805	(homeManager = freeHead->homeManager, freeHead < &homeManager->freeLists[0] \|\|
	806	&homeManager->freeLists[NoBucketSizes] <= freeHead ) ) ) {
[433905a]	807	abort( "** Error ** attempt to %s storage %p with corrupted header.\n"
	808	"Possible cause is duplicate free on same block or overwriting of header information.",
	809	name, addr );
	810	} // if
[c4f68dc]	811	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[19e5d65d]	812
[bcb14b5]	813	return false;
[c4f68dc]	814	} // headers
	815
	816
[116a2ea]	817	static void * master_extend( size_t size ) with( heapMaster ) {
	818	lock( extLock );
[19e5d65d]	819
[b6830d74]	820	ptrdiff_t rem = heapRemaining - size;
[a7662b8]	821	if ( unlikely( rem < 0 ) ) { // negative ?
[c4f68dc]	822	// If the size requested is bigger than the current remaining storage, increase the size of the heap.
	823
[116a2ea]	824	size_t increase = ceiling2( size > heapExpand ? size : heapExpand, libAlign() );
	825	if ( unlikely( sbrk( increase ) == (void *)-1 ) ) { // failed, no memory ?
	826	unlock( extLock );
[0bdfcc3]	827	abort( NO_MEMORY_MSG, size ); // give up
[92aca37]	828	} // if
[7671c6d]	829
	830	// Make storage executable for thunks.
	831	if ( mprotect( (char *)heapEnd + heapRemaining, increase, __map_prot ) ) {
	832	unlock( extLock );
	833	abort( "** Error ** attempt to make heap storage executable for thunks and mprotect failed with errno %d.", errno );
	834	} // if
	835
[116a2ea]	836	rem = heapRemaining + increase - size;
[19e5d65d]	837
[bcb14b5]	838	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[c4f68dc]	839	sbrk_calls += 1;
	840	sbrk_storage += increase;
[bcb14b5]	841	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[b6830d74]	842	} // if
[c4f68dc]	843
[31a5f418]	844	Heap.Storage * block = (Heap.Storage *)heapEnd;
[b6830d74]	845	heapRemaining = rem;
	846	heapEnd = (char *)heapEnd + size;
[116a2ea]	847
	848	unlock( extLock );
	849	return block;
	850	} // master_extend
	851
	852
	853	__attribute__(( noinline ))
	854	static void * manager_extend( size_t size ) with( *heapManager ) {
	855	ptrdiff_t rem = heapReserve - size;
	856
[a7662b8]	857	if ( unlikely( rem < 0 ) ) { // negative ?
[116a2ea]	858	// If the size requested is bigger than the current remaining reserve, use the current reserve to populate
	859	// smaller freeLists, and increase the reserve.
	860
	861	rem = heapReserve; // positive
	862
[a7662b8]	863	if ( (unsigned int)rem >= bucketSizes[0] ) { // minimal size ? otherwise ignore
[116a2ea]	864	size_t bucket;
	865	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
	866	if ( likely( rem < LookupSizes ) ) bucket = lookup[rem];
	867	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
	868	bucket = Bsearchl( rem, bucketSizes, heapMaster.maxBucketsUsed );
	869	verify( 0 <= bucket && bucket <= heapMaster.maxBucketsUsed );
	870	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead = &(freeLists[bucket]);
	871
[a7662b8]	872	// The remaining storage may not be bucket size, whereas all other allocations are. Round down to previous
[116a2ea]	873	// bucket size in this case.
	874	if ( unlikely( freeHead->blockSize > (size_t)rem ) ) freeHead -= 1;
	875	Heap.Storage * block = (Heap.Storage *)heapBuffer;
	876
	877	block->header.kind.real.next = freeHead->freeList; // push on stack
	878	freeHead->freeList = block;
	879	} // if
	880
	881	size_t increase = ceiling( size > ( heapMaster.heapExpand / 10 ) ? size : ( heapMaster.heapExpand / 10 ), libAlign() );
	882	heapBuffer = master_extend( increase );
	883	rem = increase - size;
	884	} // if
	885
	886	Heap.Storage * block = (Heap.Storage *)heapBuffer;
	887	heapReserve = rem;
	888	heapBuffer = (char *)heapBuffer + size;
	889
[b6830d74]	890	return block;
[116a2ea]	891	} // manager_extend
	892
	893
	894	#define BOOT_HEAP_MANAGER \
	895	if ( unlikely( ! heapMasterBootFlag ) ) { \
	896	heapManagerCtor(); /* trigger for first heap */ \
	897	} /* if */
	898
	899	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	900	#define STAT_NAME __counter
	901	#define STAT_PARM , unsigned int STAT_NAME
	902	#define STAT_ARG( name ) , name
	903	#define STAT_0_CNT( counter ) stats.counters[counter].calls_0 += 1
	904	#else
	905	#define STAT_NAME
	906	#define STAT_PARM
	907	#define STAT_ARG( name )
	908	#define STAT_0_CNT( counter )
	909	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	910
[07b59ec]	911	// Uncomment to get allocation addresses for a 0-sized allocation rather than a null pointer.
	912	//#define __NONNULL_0_ALLOC__
	913	#if ! defined( __NONNULL_0_ALLOC__ )
	914	#define __NULL_0_ALLOC__ unlikely( size == 0 ) \|\| /* 0 BYTE ALLOCATION RETURNS NULL POINTER */
	915	#else
	916	#define __NULL_0_ALLOC__
	917	#endif // __NONNULL_0_ALLOC__
	918
[116a2ea]	919	#define PROLOG( counter, ... ) \
	920	BOOT_HEAP_MANAGER; \
[07b59ec]	921	if ( \
	922	__NULL_0_ALLOC__ \
[116a2ea]	923	unlikely( size > ULONG_MAX - sizeof(Heap.Storage) ) ) { /* error check */ \
	924	STAT_0_CNT( counter ); \
	925	__VA_ARGS__; \
	926	return 0p; \
	927	} /* if */
	928
[c4f68dc]	929
[116a2ea]	930	#define SCRUB_SIZE 1024lu
	931	// Do not use '\xfe' for scrubbing because dereferencing an address composed of it causes a SIGSEGV without a valid IP
	932	// pointer in the interrupt frame.
	933	#define SCRUB '\xff'
[c4f68dc]	934
[116a2ea]	935	static void * doMalloc( size_t size STAT_PARM ) libcfa_nopreempt with( *heapManager ) {
	936	PROLOG( STAT_NAME );
	937
	938	verify( heapManager );
	939	Heap.Storage * block; // pointer to new block of storage
[c4f68dc]	940
[b6830d74]	941	// Look up size in the size list. Make sure the user request includes space for the header that must be allocated
	942	// along with the block and is a multiple of the alignment size.
[31a5f418]	943	size_t tsize = size + sizeof(Heap.Storage);
[19e5d65d]	944
[116a2ea]	945	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	946	stats.counters[STAT_NAME].calls += 1;
	947	stats.counters[STAT_NAME].request += size;
	948	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	949
	950	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	951	allocUnfreed += size;
	952	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	953
	954	if ( likely( tsize < heapMaster.mmapStart ) ) { // small size => sbrk
	955	size_t bucket;
[e723100]	956	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
[116a2ea]	957	if ( likely( tsize < LookupSizes ) ) bucket = lookup[tsize];
[e723100]	958	else
	959	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
[116a2ea]	960	bucket = Bsearchl( tsize, bucketSizes, heapMaster.maxBucketsUsed );
	961	verify( 0 <= bucket && bucket <= heapMaster.maxBucketsUsed );
	962	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead = &freeLists[bucket];
	963
	964	verify( freeHead <= &freeLists[heapMaster.maxBucketsUsed] ); // subscripting error ?
	965	verify( tsize <= freeHead->blockSize ); // search failure ?
	966
	967	tsize = freeHead->blockSize; // total space needed for request
	968	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	969	stats.counters[STAT_NAME].alloc += tsize;
	970	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[c4f68dc]	971
[116a2ea]	972	block = freeHead->freeList; // remove node from stack
[95eb7cf]	973	if ( unlikely( block == 0p ) ) { // no free block ?
[8ee54963]	974	// Freelist for this size is empty, so check return list (OWNERSHIP), or carve it out of the heap if there
[7a2057a]	975	// is enough left, or get some more heap storage and carve it off.
[116a2ea]	976	#ifdef OWNERSHIP
[7a2057a]	977	if ( unlikely( freeHead->returnList ) ) { // race, get next time if lose race
	978	#ifdef RETURNSPIN
	979	lock( freeHead->returnLock );
	980	block = freeHead->returnList;
	981	freeHead->returnList = 0p;
	982	unlock( freeHead->returnLock );
	983	#else
	984	block = __atomic_exchange_n( &freeHead->returnList, 0p, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	985	#endif // RETURNSPIN
	986
	987	verify( block );
	988	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	989	stats.return_pulls += 1;
	990	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	991
	992	// OK TO BE PREEMPTED HERE AS heapManager IS NO LONGER ACCESSED.
[116a2ea]	993
[7a2057a]	994	freeHead->freeList = block->header.kind.real.next; // merge returnList into freeHead
	995	} else {
[116a2ea]	996	#endif // OWNERSHIP
	997	// Do not leave kernel thread as manager_extend accesses heapManager.
	998	disable_interrupts();
	999	block = (Heap.Storage *)manager_extend( tsize ); // mutual exclusion on call
	1000	enable_interrupts( false );
	1001
	1002	// OK TO BE PREEMPTED HERE AS heapManager IS NO LONGER ACCESSED.
	1003
	1004	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[7a2057a]	1005	// Scrub new memory so subsequent uninitialized usages might fail. Only scrub the first SCRUB_SIZE bytes.
[116a2ea]	1006	memset( block->data, SCRUB, min( SCRUB_SIZE, tsize - sizeof(Heap.Storage) ) );
	1007	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1008	#ifdef OWNERSHIP
	1009	} // if
	1010	#endif // OWNERSHIP
[c4f68dc]	1011	} else {
[116a2ea]	1012	// Memory is scrubbed in doFree.
	1013	freeHead->freeList = block->header.kind.real.next;
[c4f68dc]	1014	} // if
	1015
[116a2ea]	1016	block->header.kind.real.home = freeHead; // pointer back to free list of apropriate size
[bcb14b5]	1017	} else { // large size => mmap
[ad2dced]	1018	if ( unlikely( size > ULONG_MAX - __page_size ) ) return 0p;
	1019	tsize = ceiling2( tsize, __page_size ); // must be multiple of page size
[7a2057a]	1020
[c4f68dc]	1021	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1022	stats.counters[STAT_NAME].alloc += tsize;
	1023	stats.mmap_calls += 1;
	1024	stats.mmap_storage_request += size;
	1025	stats.mmap_storage_alloc += tsize;
[c4f68dc]	1026	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[92aca37]	1027
[116a2ea]	1028	disable_interrupts();
	1029	block = (Heap.Storage *)mmap( 0, tsize, __map_prot, MAP_PRIVATE \| MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0 );
	1030	enable_interrupts( false );
	1031
	1032	// OK TO BE PREEMPTED HERE AS heapManager IS NO LONGER ACCESSED.
	1033
	1034	if ( unlikely( block == (Heap.Storage *)MAP_FAILED ) ) { // failed ?
[92aca37]	1035	if ( errno == ENOMEM ) abort( NO_MEMORY_MSG, tsize ); // no memory
[c4f68dc]	1036	// Do not call strerror( errno ) as it may call malloc.
[7a2057a]	1037	abort( "** Error ** attempt to allocate large object (> %zu) of size %zu bytes and mmap failed with errno %d.",
	1038	size, heapMaster.mmapStart, errno );
[116a2ea]	1039	} // if
	1040	block->header.kind.real.blockSize = MarkMmappedBit( tsize ); // storage size for munmap
	1041
[bcb14b5]	1042	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[7a2057a]	1043	// Scrub new memory so subsequent uninitialized usages might fail. Only scrub the first SCRUB_SIZE bytes. The
	1044	// rest of the storage set to 0 by mmap.
[116a2ea]	1045	memset( block->data, SCRUB, min( SCRUB_SIZE, tsize - sizeof(Heap.Storage) ) );
[bcb14b5]	1046	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1047	} // if
[c4f68dc]	1048
[9c438546]	1049	block->header.kind.real.size = size; // store allocation size
[95eb7cf]	1050	void * addr = &(block->data); // adjust off header to user bytes
[c1f38e6c]	1051	verify( ((uintptr_t)addr & (libAlign() - 1)) == 0 ); // minimum alignment ?
[c4f68dc]	1052
	1053	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[bcb14b5]	1054	if ( traceHeap() ) {
[433905a]	1055	char helpText[64];
	1056	__cfaabi_bits_print_buffer( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, sizeof(helpText),
	1057	"%p = Malloc( %zu ) (allocated %zu)\n", addr, size, tsize ); // print debug/nodebug
[bcb14b5]	1058	} // if
[c4f68dc]	1059	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1060
[116a2ea]	1061	// poll_interrupts(); // call rollforward
	1062
[95eb7cf]	1063	return addr;
[c4f68dc]	1064	} // doMalloc
	1065
	1066
[116a2ea]	1067	static void doFree( void * addr ) libcfa_nopreempt with( *heapManager ) {
	1068	verify( addr );
	1069
	1070	// detect free after thread-local storage destruction and use global stats in that case
[c4f68dc]	1071
[31a5f418]	1072	Heap.Storage.Header * header;
[116a2ea]	1073	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead;
	1074	size_t size, alignment;
	1075
	1076	bool mapped = headers( "free", addr, header, freeHead, size, alignment );
	1077	#if defined( __STATISTICS__ ) \|\| defined( __CFA_DEBUG__ )
	1078	size_t rsize = header->kind.real.size; // optimization
	1079	#endif // __STATISTICS__ \|\| __CFA_DEBUG__
	1080
	1081	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	1082	stats.free_storage_request += rsize;
	1083	stats.free_storage_alloc += size;
	1084	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	1085
	1086	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1087	allocUnfreed -= rsize;
	1088	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[c4f68dc]	1089
[116a2ea]	1090	if ( unlikely( mapped ) ) { // mmapped ?
[c4f68dc]	1091	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1092	stats.munmap_calls += 1;
	1093	stats.munmap_storage_request += rsize;
	1094	stats.munmap_storage_alloc += size;
[c4f68dc]	1095	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1096
	1097	// OK TO BE PREEMPTED HERE AS heapManager IS NO LONGER ACCESSED.
	1098
	1099	// Does not matter where this storage is freed.
	1100	if ( unlikely( munmap( header, size ) == -1 ) ) {
	1101	// Do not call strerror( errno ) as it may call malloc.
[5951956]	1102	abort( "** Error ** attempt to deallocate large object %p and munmap failed with errno %d.\n"
[116a2ea]	1103	"Possible cause is invalid delete pointer: either not allocated or with corrupt header.",
	1104	addr, errno );
[c4f68dc]	1105	} // if
[bcb14b5]	1106	} else {
[c4f68dc]	1107	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[116a2ea]	1108	// memset is NOT always inlined!
	1109	disable_interrupts();
	1110	// Scrub old memory so subsequent usages might fail. Only scrub the first/last SCRUB_SIZE bytes.
	1111	char * data = ((Heap.Storage *)header)->data; // data address
	1112	size_t dsize = size - sizeof(Heap.Storage); // data size
	1113	if ( dsize <= SCRUB_SIZE * 2 ) {
	1114	memset( data, SCRUB, dsize ); // scrub all
	1115	} else {
	1116	memset( data, SCRUB, SCRUB_SIZE ); // scrub front
	1117	memset( data + dsize - SCRUB_SIZE, SCRUB, SCRUB_SIZE ); // scrub back
	1118	} // if
	1119	enable_interrupts( false );
[c4f68dc]	1120	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1121
[7a2057a]	1122	#ifdef OWNERSHIP
[116a2ea]	1123	if ( likely( heapManager == freeHead->homeManager ) ) { // belongs to this thread
	1124	header->kind.real.next = freeHead->freeList; // push on stack
	1125	freeHead->freeList = (Heap.Storage *)header;
	1126	} else { // return to thread owner
	1127	verify( heapManager );
	1128
	1129	#ifdef RETURNSPIN
	1130	lock( freeHead->returnLock );
	1131	header->kind.real.next = freeHead->returnList; // push to bucket return list
	1132	freeHead->returnList = (Heap.Storage *)header;
	1133	unlock( freeHead->returnLock );
	1134	#else // lock free
	1135	header->kind.real.next = freeHead->returnList; // link new node to top node
	1136	// CAS resets header->kind.real.next = freeHead->returnList on failure
[7a2057a]	1137	while ( ! __atomic_compare_exchange_n( &freeHead->returnList, &header->kind.real.next, (Heap.Storage *)header,
[116a2ea]	1138	false, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST ) );
[8ee54963]	1139
	1140	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	1141	stats.return_pushes += 1;
	1142	stats.return_storage_request += rsize;
	1143	stats.return_storage_alloc += size;
	1144	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1145	#endif // RETURNSPIN
[7a2057a]	1146	} // if
[116a2ea]	1147
[7a2057a]	1148	#else // no OWNERSHIP
[116a2ea]	1149
[7a2057a]	1150	// kind.real.home is address in owner thread's freeLists, so compute the equivalent position in this thread's freeList.
	1151	freeHead = &freeLists[ClearStickyBits( (Heap.FreeHeader *)(header->kind.real.home) ) - &freeHead->homeManager->freeLists[0]];
	1152	header->kind.real.next = freeHead->freeList; // push on stack
	1153	freeHead->freeList = (Heap.Storage *)header;
	1154	#endif // ! OWNERSHIP
[116a2ea]	1155
[7a2057a]	1156	// OK TO BE PREEMPTED HERE AS heapManager IS NO LONGER ACCESSED.
[bcb14b5]	1157	} // if
[c4f68dc]	1158
	1159	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[bcb14b5]	1160	if ( traceHeap() ) {
[92aca37]	1161	char helpText[64];
[433905a]	1162	__cfaabi_bits_print_buffer( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, sizeof(helpText),
	1163	"Free( %p ) size:%zu\n", addr, size ); // print debug/nodebug
[bcb14b5]	1164	} // if
[c4f68dc]	1165	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[116a2ea]	1166
	1167	// poll_interrupts(); // call rollforward
[c4f68dc]	1168	} // doFree
	1169
	1170
[116a2ea]	1171	size_t prtFree( Heap & manager ) with( manager ) {
[b6830d74]	1172	size_t total = 0;
[c4f68dc]	1173	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	1174	__cfaabi_bits_acquire();
	1175	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\nBin lists (bin size : free blocks on list)\n" );
[c4f68dc]	1176	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1177	for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < heapMaster.maxBucketsUsed; i += 1 ) {
[d46ed6e]	1178	size_t size = freeLists[i].blockSize;
	1179	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	1180	unsigned int N = 0;
	1181	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[b6830d74]	1182
[31a5f418]	1183	for ( Heap.Storage * p = freeLists[i].freeList; p != 0p; p = p->header.kind.real.next ) {
[d46ed6e]	1184	total += size;
	1185	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	1186	N += 1;
	1187	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[b6830d74]	1188	} // for
	1189
[d46ed6e]	1190	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	1191	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "%7zu, %-7u ", size, N );
	1192	if ( (i + 1) % 8 == 0 ) __cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\n" );
[d46ed6e]	1193	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	1194	} // for
	1195	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	1196	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\ntotal free blocks:%zu\n", total );
	1197	__cfaabi_bits_release();
[d46ed6e]	1198	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1199	return (char )heapMaster.heapEnd - (char )heapMaster.heapBegin - total;
[95eb7cf]	1200	} // prtFree
	1201
	1202
[116a2ea]	1203	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[8ee54963]	1204	static void incCalls( size_t statName ) libcfa_nopreempt {
[116a2ea]	1205	heapManager->stats.counters[statName].calls += 1;
	1206	} // incCalls
[d5d3a90]	1207
[8ee54963]	1208	static void incZeroCalls( size_t statName ) libcfa_nopreempt {
[116a2ea]	1209	heapManager->stats.counters[statName].calls_0 += 1;
	1210	} // incZeroCalls
	1211	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[c4f68dc]	1212
[116a2ea]	1213	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[5951956]	1214	static void incUnfreed( intptr_t offset ) libcfa_nopreempt {
[116a2ea]	1215	heapManager->allocUnfreed += offset;
	1216	} // incUnfreed
	1217	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[c4f68dc]	1218
[d5d3a90]	1219
[116a2ea]	1220	static void * memalignNoStats( size_t alignment, size_t size STAT_PARM ) {
[b6830d74]	1221	checkAlign( alignment ); // check alignment
[c4f68dc]	1222
[116a2ea]	1223	// if alignment <= default alignment or size == 0, do normal malloc as two headers are unnecessary
	1224	if ( unlikely( alignment <= libAlign() \|\| size == 0 ) ) return doMalloc( size STAT_ARG( STAT_NAME ) );
[b6830d74]	1225
	1226	// Allocate enough storage to guarantee an address on the alignment boundary, and sufficient space before it for
	1227	// administrative storage. NOTE, WHILE THERE ARE 2 HEADERS, THE FIRST ONE IS IMPLICITLY CREATED BY DOMALLOC.
	1228	// .-------------v-----------------v----------------v----------,
	1229	// \| Real Header \| ... padding ... \| Fake Header \| data ... \|
	1230	// `-------------^-----------------^-+--------------^----------'
	1231	// \|<--------------------------------' offset/align \|<-- alignment boundary
	1232
	1233	// subtract libAlign() because it is already the minimum alignment
	1234	// add sizeof(Storage) for fake header
[116a2ea]	1235	size_t offset = alignment - libAlign() + sizeof(Heap.Storage);
	1236	char * addr = (char *)doMalloc( size + offset STAT_ARG( STAT_NAME ) );
[b6830d74]	1237
	1238	// address in the block of the "next" alignment address
[31a5f418]	1239	char * user = (char *)ceiling2( (uintptr_t)(addr + sizeof(Heap.Storage)), alignment );
[b6830d74]	1240
	1241	// address of header from malloc
[116a2ea]	1242	Heap.Storage.Header * realHeader = HeaderAddr( addr );
	1243	realHeader->kind.real.size = size; // correct size to eliminate above alignment offset
	1244	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1245	incUnfreed( -offset ); // adjustment off the offset from call to doMalloc
	1246	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1247
	1248	// address of fake header before the alignment location
[19e5d65d]	1249	Heap.Storage.Header * fakeHeader = HeaderAddr( user );
[116a2ea]	1250
[b6830d74]	1251	// SKULLDUGGERY: insert the offset to the start of the actual storage block and remember alignment
[116a2ea]	1252	fakeHeader->kind.fake.offset = (char )fakeHeader - (char )realHeader;
[69ec0fb]	1253	// SKULLDUGGERY: odd alignment implies fake header
[19e5d65d]	1254	fakeHeader->kind.fake.alignment = MarkAlignmentBit( alignment );
[b6830d74]	1255
	1256	return user;
[bcb14b5]	1257	} // memalignNoStats
[c4f68dc]	1258
	1259
[19e5d65d]	1260	//####################### Memory Allocation Routines ####################
	1261
	1262
[c4f68dc]	1263	extern "C" {
[61248a4]	1264	// Allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The contents are undefined. If size is 0,
	1265	// then malloc() returns a unique pointer value that can later be successfully passed to free().
[032234bd]	1266	void * malloc( size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[116a2ea]	1267	return doMalloc( size STAT_ARG( MALLOC ) );
[bcb14b5]	1268	} // malloc
[c4f68dc]	1269
[76e2113]	1270
[61248a4]	1271	// Same as malloc() except size bytes is an array of dim elements each of elemSize bytes.
[032234bd]	1272	void * aalloc( size_t dim, size_t elemSize ) libcfa_public {
[116a2ea]	1273	return doMalloc( dim * elemSize STAT_ARG( AALLOC ) );
[76e2113]	1274	} // aalloc
	1275
	1276
[61248a4]	1277	// Same as aalloc() with memory set to zero.
[032234bd]	1278	void * calloc( size_t dim, size_t elemSize ) libcfa_public {
[709b812]	1279	size_t size = dim * elemSize;
[116a2ea]	1280	char * addr = (char *)doMalloc( size STAT_ARG( CALLOC ) );
[c4f68dc]	1281
[116a2ea]	1282	if ( unlikely( addr == NULL ) ) return NULL; // stop further processing if 0p is returned
[709b812]	1283
[31a5f418]	1284	Heap.Storage.Header * header;
[116a2ea]	1285	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead;
[709b812]	1286	size_t bsize, alignment;
	1287
	1288	#ifndef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1289	bool mapped =
	1290	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[116a2ea]	1291	headers( "calloc", addr, header, freeHead, bsize, alignment );
[709b812]	1292
	1293	#ifndef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1294	// Mapped storage is zero filled, but in debug mode mapped memory is scrubbed in doMalloc, so it has to be reset to zero.
[116a2ea]	1295	if ( likely( ! mapped ) )
[709b812]	1296	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1297	// <-------0000000000000000000000000000UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU> bsize (bucket size) U => undefined
	1298	// `-header`-addr `-size
	1299	memset( addr, '\0', size ); // set to zeros
	1300
[19e5d65d]	1301	MarkZeroFilledBit( header ); // mark as zero fill
[709b812]	1302	return addr;
[bcb14b5]	1303	} // calloc
[c4f68dc]	1304
[92aca37]	1305
[61248a4]	1306	// Change the size of the memory block pointed to by oaddr to size bytes. The contents are undefined. If oaddr is
	1307	// 0p, then the call is equivalent to malloc(size), for all values of size; if size is equal to zero, and oaddr is
	1308	// not 0p, then the call is equivalent to free(oaddr). Unless oaddr is 0p, it must have been returned by an earlier
	1309	// call to malloc(), alloc(), calloc() or realloc(). If the area pointed to was moved, a free(oaddr) is done.
[032234bd]	1310	void * resize( void * oaddr, size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[116a2ea]	1311	if ( unlikely( oaddr == 0p ) ) { // => malloc( size )
	1312	return doMalloc( size STAT_ARG( RESIZE ) );
[709b812]	1313	} // if
[cfbc703d]	1314
[116a2ea]	1315	PROLOG( RESIZE, doFree( oaddr ) ); // => free( oaddr )
[cfbc703d]	1316
[31a5f418]	1317	Heap.Storage.Header * header;
[116a2ea]	1318	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead;
[92aca37]	1319	size_t bsize, oalign;
[116a2ea]	1320	headers( "resize", oaddr, header, freeHead, bsize, oalign );
[92847f7]	1321
[19e5d65d]	1322	size_t odsize = DataStorage( bsize, oaddr, header ); // data storage available in bucket
[cfbc703d]	1323	// same size, DO NOT preserve STICKY PROPERTIES.
[92847f7]	1324	if ( oalign == libAlign() && size <= odsize && odsize <= size * 2 ) { // allow 50% wasted storage for smaller size
[19e5d65d]	1325	ClearZeroFillBit( header ); // no alignment and turn off 0 fill
[116a2ea]	1326	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1327	incUnfreed( size - header->kind.real.size ); // adjustment off the size difference
	1328	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[d5d3a90]	1329	header->kind.real.size = size; // reset allocation size
[116a2ea]	1330	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	1331	incCalls( RESIZE );
	1332	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[cfbc703d]	1333	return oaddr;
	1334	} // if
[0f89d4f]	1335
[cfbc703d]	1336	// change size, DO NOT preserve STICKY PROPERTIES.
[116a2ea]	1337	doFree( oaddr ); // free previous storage
	1338
	1339	return doMalloc( size STAT_ARG( RESIZE ) ); // create new area
[cfbc703d]	1340	} // resize
	1341
	1342
[61248a4]	1343	// Same as resize() but the contents are unchanged in the range from the start of the region up to the minimum of
[cfbc703d]	1344	// the old and new sizes.
[032234bd]	1345	void * realloc( void * oaddr, size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[116a2ea]	1346	if ( unlikely( oaddr == 0p ) ) { // => malloc( size )
	1347	return doMalloc( size STAT_ARG( REALLOC ) );
[709b812]	1348	} // if
[c4f68dc]	1349
[116a2ea]	1350	PROLOG( REALLOC, doFree( oaddr ) ); // => free( oaddr )
[c4f68dc]	1351
[31a5f418]	1352	Heap.Storage.Header * header;
[116a2ea]	1353	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead;
[92aca37]	1354	size_t bsize, oalign;
[116a2ea]	1355	headers( "realloc", oaddr, header, freeHead, bsize, oalign );
[95eb7cf]	1356
[19e5d65d]	1357	size_t odsize = DataStorage( bsize, oaddr, header ); // data storage available in bucket
[d5d3a90]	1358	size_t osize = header->kind.real.size; // old allocation size
[19e5d65d]	1359	bool ozfill = ZeroFillBit( header ); // old allocation zero filled
[92847f7]	1360	if ( unlikely( size <= odsize ) && odsize <= size * 2 ) { // allow up to 50% wasted storage
[116a2ea]	1361	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1362	incUnfreed( size - header->kind.real.size ); // adjustment off the size difference
	1363	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1364	header->kind.real.size = size; // reset allocation size
[d5d3a90]	1365	if ( unlikely( ozfill ) && size > osize ) { // previous request zero fill and larger ?
[e4b6b7d3]	1366	memset( (char *)oaddr + osize, '\0', size - osize ); // initialize added storage
[d5d3a90]	1367	} // if
[116a2ea]	1368	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	1369	incCalls( REALLOC );
	1370	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	1371	return oaddr;
[c4f68dc]	1372	} // if
	1373
[95eb7cf]	1374	// change size and copy old content to new storage
	1375
	1376	void * naddr;
[116a2ea]	1377	if ( likely( oalign <= libAlign() ) ) { // previous request not aligned ?
	1378	naddr = doMalloc( size STAT_ARG( REALLOC ) ); // create new area
[c4f68dc]	1379	} else {
[116a2ea]	1380	naddr = memalignNoStats( oalign, size STAT_ARG( REALLOC ) ); // create new aligned area
[c4f68dc]	1381	} // if
[1e034d9]	1382
[116a2ea]	1383	headers( "realloc", naddr, header, freeHead, bsize, oalign );
	1384	// To preserve prior fill, the entire bucket must be copied versus the size.
[47dd0d2]	1385	memcpy( naddr, oaddr, min( osize, size ) ); // copy bytes
[116a2ea]	1386	doFree( oaddr ); // free previous storage
[d5d3a90]	1387
	1388	if ( unlikely( ozfill ) ) { // previous request zero fill ?
[19e5d65d]	1389	MarkZeroFilledBit( header ); // mark new request as zero filled
[d5d3a90]	1390	if ( size > osize ) { // previous request larger ?
[e4b6b7d3]	1391	memset( (char *)naddr + osize, '\0', size - osize ); // initialize added storage
[d5d3a90]	1392	} // if
	1393	} // if
[95eb7cf]	1394	return naddr;
[b6830d74]	1395	} // realloc
[c4f68dc]	1396
[c1f38e6c]	1397
[19e5d65d]	1398	// Same as realloc() except the new allocation size is large enough for an array of nelem elements of size elsize.
[032234bd]	1399	void * reallocarray( void * oaddr, size_t dim, size_t elemSize ) libcfa_public {
[19e5d65d]	1400	return realloc( oaddr, dim * elemSize );
	1401	} // reallocarray
	1402
	1403
[61248a4]	1404	// Same as malloc() except the memory address is a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two. (obsolete)
[032234bd]	1405	void * memalign( size_t alignment, size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[116a2ea]	1406	return memalignNoStats( alignment, size STAT_ARG( MEMALIGN ) );
[bcb14b5]	1407	} // memalign
[c4f68dc]	1408
[95eb7cf]	1409
[76e2113]	1410	// Same as aalloc() with memory alignment.
[032234bd]	1411	void * amemalign( size_t alignment, size_t dim, size_t elemSize ) libcfa_public {
[116a2ea]	1412	return memalignNoStats( alignment, dim * elemSize STAT_ARG( AMEMALIGN ) );
[76e2113]	1413	} // amemalign
	1414
	1415
[ca7949b]	1416	// Same as calloc() with memory alignment.
[032234bd]	1417	void * cmemalign( size_t alignment, size_t dim, size_t elemSize ) libcfa_public {
[709b812]	1418	size_t size = dim * elemSize;
[116a2ea]	1419	char * addr = (char *)memalignNoStats( alignment, size STAT_ARG( CMEMALIGN ) );
[95eb7cf]	1420
[116a2ea]	1421	if ( unlikely( addr == NULL ) ) return NULL; // stop further processing if 0p is returned
[709b812]	1422
[31a5f418]	1423	Heap.Storage.Header * header;
[116a2ea]	1424	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead;
[709b812]	1425	size_t bsize;
	1426
	1427	#ifndef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1428	bool mapped =
	1429	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[116a2ea]	1430	headers( "cmemalign", addr, header, freeHead, bsize, alignment );
[709b812]	1431
	1432	// Mapped storage is zero filled, but in debug mode mapped memory is scrubbed in doMalloc, so it has to be reset to zero.
	1433	#ifndef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1434	if ( ! mapped )
	1435	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1436	// <-------0000000000000000000000000000UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU> bsize (bucket size) U => undefined
	1437	// `-header`-addr `-size
	1438	memset( addr, '\0', size ); // set to zeros
	1439
[19e5d65d]	1440	MarkZeroFilledBit( header ); // mark as zero filled
[709b812]	1441	return addr;
[95eb7cf]	1442	} // cmemalign
	1443
[13fece5]	1444
[ca7949b]	1445	// Same as memalign(), but ISO/IEC 2011 C11 Section 7.22.2 states: the value of size shall be an integral multiple
[19e5d65d]	1446	// of alignment. This requirement is universally ignored.
[032234bd]	1447	void * aligned_alloc( size_t alignment, size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[c4f68dc]	1448	return memalign( alignment, size );
[b6830d74]	1449	} // aligned_alloc
[c4f68dc]	1450
	1451
[ca7949b]	1452	// Allocates size bytes and places the address of the allocated memory in *memptr. The address of the allocated
	1453	// memory shall be a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two and a multiple of sizeof(void *). If size
	1454	// is 0, then posix_memalign() returns either 0p, or a unique pointer value that can later be successfully passed to
	1455	// free(3).
[032234bd]	1456	int posix_memalign( void ** memptr, size_t alignment, size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[69ec0fb]	1457	if ( unlikely( alignment < libAlign() \|\| ! is_pow2( alignment ) ) ) return EINVAL; // check alignment
[19e5d65d]	1458	*memptr = memalign( alignment, size );
[c4f68dc]	1459	return 0;
[b6830d74]	1460	} // posix_memalign
[c4f68dc]	1461
[13fece5]	1462
[ca7949b]	1463	// Allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory address shall be a multiple of the
	1464	// page size. It is equivalent to memalign(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE),size).
[032234bd]	1465	void * valloc( size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[ad2dced]	1466	return memalign( __page_size, size );
[b6830d74]	1467	} // valloc
[c4f68dc]	1468
	1469
[ca7949b]	1470	// Same as valloc but rounds size to multiple of page size.
[032234bd]	1471	void * pvalloc( size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[19e5d65d]	1472	return memalign( __page_size, ceiling2( size, __page_size ) ); // round size to multiple of page size
[ca7949b]	1473	} // pvalloc
	1474
	1475
	1476	// Frees the memory space pointed to by ptr, which must have been returned by a previous call to malloc(), calloc()
[1076d05]	1477	// or realloc(). Otherwise, or if free(ptr) has already been called before, undefined behaviour occurs. If ptr is
[ca7949b]	1478	// 0p, no operation is performed.
[032234bd]	1479	void free( void * addr ) libcfa_public {
[95eb7cf]	1480	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) { // special case
[709b812]	1481	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1482	if ( heapManager )
	1483	incZeroCalls( FREE );
[709b812]	1484	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[c4f68dc]	1485	return;
[116a2ea]	1486	} // if
	1487
	1488	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	1489	incCalls( FREE );
	1490	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[c4f68dc]	1491
[116a2ea]	1492	doFree( addr ); // handles heapManager == nullptr
[b6830d74]	1493	} // free
[93c2e0a]	1494
[c4f68dc]	1495
[76e2113]	1496	// Returns the alignment of an allocation.
[032234bd]	1497	size_t malloc_alignment( void * addr ) libcfa_public {
[95eb7cf]	1498	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return libAlign(); // minimum alignment
[19e5d65d]	1499	Heap.Storage.Header * header = HeaderAddr( addr );
	1500	if ( unlikely( AlignmentBit( header ) ) ) { // fake header ?
	1501	return ClearAlignmentBit( header ); // clear flag from value
[c4f68dc]	1502	} else {
[cfbc703d]	1503	return libAlign(); // minimum alignment
[c4f68dc]	1504	} // if
[bcb14b5]	1505	} // malloc_alignment
[c4f68dc]	1506
[92aca37]	1507
[76e2113]	1508	// Returns true if the allocation is zero filled, e.g., allocated by calloc().
[032234bd]	1509	bool malloc_zero_fill( void * addr ) libcfa_public {
[95eb7cf]	1510	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return false; // null allocation is not zero fill
[19e5d65d]	1511	Heap.Storage.Header * header = HeaderAddr( addr );
	1512	if ( unlikely( AlignmentBit( header ) ) ) { // fake header ?
	1513	header = RealHeader( header ); // backup from fake to real header
[c4f68dc]	1514	} // if
[19e5d65d]	1515	return ZeroFillBit( header ); // zero filled ?
[bcb14b5]	1516	} // malloc_zero_fill
[c4f68dc]	1517
[19e5d65d]	1518
	1519	// Returns original total allocation size (not bucket size) => array size is dimension * sizeof(T).
[032234bd]	1520	size_t malloc_size( void * addr ) libcfa_public {
[849fb370]	1521	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return 0; // null allocation has zero size
[19e5d65d]	1522	Heap.Storage.Header * header = HeaderAddr( addr );
	1523	if ( unlikely( AlignmentBit( header ) ) ) { // fake header ?
	1524	header = RealHeader( header ); // backup from fake to real header
[cfbc703d]	1525	} // if
[9c438546]	1526	return header->kind.real.size;
[76e2113]	1527	} // malloc_size
	1528
[cfbc703d]	1529
[ca7949b]	1530	// Returns the number of usable bytes in the block pointed to by ptr, a pointer to a block of memory allocated by
	1531	// malloc or a related function.
[032234bd]	1532	size_t malloc_usable_size( void * addr ) libcfa_public {
[95eb7cf]	1533	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return 0; // null allocation has 0 size
[31a5f418]	1534	Heap.Storage.Header * header;
[116a2ea]	1535	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead;
[95eb7cf]	1536	size_t bsize, alignment;
	1537
[116a2ea]	1538	headers( "malloc_usable_size", addr, header, freeHead, bsize, alignment );
[19e5d65d]	1539	return DataStorage( bsize, addr, header ); // data storage in bucket
[95eb7cf]	1540	} // malloc_usable_size
	1541
	1542
[ca7949b]	1543	// Prints (on default standard error) statistics about memory allocated by malloc and related functions.
[032234bd]	1544	void malloc_stats( void ) libcfa_public {
[c4f68dc]	1545	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1546	HeapStatistics stats;
	1547	HeapStatisticsCtor( stats );
	1548	if ( printStats( collectStats( stats ) ) == -1 ) {
	1549	#else
	1550	#define MALLOC_STATS_MSG "malloc_stats statistics disabled.\n"
	1551	if ( write( STDERR_FILENO, MALLOC_STATS_MSG, sizeof( MALLOC_STATS_MSG ) - 1 /* size includes '\0' */ ) == -1 ) {
[c4f68dc]	1552	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[5951956]	1553	abort( "** Error ** write failed in malloc_stats" );
[116a2ea]	1554	} // if
[bcb14b5]	1555	} // malloc_stats
[c4f68dc]	1556
[92aca37]	1557
[19e5d65d]	1558	// Changes the file descriptor where malloc_stats() writes statistics.
[032234bd]	1559	int malloc_stats_fd( int fd __attribute__(( unused )) ) libcfa_public {
[c4f68dc]	1560	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1561	int temp = heapMaster.stats_fd;
	1562	heapMaster.stats_fd = fd;
[bcb14b5]	1563	return temp;
[c4f68dc]	1564	#else
[19e5d65d]	1565	return -1; // unsupported
[c4f68dc]	1566	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	1567	} // malloc_stats_fd
[c4f68dc]	1568
[95eb7cf]	1569
[19e5d65d]	1570	// Prints an XML string that describes the current state of the memory-allocation implementation in the caller.
	1571	// The string is printed on the file stream stream. The exported string includes information about all arenas (see
	1572	// malloc).
[032234bd]	1573	int malloc_info( int options, FILE * stream __attribute__(( unused )) ) libcfa_public {
[19e5d65d]	1574	if ( options != 0 ) { errno = EINVAL; return -1; }
	1575	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[116a2ea]	1576	HeapStatistics stats;
	1577	HeapStatisticsCtor( stats );
	1578	return printStatsXML( collectStats( stats ), stream ); // returns bytes written or -1
[19e5d65d]	1579	#else
	1580	return 0; // unsupported
	1581	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	1582	} // malloc_info
	1583
	1584
[1076d05]	1585	// Adjusts parameters that control the behaviour of the memory-allocation functions (see malloc). The param argument
[ca7949b]	1586	// specifies the parameter to be modified, and value specifies the new value for that parameter.
[032234bd]	1587	int mallopt( int option, int value ) libcfa_public {
[19e5d65d]	1588	if ( value < 0 ) return 0;
[95eb7cf]	1589	choose( option ) {
	1590	case M_TOP_PAD:
[116a2ea]	1591	heapMaster.heapExpand = ceiling2( value, __page_size );
[19e5d65d]	1592	return 1;
[95eb7cf]	1593	case M_MMAP_THRESHOLD:
	1594	if ( setMmapStart( value ) ) return 1;
[19e5d65d]	1595	} // choose
[95eb7cf]	1596	return 0; // error, unsupported
	1597	} // mallopt
	1598
[c1f38e6c]	1599
[ca7949b]	1600	// Attempt to release free memory at the top of the heap (by calling sbrk with a suitable argument).
[032234bd]	1601	int malloc_trim( size_t ) libcfa_public {
[95eb7cf]	1602	return 0; // => impossible to release memory
	1603	} // malloc_trim
	1604
	1605
[ca7949b]	1606	// Records the current state of all malloc internal bookkeeping variables (but not the actual contents of the heap
	1607	// or the state of malloc_hook functions pointers). The state is recorded in a system-dependent opaque data
	1608	// structure dynamically allocated via malloc, and a pointer to that data structure is returned as the function
	1609	// result. (The caller must free this memory.)
[032234bd]	1610	void * malloc_get_state( void ) libcfa_public {
[95eb7cf]	1611	return 0p; // unsupported
[c4f68dc]	1612	} // malloc_get_state
	1613
[bcb14b5]	1614
[ca7949b]	1615	// Restores the state of all malloc internal bookkeeping variables to the values recorded in the opaque data
	1616	// structure pointed to by state.
[032234bd]	1617	int malloc_set_state( void * ) libcfa_public {
[bcb14b5]	1618	return 0; // unsupported
[c4f68dc]	1619	} // malloc_set_state
[31a5f418]	1620
[19e5d65d]	1621
[31a5f418]	1622	// Sets the amount (bytes) to extend the heap when there is insufficent free storage to service an allocation.
[032234bd]	1623	__attribute__((weak)) size_t malloc_expansion() libcfa_public { return __CFA_DEFAULT_HEAP_EXPANSION__; }
[31a5f418]	1624
	1625	// Sets the crossover point between allocations occuring in the sbrk area or separately mmapped.
[032234bd]	1626	__attribute__((weak)) size_t malloc_mmap_start() libcfa_public { return __CFA_DEFAULT_MMAP_START__; }
[31a5f418]	1627
	1628	// Amount subtracted to adjust for unfreed program storage (debug only).
[032234bd]	1629	__attribute__((weak)) size_t malloc_unfreed() libcfa_public { return __CFA_DEFAULT_HEAP_UNFREED__; }
[c4f68dc]	1630	} // extern "C"
	1631
	1632
[95eb7cf]	1633	// Must have CFA linkage to overload with C linkage realloc.
[032234bd]	1634	void * resize( void * oaddr, size_t nalign, size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[116a2ea]	1635	if ( unlikely( oaddr == 0p ) ) { // => malloc( size )
	1636	return memalignNoStats( nalign, size STAT_ARG( RESIZE ) );
[709b812]	1637	} // if
[95eb7cf]	1638
[116a2ea]	1639	PROLOG( RESIZE, doFree( oaddr ) ); // => free( oaddr )
[cfbc703d]	1640
[92847f7]	1641	// Attempt to reuse existing alignment.
[19e5d65d]	1642	Heap.Storage.Header * header = HeaderAddr( oaddr );
	1643	bool isFakeHeader = AlignmentBit( header ); // old fake header ?
[92847f7]	1644	size_t oalign;
[19e5d65d]	1645
	1646	if ( unlikely( isFakeHeader ) ) {
[116a2ea]	1647	checkAlign( nalign ); // check alignment
[19e5d65d]	1648	oalign = ClearAlignmentBit( header ); // old alignment
	1649	if ( unlikely( (uintptr_t)oaddr % nalign == 0 // lucky match ?
[92847f7]	1650	&& ( oalign <= nalign // going down
	1651	\|\| (oalign >= nalign && oalign <= 256) ) // little alignment storage wasted ?
[19e5d65d]	1652	) ) {
	1653	HeaderAddr( oaddr )->kind.fake.alignment = MarkAlignmentBit( nalign ); // update alignment (could be the same)
[116a2ea]	1654	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead;
[92847f7]	1655	size_t bsize, oalign;
[116a2ea]	1656	headers( "resize", oaddr, header, freeHead, bsize, oalign );
[19e5d65d]	1657	size_t odsize = DataStorage( bsize, oaddr, header ); // data storage available in bucket
[a3ade94]	1658
[92847f7]	1659	if ( size <= odsize && odsize <= size * 2 ) { // allow 50% wasted data storage
[19e5d65d]	1660	HeaderAddr( oaddr )->kind.fake.alignment = MarkAlignmentBit( nalign ); // update alignment (could be the same)
	1661	ClearZeroFillBit( header ); // turn off 0 fill
[116a2ea]	1662	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	1663	incUnfreed( size - header->kind.real.size ); // adjustment off the size difference
	1664	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[92847f7]	1665	header->kind.real.size = size; // reset allocation size
[116a2ea]	1666	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	1667	incCalls( RESIZE );
	1668	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[92847f7]	1669	return oaddr;
	1670	} // if
[cfbc703d]	1671	} // if
[92847f7]	1672	} else if ( ! isFakeHeader // old real header (aligned on libAlign) ?
	1673	&& nalign == libAlign() ) { // new alignment also on libAlign => no fake header needed
[113d785]	1674	return resize( oaddr, size ); // duplicate special case checks
[cfbc703d]	1675	} // if
	1676
[dd23e66]	1677	// change size, DO NOT preserve STICKY PROPERTIES.
[116a2ea]	1678	doFree( oaddr ); // free previous storage
	1679	return memalignNoStats( nalign, size STAT_ARG( RESIZE ) ); // create new aligned area
[cfbc703d]	1680	} // resize
	1681
	1682
[032234bd]	1683	void * realloc( void * oaddr, size_t nalign, size_t size ) libcfa_public {
[116a2ea]	1684	if ( unlikely( oaddr == 0p ) ) { // => malloc( size )
	1685	return memalignNoStats( nalign, size STAT_ARG( REALLOC ) );
[709b812]	1686	} // if
	1687
[116a2ea]	1688	PROLOG( REALLOC, doFree( oaddr ) ); // => free( oaddr )
[c86f587]	1689
[92847f7]	1690	// Attempt to reuse existing alignment.
[19e5d65d]	1691	Heap.Storage.Header * header = HeaderAddr( oaddr );
	1692	bool isFakeHeader = AlignmentBit( header ); // old fake header ?
[92847f7]	1693	size_t oalign;
[19e5d65d]	1694	if ( unlikely( isFakeHeader ) ) {
[116a2ea]	1695	checkAlign( nalign ); // check alignment
[19e5d65d]	1696	oalign = ClearAlignmentBit( header ); // old alignment
	1697	if ( unlikely( (uintptr_t)oaddr % nalign == 0 // lucky match ?
[92847f7]	1698	&& ( oalign <= nalign // going down
	1699	\|\| (oalign >= nalign && oalign <= 256) ) // little alignment storage wasted ?
[19e5d65d]	1700	) ) {
	1701	HeaderAddr( oaddr )->kind.fake.alignment = MarkAlignmentBit( nalign ); // update alignment (could be the same)
	1702	return realloc( oaddr, size ); // duplicate special case checks
[92847f7]	1703	} // if
	1704	} else if ( ! isFakeHeader // old real header (aligned on libAlign) ?
[19e5d65d]	1705	&& nalign == libAlign() ) { // new alignment also on libAlign => no fake header needed
	1706	return realloc( oaddr, size ); // duplicate special case checks
	1707	} // if
[cfbc703d]	1708
[116a2ea]	1709	Heap.FreeHeader * freeHead;
[92847f7]	1710	size_t bsize;
[116a2ea]	1711	headers( "realloc", oaddr, header, freeHead, bsize, oalign );
[92847f7]	1712
	1713	// change size and copy old content to new storage
	1714
[dd23e66]	1715	size_t osize = header->kind.real.size; // old allocation size
[19e5d65d]	1716	bool ozfill = ZeroFillBit( header ); // old allocation zero filled
[dd23e66]	1717
[116a2ea]	1718	void * naddr = memalignNoStats( nalign, size STAT_ARG( REALLOC ) ); // create new aligned area
[95eb7cf]	1719
[116a2ea]	1720	headers( "realloc", naddr, header, freeHead, bsize, oalign );
[47dd0d2]	1721	memcpy( naddr, oaddr, min( osize, size ) ); // copy bytes
[116a2ea]	1722	doFree( oaddr ); // free previous storage
[d5d3a90]	1723
	1724	if ( unlikely( ozfill ) ) { // previous request zero fill ?
[19e5d65d]	1725	MarkZeroFilledBit( header ); // mark new request as zero filled
[d5d3a90]	1726	if ( size > osize ) { // previous request larger ?
[e4b6b7d3]	1727	memset( (char *)naddr + osize, '\0', size - osize ); // initialize added storage
[d5d3a90]	1728	} // if
	1729	} // if
[1e034d9]	1730	return naddr;
[95eb7cf]	1731	} // realloc
	1732
	1733
[116a2ea]	1734	void * reallocarray( void * oaddr, size_t nalign, size_t dim, size_t elemSize ) __THROW {
	1735	return realloc( oaddr, nalign, dim * elemSize );
	1736	} // reallocarray
	1737
	1738
[c4f68dc]	1739	// Local Variables: //
	1740	// tab-width: 4 //
[f8cd310]	1741	// compile-command: "cfa -nodebug -O2 heap.cfa" //
[c4f68dc]	1742	// End: //

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