//
// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
//
// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
//
// iostream.cfa --
//
// Author           : Peter A. Buhr
// Created On       : Wed May 27 17:56:53 2015
// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
// Last Modified On : Sun Oct 13 10:53:09 2024
// Update Count     : 2041
//

#include "iostream.hfa"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>									// true/false
#include <stdint.h>										// UINT64_MAX
#include <float.h>										// DBL_DIG, LDBL_DIG
#include <complex.h>									// creal, cimag
#include <ctype.h>										// isspace
//#include <stdio.h>

extern "C" {
extern size_t strlen (const char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__pure__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1)));
extern int strcmp (const char *__s1, const char *__s2) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__pure__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
extern char *strcpy (char *__restrict __dest, const char *__restrict __src) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
extern void *memcpy (void *__restrict __dest, const void *__restrict __src, size_t __n) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
extern char *strchr(const char *str, int ch);
} // extern "C"

#include "math.hfa"										// isfinite, floor, ceiling_div
#include "bitmanip.hfa"									// high1

#pragma GCC visibility push(default)


// *********************************** ostream ***********************************


forall( ostype & | basic_ostream( ostype ) ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, bool b ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%s", b ? "true" : "false" );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, bool )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, char c ) {
		fmt( os, "%c", c );
		if ( c == '\n' ) setNL$( os, true );
		return nosep( os );
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, char )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, signed char sc ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'hhd", sc );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, signed char )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned char usc ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'hhu", usc );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, unsigned char )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, short int si ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'hd", si );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, short int )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned short int usi ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'hu", usi );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, unsigned short int )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, int i ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'d", i );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, int )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned int ui ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'u", ui );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, unsigned int )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, long int li ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'ld", li );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, long int )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned long int uli ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'lu", uli );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, unsigned long int )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, long long int lli ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'lld", lli );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, long long int )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned long long int ulli ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%'llu", ulli );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, unsigned long long int )

	#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
	//      UINT64_MAX 18_446_744_073_709_551_615_ULL
	#define P10_UINT64 10_000_000_000_000_000_000_ULL	// 19 zeroes

	static inline void base10_128( ostype & os, unsigned int128 val ) {
		#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC_PREREQ(7,0)		// gcc version >= 7
		if ( val > P10_UINT64 ) {
		#else
		if ( (uint64_t)(val >> 64) != 0 || (uint64_t)val > P10_UINT64 ) { // patch gcc 5 & 6 -O3 bug
		#endif // __GNUC_PREREQ(7,0)
			base10_128( os, val / P10_UINT64 );			// recursive
			fmt( os, "%.19lu", (uint64_t)(val % P10_UINT64) );
		} else {
			fmt( os, "%lu", (uint64_t)val );
		} // if
	} // base10_128

	static inline void base10_128( ostype & os, int128 val ) {
		if ( val < 0 ) {
			fmt( os, "-" );								// leading negative sign
			val = -val;
		} // if
		base10_128( os, (unsigned int128)val );			// print zero/positive value
	} // base10_128

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, int128 llli ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		base10_128( os, llli );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, int128 )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned int128 ullli ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		base10_128( os, ullli );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, unsigned int128 )
	#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__

	#define PRINT_WITH_DP( os, format, val, ... ) \
		{ \
			enum { size = 48 }; \
			char buf[size]; \
			int len = snprintf( buf, size, format, ##__VA_ARGS__, val ); \
			fmt( os, "%s", buf ); \
			if ( isfinite( val ) ) { /* if number, print decimal point when no fraction or exponent */ \
				for ( i; 0 ~ @ ) { \
					if ( i == len ) { fmt( os, "." ); break; } \
					if ( buf[i] == '.' || buf[i] == 'e' || buf[i] == 'E' || \
						 buf[i] == 'p' || buf[i] == 'P' ) break; /* decimal point or scientific ? */ \
				} /* for */ \
			} /* if */ \
		}

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, float f ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'g", f );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, float )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, double d ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'.*lg", d, DBL_DIG );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, double )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, long double ld ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'.*Lg", ld, LDBL_DIG );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, long double )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, float _Complex fc ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
//		os | crealf( fc ) | nonl;
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'g", crealf( fc ) );
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'+g", cimagf( fc ) );
		fmt( os, "i" );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, float _Complex )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, double _Complex dc ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
//		os | creal( dc ) | nonl;
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'.*lg", creal( dc ), DBL_DIG );
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'+.*lg", cimag( dc ), DBL_DIG );
		fmt( os, "i" );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, double _Complex )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, long double _Complex ldc ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
//		os | creall( ldc ) || nonl;
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'.*Lg", creall( ldc ), LDBL_DIG );
		PRINT_WITH_DP( os, "%'+.*Lg", cimagl( ldc ), LDBL_DIG );
		fmt( os, "i" );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, long double _Complex )

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const char s[] ) {
		enum { Open = 1, Close, OpenClose };
		static const unsigned char mask[256] @= {		// 256 covers all Latin-1 characters
			// opening delimiters, no space after
			['('] = Open, ['['] = Open, ['{'] = Open,
			['='] = Open, ['$'] = Open, [(unsigned char)'£'] = Open, [(unsigned char)'¥'] = Open,
			[(unsigned char)'¡'] = Open, [(unsigned char)'¿'] = Open, [(unsigned char)'«'] = Open,
			// closing delimiters, no space before
			[','] = Close, ['.'] = Close, [';'] = Close, ['!'] = Close, ['?'] = Close,
			['%'] = Close, [(unsigned char)'¢'] = Close, [(unsigned char)'»'] = Close,
			[')'] = Close, [']'] = Close, ['}'] = Close,
			// opening-closing delimiters, no space before or after
			['\''] = OpenClose, ['`'] = OpenClose, ['"'] = OpenClose, [':'] = OpenClose,
			[' '] = OpenClose, ['\f'] = OpenClose, ['\n'] = OpenClose, ['\r'] = OpenClose, ['\t'] = OpenClose, ['\v'] = OpenClose, // isspace
		}; // mask

	  if ( s == 0p ) { fmt( os, "%s", "0p" ); return os; } // null pointer
	  if ( s[0] == '\0' ) { nosep( os ); return os; }	// null string => no leading/trailing separator

		// first character IS NOT spacing or closing punctuation => add left separator
		unsigned char ch = s[0];						// must make unsigned
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) && mask[ ch ] != Close && mask[ ch ] != OpenClose ) {
			fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		} // if

		// if string starts line, must reset to determine open state because separator is off
		sepReset$( os );								// reset separator

		// last character IS spacing or opening punctuation => turn off separator for next item
		int len = strlen( s );
		ch = s[len - 1];								// must make unsigned
		fmt( os, "%s", s );								// fmt resets seperator, but reset it again
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) && mask[ ch ] != Open && mask[ ch ] != OpenClose ) {
			sep( os );
		} else {
			nosep( os );
		} // if
		if ( ch == '\n' ) setNL$( os, true );			// check *AFTER* sepPrt$ call above as it resets NL flag
		return os;
//		return write( os, s, len );
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, const char * )

// 	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const char16_t s[] ) {
// 		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
// 		fmt( os, "%ls", s );
// 		return os;
// 	} // ?|?

// #if ! ( __ARM_ARCH_ISA_ARM == 1 && __ARM_32BIT_STATE == 1 ) // char32_t == wchar_t => ambiguous
// 	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const char32_t s[] ) {
// 		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
// 		fmt( os, "%ls", s );
// 		return os;
// 	} // ?|?
// #endif // ! ( __ARM_ARCH_ISA_ARM == 1 && __ARM_32BIT_STATE == 1 )

// 	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const wchar_t s[] ) {
// 		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
// 		fmt( os, "%ls", s );
// 		return os;
// 	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const void * p ) {
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%p", p );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, const void * )

	// manipulators
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, ostype & (* manip)( ostype & ) ) {
		return manip( os );
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, ostype & (* manip)( ostype & ) ) {
		manip( os );
		if ( getPrt$( os ) ) ends( os );				// something printed ?
		setPrt$( os, false );							// turn off
	} // ?|?

	ostype & nl( ostype & os ) {
		(ostype &)(os | '\n');
		setPrt$( os, false );							// turn off
		setNL$( os, true );
		return nosep( os );								// prepare for next line
	} // nl

	ostype & nonl( ostype & os ) {
		setPrt$( os, false );							// turn off
		return os;
	} // nonl

	ostype & nlOn( ostype & os ) {
		nlOn( os );										// call void returning
		return os;
	} // nlOn

	ostype & nlOff( ostype & os ) {
		nlOff( os );									// call void returning
		return os;
	} // nlOff

	ostype & sepVal( ostype & os ) {
		return (ostype &)(os | sepGet( os ));
	} // sepVal

	ostype & sepTupleVal( ostype & os ) {
		return os | sepGetTuple( os );
	} // sepTupleVal

	ostype & sep( ostype & os ) {
		sep( os );										// call void returning
		return os;
	} // sep

	ostype & nosep( ostype & os ) {
		nosep( os );									// call void returning
		return os;
	} // nosep

	ostype & sepOn( ostype & os ) {
		sepOn( os );									// call void returning
		return os;
	} // sepOn

	ostype & sepOff( ostype & os ) {
		sepOff( os );									// call void returning
		return os;
	} // sepOff
} // distribution

// tuples
forall( ostype &, T, Params... | writeable( T, ostype ) | { ostype & ?|?( ostype &, Params ); } ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, T arg, Params rest ) {
		(ostype &)(os | arg);							// print first argument
		sepSetCur$( os, sepGetTuple( os ) );			// switch to tuple separator
		(ostype &)(os | rest);							// print remaining arguments
		sepSetCur$( os, sepGet( os ) );					// switch to regular separator
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, T arg, Params rest ) {
		// (ostype &)(?|?( os, arg, rest )); ends( os );
		(ostype &)(os | arg);							// print first argument
		sepSetCur$( os, sepGetTuple( os ) );			// switch to tuple separator
		(ostype &)(os | rest);							// print remaining arguments
		sepSetCur$( os, sepGet( os ) );					// switch to regular separator
		ends( os );
	} // ?|?
} // distribution

// writes the range [begin, end) to the given stream
forall( ostype &, elt_type | writeable( elt_type, ostype ), iterator_type | iterator( iterator_type, elt_type ) ) {
	void write( iterator_type begin, iterator_type end, ostype & os ) {
		void print( elt_type i ) { os | i; }
		for_each( begin, end, print );
	} // ?|?

	void write_reverse( iterator_type begin, iterator_type end, ostype & os ) {
		void print( elt_type i ) { os | i; }
		for_each_reverse( begin, end, print );
	} // ?|?
} // distribution

// *********************************** manipulators ***********************************

// *********************************** integral ***********************************

static const char * shortbin[] = { "0", "1", "10", "11", "100", "101", "110", "111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111" };
static const char * longbin[]  = { "0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111" };

// Default prefix for non-decimal prints is 0b, 0, 0x.
#define INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( T, IFMTNP, IFMTP ) \
forall( ostype & | basic_ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) ); \
\
		if ( f.base == 'b' || f.base == 'B' ) {			/* bespoke binary format */ \
			int bits = high1( f.val );					/* position of most significant bit */ \
			if ( bits == 0 ) bits = 1;					/* 0 value => force one bit to print */ \
			int spaces; \
			if ( ! f.flags.left ) {						/* right justified ? */ \
				/* Note, base prefix then zero padding or spacing then prefix. */ \
				if ( f.flags.pc ) { \
					spaces = f.wd - f.pc; \
					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); /* space pad */ \
					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
					spaces = f.pc - bits; \
					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0*d", spaces, 0 ); /* zero pad */ \
				} else { \
					spaces = f.wd - bits; \
					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
					if ( f.flags.pad0 ) { \
						if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
						if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0*d", spaces, 0 ); /* zero pad */ \
					} else { \
						if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); /* space pad */ \
						if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
					} /* if */ \
				} /* if */ \
			} else { \
				if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); \
				if ( f.flags.pc ) { \
					spaces = f.pc - bits; \
					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0*d", spaces, 0 ); /* zero pad */ \
					spaces = f.wd - f.pc; \
				} else { /* pad0 flag ignored with left flag */ \
					spaces = f.wd - bits; \
				} /* if */ \
				if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
			} /* if */ \
			int shift = floor( bits - 1, 4 ); \
			typeof( f.val ) temp = f.val; \
			fmt( os, "%s", shortbin[(temp >> shift) & 0xf] ); \
			for () { \
				shift -= 4; \
			  if ( shift < 0 ) break; \
				temp = f.val; \
				fmt( os, "%s", longbin[(temp >> shift) & 0xf] ); \
			} /* for */ \
			if ( f.flags.left && spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); \
			return os; \
		} /* if */ \
\
		char fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTP)];						/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, IFMTNP, sizeof(IFMTNP) ); \
		else memcpy( &fmtstr, IFMTP, sizeof(IFMTP) ); \
		int star = 5;									/* position before first '*' */ \
\
		/* Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left. */ \
		if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmtstr[star] = '#'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.sign ) { fmtstr[star] = '+'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.pad0 && ! f.flags.pc ) { fmtstr[star] = '0'; star -= 1; } \
		fmtstr[star] = '\''; star -= 1;					/* locale */ \
		fmtstr[star] = '%'; \
\
		/* Special case printing 0 in hexadecimal as printf does not put the base. */ \
		if ( (f.base == 'x' | f.base == 'X') && ! f.flags.nobsdp && f.val == 0 ) { \
			fmt( os, f.base == 'x' ? "0x" : "0X" ); \
			f.wd -= 2; \
			if ( f.wd < 0 ) f.wd = 1; \
		} /* if */ \
\
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) {							/* no precision */ \
			fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTNP)-2] = f.base;			/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
			/* printf( "%s %c\n", &fmtstr[star], f.base ); */ \
			fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val ); \
		} else {										/* precision */ \
			fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTP)-2] = f.base;			/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
			/* printf( "%s %c\n", &fmtstr[star], f.base ); */ \
			fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.pc, f.val ); \
		} /* if */ \
		return os; \
	} /* ?|? */ \
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, _Ostream_Manip(T) ) \
} // distribution

INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( signed char,            "      *hh ", "      *.*hh " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( unsigned char,          "      *hh ", "      *.*hh " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( signed short int,       "      *h ",  "      *.*h " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( unsigned short int,     "      *h ",  "      *.*h " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( signed int,             "      * ",   "      *.* " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( unsigned int,           "      * ",   "      *.* " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( signed long int,        "      *l ",  "      *.*l " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( unsigned long int,      "      *l ",  "      *.*l " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( signed long long int,   "      *ll ", "      *.*ll " )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL( unsigned long long int, "      *ll ", "      *.*ll " )


#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
// Default prefix for non-decimal prints is 0b, 0, 0x.
forall( ostype & | basic_ostream( ostype ) )
static inline void base_128( ostype & os, unsigned int128 val, unsigned int128 power, _Ostream_Manip(uint64_t) & f, unsigned int maxdig, unsigned int bits, unsigned int cnt = 0 ) {
	int wd = 1;											// f.wd is never 0 because 0 implies left-pad
	if ( val > power ) {								// subdivide value into printable 64-bit values
		base_128( os, val / power, power, f, maxdig, bits, cnt + 1 ); // recursive
		f.val = val % power;
		if ( cnt == 1 && f.flags.left ) { wd = f.wd; f.wd = maxdig; } // copy f.wd and reset for printing middle chunk
		// printf( "R val:%#lx(%lu) wd:%u pc:%u base:%c neg:%d pc:%d left:%d nobsdp:%d sign:%d pad0:%d\n",
		// 		f.val, f.val, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, f.flags.neg, f.flags.pc, f.flags.left, f.flags.nobsdp, f.flags.sign, f.flags.pad0 );
		(ostype &)(os | f);
		if ( cnt == 1 ) {
			if ( f.flags.left ) { wd -= maxdig; f.wd = wd < 0 ? 1 : wd; } // update and restore f.wd for printing end chunk
			nosep( os );								// no seperator between chunks
		} // if
	} else {											// print start chunk
		f.val = val;
		// f.pc is unsigned => use wd
		if ( f.flags.pc && f.pc > maxdig * cnt ) { wd = f.pc - maxdig * cnt; f.pc = wd < 0 ? 0 : wd; }
		else { f.flags.pc = false; f.pc = 0; }

		if ( ! f.flags.left ) {							// right justify
			wd = f.wd - maxdig * cnt;
			f.wd = wd < 0 ? 1 : wd;
			wd = maxdig;
		} else {										// left justify
			if ( cnt != 0 ) {							// value >= 2^64 ?
				unsigned int dig, bs = 0;
				// compute size of prefix digits and base
				if ( f.base == 'd' || f.base == 'u' ) {	// no base prefix
					dig = ceil( log10( f.val ) );		// use floating-point
					if ( f.base == 'd' && (f.flags.neg || f.flags.sign) ) bs = 1; // sign ?
				} else {
					dig = ceiling_div( high1( f.val ), bits );
					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) {			// base prefix ?
						if ( f.base == 'o' ) {
							// 0 prefix for octal is not added for precision with leading zero
							if ( f.pc <= dig ) bs = 1;	// 1 character prefix
						} else bs = 2;					// 2 character prefix
					} // if
				} // if
				wd = f.wd - (f.pc > dig ? f.pc : dig) - bs; // precision > leading digits ?
				if ( wd < 0 ) wd = 1;
				f.wd = 1;
			} // if
			// all manipulators handled implicitly for value < 2^64
		} // if
		// prior checks ensure wd not negative

		if ( f.flags.neg ) f.val = -f.val;
		// printf( "L val:%#lx(%lu) wd:%u pc:%u base:%c neg:%d pc:%d left:%d nobsdp:%d sign:%d pad0:%d\n",
		// 		f.val, f.val, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, f.flags.neg, f.flags.pc, f.flags.left, f.flags.nobsdp, f.flags.sign, f.flags.pad0 );
		(ostype &)(os | f);

		// remaining middle and end chunks are padded with 0s on the left
		if ( ! f.flags.left ) { f.flags.pad0 = true; f.flags.pc = false; } // left pad with 0s
		else { f.pc = maxdig; f.flags.pc = true; }		// left pad with precision

		if ( cnt != 0 ) nosep( os );					// no seperator between chunks
		f.wd = wd;										// reset f.wd for next chunk
		f.flags.sign = false;							// no leading +/- sign
		f.flags.nobsdp = true;							// no leading base prefix
	} // if
} // base_128

#define INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL128( T ) \
forall( ostype & | basic_ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
		_Ostream_Manip(uint64_t) fmt; \
		fmt.[wd, pc, base, all] = f.[wd, pc, base, all]; \
		if ( f.base == 'b' | f.base == 'B' ) { \
			base_128( os, f.val, (unsigned int128)1 << 64, fmt, 64, 1 ); \
		} else if ( f.base == 'o' ) { \
			base_128( os, f.val, (unsigned int128)1 << 63, fmt, 21, 3 ); \
		} else if ( f.base == 'd' || f.base == 'u' ) { \
			if ( f.base == 'd' && f.val < 0 ) { f.val = -f.val; fmt.flags.neg = true; } \
			base_128( os, f.val, (unsigned int128)10_000_000_000_000_000_000UL, fmt, 19, 0 ); \
		} else { \
			base_128( os, f.val, (unsigned int128)1 << 64, fmt, 16, 4 ); \
		} /* if */ \
		return os; \
	} /* ?|? */ \
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, _Ostream_Manip(T) ) \
} // distribution

INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL128( int128 )
INTEGRAL_FMT_IMPL128( unsigned int128 )
#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__

// *********************************** floating point ***********************************

static const char *suffixes[] = {
	"y", "z", "a", "f", "p", "n", "u", "m", "",
	"K", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z", "Y"
};
#define SUFFIXES_START (-24) /* Smallest power for which there is a suffix defined. */
#define SUFFIXES_END (SUFFIXES_START + (int)((sizeof(suffixes) / sizeof(char *) - 1) * 3))

#define PRINT_WITH_DP2( os, format, ... ) \
	{ \
		if ( ! f.flags.eng ) { \
			len = snprintf( buf, size, format, ##__VA_ARGS__ ); \
			if ( isfinite( f.val ) && ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { /* if number, print decimal point when no fraction or exponent */ \
				for ( i = 0; i < len && buf[i] != '.' && buf[i] != 'e' && buf[i] != 'E' && \
							 buf[i] != 'p' && buf[i] != 'P'; i += 1 ); /* decimal point or scientific ? */ \
				if ( i == len ) { \
					if ( ! f.flags.left ) { \
						buf[i] = '.'; buf[i + 1] = '\0'; \
						if ( buf[0] == ' ' ) bufbeg = 1; /* decimal point within width */ \
					} else { \
						for ( i = 0; i < len && buf[i] != ' '; i += 1 ); /* trailing blank ? */ \
						buf[i] = '.'; \
						if ( i == len ) buf[i + 1] = '\0'; \
					} /* if */ \
				} /* if */ \
			} /* if */ \
		} else { \
			int exp10, len2; \
			eng( f.val, f.pc, exp10 );					/* changes arguments */ \
			/* printf( "%g %d %d %d %s\n", f.val, f.wd, f.pc, exp10, format ); */ \
			if ( ! f.flags.left && f.wd > 1 ) { \
				/* Exponent size: 'e', optional minus sign, number of digits: log10(0) => undefined */ \
				f.wd -= 1 + (exp10 < 0 ? 1 : 0) + lrint( floor( exp10 == 0 ? 0 : log10( abs( exp10 ) ) ) ) + 1; \
				if ( f.wd < 1 ) f.wd = 1; \
			} /* if */ \
			len = snprintf( buf, size, format, ##__VA_ARGS__ ); \
			if ( f.flags.left ) { \
				for ( len -= 1; len > 0 && buf[len] == ' '; len -= 1 ); \
				len += 1; \
			} /* if */ \
			if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp || (exp10 < SUFFIXES_START) || (exp10 > SUFFIXES_END) ) { \
				len2 = snprintf( &buf[len], size - len, "e%d", (int)exp10 /* ambiguity with function exp10 */ ); \
			} else { \
				len2 = snprintf( &buf[len], size - len, "%s", suffixes[(exp10 - SUFFIXES_START) / 3] ); \
			} /* if */ \
			if ( f.flags.left && len + len2 < f.wd ) buf[len + len2] = ' '; \
		} /* if */ \
		fmt( os, "%s", &buf[bufbeg] ); \
	}

#define FLOATING_POINT_FMT_IMPL( T, DFMTNP, DFMTP ) \
forall( ostype & | basic_ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	static void eng( T &value, int & pc, int & exp10 ) { \
		exp10 = lrint( floor( log10( abs( value ) ) ) ); /* round to desired precision */ \
		if ( exp10 < 0 ) exp10 -= 2; \
		exp10 = floor( exp10, 3 ); \
		value *= pow( 10.0, -exp10 ); \
		if ( pc < 0 ) pc = 3; \
	} /* eng */ \
\
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
		enum { size = 48 }; \
		char buf[size]; \
		int bufbeg = 0, i, len; \
\
		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) ); \
		char fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTP) + 8];					/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, DFMTNP, sizeof(DFMTNP) ); \
		else memcpy( &fmtstr, DFMTP, sizeof(DFMTP) ); \
		int star = 5;									/* position before first '*' */ \
\
		/* Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left. */ \
		if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.sign ) { fmtstr[star] = '+'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.pad0 ) { fmtstr[star] = '0'; star -= 1; } \
		fmtstr[star] = '\''; star -= 1;					/* locale */ \
		fmtstr[star] = '%'; \
\
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) {							/* no precision */ \
			fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTNP)-2] = f.base;			/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
			/* printf( "%g %d %s\n", f.val, f.wd, &fmtstr[star] ); */ \
			PRINT_WITH_DP2( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val ) \
		} else {										/* precision */ \
			fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTP)-2] = f.base;			/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
			/* printf( "%g %d %d %s\n", f.val, f.wd, f.pc, &fmtstr[star] ); */ \
			PRINT_WITH_DP2( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.pc, f.val ) \
		} /* if */ \
		return os; \
	} /* ?|? */ \
\
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, _Ostream_Manip(T) ) \
} // distribution

FLOATING_POINT_FMT_IMPL( double,      "      * ",  "      *.* " )
FLOATING_POINT_FMT_IMPL( long double, "      *L ", "      *.*L " )

// *********************************** character ***********************************

forall( ostype & | basic_ostream( ostype ) ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(char) f ) {
		if ( f.base != 'c' ) {							// bespoke binary/octal/hex format
			_Ostream_Manip(unsigned char) fmtuc @= { f.val, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, {'\0'} };
			fmtuc.flags.pc = f.flags.pc;
			fmtuc.flags.nobsdp = f.flags.nobsdp;
//			os | fmtuc | nonl;
			(ostype &)(os | fmtuc);
			return os;
		} // if

		if ( sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );

		#define CFMTNP "% * "
		char fmtstr[sizeof(CFMTNP)];					// sizeof includes '\0'
		memcpy( &fmtstr, CFMTNP, sizeof(CFMTNP) );
		int star = 1;									// position before first '*'

		// Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left.
		if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; }
		fmtstr[star] = '%';

		fmtstr[sizeof(CFMTNP)-2] = f.base;				// sizeof includes '\0'
		// printf( "%d %s\n", f.wd, &fmtstr[star] );
		fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, _Ostream_Manip(char) )
} // distribution

// *********************************** C string ***********************************

forall( ostype & | basic_ostream( ostype ) ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(const char *) f ) {
		if ( ! f.val ) return os;						// null pointer ?

		if ( f.base != 's' ) {							// bespoke binary/octal/hex format
			_Ostream_Manip(unsigned char) fmtuc @= { 0, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, {'\0'} };
			fmtuc.flags.pc = f.flags.pc;
			fmtuc.flags.nobsdp = f.flags.nobsdp;
			for ( i; 0 ~ @ : @; f.val[i] != '\0' ) {
				fmtuc.val = f.val[i];
//				os | fmtuc | nonl;
				(ostype &)(os | fmtuc);
			} // for
			return os;
		} // if

		if ( f.val[0] != '\0' &&						// null string => no leading separator
			 sepPrt$( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur$( os ) );

		#define SFMTNP "% * "
		#define SFMTP "% *.* "
		char fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTP)];						// sizeof includes '\0'
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, SFMTNP, sizeof(SFMTNP) );
		else memcpy( &fmtstr, SFMTP, sizeof(SFMTP) );
		int star = 1;									// position before first '*'

		// Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left.
		if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; }
		fmtstr[star] = '%';

		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) {							// no precision
			// printf( "%d %s\n", f.wd, &fmtstr[star] );
			fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTNP)-2] = f.base;			// sizeof includes '\0'
			fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val );
		} else {										// precision
			fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTP)-2] = f.base;			// sizeof includes '\0'
			// printf( "%d %d %s\n", f.wd, f.pc, &fmtstr[star] );
			fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.pc, f.val );
		} // if
		if ( f.val[0] == '\0' ) { nosep( os ); }		// null string => no trailing separator
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, _Ostream_Manip(const char *) )
} // distribution


// *********************************** istream ***********************************


#define FALSE "false"
#define TRUE "true"

forall( istype & | basic_istream( istype ) ) {
	istype & ?|?( istype & is, bool & b ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int len = -1;									// len not set if no match
		// remove optional leading whitespace at start of strings.
		fmt( is, " " FALSE "%n", &len );				// try false
		if ( len != sizeof( FALSE ) - 1 ) {				// -1 removes null terminate
			fmt( is, " " TRUE "%n", &len );				// try true
			if ( len != sizeof( TRUE ) - 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
			b = true;
		} else {
			b = false;
		} // if
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, char & c ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		char temp;
		for () {
			int args = fmt( is, "%c", &temp );
			if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
			assert( args == 1 );						// if not EOF => a single character must be read
			// do not overwrite parameter with newline unless appropriate
			if ( temp != '\n' || getANL$( is ) ) { c = temp; break; }
		} // for
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, signed char & sc ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%hhi", &sc );				// can be multiple characters (100)
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned char & usc ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%hhi", &usc );				// can be multiple characters (-100)
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, short int & si ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%hi", &si );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned short int & usi ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%hi", &usi );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, int & i ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%i", &i );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned int & ui ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%i", &ui );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, long int & li ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%li", &li );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned long int & ulli ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%li", &ulli );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, long long int & lli ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%lli", &lli );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned long long int & ulli ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%lli", &ulli );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
	istype & ?|?( istype & is, int128 & llli ) {
		return (istype &)(is | (unsigned int128 &)llli);
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned int128 & ullli ) {
		char s[40];
		bool sign = false;

		if ( fmt( is, " %[-]", s ) == 1 ) sign = true;	// skip whitespace, negative sign ?
		// If the input is too large, the value returned is undefined. If there is no input, no value is returned
		if ( fmt( is, "%39[0-9]%*[0-9]", s ) == 1 ) {	// take first 39 characters, ignore remaining
			ullli = 0;
			for ( i; 0 ~ @ : @; s[i] != '\0' ) {
				ullli = ullli * 10 + s[i] - '0';
			} // for
			if ( sign ) ullli = -ullli;
		} // if
		return is;
	} // ?|?
	#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, float & f ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%f", &f );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, double & d ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%lf", &d );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, long double & ld ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args = fmt( is, "%Lf", &ld );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, float _Complex & fc ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		float re, im;
		int args = fmt( is, "%f%fi", &re, &im );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 2 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		fc = re + im * _Complex_I;
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, double _Complex & dc ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		double re, im;
		int args = fmt( is, "%lf%lfi", &re, &im );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 2 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		dc = re + im * _Complex_I;
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, long double _Complex & ldc ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		long double re, im;
		int args = fmt( is, "%Lf%Lfi", &re, &im );
		if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 2 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		ldc = re + im * _Complex_I;
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, const char fmt[] ) {		// match text
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		size_t len = strlen( fmt );
		char fmtstr[len + 16];
		strcpy( fmtstr, fmt );							// copy format and add %n
		strcpy( &fmtstr[len], "%n" );
		len = -1;
		// scanf cursor does not move if no match
		fmt( is, fmtstr, &len );
		if ( len == -1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	// manipulators
	istype & ?|?( istype & is, istype & (* manip)( istype & ) ) {
		return manip( is );
	} // ?|?

	void ?|?( istype & is, istype & (* manip)( istype & ) ) {
		manip( is );
	} // ?|?

	istype & nl( istype & is ) {
		fmt( is, "%*[^\n]" );							// ignore characters to newline
		if ( ! eof( is ) ) fmt( is, "%*c" );			// read newline
		return is;
	} // nl

	istype & nlOn( istype & is ) {
		nlOn( is );										// call void returning
		return is;
	} // nlOn

	istype & nlOff( istype & is ) {
		nlOff( is );									// call void returning
		return is;
	} // nlOff
} // distribution

// *********************************** manipulators ***********************************

forall( istype & | basic_istream( istype ) ) {
	istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Cskip f ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		if ( f.scanset ) {
			int nscanset = strlen(f.scanset);
			char fmtstr[ sizeof("%*[]") + nscanset ];
			int pos = 0;
			strcpy( &fmtstr[pos], "%*[" );  pos += 3;
			strcpy( &fmtstr[pos], f.scanset );  pos += nscanset;
			strcpy( &fmtstr[pos], "]" );
			fmt( is, fmtstr, "" );						// skip scanset, zero or more
		} else {
			char ch;
			for ( f.wd ) {								// skip N characters
				int args = fmt( is, "%c", &ch );
				if ( ! eof( is ) && args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );
			} // for
		} // if
		return is;
	}

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Cquoted f ) with( f.cstr ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		int args;
	  fini: {
			char rfmt[5] = { ' ', delimiters[0], '%', 'n', '\0' };
			int len = -1;								// may not be set in fmt
			args = fmt( is, rfmt, &len );				// remove leading whitespace and quote
			if ( eof( is ) || len == -1 ) break fini;

			// Change the remainder of the read into a getline by reseting the closing delimiter.
			if ( delimiters[1] != '\0' ) {
				delimiters[0] = delimiters[1];
				delimiters[1] = '\0';
			} // if
			flags.delimiter = true;
			return is | *(_Istream_Cstr *)&f;
		} // fini
		// read failed => no pattern match => set string to null
		if ( ! flags.ignore && s != 0p && args == 0 ) s[0] = '\0';
		if ( args == 1 && eof( is ) ) {					// data but scan ended at EOF
			clear( is );								// => reset EOF => detect again on next read
		} // if
		return is;
	}

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Cstr f ) with( f.cstr ) {
		if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );
		const char * scanset;
		size_t nscanset = 0;
		if ( flags.delimiter ) scanset = delimiters;	// getline ?
		else scanset = f.cstr.scanset;
		if ( scanset ) nscanset = strlen( scanset );

		char fmtstr[nscanset + 32];						// storage for scanset and format codes
		fmtstr[0] = '%';
		int pos = 1;
		int args;
		bool check = true;

		if ( flags.ignore ) { check = false; fmtstr[1] = '*'; pos += 1; }
		int rwd = wd;
		if ( wd != -1 ) {								// => just ignore versus ignore with width
			// wd is buffer bytes available (for input chars + null terminator)
			// rwd is count of input chars
			// no maximum width necessary because text ignored => width is read width
			if ( flags.rwd ) check = false;
			else rwd = wd - 1;
			assert( rwd > 0 );
			pos += sprintf( &fmtstr[pos], "%d", rwd );
		} // if

		if ( ! scanset ) {								// %s, %*s, %ws, %*ws
			// fprintf( stderr, "cstr %s\n", s );
			strcpy( &fmtstr[pos], "s%n" );
			int len = 0;								// may not be set in fmt
			if ( flags.ignore ) args = fmt( is, fmtstr, &len ); // no string argument for '*'
			else args = fmt( is, fmtstr, s, &len );
			// fprintf( stderr, "cstr %s %d %d %d\n", fmtstr, args, len, f.cstr.wd );

			// No data read and eof is on => true eof so raise exception.
			if ( len == 0 && eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );

			if ( check && len >= rwd && ! eof( is ) ) {	// might not fit
				char peek;
				fmt( is, "%c", &peek );					// check for whitespace terminator
				// fprintf( stderr, "peek %d '%c'\n", args, peek );
				if ( ! eof( is ) ) {					// can only fail at eof
					ungetc( peek, is );
					if ( ! isspace( peek ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( cstring_length );
				} // if
			} // if
			// FIX ME: CFA strings need to be modified to NOT change the argument for this case, then this can be removed.
			//fprintf( stderr, "cstr %d %d %d %d '%s'\n", flags.ignore, args, len, eof( is ), s );
			//if ( ! flags.ignore && args == 0 ) s[0]= '\0'; // read failed => no pattern match => set string to null
		} else {
			if ( flags.delimiter ) {					// getline
				int len = 0;							// may not be set in fmt
				if ( delimiters[2] != '\0' ) {			// (quoted) read single character ?
					sprintf( &fmtstr[pos], "c%%n" );
				} else {
					sprintf( &fmtstr[pos], "[^%c]%%n", delimiters[0] );
				} // if
				if ( flags.ignore ) args = fmt( is, fmtstr, &len ); // no string argument for '*'
				else args = fmt( is, fmtstr, s, &len );

				// No data read and eof is on => true eof so raise exception.
				if ( len == 0 && eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );

				if ( check && len == rwd && ! eof( is ) ) {	// might not fit
					char peek;
					fmt( is, "%c", &peek );				// check for delimiter
					if ( ! eof( is ) ) {
						if ( peek != delimiters[0] ) {
							ungetc( peek, is );
							throwResume ExceptionInst( cstring_length );
						} // if
					} // if
				} else fmt( is, "%*c" );				// remove delimiter
			} else {
				// incl %[xxx],  %*[xxx],  %w[xxx],  %*w[xxx]
				// excl %[^xxx], %*[^xxx], %w[^xxx], %*w[^xxx]
				sprintf( &fmtstr[pos], "[%s%s]%%n", flags.inex ? "^" : "", scanset );
				// fprintf( stderr, "incl/excl %s %d\n", fmtstr, wd );
				int len = 0;							// may not be set in fmt
				if ( flags.ignore ) args = fmt( is, fmtstr, &len ); // no string argument for '*'
				else args = fmt( is, fmtstr, s, &len );
				// fprintf( stderr, "incl/excl %s \"%s\" %d %d %d %d %d %c\n", fmtstr, s, args, wd, len, eof( is ), check, s[wd] );

				// No data read and eof is on => true eof so raise exception.
				if ( len == 0 && eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );

				if ( check && len == rwd && ! eof( is ) ) {	// might not fit
					// fprintf( stderr, "overflow\n" );
					char peek;
					fmt( is, "%c", &peek );				// check for whitespace terminator
					// fprintf( stderr, "peek %d '%c'\n", args, peek );
					if ( ! eof( is ) ) {
						ungetc( peek, is );
						if ( flags.inex ^ strchr( scanset, peek ) != 0p ) throwResume ExceptionInst( cstring_length );
					} // if
				} // if
			} // if
			if ( ! flags.ignore && args == 0 ) s[0]= '\0'; // read failed => no pattern match => set string to null
		} // if
		if ( args == 1 && eof( is ) ) {					// data but scan ended at EOF
			clear( is );								// => reset EOF => detect again on next read
		} // if
		return is;
	} // ?|?
} // distribution

#define INPUT_FMT_IMPL( T, CODE ) \
forall( istype & | basic_istream( istype ) ) { \
	istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(T) f ) { \
		enum { size = 16 }; \
		char fmtstr[size]; \
		if ( f.wd == -1 ) { \
			snprintf( fmtstr, size, "%%%s%s", f.ignore ? "*" : "", CODE ); \
		} else { \
			snprintf( fmtstr, size, "%%%s%d%s", f.ignore ? "*" : "", f.wd, CODE ); \
		} /* if */ \
		/* printf( "%d %s %p\n", f.wd, fmtstr, &f.val ); */ \
		fmt( is, fmtstr, &f.val ); \
		return is; \
	} /* ?|? */ \
} // distribution

INPUT_FMT_IMPL( char, "c" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( signed char, "hhi" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( unsigned char, "hhi" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( signed short int, "hi" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( unsigned short int, "hi" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( signed int, "i" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( unsigned int, "i" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( signed long int, "li" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( unsigned long int, "li" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( signed long long int, "lli" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( unsigned long long int, "lli" )

INPUT_FMT_IMPL( float, "f" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( double, "lf" )
INPUT_FMT_IMPL( long double, "Lf" )

forall( istype & | basic_istream( istype ) ) {
	istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(float _Complex) fc ) {
		float re, im;
		_Istream_Manip(float) fmtuc @= { re, fc.wd, fc.ignore };
		is | fmtuc;
		&fmtuc.val = &im;
		is | fmtuc;
		if ( ! fc.ignore ) fc.val = re + im * _Complex_I; // re/im are uninitialized for ignore
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(double _Complex) dc ) {
		double re, im;
		_Istream_Manip(double) fmtuc @= { re, dc.wd, dc.ignore };
		is | fmtuc;
		&fmtuc.val = &im;
		is | fmtuc;
		if ( ! dc.ignore ) dc.val = re + im * _Complex_I; // re/im are uninitialized for ignore
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(long double _Complex) ldc ) {
		long double re, im;
		_Istream_Manip(long double) fmtuc @= { re, ldc.wd, ldc.ignore };
		is | fmtuc;
		&fmtuc.val = &im;
		is | fmtuc;
		if ( ! ldc.ignore ) ldc.val = re + im * _Complex_I;	// re/im are uninitialized for ignore
		return is;
	} // ?|?
} // distribution


forall( istype & | istream( istype ), E | CfaEnum( E ) | Serial( E ) )
istype & ?|?( istype & is, E & e ) {
//	fprintf( stderr, "here0\n" );
	if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );

	// Match longest input enumerator string to enumerator labels, where enumerator names are unique.

	int N = countof( E ), lnths[N], fred = 0;
//	printf( "N %d\n", N );
	int r = 0;
	// for ( s; E : r; 0~@ ) {
	for ( s; E ) {										// scan string rows gathering lengths
		lnths[r] = strlen( label( s ) );
		if ( lnths[r] > fred ) fred = lnths[r];
//		fprintf( stderr, "%s %d %d\n", label( s ), lnths[r], fred );
		r += 1;
	} // for

	int mcol = -1;										// last match column
	char ch, curr = '\0', prev = '\0';

	fmt( is, " " );										// skip optional whitespace
	if ( eof( is ) ) throwResume ExceptionInst( end_of_file );

	for ( c; fred ) {									// scan columns of the label matix (some columns missing)
		int args = fmt( is, "%c", &ch );				// read character
//		fprintf( stderr, "fmt args: %d eof: %d\n", args, eof(is) );
	  if ( eof( is ) ) {
//			fprintf( stderr, "Eof1\n" );
			if ( c == 0 ) return is;					// no characters read ?
			clear( is );								// => read something => reset EOF => detect again on next read
//			fprintf( stderr, "Eof2\n" );
			break;
		} // if
	  if ( args != 1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data ); // may be unnecessary since reading single character

//		printf( "read '%c'\n", ch );
		for ( r; N ) {									// scan enumeration strings for matching character in current column
//			printf( "%d %d %d\n", c, r, lnths[r] );
			if ( c < lnths[r] ) {						// string long enough for this column check ?
				char match = label( fromInt( r ) )[c];	// optimization
//				printf( "%c '%c'\n", match, ch );
				// Stop on first match, could be other matches.
				if ( (match == ch) && (c == 0 || curr == label( fromInt( r ) )[c - 1]) ) {
//					printf( "match %d %d %d '%c' '%c' '%c' '%c' 'c'\n", c, r, lnths[r], match, ch, prev, label( fromInt( r ) )[c - 1] );
					mcol = c;							// matching column
					prev = curr;						// last matching character
					curr = ch;							// current matching character
					break;
				} // if
			} // if
		} else {
//			fprintf( stderr, "finished mcol: %d ch: '%c' curr: '%c' prev: '%c'\n", mcol, ch, curr, prev );
			ungetc( ch, is );							// push back last unmatching character
			if ( mcol == -1 ) throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data ); // no matching character in first column
			break;
		} // for
//		printf( "\n" );
//	} else {
//		fprintf( stderr, "finished2 %d\n", mcol );
 	} // for

	for ( c; N ) {										// scan enumeration strings of length "mcol" for match
		if ( mcol == lnths[c] - 1 ) {
			char match = label( fromInt( c ) )[mcol];	// optimization
//			printf( "finished1 mcol: %d c: %d lnth: %d match: '%c' curr: '%c' prev: '%c'\n", mcol, c, lnths[c], match, curr, prev );
			if ( (match == curr) && (mcol == 0 || prev == label( fromInt( c ) )[mcol - 1]) ) {
				e = fromInt( c );
				break;
			} // if
		} // if
	} else {
//		fprintf( stderr, "finished3 %d\n", mcol );
		throwResume ExceptionInst( missing_data );		// no match in this column
	} // for
	return is;
}

forall( ostype & | ostream( ostype ), E | CfaEnum( E ) ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, E e ) {
		return os | label( e );
	}
	OSTYPE_VOID_IMPL( os, E )
}

// Local Variables: //
// tab-width: 4 //
// compile-command: "cfa iostream.cfa" //
// End: //