| 1 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -*- Mode: Latex -*- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|---|
| 2 | %%
|
|---|
| 3 | %% Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2016 University of Waterloo
|
|---|
| 4 | %%
|
|---|
| 5 | %% The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
|
|---|
| 6 | %% file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
|
|---|
| 7 | %%
|
|---|
| 8 | %% user.tex --
|
|---|
| 9 | %%
|
|---|
| 10 | %% Author : Peter A. Buhr
|
|---|
| 11 | %% Created On : Wed Apr 6 14:53:29 2016
|
|---|
| 12 | %% Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
|
|---|
| 13 | %% Last Modified On : Fri Nov 15 09:55:34 2024
|
|---|
| 14 | %% Update Count : 6249
|
|---|
| 15 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|---|
| 16 |
|
|---|
| 17 | % requires tex packages: texlive-base texlive-latex-base tex-common texlive-humanities texlive-latex-extra texlive-fonts-recommended
|
|---|
| 18 |
|
|---|
| 19 | \documentclass[11pt]{article}
|
|---|
| 20 |
|
|---|
| 21 | \makeatletter
|
|---|
| 22 | \def\@maketitle{%
|
|---|
| 23 | \newpage
|
|---|
| 24 | \null
|
|---|
| 25 | % \vskip 2em%
|
|---|
| 26 | \begin{center}%
|
|---|
| 27 | \let \footnote \thanks
|
|---|
| 28 | {\LARGE\bf \@title \par}%
|
|---|
| 29 | \@ifundefined{@author}{}
|
|---|
| 30 | {
|
|---|
| 31 | \ifx\@empty\@author
|
|---|
| 32 | \else
|
|---|
| 33 | \vskip 1.5em%
|
|---|
| 34 | {\large
|
|---|
| 35 | \lineskip .5em%
|
|---|
| 36 | \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
|
|---|
| 37 | \@author
|
|---|
| 38 | \end{tabular}%
|
|---|
| 39 | \par
|
|---|
| 40 | }%
|
|---|
| 41 | \fi
|
|---|
| 42 | }%
|
|---|
| 43 | \ifx\@empty\@date
|
|---|
| 44 | \else
|
|---|
| 45 | \vskip 1em%
|
|---|
| 46 | {\large \@date}%
|
|---|
| 47 | \fi
|
|---|
| 48 | \end{center}%
|
|---|
| 49 | \par
|
|---|
| 50 | % \vskip 1.5em
|
|---|
| 51 | }%maketitle
|
|---|
| 52 | \makeatother
|
|---|
| 53 |
|
|---|
| 54 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|---|
| 55 |
|
|---|
| 56 | % Latex packages used in the document.
|
|---|
| 57 | %\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % allow Latin1 (extended ASCII) characters
|
|---|
| 58 | %\usepackage{textcomp}
|
|---|
| 59 | %\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
|
|---|
| 60 |
|
|---|
| 61 | \usepackage{fullpage,times,comment}
|
|---|
| 62 | \usepackage{epic,eepic}
|
|---|
| 63 | \usepackage{upquote} % switch curled `'" to straight
|
|---|
| 64 | \usepackage[labelformat=simple,aboveskip=0pt,farskip=0pt]{subfig}
|
|---|
| 65 | \renewcommand{\thesubfigure}{\alph{subfigure})}
|
|---|
| 66 | \usepackage{latexsym} % \Box glyph
|
|---|
| 67 | \usepackage{mathptmx} % better math font with "times"
|
|---|
| 68 | \usepackage[usenames]{color}
|
|---|
| 69 | \usepackage[pagewise]{lineno}
|
|---|
| 70 | \renewcommand{\linenumberfont}{\scriptsize\sffamily}
|
|---|
| 71 | \input{common} % common CFA document macros
|
|---|
| 72 | \usepackage[dvips,plainpages=false,pdfpagelabels,pdfpagemode=UseNone,colorlinks=true,pagebackref=true,linkcolor=blue,citecolor=blue,urlcolor=blue,pagebackref=true,breaklinks=true]{hyperref}
|
|---|
| 73 | \usepackage{breakurl}
|
|---|
| 74 |
|
|---|
| 75 | \renewcommand\footnoterule{\kern -3pt\rule{0.3\linewidth}{0.15pt}\kern 2pt}
|
|---|
| 76 | \newcommand{\uC}{$\mu$\CC}
|
|---|
| 77 |
|
|---|
| 78 | % Default underscore is too low and wide. Cannot use lstlisting "literate" as replacing underscore
|
|---|
| 79 | % removes it as a variable-name character so keywords in variables are highlighted. MUST APPEAR
|
|---|
| 80 | % AFTER HYPERREF.
|
|---|
| 81 | \renewcommand{\textunderscore}{\leavevmode\makebox[1.2ex][c]{\rule{1ex}{0.075ex}}}
|
|---|
| 82 |
|
|---|
| 83 | \setlength{\topmargin}{-0.45in} % move running title into header
|
|---|
| 84 | \setlength{\headsep}{0.25in}
|
|---|
| 85 |
|
|---|
| 86 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|---|
| 87 |
|
|---|
| 88 | \setlength{\gcolumnposn}{3in}
|
|---|
| 89 | \CFAStyle % use default CFA format-style
|
|---|
| 90 | \lstset{language=CFA} % CFA default lnaguage
|
|---|
| 91 | \lstnewenvironment{C++}[1][] % use C++ style
|
|---|
| 92 | {\lstset{language=C++,escapechar=\$,mathescape=false,moredelim=**[is][\protect\color{red}]{@}{@},#1}}{}
|
|---|
| 93 | \lstnewenvironment{uC++}[1][]
|
|---|
| 94 | {\lstset{language=uC++,escapechar=\$,mathescape=false,moredelim=**[is][\protect\color{red}]{@}{@},#1}}{}
|
|---|
| 95 |
|
|---|
| 96 | \newsavebox{\myboxA}
|
|---|
| 97 | \newsavebox{\myboxB}
|
|---|
| 98 |
|
|---|
| 99 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|---|
| 100 |
|
|---|
| 101 | % Names used in the document.
|
|---|
| 102 | \newcommand{\Version}{\input{build/version}}
|
|---|
| 103 | \newcommand{\Textbf}[2][red]{{\color{#1}{\textbf{#2}}}}
|
|---|
| 104 | \newcommand{\Emph}[2][red]{{\color{#1}\textbf{\emph{#2}}}}
|
|---|
| 105 | \newcommand{\R}[1]{{\color{red}#1}}
|
|---|
| 106 | \newcommand{\RB}[1]{\Textbf{#1}}
|
|---|
| 107 | \newcommand{\B}[1]{{\Textbf[blue]{#1}}}
|
|---|
| 108 | \newcommand{\G}[1]{{\Textbf[OliveGreen]{#1}}}
|
|---|
| 109 | \newcommand{\Sp}{\R{\textvisiblespace}}
|
|---|
| 110 | \newcommand{\KWC}{K-W C\xspace}
|
|---|
| 111 |
|
|---|
| 112 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|---|
| 113 |
|
|---|
| 114 | \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} % number subsubsections
|
|---|
| 115 | \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} % subsubsections in table of contents
|
|---|
| 116 | \makeindex
|
|---|
| 117 |
|
|---|
| 118 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|---|
| 119 |
|
|---|
| 120 | \title{\vspace*{-0.5in}
|
|---|
| 121 | \uC to \CFA Cheat Sheet}
|
|---|
| 122 | %\author{Peter A. Buhr}
|
|---|
| 123 | \date{}
|
|---|
| 124 |
|
|---|
| 125 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|---|
| 126 |
|
|---|
| 127 | \begin{document}
|
|---|
| 128 | \pagestyle{headings}
|
|---|
| 129 | % changed after setting pagestyle
|
|---|
| 130 | \renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markboth{\thesection\quad #1}{\thesection\quad #1}}
|
|---|
| 131 | \renewcommand{\subsectionmark}[1]{\markboth{\thesubsection\quad #1}{\thesubsection\quad #1}}
|
|---|
| 132 |
|
|---|
| 133 | %\linenumbers % comment out to turn off line numbering
|
|---|
| 134 |
|
|---|
| 135 | \maketitle
|
|---|
| 136 | \vspace*{-0.55in}
|
|---|
| 137 |
|
|---|
| 138 | \section{Introduction}
|
|---|
| 139 |
|
|---|
| 140 | \CFA is NOT an object-oriented programming-language.
|
|---|
| 141 | \CFA uses parametric polymorphism and allows overloading of variables and routines:
|
|---|
| 142 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 143 | int i; char i; double i; $\C[2in]{// overload name i}$
|
|---|
| 144 | int i(); double i(); char i();
|
|---|
| 145 | i += 1; $\C{// int i}$
|
|---|
| 146 | i += 1.0; $\C{// double i}$
|
|---|
| 147 | i += 'a'; $\C{// char i}$
|
|---|
| 148 | int j = i(); $\C{// int i()}$
|
|---|
| 149 | double j = i(); $\C{// double i();}$
|
|---|
| 150 | char j = i(); $\C{// char i()}\CRT$
|
|---|
| 151 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 152 | \CFA has rebindable references.
|
|---|
| 153 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 154 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
|
|---|
| 155 | \multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{\lstinline{ int x = 1, y = 2, * p1x = &x, * p1y = &y, ** p2i = &p1x,}} \\
|
|---|
| 156 | \multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{\lstinline{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ & r1x = x, & r1y = y, && r2i = r1x;}} \\
|
|---|
| 157 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 158 | **p2i = 3;
|
|---|
| 159 | p2i = &p1y;
|
|---|
| 160 | **p2i = 3;
|
|---|
| 161 | p1x = p1y;
|
|---|
| 162 | **p2i = 4;
|
|---|
| 163 | p1x = @nullptr@;
|
|---|
| 164 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 165 | &
|
|---|
| 166 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 167 | r2i = 3; $\C[1.0in]{// change x}$
|
|---|
| 168 | &r2i = &r1y; $\C{// change p2i / r2i}$
|
|---|
| 169 | r2i = 3; $\C{// change y}$
|
|---|
| 170 | &r1x = &r1y; $\C{// change p1x / r1x}$
|
|---|
| 171 | r2i = 4; $\C{// change y}$
|
|---|
| 172 | &r1x = @0p@; $\C{// reset}\CRT$
|
|---|
| 173 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 174 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 175 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 176 | Non-rebindable reference (\CC reference) is a @const@ reference (@const@ pointer).
|
|---|
| 177 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 178 | int & @const@ cr = x; // must initialize, no null pointer
|
|---|
| 179 | int & @const@ & @const@ crcr = cr; // generalize
|
|---|
| 180 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 181 | Aggregate qualification is reduced or eliminated by opening scopes using the @with@ clause.
|
|---|
| 182 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 183 | struct S { int i; int j; double m; }; // field i has same type in structures S and T
|
|---|
| 184 | struct T { int i; int k; int m; };
|
|---|
| 185 | void foo( S s, T t ) @with( s, t )@ { // open structure scope s and t in parallel
|
|---|
| 186 | j + k; $\C[1.6in]{// unambiguous, s.j + t.k}$
|
|---|
| 187 | m = 5.0; $\C{// unambiguous, s.m = 5.0}$
|
|---|
| 188 | m = 1; $\C{// unambiguous, t.m = 1}$
|
|---|
| 189 | int a = m; $\C{// unambiguous, a = t.m}$
|
|---|
| 190 | double b = m; $\C{// unambiguous, b = s.m}$
|
|---|
| 191 | int c = s.i + t.i; $\C{// unambiguous with qualification}$
|
|---|
| 192 | (double)m; $\C{// unambiguous with cast s.m}\CRT$
|
|---|
| 193 | }
|
|---|
| 194 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 195 | \noindent
|
|---|
| 196 | In subsequent code examples, the left example is \uC and the right example is \CFA.
|
|---|
| 197 |
|
|---|
| 198 |
|
|---|
| 199 | \section{Stream I/O}
|
|---|
| 200 |
|
|---|
| 201 | \CFA output streams automatically separate values and insert a newline at the end of the print.
|
|---|
| 202 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 203 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
|
|---|
| 204 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 205 | #include <@iostream@>
|
|---|
| 206 | using namespace std;
|
|---|
| 207 | int i; double d; char c;
|
|---|
| 208 | cin >> i >> d >> c;
|
|---|
| 209 | cout << i << ' ' << d << ' ' << c | endl;
|
|---|
| 210 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 211 | &
|
|---|
| 212 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 213 | #include <@fstream.hfa@>
|
|---|
| 214 |
|
|---|
| 215 | int i; double d; char c;
|
|---|
| 216 | sin | i | d | c;
|
|---|
| 217 | sout | i | d | c
|
|---|
| 218 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 219 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 220 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 221 |
|
|---|
| 222 |
|
|---|
| 223 | \section{Looping}
|
|---|
| 224 |
|
|---|
| 225 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 226 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
|
|---|
| 227 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 228 | for ( @;;@ ) { ... } / while ( @true@ ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 229 | for ( int i = 0; i < @10@; i += 1 ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 230 | for ( int i = @5@; i < @15@; i += @2@ ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 231 | for ( int i = -1; i <@=@ 10; i += 3 ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 232 | for ( int i = 10; i > 0; i @-@= 1 ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 233 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 234 | &
|
|---|
| 235 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 236 | for () { ... } / while () { ... }
|
|---|
| 237 | for ( @10@ ) { ... } / for ( i; @10@ ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 238 | for ( i; @5@ ~ @15@ ~ @2@ ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 239 | for ( i; -1 ~@=@ 10 ~ 3 ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 240 | for ( i; 0 @-@~ 10 ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 241 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 242 | \\
|
|---|
| 243 | \hline
|
|---|
| 244 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 245 | int i = 0
|
|---|
| 246 | for ( i = 0; i < 10; i += 1 ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 247 | @if ( i == 10 )@ { ... }
|
|---|
| 248 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 249 | &
|
|---|
| 250 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 251 |
|
|---|
| 252 | for ( i; 10 ) { ... }
|
|---|
| 253 | @else@ { ... } // i == 10
|
|---|
| 254 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 255 | \\
|
|---|
| 256 | \hline
|
|---|
| 257 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 258 | @L1:@ for ( ;; ) {
|
|---|
| 259 | @L2:@ for ( ;; ) {
|
|---|
| 260 | ... if ( ... ) @break L1@; ...
|
|---|
| 261 | ... if ( ... ) @break L2@; ...
|
|---|
| 262 | }
|
|---|
| 263 | }
|
|---|
| 264 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 265 | &
|
|---|
| 266 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 267 | @L1:@ for () {
|
|---|
| 268 | @L2:@ for () {
|
|---|
| 269 | ... if ( ... ) @break L1@; ...
|
|---|
| 270 | ... if ( ... ) @break L2@; ...
|
|---|
| 271 | }
|
|---|
| 272 | }
|
|---|
| 273 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 274 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 275 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 276 |
|
|---|
| 277 |
|
|---|
| 278 | \section{Exception}
|
|---|
| 279 |
|
|---|
| 280 | Currently, \CFA uses macros @ExceptionDecl@ and @ExceptionInst@ to declare and instantiate an exception.
|
|---|
| 281 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 282 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 283 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 284 |
|
|---|
| 285 | @_Exception@ E { // local or global scope
|
|---|
| 286 | ... // exception fields
|
|---|
| 287 | };
|
|---|
| 288 | try {
|
|---|
| 289 | ...
|
|---|
| 290 | if ( ... ) @_Resume@ E( /* initialization */ );
|
|---|
| 291 | if ( ... ) @_Throw@ E( /* initialization */ );
|
|---|
| 292 | ...
|
|---|
| 293 | } @_CatchResume@( E & ) { ... // reference
|
|---|
| 294 | } catch( E & ) { ...
|
|---|
| 295 | } catch( ... ) { ... // catch any
|
|---|
| 296 | } _Finally { ...
|
|---|
| 297 | }
|
|---|
| 298 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 299 | &
|
|---|
| 300 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 301 | #include <Exception.hfa>
|
|---|
| 302 | @ExceptionDecl@( E, // must be global scope
|
|---|
| 303 | ... // exception fields
|
|---|
| 304 | );
|
|---|
| 305 | try {
|
|---|
| 306 | ...
|
|---|
| 307 | if ( ... ) @throwResume@ @ExceptionInst@( E, /* intialization */ );
|
|---|
| 308 | if ( ... ) @throw@ @ExceptionInst@( E, /* intialization */ );
|
|---|
| 309 | ...
|
|---|
| 310 | } @catchResume@( E * ) { ... // pointer
|
|---|
| 311 | } catch( E * ) { ...
|
|---|
| 312 | } catch( exception_t * ) { ... // catch any
|
|---|
| 313 | } finally { ...
|
|---|
| 314 | }
|
|---|
| 315 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 316 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 317 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 318 |
|
|---|
| 319 |
|
|---|
| 320 | \section{Non-local Exception}
|
|---|
| 321 |
|
|---|
| 322 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 323 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 324 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 325 |
|
|---|
| 326 |
|
|---|
| 327 | void main() {
|
|---|
| 328 | try {
|
|---|
| 329 | _Enable {
|
|---|
| 330 | ... suspend(); ...
|
|---|
| 331 | }
|
|---|
| 332 | } @_CatchResume@( E & ) { // reference
|
|---|
| 333 | ...
|
|---|
| 334 | } catch( E & ) {
|
|---|
| 335 | ...
|
|---|
| 336 | }
|
|---|
| 337 | }
|
|---|
| 338 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 339 | &
|
|---|
| 340 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 341 | #define resumePoll( coroutine ) resume( coroutine ); checked_poll()
|
|---|
| 342 | #define suspendPoll suspend; checked_poll()
|
|---|
| 343 | void main() {
|
|---|
| 344 | try {
|
|---|
| 345 | enable_ehm();
|
|---|
| 346 | ... suspendPoll ...
|
|---|
| 347 | disable_ehm();
|
|---|
| 348 | } @catchResume@( E * ) { // pointer
|
|---|
| 349 | ...
|
|---|
| 350 | } catch( E & ) {
|
|---|
| 351 | ...
|
|---|
| 352 | }
|
|---|
| 353 | }
|
|---|
| 354 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 355 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 356 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 357 |
|
|---|
| 358 |
|
|---|
| 359 | \section{Constructor / Destructor}
|
|---|
| 360 |
|
|---|
| 361 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 362 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
|
|---|
| 363 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 364 |
|
|---|
| 365 | struct S {
|
|---|
| 366 | int i, j;
|
|---|
| 367 |
|
|---|
| 368 | @S@( int i, int j ) { S::i = i; S::j = j; }
|
|---|
| 369 | @~S@() {}
|
|---|
| 370 | };
|
|---|
| 371 | S s1 = { 1, 2 };
|
|---|
| 372 |
|
|---|
| 373 | S * s2 = new S{ 1, 2 };
|
|---|
| 374 | delete s2;
|
|---|
| 375 | s2 = new S{ 1, 2 };
|
|---|
| 376 | delete s2;
|
|---|
| 377 | S & s3 = *new S{ 1, 2 };
|
|---|
| 378 | delete &s3;
|
|---|
| 379 | s3 = *new S{ 1, 2 };
|
|---|
| 380 | delete &s3;
|
|---|
| 381 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 382 | &
|
|---|
| 383 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 384 | #include <stdlib.hfa> // new (malloc)
|
|---|
| 385 | struct S {
|
|---|
| 386 | int i, j;
|
|---|
| 387 | };
|
|---|
| 388 | void @?{}@( S & s, int i, int j ) { s.i = i; s.j = j; }
|
|---|
| 389 | void @^?{}@( S & s ) { s.i = 0; s.j = 0; }
|
|---|
| 390 |
|
|---|
| 391 | S s1 = { 1, 2 };
|
|---|
| 392 | // cannot use 0/1 (zero_t/one_t) with "new"
|
|---|
| 393 | S * s2 = new( 1@n@, 2 ); // n => (int)
|
|---|
| 394 | delete( s2 );
|
|---|
| 395 | s2 = new( 1n, 2 );
|
|---|
| 396 | delete( s2 );
|
|---|
| 397 | S & s3 = *new( 1n, 2 );
|
|---|
| 398 | delete( s3 );
|
|---|
| 399 | &s3 = &*new( 1n, 2 );
|
|---|
| 400 | delete( s3 );
|
|---|
| 401 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 402 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 403 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 404 |
|
|---|
| 405 |
|
|---|
| 406 | \section{\texorpdfstring{Structures (object-oriented \protect\vs routine style)}{Structures (object-oriented vs. routine style)}}
|
|---|
| 407 |
|
|---|
| 408 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 409 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
|
|---|
| 410 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 411 | struct S {
|
|---|
| 412 | int i = 0; // cheat, implicit default constructor
|
|---|
| 413 | int setter( int j ) { int t = i; i = j; return t; }
|
|---|
| 414 | int getter() { return i; }
|
|---|
| 415 | };
|
|---|
| 416 | S s;
|
|---|
| 417 | @s.@setter( 3 ); // object calls
|
|---|
| 418 | int k = @s.@getter();
|
|---|
| 419 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 420 | &
|
|---|
| 421 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 422 | struct S { int i; };
|
|---|
| 423 | void ?{}( S & s ) { s.i = 0; } // explicit default constructor
|
|---|
| 424 | int setter( @S & s,@ int j ) @with( s )@ { int t = i; i = j; return t; }
|
|---|
| 425 | int getter( @S & s@ ) @with( s )@ { return i; }
|
|---|
| 426 |
|
|---|
| 427 | S s;
|
|---|
| 428 | setter( @s,@ 3 ); // normal calls
|
|---|
| 429 | int k = getter( @s@ );
|
|---|
| 430 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 431 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 432 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 433 |
|
|---|
| 434 |
|
|---|
| 435 | \section{String}
|
|---|
| 436 |
|
|---|
| 437 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 438 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
|
|---|
| 439 | \multicolumn{2}{@{}l@{}}{\lstinline{string s1, s2;}} \\
|
|---|
| 440 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 441 | s1 = "abcdefg";
|
|---|
| 442 | s2 = s1;
|
|---|
| 443 | s1 += s2;
|
|---|
| 444 | s1 == s2; s1 != s2;
|
|---|
| 445 | s1 < s2; s1 <= s2; s1 > s2; s1 >= s2;
|
|---|
| 446 | s1.length();
|
|---|
| 447 | s1[3];
|
|---|
| 448 | s1.substr( 2 ); s1.substr( 2, 3 );
|
|---|
| 449 | s1.replace( 2, 5, s2 );
|
|---|
| 450 | s1.find( s2 ); s1.rfind( s2 );
|
|---|
| 451 | s1.find_first_of( s2 ); s1.find_last_of( s2 );
|
|---|
| 452 | s1.find_first_not_of( s2 ); s1.find_last_not_of( s2 );
|
|---|
| 453 | getline( cin, s1 );
|
|---|
| 454 | cout << s1 << endl;
|
|---|
| 455 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 456 | &
|
|---|
| 457 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 458 | s1 = "abcdefg";
|
|---|
| 459 | s2 = s1;
|
|---|
| 460 | s1 += s2;
|
|---|
| 461 | s1 == s2; s1 != s2;
|
|---|
| 462 | s1 < s2; s1 <= s2; s1 > s2; s1 >= s2;
|
|---|
| 463 | size( s1 );
|
|---|
| 464 | s1[3];
|
|---|
| 465 | s1( 2 ); s1( 2, 3 );
|
|---|
| 466 | // replace( s1, 2, 5, s2 );
|
|---|
| 467 | // find( s1, s2 ), rfind( s1, s2 );
|
|---|
| 468 | // find_first_of( s2 ); find_last_of( s2 );
|
|---|
| 469 | // find_first_not_of( s1, s2 ); find_last_not_of( s1, s2 );
|
|---|
| 470 | sin | getline( s1 );
|
|---|
| 471 | sout | s1;
|
|---|
| 472 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 473 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 474 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 475 |
|
|---|
| 476 |
|
|---|
| 477 | \section{\texorpdfstring{\lstinline{uArray}}{uArray}}
|
|---|
| 478 |
|
|---|
| 479 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 480 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|l@{}}
|
|---|
| 481 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 482 | #include <iostream>
|
|---|
| 483 | using namespace std;
|
|---|
| 484 | struct S {
|
|---|
| 485 | int i;
|
|---|
| 486 | S( int i ) { S::i = i; cout << "ctor " << S::i << endl; }
|
|---|
| 487 | ~S() { S::i = i; cout << "dtor " << S::i << endl; }
|
|---|
| 488 | };
|
|---|
| 489 | int main() {
|
|---|
| 490 | enum { N = 5 };
|
|---|
| 491 | @uArray( S, s, N );@ // no constructor calls
|
|---|
| 492 | for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) @s[i]( i )@; // constructor calls
|
|---|
| 493 | for ( int i = 0; i < N; i += 1 ) cout << s[i]@->@i << endl;
|
|---|
| 494 | }
|
|---|
| 495 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 496 | &
|
|---|
| 497 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 498 | #include <fstream.hfa>
|
|---|
| 499 | #include <array.hfa>
|
|---|
| 500 | struct S {
|
|---|
| 501 | int i;
|
|---|
| 502 | };
|
|---|
| 503 | void ?{}( S & s, int i ) { s.i = i; sout | "ctor" | s.i; }
|
|---|
| 504 | void ^?{}( S & s ) { sout | "dtor" | s.i; }
|
|---|
| 505 | int main() {
|
|---|
| 506 | enum { N = 5 };
|
|---|
| 507 | @array( S, N ) s = { delay_init };@ // no constructor calls
|
|---|
| 508 | for ( i; N ) @s[i]{ i }@; // constructor calls
|
|---|
| 509 | for ( i; N ) sout | s[i]@.@i;
|
|---|
| 510 | }
|
|---|
| 511 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 512 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 513 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 514 |
|
|---|
| 515 |
|
|---|
| 516 | \section{Coroutine}
|
|---|
| 517 |
|
|---|
| 518 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 519 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 520 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 521 |
|
|---|
| 522 | @_Coroutine@ C {
|
|---|
| 523 | // private coroutine fields
|
|---|
| 524 | void main() {
|
|---|
| 525 | ... @suspend();@ ...
|
|---|
| 526 | ... @_Resume E( ... ) _At partner;@
|
|---|
| 527 | ... @uThisCoroutine();@ ...
|
|---|
| 528 |
|
|---|
| 529 | }
|
|---|
| 530 | public:
|
|---|
| 531 | void mem( ... ) {
|
|---|
| 532 | ... @resume();@ ...
|
|---|
| 533 | }
|
|---|
| 534 | };
|
|---|
| 535 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 536 | &
|
|---|
| 537 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 538 | #include <$coroutine$.hfa>
|
|---|
| 539 | @coroutine@ C {
|
|---|
| 540 | // private coroutine fields
|
|---|
| 541 |
|
|---|
| 542 | };
|
|---|
| 543 | void main( C & c ) {
|
|---|
| 544 | ... @suspend;@ ... // keyword not routine
|
|---|
| 545 | ... @resumeAt( partner, ExceptionInst( E, ... ) );@
|
|---|
| 546 | ... @active_coroutine();@ ...
|
|---|
| 547 | }
|
|---|
| 548 | void mem( C & c, ... ) {
|
|---|
| 549 | ... @resume( c );@ ...
|
|---|
| 550 | }
|
|---|
| 551 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 552 | \\
|
|---|
| 553 | \multicolumn{2}{@{}l@{}}{\lstinline{C c;}}
|
|---|
| 554 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 555 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 556 |
|
|---|
| 557 |
|
|---|
| 558 | \section{Thread}
|
|---|
| 559 |
|
|---|
| 560 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 561 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 562 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 563 |
|
|---|
| 564 | @_Task@ T {
|
|---|
| 565 | // private task fields
|
|---|
| 566 | void main() {
|
|---|
| 567 | ... @_Resume E( ... ) _At partner@;
|
|---|
| 568 | ... @uThisTask();@ ...
|
|---|
| 569 | }
|
|---|
| 570 | public:
|
|---|
| 571 | };
|
|---|
| 572 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 573 | &
|
|---|
| 574 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 575 | #include <$thread$.hfa>
|
|---|
| 576 | @thread@ T {
|
|---|
| 577 | // private task fields
|
|---|
| 578 |
|
|---|
| 579 | };
|
|---|
| 580 | void main( @T & t@ ) {
|
|---|
| 581 | ... @resumeAt( partner, ExceptionInst( E, ... )@ );
|
|---|
| 582 | ... @active_thread();@ ...
|
|---|
| 583 | }
|
|---|
| 584 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 585 | \\
|
|---|
| 586 | \multicolumn{2}{@{}l@{}}{\lstinline{T t; // start thread in main routine}}
|
|---|
| 587 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 588 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 589 |
|
|---|
| 590 |
|
|---|
| 591 | \section{\lstinline{COBEGIN}/\lstinline{COFOR}}
|
|---|
| 592 |
|
|---|
| 593 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 594 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 595 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 596 |
|
|---|
| 597 | #include <uCobegin.h>
|
|---|
| 598 | int main() {
|
|---|
| 599 | @COBEGIN@
|
|---|
| 600 | BEGIN osacquire( cout ) << "A" << endl; END
|
|---|
| 601 | BEGIN osacquire( cout ) << "B" << endl; END
|
|---|
| 602 | BEGIN osacquire( cout ) << "C" << endl; END
|
|---|
| 603 | BEGIN osacquire( cout ) << "D" << endl; END
|
|---|
| 604 | BEGIN osacquire( cout ) << "E" << endl; END
|
|---|
| 605 | @COEND@
|
|---|
| 606 | @COFOR@( i, 1, 10,
|
|---|
| 607 | osacquire( cout ) << i << endl;
|
|---|
| 608 | )
|
|---|
| 609 | }
|
|---|
| 610 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 611 | &
|
|---|
| 612 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 613 | #include <mutex_stmt.hfa>
|
|---|
| 614 | #include <$cofor$.hfa>
|
|---|
| 615 | int main() {
|
|---|
| 616 | {
|
|---|
| 617 | @corun@ { mutex( sout ) sout | "A"; }
|
|---|
| 618 | corun { mutex( sout ) sout | "B"; }
|
|---|
| 619 | corun { mutex( sout ) sout | "C"; }
|
|---|
| 620 | corun { mutex( sout ) sout | "D"; }
|
|---|
| 621 | corun { mutex( sout ) sout | "E"; }
|
|---|
| 622 | }
|
|---|
| 623 | @cofor@( i; 10 ) {
|
|---|
| 624 | mutex( sout ) sout | i;
|
|---|
| 625 | }
|
|---|
| 626 | }
|
|---|
| 627 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 628 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 629 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 630 |
|
|---|
| 631 |
|
|---|
| 632 | \section{Actor}
|
|---|
| 633 |
|
|---|
| 634 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 635 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 636 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 637 | #include <iostream>
|
|---|
| 638 | using namespace std;
|
|---|
| 639 | #include <uActor.h>
|
|---|
| 640 |
|
|---|
| 641 | struct StrMsg : @public uActor::Message@ {
|
|---|
| 642 |
|
|---|
| 643 | const char * val; // string message
|
|---|
| 644 |
|
|---|
| 645 | StrMsg( const char * val ) :
|
|---|
| 646 | @Message( uActor::Delete )@, // delete after use
|
|---|
| 647 | val( val ) {}
|
|---|
| 648 | };
|
|---|
| 649 | _Actor Hello { ${\color{red}\LstCommentStyle{// : public uActor}}$
|
|---|
| 650 | Allocation receive( Message & msg ) {
|
|---|
| 651 | Case( @StartMsg@, msg ) { // discriminate
|
|---|
| 652 |
|
|---|
| 653 | } else Case( StrMsg, msg ) {
|
|---|
| 654 | osacquire( cout ) << msg_d->val << endl;
|
|---|
| 655 |
|
|---|
| 656 | } else Case( @StopMsg@, msg )
|
|---|
| 657 | return Delete; // delete actor
|
|---|
| 658 | return Nodelete; // reuse actor
|
|---|
| 659 | }
|
|---|
| 660 | };
|
|---|
| 661 | int main() {
|
|---|
| 662 | @uActor::start();@ // start actor system
|
|---|
| 663 | *new Hello() | uActor::startMsg
|
|---|
| 664 | | *new StrMsg( "hello" ) | uActor::stopMsg;
|
|---|
| 665 | *new Hello() | uActor::startMsg
|
|---|
| 666 | | *new StrMsg( "bonjour" ) | uActor::stopMsg;
|
|---|
| 667 | @uActor::stop();@ // wait for actors to terminate
|
|---|
| 668 | }
|
|---|
| 669 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 670 | &
|
|---|
| 671 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 672 | #include <fstream.hfa>
|
|---|
| 673 | #include <mutex_stmt.hfa>
|
|---|
| 674 | #include <actor.hfa>
|
|---|
| 675 |
|
|---|
| 676 | struct StrMsg {
|
|---|
| 677 | @inline message;@ // derived message
|
|---|
| 678 | const char * val; // string message
|
|---|
| 679 | };
|
|---|
| 680 | void ?{}( StrMsg & msg, const char * str ) {
|
|---|
| 681 | @set_allocation( msg, Delete );@ // delete after use
|
|---|
| 682 | msg.val = str;
|
|---|
| 683 | }
|
|---|
| 684 | struct Hello { @inline actor;@ }; // derived actor
|
|---|
| 685 | allocation receive( Hello & receiver, @start_msg_t@ & ) {
|
|---|
| 686 | return Nodelete;
|
|---|
| 687 | }
|
|---|
| 688 | allocation receive( Hello & receiver, StrMsg & msg ) {
|
|---|
| 689 | mutex( sout ) sout | msg.val;
|
|---|
| 690 | return Nodelete; // reuse actor
|
|---|
| 691 | }
|
|---|
| 692 | allocation receive( Hello & receiver, @stop_msg_t@ & ) {
|
|---|
| 693 | return Delete; // delete actor
|
|---|
| 694 | }
|
|---|
| 695 |
|
|---|
| 696 | int main() {
|
|---|
| 697 | @actor_start();@ // start actor system
|
|---|
| 698 | *(Hello *)new() | start_msg
|
|---|
| 699 | | *(StrMsg *)new( "hello" ) | stop_msg;
|
|---|
| 700 | *(Hello *)new() | start_msg
|
|---|
| 701 | | *(StrMsg *)new( "bonjour" ) | stop_msg;
|
|---|
| 702 | @actor_stop();@ // wait for actors to terminate
|
|---|
| 703 | }
|
|---|
| 704 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 705 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 706 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 707 |
|
|---|
| 708 |
|
|---|
| 709 | \section{Locks}
|
|---|
| 710 |
|
|---|
| 711 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 712 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 713 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 714 |
|
|---|
| 715 | uOwnerLock m;
|
|---|
| 716 | uCondLock s;
|
|---|
| 717 | m.acquire();
|
|---|
| 718 | if ( ! s.empty() ) s.wait( m );
|
|---|
| 719 | else {
|
|---|
| 720 | m.release();
|
|---|
| 721 | }
|
|---|
| 722 | @osacquire( cout )@ << i << endl;
|
|---|
| 723 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 724 | &
|
|---|
| 725 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 726 | #include <locks.hfa>
|
|---|
| 727 | owner_lock m;
|
|---|
| 728 | condition_variable( owner_lock ) s; // generic type on mutex lock
|
|---|
| 729 | lock( m );
|
|---|
| 730 | if ( ! empty( s ) ) wait( s, m );
|
|---|
| 731 | else {
|
|---|
| 732 | unlock( m );
|
|---|
| 733 | }
|
|---|
| 734 | @mutex( sout )@ sout | i; // thread safe I/O
|
|---|
| 735 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 736 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 737 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 738 |
|
|---|
| 739 |
|
|---|
| 740 | \section{Barrier}
|
|---|
| 741 |
|
|---|
| 742 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 743 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 744 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 745 | #include <iostream>
|
|---|
| 746 | using namespace std;
|
|---|
| 747 | #include <uBarrier.h>
|
|---|
| 748 |
|
|---|
| 749 | @_Cormonitor@ Barrier
|
|---|
| 750 | : @public uBarrier@ { // inheritance
|
|---|
| 751 | int total;
|
|---|
| 752 | void @last@() { cout << total << endl; }
|
|---|
| 753 | public:
|
|---|
| 754 | Barrier( unsigned int group ) :
|
|---|
| 755 | @uBarrier( group )@ {
|
|---|
| 756 | total = 0;
|
|---|
| 757 | }
|
|---|
| 758 | void @block@( int subtotal ) {
|
|---|
| 759 |
|
|---|
| 760 |
|
|---|
| 761 | total += subtotal;
|
|---|
| 762 | @uBarrier::block();@
|
|---|
| 763 | }
|
|---|
| 764 | };
|
|---|
| 765 | enum { N = 3 };
|
|---|
| 766 | Barrier b{ N };
|
|---|
| 767 |
|
|---|
| 768 | _Task T {
|
|---|
| 769 | void main() {
|
|---|
| 770 | for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i += 1 ) {
|
|---|
| 771 | b.block( 1 );
|
|---|
| 772 | }
|
|---|
| 773 | }
|
|---|
| 774 | };
|
|---|
| 775 | int main() {
|
|---|
| 776 | uProcessor p[N - 1];
|
|---|
| 777 | T t[N];
|
|---|
| 778 | }
|
|---|
| 779 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 780 | &
|
|---|
| 781 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 782 | #include <fstream.hfa>
|
|---|
| 783 | #include <$thread$.hfa>
|
|---|
| 784 | #include <barrier.hfa>
|
|---|
| 785 | #include <mutex_stmt.hfa>
|
|---|
| 786 | struct Barrier {
|
|---|
| 787 | @barrier b;@ // containment
|
|---|
| 788 | int total;
|
|---|
| 789 |
|
|---|
| 790 | };
|
|---|
| 791 | void ?{}( Barrier & B, unsigned int group ) with(B) {
|
|---|
| 792 | @?{}( b, group );@ // initialize barrier
|
|---|
| 793 | total = 0;
|
|---|
| 794 | }
|
|---|
| 795 | unsigned int block( Barrier & B, int subtotal ) with(B) {
|
|---|
| 796 | void @last@() { sout | total; } // called by Gth arriving thread
|
|---|
| 797 | @mutex( b )@ { // use barrier's mutual exclusion
|
|---|
| 798 | total += subtotal;
|
|---|
| 799 | return @block@( b, last ); // wait for barrier trigger
|
|---|
| 800 | }
|
|---|
| 801 | }
|
|---|
| 802 | enum { N = 3 };
|
|---|
| 803 | Barrier b{ N };
|
|---|
| 804 |
|
|---|
| 805 | thread T {};
|
|---|
| 806 | void main( T & ) {
|
|---|
| 807 | for ( 10 ) {
|
|---|
| 808 | block( b, 1 );
|
|---|
| 809 | }
|
|---|
| 810 | }
|
|---|
| 811 |
|
|---|
| 812 | int main() {
|
|---|
| 813 | processor p[N - 1];
|
|---|
| 814 | T t[N];
|
|---|
| 815 | }
|
|---|
| 816 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 817 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 818 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 819 |
|
|---|
| 820 | \newpage
|
|---|
| 821 |
|
|---|
| 822 | \section{Monitor}
|
|---|
| 823 |
|
|---|
| 824 | Internal Scheduling
|
|---|
| 825 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 826 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 827 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 828 |
|
|---|
| 829 | @_Monitor@ BoundedBufferI {
|
|---|
| 830 | @uCondition@ full, empty;
|
|---|
| 831 | int front = 0, back = 0, count = 0;
|
|---|
| 832 | int elements[20];
|
|---|
| 833 | public:
|
|---|
| 834 |
|
|---|
| 835 |
|
|---|
| 836 |
|
|---|
| 837 | @_Nomutex@ int query() const { return count; }
|
|---|
| 838 |
|
|---|
| 839 | void insert( int elem ) {
|
|---|
| 840 | if ( count == 20 ) @empty.wait();@
|
|---|
| 841 | elements[back] = elem;
|
|---|
| 842 | back = ( back + 1 ) % 20;
|
|---|
| 843 | count += 1;
|
|---|
| 844 | @full.signal();@
|
|---|
| 845 | }
|
|---|
| 846 | int remove() {
|
|---|
| 847 | if ( count == 0 ) @full.wait();@
|
|---|
| 848 | int elem = elements[front];
|
|---|
| 849 | front = ( front + 1 ) % 20;
|
|---|
| 850 | count -= 1;
|
|---|
| 851 | @empty.signal();@
|
|---|
| 852 | return elem;
|
|---|
| 853 | }
|
|---|
| 854 | };
|
|---|
| 855 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 856 | &
|
|---|
| 857 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 858 | #include <$monitor$.hfa>
|
|---|
| 859 | @monitor@ BoundedBufferI {
|
|---|
| 860 | @condition@ full, empty;
|
|---|
| 861 | int front, back, count;
|
|---|
| 862 | int elements[20];
|
|---|
| 863 | };
|
|---|
| 864 | void ?{}( BoundedBufferI & buf ) with( buf ) {
|
|---|
| 865 | front = back = count = 0;
|
|---|
| 866 | }
|
|---|
| 867 | int query( BoundedBufferI & buf ) { return buf.count; }
|
|---|
| 868 | int remove( BoundedBufferI & @mutex@ buf ); // forward
|
|---|
| 869 | void insert( BoundedBufferI & @mutex@ buf, int elem ) with( buf ) {
|
|---|
| 870 | if ( count == 20 ) @wait( empty );@
|
|---|
| 871 | elements[back] = elem;
|
|---|
| 872 | back = ( back + 1 ) % 20;
|
|---|
| 873 | count += 1
|
|---|
| 874 | @signal( full );@
|
|---|
| 875 | }
|
|---|
| 876 | int remove( BoundedBufferI & @mutex@ buf ) with( buf ) {
|
|---|
| 877 | if ( count == 0 ) @wait( full );@
|
|---|
| 878 | int elem = elements[front];
|
|---|
| 879 | front = ( front + 1 ) % 20;
|
|---|
| 880 | count -= 1;
|
|---|
| 881 | @signal( empty );@
|
|---|
| 882 | return elem;
|
|---|
| 883 | }
|
|---|
| 884 |
|
|---|
| 885 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 886 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 887 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 888 |
|
|---|
| 889 | \enlargethispage{1000pt}
|
|---|
| 890 |
|
|---|
| 891 | \noindent
|
|---|
| 892 | External Scheduling
|
|---|
| 893 | \begin{cquote}
|
|---|
| 894 | \begin{tabular}{@{}l|ll@{}}
|
|---|
| 895 | \begin{uC++}
|
|---|
| 896 |
|
|---|
| 897 | _Monitor BoundedBuffer {
|
|---|
| 898 | int front = 0, back = 0, count = 0;
|
|---|
| 899 | int elements[20];
|
|---|
| 900 | public:
|
|---|
| 901 | _Nomutex int query() const { return count; }
|
|---|
| 902 | void insert( int elem );
|
|---|
| 903 | int remove();
|
|---|
| 904 | };
|
|---|
| 905 |
|
|---|
| 906 | void BoundedBuffer::insert( int elem ) {
|
|---|
| 907 | if ( count == 20 ) @_Accept( remove );@
|
|---|
| 908 | elements[back] = elem;
|
|---|
| 909 | back = ( back + 1 ) % 20;
|
|---|
| 910 | count += 1;
|
|---|
| 911 | }
|
|---|
| 912 | int BoundedBuffer::remove() {
|
|---|
| 913 | if ( count == 0 ) @_Accept( insert );@
|
|---|
| 914 | int elem = elements[front];
|
|---|
| 915 | front = ( front + 1 ) % 20;
|
|---|
| 916 | count -= 1;
|
|---|
| 917 | return elem;
|
|---|
| 918 | }
|
|---|
| 919 | \end{uC++}
|
|---|
| 920 | &
|
|---|
| 921 | \begin{cfa}
|
|---|
| 922 | #include <$monitor$.hfa>
|
|---|
| 923 | monitor BoundedBuffer {
|
|---|
| 924 | int front, back, count;
|
|---|
| 925 | int elements[20];
|
|---|
| 926 | };
|
|---|
| 927 | void ?{}( BoundedBuffer & buf ) with( buf ) {
|
|---|
| 928 | front = back = count = 0;
|
|---|
| 929 | }
|
|---|
| 930 | int query( BoundedBuffer & buf ) { return buf.count; }
|
|---|
| 931 | int remove( BoundedBuffer & @mutex@ buf ); // forward
|
|---|
| 932 | void insert( BoundedBuffer & @mutex@ buf, int elem ) with( buf ) {
|
|---|
| 933 | if ( count == 20 ) @waitfor( remove : buf );@
|
|---|
| 934 | elements[back] = elem;
|
|---|
| 935 | back = ( back + 1 ) % 20;
|
|---|
| 936 | count += 1;
|
|---|
| 937 | }
|
|---|
| 938 | int remove( BoundedBuffer & @mutex@ buf ) with( buf ) {
|
|---|
| 939 | if ( count == 0 ) @waitfor( insert : buf );@
|
|---|
| 940 | int elem = elements[front];
|
|---|
| 941 | front = ( front + 1 ) % 20;
|
|---|
| 942 | count -= 1;
|
|---|
| 943 | return elem;
|
|---|
| 944 | }
|
|---|
| 945 | \end{cfa}
|
|---|
| 946 | \end{tabular}
|
|---|
| 947 | \end{cquote}
|
|---|
| 948 |
|
|---|
| 949 |
|
|---|
| 950 | \input{uC++toCFA.ind}
|
|---|
| 951 |
|
|---|
| 952 | % \bibliographystyle{plain}
|
|---|
| 953 | % \bibliography{pl}
|
|---|
| 954 |
|
|---|
| 955 | \end{document}
|
|---|
| 956 |
|
|---|
| 957 | % Local Variables: %
|
|---|
| 958 | % tab-width: 4 %
|
|---|
| 959 | % fill-column: 100 %
|
|---|
| 960 | % compile-command: "make" %
|
|---|
| 961 | % End: %
|
|---|
