source: libcfa/src/concurrency/locks.hfa@ baad96e

//
// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2021 University of Waterloo
//
// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
//
// locks.hfa -- PUBLIC
// Runtime locks that used with the runtime thread system.
//
// Author           : Colby Alexander Parsons
// Created On       : Thu Jan 21 19:46:50 2021
// Last Modified By :
// Last Modified On :
// Update Count     :
//

#pragma once

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "bits/weakso_locks.hfa"
#include "collections/lockfree.hfa"
#include "collections/list.hfa"

#include "limits.hfa"
#include "thread.hfa"

#include "time_t.hfa"
#include "time.hfa"

#include "select.hfa"

// futex headers
#include <linux/futex.h>      /* Definition of FUTEX_* constants */
#include <sys/syscall.h>      /* Definition of SYS_* constants */
#include <unistd.h>           /* Definition of syscall routine */

typedef void (*__cfa_pre_park)( void * );

static inline void pre_park_noop( void * ) {}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// is_blocking_lock
forall( L & | sized(L) )
trait is_blocking_lock {
        // For synchronization locks to use when acquiring
        void on_notify( L &, struct thread$ * );

        // For synchronization locks to use when releasing
        size_t on_wait( L &, __cfa_pre_park pp_fn, void * pp_datum );

        // to set recursion count after getting signalled;
        void on_wakeup( L &, size_t recursion );
};

static inline void pre_park_then_park( __cfa_pre_park pp_fn, void * pp_datum ) {
    pp_fn( pp_datum );
    park();
}

// macros for default routine impls for is_blocking_lock trait that do not wait-morph

#define DEFAULT_ON_NOTIFY( lock_type ) \
    static inline void on_notify( lock_type & this, thread$ * t ){ unpark(t); }

#define DEFAULT_ON_WAIT( lock_type ) \
    static inline size_t on_wait( lock_type & this, __cfa_pre_park pp_fn, void * pp_datum ) { \
        unlock( this ); \
        pre_park_then_park( pp_fn, pp_datum ); \
        return 0; \
    }

// on_wakeup impl if lock should be reacquired after waking up
#define DEFAULT_ON_WAKEUP_REACQ( lock_type ) \
    static inline void on_wakeup( lock_type & this, size_t recursion ) { lock( this ); }

// on_wakeup impl if lock will not be reacquired after waking up
#define DEFAULT_ON_WAKEUP_NO_REACQ( lock_type ) \
    static inline void on_wakeup( lock_type & this, size_t recursion ) {}



//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Semaphore
struct semaphore {
        __spinlock_t lock;
        int count;
        __queue_t(thread$) waiting;
};

void  ?{}(semaphore & this, int count = 1);
void ^?{}(semaphore & this);
bool   P (semaphore & this);
bool   V (semaphore & this);
bool   V (semaphore & this, unsigned count);
thread$ * V (semaphore & this, bool );

//----------
struct single_acquisition_lock {
        inline blocking_lock;
};

static inline void  ?{}( single_acquisition_lock & this ) {((blocking_lock &)this){ false, false };}
static inline void ^?{}( single_acquisition_lock & this ) {}
static inline void   lock     ( single_acquisition_lock & this ) { lock    ( (blocking_lock &)this ); }
static inline bool   try_lock ( single_acquisition_lock & this ) { return try_lock( (blocking_lock &)this ); }
static inline void   unlock   ( single_acquisition_lock & this ) { unlock  ( (blocking_lock &)this ); }
static inline size_t on_wait  ( single_acquisition_lock & this, __cfa_pre_park pp_fn, void * pp_datum ) { return on_wait ( (blocking_lock &)this, pp_fn, pp_datum ); }
static inline void   on_wakeup( single_acquisition_lock & this, size_t v ) { on_wakeup ( (blocking_lock &)this, v ); }
static inline void   on_notify( single_acquisition_lock & this, struct thread$ * t ) { on_notify( (blocking_lock &)this, t ); }
static inline bool   register_select( single_acquisition_lock & this, select_node & node ) { return register_select( (blocking_lock &)this, node ); }
static inline bool   unregister_select( single_acquisition_lock & this, select_node & node ) { return unregister_select( (blocking_lock &)this, node ); }
static inline bool   on_selected( single_acquisition_lock & this, select_node & node ) { return on_selected( (blocking_lock &)this, node ); }
__CFA_SELECT_GET_TYPE( single_acquisition_lock );

//----------
struct owner_lock {
        inline blocking_lock;
};

static inline void  ?{}( owner_lock & this ) {((blocking_lock &)this){ true, true };}
static inline void ^?{}( owner_lock & this ) {}
static inline void   lock     ( owner_lock & this ) { lock    ( (blocking_lock &)this ); }
static inline bool   try_lock ( owner_lock & this ) { return try_lock( (blocking_lock &)this ); }
static inline void   unlock   ( owner_lock & this ) { unlock  ( (blocking_lock &)this ); }
static inline size_t on_wait  ( owner_lock & this, __cfa_pre_park pp_fn, void * pp_datum ) { return on_wait ( (blocking_lock &)this, pp_fn, pp_datum ); }
static inline void   on_wakeup( owner_lock & this, size_t v ) { on_wakeup ( (blocking_lock &)this, v ); }
static inline void   on_notify( owner_lock & this, struct thread$ * t ) { on_notify( (blocking_lock &)this, t ); }
static inline bool   register_select( owner_lock & this, select_node & node ) { return register_select( (blocking_lock &)this, node ); }
static inline bool   unregister_select( owner_lock & this, select_node & node ) { return unregister_select( (blocking_lock &)this, node ); }
static inline bool   on_selected( owner_lock & this, select_node & node ) { return on_selected( (blocking_lock &)this, node ); }
__CFA_SELECT_GET_TYPE( owner_lock );

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MCS Lock
struct mcs_node {
        mcs_node * volatile next;
        single_sem sem;
};

static inline void ?{}( mcs_node & this ) { this.next = 0p; }

static inline mcs_node * volatile & ?`next ( mcs_node * node ) {
        return node->next;
}

struct mcs_lock {
        mcs_queue(mcs_node) queue;
};

static inline void lock( mcs_lock & l, mcs_node & n ) {
        if(push(l.queue, &n))
                wait(n.sem);
}

static inline void unlock(mcs_lock & l, mcs_node & n) {
        mcs_node * next = advance(l.queue, &n);
        if(next) post(next->sem);
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MCS Spin Lock
// - No recursive acquisition
// - Needs to be released by owner

struct mcs_spin_node {
        mcs_spin_node * volatile next;
        volatile bool locked;
};

struct mcs_spin_queue {
        mcs_spin_node * volatile tail;
};

static inline void ?{}( mcs_spin_node & this ) { this.next = 0p; this.locked = true; }

struct mcs_spin_lock {
        mcs_spin_queue queue;
};

static inline void lock( mcs_spin_lock & l, mcs_spin_node & n ) {
    n.locked = true;

        #if defined(__ARM_ARCH)
        __asm__ __volatile__ ( "DMB ISH" ::: );
        #endif

        mcs_spin_node * prev = __atomic_exchange_n(&l.queue.tail, &n, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
        if( prev == 0p ) return;
        prev->next = &n;
        
        #if defined(__ARM_ARCH)
        __asm__ __volatile__ ( "DMB ISH" ::: );
        #endif

        while( __atomic_load_n(&n.locked, __ATOMIC_RELAXED) ) Pause();

        #if defined(__ARM_ARCH)
        __asm__ __volatile__ ( "DMB ISH" ::: );
        #endif
}

static inline void unlock(mcs_spin_lock & l, mcs_spin_node & n) {
        #if defined(__ARM_ARCH)
        __asm__ __volatile__ ( "DMB ISH" ::: );
        #endif

        mcs_spin_node * n_ptr = &n;
        if (__atomic_compare_exchange_n(&l.queue.tail, &n_ptr, 0p, false, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)) return;
        while (__atomic_load_n(&n.next, __ATOMIC_RELAXED) == 0p) Pause();

        #if defined(__ARM_ARCH)
        __asm__ __volatile__ ( "DMB ISH" ::: );
        #endif

        n.next->locked = false;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// futex_mutex

// - Kernel thd blocking alternative to the spinlock
// - No ownership (will deadlock on reacq)
// - no reacq on wakeup
struct futex_mutex {
        // lock state any state other than UNLOCKED is locked
        // enum LockState { UNLOCKED = 0, UNCONTENDED = 1, CONTENDED = 2 };
        
        // stores a lock state
        int val; 
};

// to use for FUTEX_WAKE and FUTEX_WAIT (other futex calls will need more params)
static inline int futex(int *uaddr, int futex_op, int val) {
    return syscall(SYS_futex, uaddr, futex_op, val, NULL, NULL, 0);
}

static inline void ?{}( futex_mutex & this ) with(this) { val = 0; }

static inline bool internal_try_lock( futex_mutex & this, int & compare_val) with(this) {
        return __atomic_compare_exchange_n((int*)&val, (int*)&compare_val, 1, false, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
}

static inline int internal_exchange( futex_mutex & this ) with(this) {
        return __atomic_exchange_n((int*)&val, 2, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
}

// if this is called recursively IT WILL DEADLOCK!!!!!
static inline void lock( futex_mutex & this ) with(this) {
        int state;

        for( int spin = 4; spin < 1024; spin += spin) {
                state = 0;
                // if unlocked, lock and return
                if (internal_try_lock(this, state)) return;
                if (2 == state) break;
                for (int i = 0; i < spin; i++) Pause();
        }
        
        // if not in contended state, set to be in contended state
        if (state != 2) state = internal_exchange(this);

        // block and spin until we win the lock
        while (state != 0) {
                futex((int*)&val, FUTEX_WAIT, 2); // if val is not 2 this returns with EWOULDBLOCK
                state = internal_exchange(this);
        }
}

static inline void unlock(futex_mutex & this) with(this) {
        // if uncontended do atomic unlock and then return
    if (__atomic_exchange_n(&val, 0, __ATOMIC_RELEASE) == 1) return;
        
        // otherwise threads are blocked so we must wake one
        futex((int *)&val, FUTEX_WAKE, 1);
}

DEFAULT_ON_NOTIFY( futex_mutex )
DEFAULT_ON_WAIT( futex_mutex )
DEFAULT_ON_WAKEUP_NO_REACQ( futex_mutex )

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// go_mutex

// - Kernel thd blocking alternative to the spinlock
// - No ownership (will deadlock on reacq)
// - Golang's flavour of mutex
// - Impl taken from Golang: src/runtime/lock_futex.go
struct go_mutex {
        // lock state any state other than UNLOCKED is locked
        // enum LockState { UNLOCKED = 0, LOCKED = 1, SLEEPING = 2 };
        
        // stores a lock state
        int val; 
};
static inline void  ?{}( go_mutex & this ) with(this) { val = 0; }
static inline void ?{}( go_mutex & this, go_mutex this2 ) = void;
static inline void ?=?( go_mutex & this, go_mutex this2 ) = void;

static inline bool internal_try_lock(go_mutex & this, int & compare_val, int new_val ) with(this) {
        return __atomic_compare_exchange_n((int*)&val, (int*)&compare_val, new_val, false, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
}

static inline int internal_exchange(go_mutex & this, int swap ) with(this) {
        return __atomic_exchange_n((int*)&val, swap, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
}

// if this is called recursively IT WILL DEADLOCK!!!!!
static inline void lock( go_mutex & this ) with( this ) {
        int state, init_state;

    // speculative grab
    state = internal_exchange(this, 1);
    if ( !state ) return; // state == 0
    init_state = state;
    for (;;) {
        for( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
            while( !val ) { // lock unlocked
                state = 0;
                if ( internal_try_lock( this, state, init_state ) ) return;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) Pause();
        }

        while( !val ) { // lock unlocked
            state = 0;
            if ( internal_try_lock( this, state, init_state ) ) return;
        }
        sched_yield();
        
        // if not in contended state, set to be in contended state
        state = internal_exchange( this, 2 );
        if ( !state ) return; // state == 0
        init_state = 2;
        futex( (int*)&val, FUTEX_WAIT, 2 ); // if val is not 2 this returns with EWOULDBLOCK
    }
}

static inline void unlock( go_mutex & this ) with(this) {
        // if uncontended do atomic unlock and then return
    if ( __atomic_exchange_n(&val, 0, __ATOMIC_RELEASE) == 1 ) return;
        
        // otherwise threads are blocked so we must wake one
        futex( (int *)&val, FUTEX_WAKE, 1 );
}

DEFAULT_ON_NOTIFY( go_mutex )
DEFAULT_ON_WAIT( go_mutex )
DEFAULT_ON_WAKEUP_NO_REACQ( go_mutex )

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Exponential backoff then block lock
struct exp_backoff_then_block_lock {
        // Spin lock used for mutual exclusion
        __spinlock_t spinlock;

        // List of blocked threads
        dlist( thread$ ) blocked_threads;

        // Used for comparing and exchanging
        volatile size_t lock_value;
};

static inline void  ?{}( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this ) {
        this.spinlock{};
        this.blocked_threads{};
        this.lock_value = 0;
}
static inline void ?{}( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this, exp_backoff_then_block_lock this2 ) = void;
static inline void ?=?( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this, exp_backoff_then_block_lock this2 ) = void;

static inline void  ^?{}( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this ){}

static inline bool internal_try_lock( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this, size_t & compare_val ) with(this) {
        return __atomic_compare_exchange_n(&lock_value, &compare_val, 1, false, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
}

static inline bool try_lock( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this ) { size_t compare_val = 0; return internal_try_lock( this, compare_val ); }

static inline bool try_lock_contention( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this ) with(this) {
        return !__atomic_exchange_n( &lock_value, 2, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE );
}

static inline bool block( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this ) with(this) {
    lock( spinlock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
    if (__atomic_load_n( &lock_value, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST) != 2) {
        unlock( spinlock );
        return true;
    }
    insert_last( blocked_threads, *active_thread() );
    unlock( spinlock );
        park( );
        return true;
}

static inline void lock( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this ) with(this) {
        size_t compare_val = 0;
        int spin = 4;

        // linear backoff
        for( ;; ) {
                compare_val = 0;
                if (internal_try_lock(this, compare_val)) return;
                if (2 == compare_val) break;
                for (int i = 0; i < spin; i++) Pause();
                if (spin >= 1024) break;
                spin += spin;
        }

        if(2 != compare_val && try_lock_contention(this)) return;
        // block until signalled
        while (block(this)) if(try_lock_contention(this)) return;
}

static inline void unlock( exp_backoff_then_block_lock & this ) with(this) {
    if (__atomic_exchange_n(&lock_value, 0, __ATOMIC_RELEASE) == 1) return;
    lock( spinlock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
    thread$ * t = &try_pop_front( blocked_threads );
    unlock( spinlock );
    unpark( t );
}

DEFAULT_ON_NOTIFY( exp_backoff_then_block_lock )
DEFAULT_ON_WAIT( exp_backoff_then_block_lock )
DEFAULT_ON_WAKEUP_REACQ( exp_backoff_then_block_lock )

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Fast Block Lock

// minimal blocking lock
// - No reacquire for cond var
// - No recursive acquisition
// - No ownership
struct fast_block_lock {
        // List of blocked threads
        dlist( thread$ ) blocked_threads;

        // Spin lock used for mutual exclusion
        __spinlock_t lock;

        // flag showing if lock is held
        bool held:1;
};

static inline void  ?{}( fast_block_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock{};
        blocked_threads{};
        held = false;
}
static inline void ^?{}( fast_block_lock & this ) {}
static inline void ?{}( fast_block_lock & this, fast_block_lock this2 ) = void;
static inline void ?=?( fast_block_lock & this, fast_block_lock this2 ) = void;

// if this is called recursively IT WILL DEADLOCK!!!!!
static inline void lock( fast_block_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
        if ( held ) {
                insert_last( blocked_threads, *active_thread() );
                unlock( lock );
                park( );
                return;
        }
        held = true;
        unlock( lock );
}

static inline void unlock( fast_block_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
        /* paranoid */ verifyf( held != false, "Attempt to release lock %p that isn't held", &this );
        thread$ * t = &try_pop_front( blocked_threads );
        held = ( t ? true : false );
        unpark( t );
        unlock( lock );
}

static inline void on_notify( fast_block_lock & this, struct thread$ * t ) with(this) {
    lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
    insert_last( blocked_threads, *t );
    unlock( lock );
}
DEFAULT_ON_WAIT( fast_block_lock )
DEFAULT_ON_WAKEUP_NO_REACQ( fast_block_lock )

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// simple_owner_lock

// pthread owner lock
// - reacquire for cond var
// - recursive acquisition
// - ownership
struct simple_owner_lock {
        // List of blocked threads
        dlist( select_node ) blocked_threads;

        // Spin lock used for mutual exclusion
        __spinlock_t lock;

        // owner showing if lock is held
        struct thread$ * owner;

        size_t recursion_count;
};

static inline void  ?{}( simple_owner_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock{};
        blocked_threads{};
        owner = 0p;
        recursion_count = 0;
}
static inline void ^?{}( simple_owner_lock & this ) {}
static inline void ?{}( simple_owner_lock & this, simple_owner_lock this2 ) = void;
static inline void ?=?( simple_owner_lock & this, simple_owner_lock this2 ) = void;

static inline void lock( simple_owner_lock & this ) with(this) {
        if ( owner == active_thread() ) {
                recursion_count++;
                return;
        }
        lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );

        if ( owner != 0p ) {
        select_node node;
                insert_last( blocked_threads, node );
                unlock( lock );
                park( );
                return;
        }
        owner = active_thread();
        recursion_count = 1;
        unlock( lock );
}

static inline void pop_node( simple_owner_lock & this ) with(this) {
    __handle_waituntil_OR( blocked_threads );
    select_node * node = &try_pop_front( blocked_threads );
    if ( node ) {
        owner = node->blocked_thread;
        recursion_count = 1;
        // if ( !node->clause_status || __make_select_node_available( *node ) ) unpark( node->blocked_thread );
        wake_one( blocked_threads, *node );
    } else {
        owner = 0p;
        recursion_count = 0;
    }
}

static inline void unlock( simple_owner_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
        /* paranoid */ verifyf( owner != 0p, "Attempt to release lock %p that isn't held", &this );
        /* paranoid */ verifyf( owner == active_thread(), "Thread %p other than the owner %p attempted to release owner lock %p", owner, active_thread(), &this );
        // if recursion count is zero release lock and set new owner if one is waiting
        recursion_count--;
        if ( recursion_count == 0 ) {
                pop_node( this );
        }
        unlock( lock );
}

static inline void on_notify( simple_owner_lock & this, thread$ * t ) with(this) {
        lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
        // lock held
        if ( owner != 0p ) {
                insert_last( blocked_threads, *(select_node *)t->link_node );
        }
        // lock not held
        else {
                owner = t;
                recursion_count = 1;
                unpark( t );
        }
        unlock( lock );
}

static inline size_t on_wait( simple_owner_lock & this, __cfa_pre_park pp_fn, void * pp_datum ) with(this) {
        lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
        /* paranoid */ verifyf( owner != 0p, "Attempt to release lock %p that isn't held", &this );
        /* paranoid */ verifyf( owner == active_thread(), "Thread %p other than the owner %p attempted to release owner lock %p", owner, active_thread(), &this );

        size_t ret = recursion_count;

        pop_node( this );

    select_node node;
    active_thread()->link_node = (void *)&node;
        unlock( lock );

    pre_park_then_park( pp_fn, pp_datum );

        return ret;
}

static inline void on_wakeup( simple_owner_lock & this, size_t recursion ) with(this) { recursion_count = recursion; }

// waituntil() support
static inline bool register_select( simple_owner_lock & this, select_node & node ) with(this) {
    lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );

    // check if we can complete operation. If so race to establish winner in special OR case
    if ( !node.park_counter && ( owner == active_thread() || owner == 0p ) ) {
        if ( !__make_select_node_available( node ) ) { // we didn't win the race so give up on registering
           unlock( lock );
           return false;
        }
    }

    if ( owner == active_thread() ) {
                recursion_count++;
        if ( node.park_counter ) __make_select_node_available( node );
        unlock( lock );
                return true;
        }

    if ( owner != 0p ) {
                insert_last( blocked_threads, node );
                unlock( lock );
                return false;
        }
    
        owner = active_thread();
        recursion_count = 1;

    if ( node.park_counter ) __make_select_node_available( node );
    unlock( lock );
    return true;
}

static inline bool unregister_select( simple_owner_lock & this, select_node & node ) with(this) {
    lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
    if ( node`isListed ) {
        remove( node );
        unlock( lock );
        return false;
    }

    if ( owner == active_thread() ) {
        recursion_count--;
        if ( recursion_count == 0 ) {
            pop_node( this );
        }
    }
    unlock( lock );
    return false;
}

static inline bool on_selected( simple_owner_lock & this, select_node & node ) { return true; }
__CFA_SELECT_GET_TYPE( simple_owner_lock );

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Spin Queue Lock

// - No reacquire for cond var
// - No recursive acquisition
// - No ownership
// - spin lock with no locking/atomics in unlock
struct spin_queue_lock {
        // Spin lock used for mutual exclusion
        mcs_spin_lock lock;

        // flag showing if lock is held
        volatile bool held;
};

static inline void  ?{}( spin_queue_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock{};
        held = false;
}
static inline void ^?{}( spin_queue_lock & this ) {}
static inline void ?{}( spin_queue_lock & this, spin_queue_lock this2 ) = void;
static inline void ?=?( spin_queue_lock & this, spin_queue_lock this2 ) = void;

// if this is called recursively IT WILL DEADLOCK!
static inline void lock( spin_queue_lock & this ) with(this) {
        mcs_spin_node node;
        lock( lock, node );
        while(__atomic_load_n(&held, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)) Pause();
        __atomic_store_n(&held, true, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
        unlock( lock, node );
}

static inline void unlock( spin_queue_lock & this ) with(this) {
        __atomic_store_n(&held, false, __ATOMIC_RELEASE);
}

DEFAULT_ON_NOTIFY( spin_queue_lock )
DEFAULT_ON_WAIT( spin_queue_lock )
DEFAULT_ON_WAKEUP_REACQ( spin_queue_lock )

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MCS Block Spin Lock

// - No reacquire for cond var
// - No recursive acquisition
// - No ownership
// - Blocks but first node spins (like spin queue but blocking for not first thd)
struct mcs_block_spin_lock {
        // Spin lock used for mutual exclusion
        mcs_lock lock;

        // flag showing if lock is held
        volatile bool held;
};

static inline void  ?{}( mcs_block_spin_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock{};
        held = false;
}
static inline void ^?{}( mcs_block_spin_lock & this ) {}
static inline void ?{}( mcs_block_spin_lock & this, mcs_block_spin_lock this2 ) = void;
static inline void ?=?( mcs_block_spin_lock & this, mcs_block_spin_lock this2 ) = void;

// if this is called recursively IT WILL DEADLOCK!!!!!
static inline void lock( mcs_block_spin_lock & this ) with(this) {
        mcs_node node;
        lock( lock, node );
        while(__atomic_load_n(&held, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)) Pause();
        __atomic_store_n(&held, true, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
        unlock( lock, node );
}

static inline void unlock(mcs_block_spin_lock & this) with(this) {
        __atomic_store_n(&held, false, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
}

DEFAULT_ON_NOTIFY( mcs_block_spin_lock )
DEFAULT_ON_WAIT( mcs_block_spin_lock )
DEFAULT_ON_WAKEUP_REACQ( mcs_block_spin_lock )

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Block Spin Lock

// - No reacquire for cond var
// - No recursive acquisition
// - No ownership
// - Blocks but first node spins (like spin queue but blocking for not first thd)
struct block_spin_lock {
        // Spin lock used for mutual exclusion
        fast_block_lock lock;

        // flag showing if lock is held
        volatile bool held;
};

static inline void  ?{}( block_spin_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock{};
        held = false;
}
static inline void ^?{}( block_spin_lock & this ) {}
static inline void ?{}( block_spin_lock & this, block_spin_lock this2 ) = void;
static inline void ?=?( block_spin_lock & this, block_spin_lock this2 ) = void;

// if this is called recursively IT WILL DEADLOCK!!!!!
static inline void lock( block_spin_lock & this ) with(this) {
        lock( lock );
        while(__atomic_load_n(&held, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)) Pause();
        __atomic_store_n(&held, true, __ATOMIC_RELEASE);
        unlock( lock );
}

static inline void unlock( block_spin_lock & this ) with(this) {
        __atomic_store_n(&held, false, __ATOMIC_RELEASE);
}

static inline void on_notify( block_spin_lock & this, struct thread$ * t ) with(this.lock) {
        // first we acquire internal fast_block_lock
        lock( lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
        if ( held ) { // if internal fast_block_lock is held
                insert_last( blocked_threads, *t );
                unlock( lock );
                return;
        }
        // if internal fast_block_lock is not held
        held = true;
        unlock( lock );

        unpark(t);
}
DEFAULT_ON_WAIT( block_spin_lock )
static inline void on_wakeup( block_spin_lock & this, size_t recursion ) with(this) {
        // now we acquire the entire block_spin_lock upon waking up
        while(__atomic_load_n(&held, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)) Pause();
        __atomic_store_n(&held, true, __ATOMIC_RELEASE);
        unlock( lock ); // Now we release the internal fast_spin_lock
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// // info_thread
// // the info thread is a wrapper around a thread used
// // to store extra data for use in the condition variable
forall(L & | is_blocking_lock(L)) {
        struct info_thread;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Synchronization Locks
forall(L & | is_blocking_lock(L)) {

        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // condition_variable

        // The multi-tool condition variable
        // - can pass timeouts to wait for either a signal or timeout
        // - can wait without passing a lock
        // - can have waiters reacquire different locks while waiting on the same cond var
        // - has shadow queue
        // - can be signalled outside of critical sections with no locks held
        struct condition_variable {
                // Spin lock used for mutual exclusion
                __spinlock_t lock;

                // List of blocked threads
                dlist( info_thread(L) ) blocked_threads;

                // Count of current blocked threads
                int count;
        };


        void  ?{}( condition_variable(L) & this );
        void ^?{}( condition_variable(L) & this );

        bool notify_one( condition_variable(L) & this );
        bool notify_all( condition_variable(L) & this );

        uintptr_t front( condition_variable(L) & this );

        bool empty  ( condition_variable(L) & this );
        int  counter( condition_variable(L) & this );

        void wait( condition_variable(L) & this );
        void wait( condition_variable(L) & this, uintptr_t info );
        bool wait( condition_variable(L) & this, Duration duration );
        bool wait( condition_variable(L) & this, uintptr_t info, Duration duration );

        void wait( condition_variable(L) & this, L & l );
        void wait( condition_variable(L) & this, L & l, uintptr_t info );
        bool wait( condition_variable(L) & this, L & l, Duration duration );
        bool wait( condition_variable(L) & this, L & l, uintptr_t info, Duration duration );

        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // fast_cond_var

        // The trimmed and slim condition variable
        // - no internal lock so you must hold a lock while using this cond var
        // - signalling without holding branded lock is UNSAFE!
        // - only allows usage of one lock, cond var is branded after usage

        struct fast_cond_var {
                // List of blocked threads
                dlist( info_thread(L) ) blocked_threads;
                #ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
                L * lock_used;
                #endif
        };

        void  ?{}( fast_cond_var(L) & this );
        void ^?{}( fast_cond_var(L) & this );

        bool notify_one( fast_cond_var(L) & this );
        bool notify_all( fast_cond_var(L) & this );

        uintptr_t front( fast_cond_var(L) & this );
        bool empty  ( fast_cond_var(L) & this );

        void wait( fast_cond_var(L) & this, L & l );
        void wait( fast_cond_var(L) & this, L & l, uintptr_t info );


        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        // pthread_cond_var
        //
        // - cond var with minimal footprint
        // - supports operations needed for phthread cond

        struct pthread_cond_var {
                dlist( info_thread(L) ) blocked_threads;
                __spinlock_t lock;
        };

        void  ?{}( pthread_cond_var(L) & this );
        void ^?{}( pthread_cond_var(L) & this );

        bool notify_one( pthread_cond_var(L) & this );
        bool notify_all( pthread_cond_var(L) & this );

        uintptr_t front( pthread_cond_var(L) & this );
        bool empty ( pthread_cond_var(L) & this );

        void wait( pthread_cond_var(L) & this, L & l );
        void wait( pthread_cond_var(L) & this, L & l, uintptr_t info );
        bool wait( pthread_cond_var(L) & this, L & l, timespec t );
        bool wait( pthread_cond_var(L) & this, L & l, uintptr_t info, timespec t );
}