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Last change on this file since 2a35f14 was ca7949b, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 6 years ago
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[73abe95]	1	//
[c4f68dc]	2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2017 University of Waterloo
	3	//
	4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
	5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
[73abe95]	6	//
	7	// heap.c --
	8	//
[c4f68dc]	9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
	10	// Created On : Tue Dec 19 21:58:35 2017
	11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
[ca7949b]	12	// Last Modified On : Fri Mar 6 10:14:52 2020
	13	// Update Count : 650
[73abe95]	14	//
[c4f68dc]	15
	16	#include <unistd.h> // sbrk, sysconf
	17	#include <stdbool.h> // true, false
	18	#include <stdio.h> // snprintf, fileno
	19	#include <errno.h> // errno
[1e034d9]	20	#include <string.h> // memset, memcpy
[c4f68dc]	21	extern "C" {
	22	#include <sys/mman.h> // mmap, munmap
	23	} // extern "C"
	24
[b6830d74]	25	// #comment TD : Many of these should be merged into math I believe
[bcb14b5]	26	#include "bits/align.hfa" // libPow2
	27	#include "bits/defs.hfa" // likely, unlikely
	28	#include "bits/locks.hfa" // __spinlock_t
[73abe95]	29	#include "startup.hfa" // STARTUP_PRIORITY_MEMORY
[1e034d9]	30	//#include "stdlib.hfa" // bsearchl
[c4f68dc]	31	#include "malloc.h"
	32
[95eb7cf]	33	#define MIN(x, y) (y > x ? x : y)
[c4f68dc]	34
[93c2e0a]	35	static bool traceHeap = false;
[d46ed6e]	36
[baf608a]	37	inline bool traceHeap() { return traceHeap; }
[d46ed6e]	38
[93c2e0a]	39	bool traceHeapOn() {
	40	bool temp = traceHeap;
[d46ed6e]	41	traceHeap = true;
	42	return temp;
	43	} // traceHeapOn
	44
[93c2e0a]	45	bool traceHeapOff() {
	46	bool temp = traceHeap;
[d46ed6e]	47	traceHeap = false;
	48	return temp;
	49	} // traceHeapOff
	50
[baf608a]	51	bool traceHeapTerm() { return false; }
	52
[d46ed6e]	53
[95eb7cf]	54	static bool prtFree = false;
[d46ed6e]	55
[95eb7cf]	56	inline bool prtFree() {
	57	return prtFree;
	58	} // prtFree
[5d4fa18]	59
[95eb7cf]	60	bool prtFreeOn() {
	61	bool temp = prtFree;
	62	prtFree = true;
[5d4fa18]	63	return temp;
[95eb7cf]	64	} // prtFreeOn
[5d4fa18]	65
[95eb7cf]	66	bool prtFreeOff() {
	67	bool temp = prtFree;
	68	prtFree = false;
[5d4fa18]	69	return temp;
[95eb7cf]	70	} // prtFreeOff
[5d4fa18]	71
	72
[e723100]	73	enum {
[1e034d9]	74	// Define the default extension heap amount in units of bytes. When the uC++ supplied heap reaches the brk address,
	75	// the brk address is extended by the extension amount.
[e723100]	76	__CFA_DEFAULT_HEAP_EXPANSION__ = (1 * 1024 * 1024),
[1e034d9]	77
	78	// Define the mmap crossover point during allocation. Allocations less than this amount are allocated from buckets;
	79	// values greater than or equal to this value are mmap from the operating system.
	80	__CFA_DEFAULT_MMAP_START__ = (512 * 1024 + 1),
[e723100]	81	};
	82
	83	size_t default_mmap_start() __attribute__(( weak )) {
	84	return __CFA_DEFAULT_MMAP_START__;
	85	} // default_mmap_start
	86
	87	size_t default_heap_expansion() __attribute__(( weak )) {
	88	return __CFA_DEFAULT_HEAP_EXPANSION__;
	89	} // default_heap_expansion
	90
	91
[f0b3f51]	92	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[93c2e0a]	93	static unsigned int allocFree; // running total of allocations minus frees
[d46ed6e]	94
[95eb7cf]	95	static void prtUnfreed() {
[b6830d74]	96	if ( allocFree != 0 ) {
[d46ed6e]	97	// DO NOT USE STREAMS AS THEY MAY BE UNAVAILABLE AT THIS POINT.
[4ea1c6d]	98	char helpText[512];
	99	int len = snprintf( helpText, sizeof(helpText), "CFA warning (UNIX pid:%ld) : program terminating with %u(0x%x) bytes of storage allocated but not freed.\n"
	100	"Possible cause is unfreed storage allocated by the program or system/library routines called from the program.\n",
	101	(long int)getpid(), allocFree, allocFree ); // always print the UNIX pid
	102	__cfaabi_bits_write( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, len ); // print debug/nodebug
[b6830d74]	103	} // if
[95eb7cf]	104	} // prtUnfreed
[d46ed6e]	105
	106	extern "C" {
[bcb14b5]	107	void heapAppStart() { // called by __cfaabi_appready_startup
	108	allocFree = 0;
	109	} // heapAppStart
	110
	111	void heapAppStop() { // called by __cfaabi_appready_startdown
	112	fclose( stdin ); fclose( stdout );
[95eb7cf]	113	prtUnfreed();
[bcb14b5]	114	} // heapAppStop
[d46ed6e]	115	} // extern "C"
	116	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	117
[1e034d9]	118
[e723100]	119	// statically allocated variables => zero filled.
	120	static size_t pageSize; // architecture pagesize
	121	static size_t heapExpand; // sbrk advance
	122	static size_t mmapStart; // cross over point for mmap
	123	static unsigned int maxBucketsUsed; // maximum number of buckets in use
	124
	125
	126	#define SPINLOCK 0
	127	#define LOCKFREE 1
	128	#define BUCKETLOCK SPINLOCK
	129	#if BUCKETLOCK == LOCKFREE
	130	#include <uStackLF.h>
	131	#endif // LOCKFREE
	132
	133	// Recursive definitions: HeapManager needs size of bucket array and bucket area needs sizeof HeapManager storage.
	134	// Break recusion by hardcoding number of buckets and statically checking number is correct after bucket array defined.
[95eb7cf]	135	enum { NoBucketSizes = 91 }; // number of buckets sizes
[d46ed6e]	136
[c4f68dc]	137	struct HeapManager {
	138	// struct FreeHeader; // forward declaration
	139
	140	struct Storage {
[bcb14b5]	141	struct Header { // header
[c4f68dc]	142	union Kind {
	143	struct RealHeader {
	144	union {
[bcb14b5]	145	struct { // 4-byte word => 8-byte header, 8-byte word => 16-byte header
[f0b3f51]	146	#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
[c4f68dc]	147	uint32_t padding; // unused, force home/blocksize to overlay alignment in fake header
[bcb14b5]	148	#endif // __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
[c4f68dc]	149
	150	union {
	151	// FreeHeader * home; // allocated block points back to home locations (must overlay alignment)
	152	void * home; // allocated block points back to home locations (must overlay alignment)
	153	size_t blockSize; // size for munmap (must overlay alignment)
	154	#if BUCKLOCK == SPINLOCK
	155	Storage * next; // freed block points next freed block of same size
	156	#endif // SPINLOCK
	157	};
	158
[f0b3f51]	159	#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
[c4f68dc]	160	uint32_t padding; // unused, force home/blocksize to overlay alignment in fake header
[bcb14b5]	161	#endif // __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
[c4f68dc]	162	};
[bcb14b5]	163	// future code
[c4f68dc]	164	#if BUCKLOCK == LOCKFREE
	165	Stack<Storage>::Link next; // freed block points next freed block of same size (double-wide)
	166	#endif // LOCKFREE
	167	};
[93c2e0a]	168	} real; // RealHeader
[c4f68dc]	169	struct FakeHeader {
	170	#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
	171	uint32_t alignment; // low-order bits of home/blockSize used for tricks
[f0b3f51]	172	#endif // __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
[c4f68dc]	173
	174	uint32_t offset;
	175
	176	#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
	177	uint32_t alignment; // low-order bits of home/blockSize used for tricks
[f0b3f51]	178	#endif // __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
[93c2e0a]	179	} fake; // FakeHeader
	180	} kind; // Kind
[bcb14b5]	181	} header; // Header
[95eb7cf]	182	char pad[libAlign() - sizeof( Header )];
[bcb14b5]	183	char data[0]; // storage
[c4f68dc]	184	}; // Storage
	185
[95eb7cf]	186	static_assert( libAlign() >= sizeof( Storage ), "libAlign() < sizeof( Storage )" );
[c4f68dc]	187
	188	struct FreeHeader {
	189	#if BUCKLOCK == SPINLOCK
[bcb14b5]	190	__spinlock_t lock; // must be first field for alignment
	191	Storage * freeList;
[c4f68dc]	192	#elif BUCKLOCK == LOCKFREE
[bcb14b5]	193	// future code
	194	StackLF<Storage> freeList;
[c4f68dc]	195	#else
[7b149bc]	196	#error undefined lock type for bucket lock
[c4f68dc]	197	#endif // SPINLOCK
[bcb14b5]	198	size_t blockSize; // size of allocations on this list
[c4f68dc]	199	}; // FreeHeader
	200
	201	// must be first fields for alignment
	202	__spinlock_t extlock; // protects allocation-buffer extension
	203	FreeHeader freeLists[NoBucketSizes]; // buckets for different allocation sizes
	204
	205	void * heapBegin; // start of heap
	206	void * heapEnd; // logical end of heap
	207	size_t heapRemaining; // amount of storage not allocated in the current chunk
	208	}; // HeapManager
	209
[7b149bc]	210	static inline size_t getKey( const HeapManager.FreeHeader & freeheader ) { return freeheader.blockSize; }
[5d4fa18]	211
[e723100]	212
	213	#define FASTLOOKUP
	214	#define __STATISTICS__
[5d4fa18]	215
[1e034d9]	216	// Bucket size must be multiple of 16.
[5d4fa18]	217	// Powers of 2 are common allocation sizes, so make powers of 2 generate the minimum required size.
[e723100]	218	static const unsigned int bucketSizes[] @= { // different bucket sizes
[95eb7cf]	219	16, 32, 48, 64 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
	220	96, 112, 128 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 3
	221	160, 192, 224, 256 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
	222	320, 384, 448, 512 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
	223	640, 768, 896, 1_024 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
	224	1_536, 2_048 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 2
	225	2_560, 3_072, 3_584, 4_096 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
	226	6_144, 8_192 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 2
	227	9_216, 10_240, 11_264, 12_288, 13_312, 14_336, 15_360, 16_384 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
	228	18_432, 20_480, 22_528, 24_576, 26_624, 28_672, 30_720, 32_768 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
	229	36_864, 40_960, 45_056, 49_152, 53_248, 57_344, 61_440, 65_536 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
	230	73_728, 81_920, 90_112, 98_304, 106_496, 114_688, 122_880, 131_072 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
	231	147_456, 163_840, 180_224, 196_608, 212_992, 229_376, 245_760, 262_144 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
	232	294_912, 327_680, 360_448, 393_216, 425_984, 458_752, 491_520, 524_288 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
	233	655_360, 786_432, 917_504, 1_048_576 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
	234	1_179_648, 1_310_720, 1_441_792, 1_572_864, 1_703_936, 1_835_008, 1_966_080, 2_097_152 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
	235	2_621_440, 3_145_728, 3_670_016, 4_194_304 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
[5d4fa18]	236	};
[e723100]	237
	238	static_assert( NoBucketSizes == sizeof(bucketSizes) / sizeof(bucketSizes[0]), "size of bucket array wrong" );
	239
[5d4fa18]	240	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
[a92a4fe]	241	enum { LookupSizes = 65_536 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) }; // number of fast lookup sizes
[5d4fa18]	242	static unsigned char lookup[LookupSizes]; // O(1) lookup for small sizes
	243	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
	244
[95eb7cf]	245	static int mmapFd = -1; // fake or actual fd for anonymous file
[5d4fa18]	246	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[93c2e0a]	247	static bool heapBoot = 0; // detect recursion during boot
[5d4fa18]	248	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	249	static HeapManager heapManager __attribute__(( aligned (128) )) @= {}; // size of cache line to prevent false sharing
	250
[c4f68dc]	251
	252	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	253	// Heap statistics counters.
	254	static unsigned long long int mmap_storage;
[c4f68dc]	255	static unsigned int mmap_calls;
	256	static unsigned long long int munmap_storage;
	257	static unsigned int munmap_calls;
	258	static unsigned long long int sbrk_storage;
	259	static unsigned int sbrk_calls;
	260	static unsigned long long int malloc_storage;
	261	static unsigned int malloc_calls;
	262	static unsigned long long int free_storage;
	263	static unsigned int free_calls;
	264	static unsigned long long int calloc_storage;
	265	static unsigned int calloc_calls;
	266	static unsigned long long int memalign_storage;
	267	static unsigned int memalign_calls;
	268	static unsigned long long int cmemalign_storage;
	269	static unsigned int cmemalign_calls;
	270	static unsigned long long int realloc_storage;
	271	static unsigned int realloc_calls;
[95eb7cf]	272	// Statistics file descriptor (changed by malloc_stats_fd).
	273	static int statfd = STDERR_FILENO; // default stderr
[c4f68dc]	274
	275	// Use "write" because streams may be shutdown when calls are made.
[d46ed6e]	276	static void printStats() {
[b6830d74]	277	char helpText[512];
[95eb7cf]	278	__cfaabi_bits_print_buffer( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, sizeof(helpText),
[bcb14b5]	279	"\nHeap statistics:\n"
	280	" malloc: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
	281	" calloc: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
	282	" memalign: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
	283	" cmemalign: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
	284	" realloc: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
	285	" free: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
	286	" mmap: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
	287	" munmap: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
	288	" sbrk: calls %u / storage %llu\n",
	289	malloc_calls, malloc_storage,
	290	calloc_calls, calloc_storage,
	291	memalign_calls, memalign_storage,
	292	cmemalign_calls, cmemalign_storage,
	293	realloc_calls, realloc_storage,
	294	free_calls, free_storage,
	295	mmap_calls, mmap_storage,
	296	munmap_calls, munmap_storage,
	297	sbrk_calls, sbrk_storage
[c4f68dc]	298	);
[d46ed6e]	299	} // printStats
[c4f68dc]	300
[bcb14b5]	301	static int printStatsXML( FILE * stream ) { // see malloc_info
[b6830d74]	302	char helpText[512];
	303	int len = snprintf( helpText, sizeof(helpText),
[c4f68dc]	304	"<malloc version=\"1\">\n"
	305	"<heap nr=\"0\">\n"
	306	"<sizes>\n"
	307	"</sizes>\n"
	308	"<total type=\"malloc\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	309	"<total type=\"calloc\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	310	"<total type=\"memalign\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	311	"<total type=\"cmemalign\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	312	"<total type=\"realloc\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	313	"<total type=\"free\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	314	"<total type=\"mmap\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	315	"<total type=\"munmap\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	316	"<total type=\"sbrk\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
	317	"</malloc>",
	318	malloc_calls, malloc_storage,
	319	calloc_calls, calloc_storage,
	320	memalign_calls, memalign_storage,
	321	cmemalign_calls, cmemalign_storage,
	322	realloc_calls, realloc_storage,
	323	free_calls, free_storage,
	324	mmap_calls, mmap_storage,
	325	munmap_calls, munmap_storage,
	326	sbrk_calls, sbrk_storage
	327	);
[95eb7cf]	328	__cfaabi_bits_write( fileno( stream ), helpText, len ); // ensures all bytes written or exit
	329	return len;
[d46ed6e]	330	} // printStatsXML
[c4f68dc]	331	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	332
[95eb7cf]	333
[98d6965d]	334	// static inline void noMemory() {
	335	// abort( "Heap memory exhausted at %zu bytes.\n"
	336	// "Possible cause is very large memory allocation and/or large amount of unfreed storage allocated by the program or system/library routines.",
	337	// ((char )(sbrk( 0 )) - (char )(heapManager.heapBegin)) );
	338	// } // noMemory
[c4f68dc]	339
	340
	341	static inline void checkAlign( size_t alignment ) {
[95eb7cf]	342	if ( alignment < libAlign() \|\| ! libPow2( alignment ) ) {
	343	abort( "Alignment %zu for memory allocation is less than %d and/or not a power of 2.", alignment, libAlign() );
[b6830d74]	344	} // if
[c4f68dc]	345	} // checkAlign
	346
	347
[93c2e0a]	348	static inline bool setHeapExpand( size_t value ) {
[bcb14b5]	349	if ( heapExpand < pageSize ) return true;
[b6830d74]	350	heapExpand = value;
	351	return false;
[c4f68dc]	352	} // setHeapExpand
	353
	354
[1e034d9]	355	// thunk problem
	356	size_t Bsearchl( unsigned int key, const unsigned int * vals, size_t dim ) {
	357	size_t l = 0, m, h = dim;
	358	while ( l < h ) {
	359	m = (l + h) / 2;
	360	if ( (unsigned int &)(vals[m]) < key ) { // cast away const
	361	l = m + 1;
	362	} else {
	363	h = m;
	364	} // if
	365	} // while
	366	return l;
	367	} // Bsearchl
	368
	369
[95eb7cf]	370	static inline bool setMmapStart( size_t value ) { // true => mmapped, false => sbrk
	371	if ( value < pageSize \|\| bucketSizes[NoBucketSizes - 1] < value ) return true;
	372	mmapStart = value; // set global
	373
	374	// find the closest bucket size less than or equal to the mmapStart size
[1e034d9]	375	maxBucketsUsed = Bsearchl( (unsigned int)mmapStart, bucketSizes, NoBucketSizes ); // binary search
[95eb7cf]	376	assert( maxBucketsUsed < NoBucketSizes ); // subscript failure ?
	377	assert( mmapStart <= bucketSizes[maxBucketsUsed] ); // search failure ?
	378	return false;
	379	} // setMmapStart
	380
	381
[e3fea42]	382	static inline void checkHeader( bool check, const char name[], void * addr ) {
[b6830d74]	383	if ( unlikely( check ) ) { // bad address ?
[c4f68dc]	384	abort( "Attempt to %s storage %p with address outside the heap.\n"
[bcb14b5]	385	"Possible cause is duplicate free on same block or overwriting of memory.",
	386	name, addr );
[b6830d74]	387	} // if
[c4f68dc]	388	} // checkHeader
	389
[95eb7cf]	390
	391	static inline void fakeHeader( HeapManager.Storage.Header *& header, size_t & alignment ) {
[b6830d74]	392	if ( unlikely( (header->kind.fake.alignment & 1) == 1 ) ) { // fake header ?
[c4f68dc]	393	size_t offset = header->kind.fake.offset;
	394	alignment = header->kind.fake.alignment & -2; // remove flag from value
	395	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	396	checkAlign( alignment ); // check alignment
	397	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	398	header = (HeapManager.Storage.Header )((char )header - offset);
[b6830d74]	399	} // if
[c4f68dc]	400	} // fakeHeader
	401
[95eb7cf]	402
	403	// <-------+----------------------------------------------------> bsize (bucket size)
	404	// \|header \|addr
	405	//==================================================================================
	406	// \| alignment
	407	// <-----------------<------------+-----------------------------> bsize (bucket size)
	408	// \|fake-header \| addr
[c4f68dc]	409	#define headerAddr( addr ) ((HeapManager.Storage.Header )( (char )addr - sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) ))
	410
[95eb7cf]	411	// <-------<<--------------------- dsize ---------------------->> bsize (bucket size)
	412	// \|header \|addr
	413	//==================================================================================
	414	// \| alignment
	415	// <------------------------------<<---------- dsize --------->>> bsize (bucket size)
	416	// \|fake-header \|addr
	417	#define dataStorage( bsize, addr, header ) (bsize - ( (char )addr - (char )header ))
	418
	419
[e3fea42]	420	static inline bool headers( const char name[] __attribute__(( unused )), void * addr, HeapManager.Storage.Header & header, HeapManager.FreeHeader & freeElem, size_t & size, size_t & alignment ) with ( heapManager ) {
[b6830d74]	421	header = headerAddr( addr );
[c4f68dc]	422
[b6830d74]	423	if ( unlikely( heapEnd < addr ) ) { // mmapped ?
[95eb7cf]	424	fakeHeader( header, alignment );
[c4f68dc]	425	size = header->kind.real.blockSize & -3; // mmap size
	426	return true;
[b6830d74]	427	} // if
[c4f68dc]	428
	429	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[bcb14b5]	430	checkHeader( addr < heapBegin \|\| header < (HeapManager.Storage.Header *)heapBegin, name, addr ); // bad low address ?
[c4f68dc]	431	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[b6830d74]	432
[bcb14b5]	433	// header may be safe to dereference
[95eb7cf]	434	fakeHeader( header, alignment );
[c4f68dc]	435	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[bcb14b5]	436	checkHeader( header < (HeapManager.Storage.Header )heapBegin \|\| (HeapManager.Storage.Header )heapEnd < header, name, addr ); // bad address ? (offset could be + or -)
[c4f68dc]	437	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	438
[bcb14b5]	439	freeElem = (HeapManager.FreeHeader *)((size_t)header->kind.real.home & -3);
[c4f68dc]	440	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[bcb14b5]	441	if ( freeElem < &freeLists[0] \|\| &freeLists[NoBucketSizes] <= freeElem ) {
	442	abort( "Attempt to %s storage %p with corrupted header.\n"
	443	"Possible cause is duplicate free on same block or overwriting of header information.",
	444	name, addr );
	445	} // if
[c4f68dc]	446	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[bcb14b5]	447	size = freeElem->blockSize;
	448	return false;
[c4f68dc]	449	} // headers
	450
	451
	452	static inline void * extend( size_t size ) with ( heapManager ) {
[b6830d74]	453	lock( extlock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
	454	ptrdiff_t rem = heapRemaining - size;
	455	if ( rem < 0 ) {
[c4f68dc]	456	// If the size requested is bigger than the current remaining storage, increase the size of the heap.
	457
	458	size_t increase = libCeiling( size > heapExpand ? size : heapExpand, libAlign() );
	459	if ( sbrk( increase ) == (void *)-1 ) {
	460	unlock( extlock );
	461	errno = ENOMEM;
[95eb7cf]	462	return 0p;
[c4f68dc]	463	} // if
[bcb14b5]	464	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[c4f68dc]	465	sbrk_calls += 1;
	466	sbrk_storage += increase;
[bcb14b5]	467	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	468	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[c4f68dc]	469	// Set new memory to garbage so subsequent uninitialized usages might fail.
	470	memset( (char *)heapEnd + heapRemaining, '\377', increase );
[bcb14b5]	471	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[c4f68dc]	472	rem = heapRemaining + increase - size;
[b6830d74]	473	} // if
[c4f68dc]	474
[b6830d74]	475	HeapManager.Storage * block = (HeapManager.Storage *)heapEnd;
	476	heapRemaining = rem;
	477	heapEnd = (char *)heapEnd + size;
	478	unlock( extlock );
	479	return block;
[c4f68dc]	480	} // extend
	481
	482
	483	static inline void * doMalloc( size_t size ) with ( heapManager ) {
[7b149bc]	484	HeapManager.Storage * block; // pointer to new block of storage
[c4f68dc]	485
[b6830d74]	486	// Look up size in the size list. Make sure the user request includes space for the header that must be allocated
	487	// along with the block and is a multiple of the alignment size.
[c4f68dc]	488
[95eb7cf]	489	if ( unlikely( size > ~0ul - sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) ) ) return 0p;
[b6830d74]	490	size_t tsize = size + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage);
	491	if ( likely( tsize < mmapStart ) ) { // small size => sbrk
[e723100]	492	size_t posn;
	493	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
	494	if ( tsize < LookupSizes ) posn = lookup[tsize];
	495	else
	496	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
	497	posn = Bsearchl( (unsigned int)tsize, bucketSizes, (size_t)maxBucketsUsed );
	498	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem = &freeLists[posn];
	499	// #ifdef FASTLOOKUP
	500	// if ( tsize < LookupSizes )
	501	// freeElem = &freeLists[lookup[tsize]];
	502	// else
	503	// #endif // FASTLOOKUP
	504	// freeElem = bsearchl( tsize, freeLists, (size_t)maxBucketsUsed ); // binary search
	505	// HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem =
	506	// #ifdef FASTLOOKUP
	507	// tsize < LookupSizes ? &freeLists[lookup[tsize]] :
	508	// #endif // FASTLOOKUP
	509	// bsearchl( tsize, freeLists, (size_t)maxBucketsUsed ); // binary search
[c4f68dc]	510	assert( freeElem <= &freeLists[maxBucketsUsed] ); // subscripting error ?
	511	assert( tsize <= freeElem->blockSize ); // search failure ?
	512	tsize = freeElem->blockSize; // total space needed for request
	513
	514	// Spin until the lock is acquired for this particular size of block.
	515
	516	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
[bcb14b5]	517	lock( freeElem->lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
	518	block = freeElem->freeList; // remove node from stack
[c4f68dc]	519	#else
[bcb14b5]	520	block = freeElem->freeList.pop();
[c4f68dc]	521	#endif // SPINLOCK
[95eb7cf]	522	if ( unlikely( block == 0p ) ) { // no free block ?
[c4f68dc]	523	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
	524	unlock( freeElem->lock );
	525	#endif // SPINLOCK
[bcb14b5]	526
[c4f68dc]	527	// Freelist for that size was empty, so carve it out of the heap if there's enough left, or get some more
	528	// and then carve it off.
	529
	530	block = (HeapManager.Storage *)extend( tsize ); // mutual exclusion on call
[95eb7cf]	531	if ( unlikely( block == 0p ) ) return 0p;
[1e034d9]	532	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
[c4f68dc]	533	} else {
	534	freeElem->freeList = block->header.kind.real.next;
	535	unlock( freeElem->lock );
[1e034d9]	536	#endif // SPINLOCK
[c4f68dc]	537	} // if
	538
	539	block->header.kind.real.home = freeElem; // pointer back to free list of apropriate size
[bcb14b5]	540	} else { // large size => mmap
[95eb7cf]	541	if ( unlikely( size > ~0ul - pageSize ) ) return 0p;
[c4f68dc]	542	tsize = libCeiling( tsize, pageSize ); // must be multiple of page size
	543	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	544	__atomic_add_fetch( &mmap_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	545	__atomic_add_fetch( &mmap_storage, tsize, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[c4f68dc]	546	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	547	block = (HeapManager.Storage *)mmap( 0, tsize, PROT_READ \| PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE \| MAP_ANONYMOUS, mmapFd, 0 );
	548	if ( block == (HeapManager.Storage *)MAP_FAILED ) {
	549	// Do not call strerror( errno ) as it may call malloc.
	550	abort( "(HeapManager &)0x%p.doMalloc() : internal error, mmap failure, size:%zu error:%d.", &heapManager, tsize, errno );
	551	} // if
[bcb14b5]	552	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[c4f68dc]	553	// Set new memory to garbage so subsequent uninitialized usages might fail.
	554	memset( block, '\377', tsize );
[bcb14b5]	555	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[c4f68dc]	556	block->header.kind.real.blockSize = tsize; // storage size for munmap
[bcb14b5]	557	} // if
[c4f68dc]	558
[95eb7cf]	559	void * addr = &(block->data); // adjust off header to user bytes
[c4f68dc]	560
	561	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[95eb7cf]	562	assert( ((uintptr_t)addr & (libAlign() - 1)) == 0 ); // minimum alignment ?
[bcb14b5]	563	__atomic_add_fetch( &allocFree, tsize, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	564	if ( traceHeap() ) {
	565	enum { BufferSize = 64 };
	566	char helpText[BufferSize];
[95eb7cf]	567	int len = snprintf( helpText, BufferSize, "%p = Malloc( %zu ) (allocated %zu)\n", addr, size, tsize );
	568	// int len = snprintf( helpText, BufferSize, "Malloc %p %zu\n", addr, size );
	569	__cfaabi_bits_write( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, len ); // print debug/nodebug
[bcb14b5]	570	} // if
[c4f68dc]	571	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	572
[95eb7cf]	573	return addr;
[c4f68dc]	574	} // doMalloc
	575
	576
	577	static inline void doFree( void * addr ) with ( heapManager ) {
	578	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[95eb7cf]	579	if ( unlikely( heapManager.heapBegin == 0p ) ) {
[bcb14b5]	580	abort( "doFree( %p ) : internal error, called before heap is initialized.", addr );
	581	} // if
[c4f68dc]	582	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	583
[b6830d74]	584	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
	585	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
	586	size_t size, alignment; // not used (see realloc)
[c4f68dc]	587
[b6830d74]	588	if ( headers( "free", addr, header, freeElem, size, alignment ) ) { // mmapped ?
[c4f68dc]	589	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	590	__atomic_add_fetch( &munmap_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	591	__atomic_add_fetch( &munmap_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[c4f68dc]	592	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	593	if ( munmap( header, size ) == -1 ) {
	594	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	595	abort( "Attempt to deallocate storage %p not allocated or with corrupt header.\n"
[bcb14b5]	596	"Possible cause is invalid pointer.",
	597	addr );
[c4f68dc]	598	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	599	} // if
[bcb14b5]	600	} else {
[c4f68dc]	601	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[bcb14b5]	602	// Set free memory to garbage so subsequent usages might fail.
	603	memset( ((HeapManager.Storage *)header)->data, '\377', freeElem->blockSize - sizeof( HeapManager.Storage ) );
[c4f68dc]	604	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	605
	606	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	607	free_storage += size;
[c4f68dc]	608	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	609	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
[bcb14b5]	610	lock( freeElem->lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 ); // acquire spin lock
	611	header->kind.real.next = freeElem->freeList; // push on stack
	612	freeElem->freeList = (HeapManager.Storage *)header;
	613	unlock( freeElem->lock ); // release spin lock
[c4f68dc]	614	#else
[bcb14b5]	615	freeElem->freeList.push( (HeapManager.Storage )header );
[c4f68dc]	616	#endif // SPINLOCK
[bcb14b5]	617	} // if
[c4f68dc]	618
	619	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[bcb14b5]	620	__atomic_add_fetch( &allocFree, -size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	621	if ( traceHeap() ) {
[7b149bc]	622	enum { BufferSize = 64 };
	623	char helpText[BufferSize];
[bcb14b5]	624	int len = snprintf( helpText, sizeof(helpText), "Free( %p ) size:%zu\n", addr, size );
[95eb7cf]	625	__cfaabi_bits_write( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, len ); // print debug/nodebug
[bcb14b5]	626	} // if
[c4f68dc]	627	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	628	} // doFree
	629
	630
[95eb7cf]	631	size_t prtFree( HeapManager & manager ) with ( manager ) {
[b6830d74]	632	size_t total = 0;
[c4f68dc]	633	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	634	__cfaabi_bits_acquire();
	635	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\nBin lists (bin size : free blocks on list)\n" );
[c4f68dc]	636	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[b6830d74]	637	for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < maxBucketsUsed; i += 1 ) {
[d46ed6e]	638	size_t size = freeLists[i].blockSize;
	639	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	640	unsigned int N = 0;
	641	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[b6830d74]	642
[d46ed6e]	643	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
[95eb7cf]	644	for ( HeapManager.Storage * p = freeLists[i].freeList; p != 0p; p = p->header.kind.real.next ) {
[d46ed6e]	645	#else
[95eb7cf]	646	for ( HeapManager.Storage * p = freeLists[i].freeList.top(); p != 0p; p = p->header.kind.real.next.top ) {
[d46ed6e]	647	#endif // SPINLOCK
	648	total += size;
	649	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	650	N += 1;
	651	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[b6830d74]	652	} // for
	653
[d46ed6e]	654	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	655	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "%7zu, %-7u ", size, N );
	656	if ( (i + 1) % 8 == 0 ) __cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\n" );
[d46ed6e]	657	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	658	} // for
	659	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	660	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\ntotal free blocks:%zu\n", total );
	661	__cfaabi_bits_release();
[d46ed6e]	662	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	663	return (char )heapEnd - (char )heapBegin - total;
[95eb7cf]	664	} // prtFree
	665
	666
	667	static void ?{}( HeapManager & manager ) with ( manager ) {
	668	pageSize = sysconf( _SC_PAGESIZE );
	669
	670	for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < NoBucketSizes; i += 1 ) { // initialize the free lists
	671	freeLists[i].blockSize = bucketSizes[i];
	672	} // for
	673
	674	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
	675	unsigned int idx = 0;
	676	for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < LookupSizes; i += 1 ) {
	677	if ( i > bucketSizes[idx] ) idx += 1;
	678	lookup[i] = idx;
	679	} // for
	680	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
	681
	682	if ( setMmapStart( default_mmap_start() ) ) {
	683	abort( "HeapManager : internal error, mmap start initialization failure." );
	684	} // if
	685	heapExpand = default_heap_expansion();
	686
[1e034d9]	687	char * end = (char *)sbrk( 0 );
	688	sbrk( (char *)libCeiling( (long unsigned int)end, libAlign() ) - end ); // move start of heap to multiple of alignment
[95eb7cf]	689	heapBegin = heapEnd = sbrk( 0 ); // get new start point
	690	} // HeapManager
	691
	692
	693	static void ^?{}( HeapManager & ) {
	694	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[baf608a]	695	if ( traceHeapTerm() ) {
	696	printStats();
	697	// if ( prtfree() ) prtFree( heapManager, true );
	698	} // if
[95eb7cf]	699	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	700	} // ~HeapManager
	701
	702
	703	static void memory_startup( void ) __attribute__(( constructor( STARTUP_PRIORITY_MEMORY ) ));
	704	void memory_startup( void ) {
	705	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	706	if ( unlikely( heapBoot ) ) { // check for recursion during system boot
	707	// DO NOT USE STREAMS AS THEY MAY BE UNAVAILABLE AT THIS POINT.
	708	abort( "boot() : internal error, recursively invoked during system boot." );
	709	} // if
	710	heapBoot = true;
	711	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	712
	713	//assert( heapManager.heapBegin != 0 );
	714	//heapManager{};
	715	if ( heapManager.heapBegin == 0p ) heapManager{};
	716	} // memory_startup
	717
	718	static void memory_shutdown( void ) __attribute__(( destructor( STARTUP_PRIORITY_MEMORY ) ));
	719	void memory_shutdown( void ) {
	720	^heapManager{};
	721	} // memory_shutdown
[c4f68dc]	722
[bcb14b5]	723
	724	static inline void * mallocNoStats( size_t size ) { // necessary for malloc statistics
[7117ac3]	725	//assert( heapManager.heapBegin != 0 );
[95eb7cf]	726	if ( unlikely( heapManager.heapBegin == 0p ) ) heapManager{}; // called before memory_startup ?
	727	void * addr = doMalloc( size );
	728	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) errno = ENOMEM; // POSIX
	729	return addr;
[bcb14b5]	730	} // mallocNoStats
[c4f68dc]	731
	732
[95eb7cf]	733	static inline void * callocNoStats( size_t noOfElems, size_t elemSize ) {
	734	size_t size = noOfElems * elemSize;
	735	char * addr = (char *)mallocNoStats( size );
	736	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return 0p;
	737
	738	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
	739	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
	740	size_t bsize, alignment;
	741	bool mapped __attribute__(( unused )) = headers( "calloc", addr, header, freeElem, bsize, alignment );
	742	#ifndef __CFA_DEBUG__
	743	// Mapped storage is zero filled, but in debug mode mapped memory is scrubbed in doMalloc, so it has to be reset to zero.
	744	if ( ! mapped )
	745	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[1e034d9]	746	// Zero entire data space even when > than size => realloc without a new allocation and zero fill works.
	747	// <-------00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000> bsize (bucket size)
	748	// `-header`-addr `-size
[95eb7cf]	749	memset( addr, '\0', bsize - sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) ); // set to zeros
	750
	751	header->kind.real.blockSize \|= 2; // mark as zero filled
	752	return addr;
	753	} // callocNoStats
	754
	755
[bcb14b5]	756	static inline void * memalignNoStats( size_t alignment, size_t size ) { // necessary for malloc statistics
	757	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[b6830d74]	758	checkAlign( alignment ); // check alignment
[bcb14b5]	759	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[c4f68dc]	760
[b6830d74]	761	// if alignment <= default alignment, do normal malloc as two headers are unnecessary
[bcb14b5]	762	if ( unlikely( alignment <= libAlign() ) ) return mallocNoStats( size );
[b6830d74]	763
	764	// Allocate enough storage to guarantee an address on the alignment boundary, and sufficient space before it for
	765	// administrative storage. NOTE, WHILE THERE ARE 2 HEADERS, THE FIRST ONE IS IMPLICITLY CREATED BY DOMALLOC.
	766	// .-------------v-----------------v----------------v----------,
	767	// \| Real Header \| ... padding ... \| Fake Header \| data ... \|
	768	// `-------------^-----------------^-+--------------^----------'
	769	// \|<--------------------------------' offset/align \|<-- alignment boundary
	770
	771	// subtract libAlign() because it is already the minimum alignment
	772	// add sizeof(Storage) for fake header
[95eb7cf]	773	char * addr = (char *)mallocNoStats( size + alignment - libAlign() + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) );
	774	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return addr;
[b6830d74]	775
	776	// address in the block of the "next" alignment address
[95eb7cf]	777	char * user = (char *)libCeiling( (uintptr_t)(addr + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage)), alignment );
[b6830d74]	778
	779	// address of header from malloc
[95eb7cf]	780	HeapManager.Storage.Header * realHeader = headerAddr( addr );
[b6830d74]	781	// address of fake header * before* the alignment location
	782	HeapManager.Storage.Header * fakeHeader = headerAddr( user );
	783	// SKULLDUGGERY: insert the offset to the start of the actual storage block and remember alignment
	784	fakeHeader->kind.fake.offset = (char )fakeHeader - (char )realHeader;
	785	// SKULLDUGGERY: odd alignment imples fake header
	786	fakeHeader->kind.fake.alignment = alignment \| 1;
	787
	788	return user;
[bcb14b5]	789	} // memalignNoStats
[c4f68dc]	790
	791
[95eb7cf]	792	static inline void * cmemalignNoStats( size_t alignment, size_t noOfElems, size_t elemSize ) {
	793	size_t size = noOfElems * elemSize;
	794	char * addr = (char *)memalignNoStats( alignment, size );
	795	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return 0p;
	796	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
	797	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
	798	size_t bsize;
	799	bool mapped __attribute__(( unused )) = headers( "cmemalign", addr, header, freeElem, bsize, alignment );
	800	#ifndef __CFA_DEBUG__
	801	// Mapped storage is zero filled, but in debug mode mapped memory is scrubbed in doMalloc, so it has to be reset to zero.
	802	if ( ! mapped )
	803	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	804	memset( addr, '\0', dataStorage( bsize, addr, header ) ); // set to zeros
	805	header->kind.real.blockSize \|= 2; // mark as zero filled
	806
	807	return addr;
	808	} // cmemalignNoStats
	809
	810
[e723100]	811	// supported mallopt options
	812	#ifndef M_MMAP_THRESHOLD
	813	#define M_MMAP_THRESHOLD (-1)
	814	#endif // M_TOP_PAD
	815	#ifndef M_TOP_PAD
	816	#define M_TOP_PAD (-2)
	817	#endif // M_TOP_PAD
	818
	819
[c4f68dc]	820	extern "C" {
[ca7949b]	821	// Allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory is not initialized. If size is 0,
	822	// then malloc() returns either 0p, or a unique pointer value that can later be successfully passed to free().
[b6830d74]	823	void * malloc( size_t size ) {
[c4f68dc]	824	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	825	__atomic_add_fetch( &malloc_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	826	__atomic_add_fetch( &malloc_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[c4f68dc]	827	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	828
[bcb14b5]	829	return mallocNoStats( size );
	830	} // malloc
[c4f68dc]	831
[ca7949b]	832	// Allocate memory for an array of nmemb elements of size bytes each and returns a pointer to the allocated
	833	// memory. The memory is set to zero. If nmemb or size is 0, then calloc() returns either 0p, or a unique pointer
	834	// value that can later be successfully passed to free().
[bcb14b5]	835	void * calloc( size_t noOfElems, size_t elemSize ) {
[c4f68dc]	836	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	837	__atomic_add_fetch( &calloc_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[95eb7cf]	838	__atomic_add_fetch( &calloc_storage, noOfElems * elemSize, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[c4f68dc]	839	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	840
[95eb7cf]	841	return callocNoStats( noOfElems, elemSize );
[bcb14b5]	842	} // calloc
[c4f68dc]	843
[ca7949b]	844	// Change the size of the memory block pointed to by ptr to size bytes. The contents shall be unchanged in the range
	845	// from the start of the region up to the minimum of the old and new sizes. If the new size is larger than the old
	846	// size, the added memory shall not be initialized. If ptr is 0p, then the call is equivalent to malloc(size), for
	847	// all values of size; if size is equal to zero, and ptr is not 0p, then the call is equivalent to free(ptr). Unless
	848	// ptr is 0p, it must have been returned by an earlier call to malloc(), calloc() or realloc(). If the area pointed
	849	// to was moved, a free(ptr) is done.
[95eb7cf]	850	void * realloc( void * oaddr, size_t size ) {
[c4f68dc]	851	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	852	__atomic_add_fetch( &realloc_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[c4f68dc]	853	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	854
[1f6de372]	855	// If size is equal to 0, either NULL or a pointer suitable to be passed to free() is returned.
	856	if ( unlikely( size == 0 ) ) { free( oaddr ); return mallocNoStats( size ); } // special cases
[95eb7cf]	857	if ( unlikely( oaddr == 0p ) ) return mallocNoStats( size );
[c4f68dc]	858
	859	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
	860	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
[95eb7cf]	861	size_t bsize, oalign = 0;
	862	headers( "realloc", oaddr, header, freeElem, bsize, oalign );
	863
	864	size_t odsize = dataStorage( bsize, oaddr, header ); // data storage available in bucket
	865	if ( size <= odsize && odsize <= size * 2 ) { // allow up to 50% wasted storage in smaller size
	866	// Do not know size of original allocation => cannot do 0 fill for any additional space because do not know
	867	// where to start filling, i.e., do not overwrite existing values in space.
	868	//
[c4f68dc]	869	// This case does not result in a new profiler entry because the previous one still exists and it must match with
	870	// the free for this memory. Hence, this realloc does not appear in the profiler output.
[95eb7cf]	871	return oaddr;
[c4f68dc]	872	} // if
	873
	874	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	875	__atomic_add_fetch( &realloc_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[c4f68dc]	876	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	877
[95eb7cf]	878	// change size and copy old content to new storage
	879
	880	void * naddr;
	881	if ( unlikely( oalign != 0 ) ) { // previous request memalign?
	882	if ( unlikely( header->kind.real.blockSize & 2 ) ) { // previous request zero fill
	883	naddr = cmemalignNoStats( oalign, 1, size ); // create new aligned area
	884	} else {
	885	naddr = memalignNoStats( oalign, size ); // create new aligned area
	886	} // if
[c4f68dc]	887	} else {
[95eb7cf]	888	if ( unlikely( header->kind.real.blockSize & 2 ) ) { // previous request zero fill
	889	naddr = callocNoStats( 1, size ); // create new area
	890	} else {
	891	naddr = mallocNoStats( size ); // create new area
	892	} // if
[c4f68dc]	893	} // if
[95eb7cf]	894	if ( unlikely( naddr == 0p ) ) return 0p;
[1e034d9]	895
[95eb7cf]	896	headers( "realloc", naddr, header, freeElem, bsize, oalign );
	897	size_t ndsize = dataStorage( bsize, naddr, header ); // data storage avilable in bucket
	898	// To preserve prior fill, the entire bucket must be copied versus the size.
	899	memcpy( naddr, oaddr, MIN( odsize, ndsize ) ); // copy bytes
	900	free( oaddr );
	901	return naddr;
[b6830d74]	902	} // realloc
[c4f68dc]	903
[ca7949b]	904	// Allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory address shall be a multiple of
	905	// alignment, which must be a power of two. (obsolete)
[bcb14b5]	906	void * memalign( size_t alignment, size_t size ) {
[c4f68dc]	907	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	908	__atomic_add_fetch( &memalign_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	909	__atomic_add_fetch( &memalign_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	910	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	911
[95eb7cf]	912	return memalignNoStats( alignment, size );
[bcb14b5]	913	} // memalign
[c4f68dc]	914
[95eb7cf]	915
[ca7949b]	916	// Same as calloc() with memory alignment.
[95eb7cf]	917	void * cmemalign( size_t alignment, size_t noOfElems, size_t elemSize ) {
	918	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
	919	__atomic_add_fetch( &cmemalign_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	920	__atomic_add_fetch( &cmemalign_storage, noOfElems * elemSize, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
	921	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	922
	923	return cmemalignNoStats( alignment, noOfElems, elemSize );
	924	} // cmemalign
	925
[ca7949b]	926	// Same as memalign(), but ISO/IEC 2011 C11 Section 7.22.2 states: the value of size shall be an integral multiple
	927	// of alignment. This requirement is universally ignored.
[b6830d74]	928	void * aligned_alloc( size_t alignment, size_t size ) {
[c4f68dc]	929	return memalign( alignment, size );
[b6830d74]	930	} // aligned_alloc
[c4f68dc]	931
	932
[ca7949b]	933	// Allocates size bytes and places the address of the allocated memory in *memptr. The address of the allocated
	934	// memory shall be a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two and a multiple of sizeof(void *). If size
	935	// is 0, then posix_memalign() returns either 0p, or a unique pointer value that can later be successfully passed to
	936	// free(3).
[b6830d74]	937	int posix_memalign( void ** memptr, size_t alignment, size_t size ) {
[bcb14b5]	938	if ( alignment < sizeof(void *) \|\| ! libPow2( alignment ) ) return EINVAL; // check alignment
[c4f68dc]	939	* memptr = memalign( alignment, size );
[95eb7cf]	940	if ( unlikely( * memptr == 0p ) ) return ENOMEM;
[c4f68dc]	941	return 0;
[b6830d74]	942	} // posix_memalign
[c4f68dc]	943
[ca7949b]	944	// Allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory address shall be a multiple of the
	945	// page size. It is equivalent to memalign(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE),size).
[b6830d74]	946	void * valloc( size_t size ) {
[c4f68dc]	947	return memalign( pageSize, size );
[b6830d74]	948	} // valloc
[c4f68dc]	949
	950
[ca7949b]	951	// Same as valloc but rounds size to multiple of page size.
	952	void * pvalloc( size_t size ) {
	953	return memalign( pageSize, libCeiling( size, pageSize ) );
	954	} // pvalloc
	955
	956
	957	// Frees the memory space pointed to by ptr, which must have been returned by a previous call to malloc(), calloc()
	958	// or realloc(). Otherwise, or if free(ptr) has already been called before, undefined behavior occurs. If ptr is
	959	// 0p, no operation is performed.
[b6830d74]	960	void free( void * addr ) {
[c4f68dc]	961	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	962	__atomic_add_fetch( &free_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[c4f68dc]	963	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	964
[95eb7cf]	965	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) { // special case
	966	// #ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
	967	// if ( traceHeap() ) {
	968	// #define nullmsg "Free( 0x0 ) size:0\n"
[1e034d9]	969	// // Do not debug print free( 0p ), as it can cause recursive entry from sprintf.
[95eb7cf]	970	// __cfaabi_dbg_write( nullmsg, sizeof(nullmsg) - 1 );
	971	// } // if
	972	// #endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
[c4f68dc]	973	return;
	974	} // exit
	975
	976	doFree( addr );
[b6830d74]	977	} // free
[93c2e0a]	978
[c4f68dc]	979
[ca7949b]	980	// Returns the alignment of the allocation.
[b6830d74]	981	size_t malloc_alignment( void * addr ) {
[95eb7cf]	982	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return libAlign(); // minimum alignment
[1aa6ecb]	983	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header = headerAddr( addr );
[c4f68dc]	984	if ( (header->kind.fake.alignment & 1) == 1 ) { // fake header ?
	985	return header->kind.fake.alignment & -2; // remove flag from value
	986	} else {
	987	return libAlign (); // minimum alignment
	988	} // if
[bcb14b5]	989	} // malloc_alignment
[c4f68dc]	990
	991
[ca7949b]	992	// Returns true if the allocation is zero filled, i.e., initially allocated by calloc().
[b6830d74]	993	bool malloc_zero_fill( void * addr ) {
[95eb7cf]	994	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return false; // null allocation is not zero fill
[1aa6ecb]	995	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header = headerAddr( addr );
[c4f68dc]	996	if ( (header->kind.fake.alignment & 1) == 1 ) { // fake header ?
	997	header = (HeapManager.Storage.Header )((char )header - header->kind.fake.offset);
	998	} // if
	999	return (header->kind.real.blockSize & 2) != 0; // zero filled (calloc/cmemalign) ?
[bcb14b5]	1000	} // malloc_zero_fill
[c4f68dc]	1001
	1002
[ca7949b]	1003	// Returns the number of usable bytes in the block pointed to by ptr, a pointer to a block of memory allocated by
	1004	// malloc or a related function.
[95eb7cf]	1005	size_t malloc_usable_size( void * addr ) {
	1006	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return 0; // null allocation has 0 size
	1007	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
	1008	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
	1009	size_t bsize, alignment;
	1010
	1011	headers( "malloc_usable_size", addr, header, freeElem, bsize, alignment );
	1012	return dataStorage( bsize, addr, header ); // data storage in bucket
	1013	} // malloc_usable_size
	1014
	1015
[ca7949b]	1016	// Prints (on default standard error) statistics about memory allocated by malloc and related functions.
[b6830d74]	1017	void malloc_stats( void ) {
[c4f68dc]	1018	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	1019	printStats();
[95eb7cf]	1020	if ( prtFree() ) prtFree( heapManager );
[c4f68dc]	1021	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	1022	} // malloc_stats
[c4f68dc]	1023
[ca7949b]	1024	// Changes the file descripter where malloc_stats() writes statistics.
[95eb7cf]	1025	int malloc_stats_fd( int fd __attribute__(( unused )) ) {
[c4f68dc]	1026	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	1027	int temp = statfd;
	1028	statfd = fd;
	1029	return temp;
[c4f68dc]	1030	#else
[bcb14b5]	1031	return -1;
[c4f68dc]	1032	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[bcb14b5]	1033	} // malloc_stats_fd
[c4f68dc]	1034
[95eb7cf]	1035
[ca7949b]	1036	// Adjusts parameters that control the behavior of the memory-allocation functions (see malloc). The param argument
	1037	// specifies the parameter to be modified, and value specifies the new value for that parameter.
[95eb7cf]	1038	int mallopt( int option, int value ) {
	1039	choose( option ) {
	1040	case M_TOP_PAD:
	1041	if ( setHeapExpand( value ) ) return 1;
	1042	case M_MMAP_THRESHOLD:
	1043	if ( setMmapStart( value ) ) return 1;
	1044	} // switch
	1045	return 0; // error, unsupported
	1046	} // mallopt
	1047
[ca7949b]	1048	// Attempt to release free memory at the top of the heap (by calling sbrk with a suitable argument).
[95eb7cf]	1049	int malloc_trim( size_t ) {
	1050	return 0; // => impossible to release memory
	1051	} // malloc_trim
	1052
	1053
[ca7949b]	1054	// Exports an XML string that describes the current state of the memory-allocation implementation in the caller.
	1055	// The string is printed on the file stream stream. The exported string includes information about all arenas (see
	1056	// malloc).
[c4f68dc]	1057	int malloc_info( int options, FILE * stream ) {
[95eb7cf]	1058	if ( options != 0 ) { errno = EINVAL; return -1; }
[d46ed6e]	1059	return printStatsXML( stream );
[c4f68dc]	1060	} // malloc_info
	1061
	1062
[ca7949b]	1063	// Records the current state of all malloc internal bookkeeping variables (but not the actual contents of the heap
	1064	// or the state of malloc_hook functions pointers). The state is recorded in a system-dependent opaque data
	1065	// structure dynamically allocated via malloc, and a pointer to that data structure is returned as the function
	1066	// result. (The caller must free this memory.)
[c4f68dc]	1067	void * malloc_get_state( void ) {
[95eb7cf]	1068	return 0p; // unsupported
[c4f68dc]	1069	} // malloc_get_state
	1070
[bcb14b5]	1071
[ca7949b]	1072	// Restores the state of all malloc internal bookkeeping variables to the values recorded in the opaque data
	1073	// structure pointed to by state.
[c4f68dc]	1074	int malloc_set_state( void * ptr ) {
[bcb14b5]	1075	return 0; // unsupported
[c4f68dc]	1076	} // malloc_set_state
	1077	} // extern "C"
	1078
	1079
[95eb7cf]	1080	// Must have CFA linkage to overload with C linkage realloc.
	1081	void * realloc( void * oaddr, size_t nalign, size_t size ) {
[1e034d9]	1082	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	1083	__atomic_add_fetch( &realloc_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[1e034d9]	1084	#endif // __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	1085
[1f6de372]	1086	// If size is equal to 0, either NULL or a pointer suitable to be passed to free() is returned.
	1087	if ( unlikely( size == 0 ) ) { free( oaddr ); return mallocNoStats( size ); } // special cases
[95eb7cf]	1088	if ( unlikely( oaddr == 0p ) ) return mallocNoStats( size );
	1089
[1e034d9]	1090	if ( unlikely( nalign == 0 ) ) nalign = libAlign(); // reset alignment to minimum
[95eb7cf]	1091	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
[1e034d9]	1092	else
[95eb7cf]	1093	checkAlign( nalign ); // check alignment
	1094	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
	1095
	1096	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
	1097	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
	1098	size_t bsize, oalign = 0;
	1099	headers( "realloc", oaddr, header, freeElem, bsize, oalign );
[1e034d9]	1100	size_t odsize = dataStorage( bsize, oaddr, header ); // data storage available in bucket
[95eb7cf]	1101
	1102	if ( oalign != 0 && (uintptr_t)oaddr % nalign == 0 ) { // has alignment and just happens to work out
	1103	headerAddr( oaddr )->kind.fake.alignment = nalign \| 1; // update alignment (could be the same)
	1104	return realloc( oaddr, size );
[1e034d9]	1105	} // if
[95eb7cf]	1106
[1e034d9]	1107	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
[95eb7cf]	1108	__atomic_add_fetch( &realloc_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
[1e034d9]	1109	#endif // __STATISTICS__
	1110
	1111	// change size and copy old content to new storage
[95eb7cf]	1112
[1e034d9]	1113	void * naddr;
	1114	if ( unlikely( header->kind.real.blockSize & 2 ) ) { // previous request zero fill
	1115	naddr = cmemalignNoStats( nalign, 1, size ); // create new aligned area
	1116	} else {
	1117	naddr = memalignNoStats( nalign, size ); // create new aligned area
	1118	} // if
[95eb7cf]	1119
[1e034d9]	1120	headers( "realloc", naddr, header, freeElem, bsize, oalign );
	1121	size_t ndsize = dataStorage( bsize, naddr, header ); // data storage avilable in bucket
[95eb7cf]	1122	// To preserve prior fill, the entire bucket must be copied versus the size.
[1e034d9]	1123	memcpy( naddr, oaddr, MIN( odsize, ndsize ) ); // copy bytes
	1124	free( oaddr );
	1125	return naddr;
[95eb7cf]	1126	} // realloc
	1127
	1128
[c4f68dc]	1129	// Local Variables: //
	1130	// tab-width: 4 //
[f8cd310]	1131	// compile-command: "cfa -nodebug -O2 heap.cfa" //
[c4f68dc]	1132	// End: //

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