#pragma once
#include <math.hfa>
#include <iostream.hfa>

trait vec3_t(otype T) {
    void ?{}(T&, int);
    T ?=?(T&, zero_t);
    T ?-?(T, T);
    T -?(T);
    T ?+?(T, T);
    T ?*?(T, T);
    T ?/?(T, T);
    int ?==?(T, T);
    int ?<?(T, T);
    T sqrt(T);
};

static inline {
// int
int ?=?(int& n, zero_t) { return n = 0.f; }
int sqrt(int a) { return sqrt((float)a); }
/* float */
void ?{}(float& a, int b) { a = b; }
float ?=?(float& n, zero_t) { return n = 0.f; }
/* double */
void ?{}(double& a, int b) { a = b; }
double ?=?(double& n, zero_t) { return n = 0L; }
// long double
void ?{}(long double& a, int b) { a = b; }
long double ?=?(long double& n, zero_t) { return n = 0L; }
}

forall(otype T | vec3_t(T)) {
    struct vec3 {
        T x, y, z;
    };
}

/* static inline { */
forall(otype T | vec3_t(T)) {
    static inline {

    // Constructors

    void ?{}(vec3(T)& v, T x, T y, T z) {
        v.[x, y, z] = [x, y, z];
    }
    void ?{}(vec3(T)& vec, zero_t) with (vec) {
        x = y = z = 0;
    }
    void ?{}(vec3(T)& vec, T val) with (vec) {
        x = y = z = val;
    }
    void ?{}(vec3(T)& vec, vec3(T) other) with (vec) {
        [x,y,z] = other.[x,y,z];
    }

    // Assignment
    void ?=?(vec3(T)& vec, vec3(T) other) with (vec) {
        [x,y,z] = other.[x,y,z];
    }
    void ?=?(vec3(T)& vec, zero_t) with (vec) {
        x = y = z = 0;
    }

    // Primitive mathematical operations

    // Subtraction
    vec3(T) ?-?(vec3(T) u, vec3(T) v) { // TODO( can't make this const ref )
        return [u.x - v.x, u.y - v.y, u.z - v.z];
    }
    vec3(T)& ?-=?(vec3(T)& u, vec3(T) v) {
        u = u - v;
        return u;
    }
    vec3(T) -?(vec3(T)& v) with (v) {
        return [-x, -y, -z];
    }

    // Addition
    vec3(T) ?+?(vec3(T) u, vec3(T) v) { // TODO( can't make this const ref )
        return [u.x + v.x, u.y + v.y, u.z + v.z];
    }
    vec3(T)& ?+=?(vec3(T)& u, vec3(T) v) {
        u = u + v;
        return u;
    }

    // Scalar Multiplication
    vec3(T) ?*?(vec3(T) v, T scalar) with (v) { // TODO (can't make this const ref)
        return [x * scalar, y * scalar, z * scalar];
    }
    vec3(T) ?*?(T scalar, vec3(T) v) { // TODO (can't make this const ref)
        return v * scalar;
    }
    vec3(T)& ?*=?(vec3(T)& v, T scalar) {
        v = v * scalar;
        return v;
    }


    // Scalar Division
    vec3(T) ?/?(vec3(T) v, T scalar) with (v) {
        return [x / scalar, y / scalar, z / scalar];
    }
    vec3(T)& ?/=?(vec3(T)& v, T scalar) with (v) {
        v = v / scalar;
        return v;
    }
    // Relational Operators
    bool ?==?(vec3(T) u, vec3(T) v) with (u) {
        return x == v.x && y == v.y && z == v.z;
    }
    bool ?!=?(vec3(T) u, vec3(T) v) {
        return !(u == v);
    }

    T dot(vec3(T) u, vec3(T) v) {
        return u.x * v.x + u.y * v.y + u.z * v.z;
    }

    T length(vec3(T) v) {
       return sqrt(dot(v, v));
    }

    T length_squared(vec3(T) v) {
       return dot(v, v);
    }

    T distance(vec3(T) v1, vec3(T) v2) {
        return length(v1 - v2);
    }

    vec3(T) normalize(vec3(T) v) {
        return v / sqrt(dot(v, v));
    }

    // Project vector u onto vector v
    vec3(T) project(vec3(T) u, vec3(T) v) {
        vec3(T) v_norm = normalize(v);
        return v_norm * dot(u, v_norm);
    }

    // Reflect incident vector v with respect to surface with normal n
    vec3(T) reflect(vec3(T) v, vec3(T) n) {
        return v - (T){2} * project(v, n);
    }

    // Refract incident vector v with respect to surface with normal n
    // eta is the ratio of indices of refraction between starting material and
    // entering material (i.e., from air to water, eta = 1/1.33)
    // v and n must already be normalized
    vec3(T) refract(vec3(T) v, vec3(T) n, T eta) {
        T dotValue = dot(n, v);
        T k = (T){1} - eta * eta * ((T){1} - dotValue * dotValue);
        if (k < (T){0}) {
            return 0;
        }
        return eta * v - (eta * dotValue + sqrt(k)) * n;
    }

    // Given a perturbed normal and a geometric normal,
    // flip the perturbed normal if the geometric normal is pointing away
    // from the observer.
    // n is the perturbed vector that we want to align
    // i is the incident vector
    // ng is the geometric normal of the surface
    vec3(T) faceforward(vec3(T) n, vec3(T) i, vec3(T) ng) {
        return dot(ng, i) < (T){0} ? n : -n;
    }

    vec3(T) cross(vec3(T) u, vec3(T) v) {
        return (vec3(T)){ u.y * v.z - v.y * u.z,
                          u.z * v.x - v.z * u.x,
                          u.x * v.y - v.x * u.y };
    }
    }
}

forall(dtype ostype, otype T | writeable(T, ostype) | vec3_t(T)) {
    ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, vec3(T) v) with (v) {
        return os | '<' | x | ',' | y | ',' | z | '>';
    }
    void ?|?( ostype & os, vec3(T) v ) with (v) {
        (ostype &)(os | v); ends(os);
    }
}