//
// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2015 University of Waterloo
//
// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
//
// iostream.cfa --
//
// Author           : Peter A. Buhr
// Created On       : Wed May 27 17:56:53 2015
// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
// Last Modified On : Sat Jul 13 08:07:59 2019
// Update Count     : 821
//

#include "iostream.hfa"

extern "C" {
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>									// true/false
//#include <string.h>									// strlen, strcmp
extern size_t strlen (const char *__s) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__pure__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1)));
extern int strcmp (const char *__s1, const char *__s2) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__pure__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
extern char *strcpy (char *__restrict __dest, const char *__restrict __src) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
extern void *memcpy (void *__restrict __dest, const void *__restrict __src, size_t __n) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__ , __leaf__)) __attribute__ ((__nonnull__ (1, 2)));
#include <float.h>										// DBL_DIG, LDBL_DIG
#include <math.h>										// isfinite
#include <complex.h>									// creal, cimag
} // extern "C"


//*********************************** ostream ***********************************


forall( dtype ostype | ostream( ostype ) ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, zero_t ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%d", 0n );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, zero_t z ) {
		(ostype &)(os | z); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, one_t ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%d", 1n );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, one_t o ) {
		(ostype &)(os | o); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, bool b ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%s", b ? "true" : "false" );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, bool b ) {
		(ostype &)(os | b); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, char c ) {
		fmt( os, "%c", c );
		if ( c == '\n' ) setNL( os, true );
		return sepOff( os );
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, char c ) {
		(ostype &)(os | c); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, signed char sc ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%hhd", sc );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, signed char sc ) {
		(ostype &)(os | sc); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned char usc ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%hhu", usc );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned char usc ) {
		(ostype &)(os | usc); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, short int si ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%hd", si );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, short int si ) {
		(ostype &)(os | si); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned short int usi ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%hu", usi );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned short int usi ) {
		(ostype &)(os | usi); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, int i ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%d", i );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, int i ) {
		(ostype &)(os | i); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned int ui ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%u", ui );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned int ui ) {
		(ostype &)(os | ui); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, long int li ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%ld", li );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, long int li ) {
		(ostype &)(os | li); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned long int uli ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%lu", uli );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned long int uli ) {
		(ostype &)(os | uli); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, long long int lli ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%lld", lli );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, long long int lli ) {
		(ostype &)(os | lli); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned long long int ulli ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%llu", ulli );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, unsigned long long int ulli ) {
		(ostype &)(os | ulli); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	#define PrintWithDP( os, format, val, ... ) \
		{ \
			enum { size = 48 }; \
			char buf[size]; \
			int len = snprintf( buf, size, format, ##__VA_ARGS__, val ); \
			fmt( os, "%s", buf ); \
			if ( isfinite( val ) ) {					/* if number, always print decimal point */ \
				for ( int i = 0;; i += 1 ) { \
					if ( i == len ) { fmt( os, "." ); break; } \
					if ( buf[i] == '.' ) break; \
				} /* for */ \
			} /* if */ \
		}

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, float f ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		PrintWithDP( os, "%g", f );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, float f ) {
		(ostype &)(os | f); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, double d ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		PrintWithDP( os, "%.*lg", d, DBL_DIG );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, double d ) {
		(ostype &)(os | d); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, long double ld ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		PrintWithDP( os, "%.*Lg", ld, LDBL_DIG );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, long double ld ) {
		(ostype &)(os | ld); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, float _Complex fc ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
//		os | crealf( fc ) | nonl;
		PrintWithDP( os, "%g", crealf( fc ) );
		PrintWithDP( os, "%+g", cimagf( fc ) );
		fmt( os, "i" );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, float _Complex fc ) {
		(ostype &)(os | fc); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, double _Complex dc ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
//		os | creal( dc ) | nonl;
		PrintWithDP( os, "%.*lg", creal( dc ), DBL_DIG );
		PrintWithDP( os, "%+.*lg", cimag( dc ), DBL_DIG );
		fmt( os, "i" );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, double _Complex dc ) {
		(ostype &)(os | dc); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, long double _Complex ldc ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
//		os | creall( ldc ) || nonl;
		PrintWithDP( os, "%.*Lg", creall( ldc ), LDBL_DIG );
		PrintWithDP( os, "%+.*Lg", cimagl( ldc ), LDBL_DIG );
		fmt( os, "i" );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void & ?|?( ostype & os, long double _Complex ldc ) {
		(ostype &)(os | ldc); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const char * str ) {
		enum { Open = 1, Close, OpenClose };
		static const unsigned char mask[256] @= {
			// opening delimiters, no space after
			['('] : Open, ['['] : Open, ['{'] : Open,
			['='] : Open, ['$'] : Open, [(unsigned char)'£'] : Open, [(unsigned char)'¥'] : Open,
			[(unsigned char)'¡'] : Open, [(unsigned char)'¿'] : Open, [(unsigned char)'«'] : Open,
			// closing delimiters, no space before
			[','] : Close, ['.'] : Close, [';'] : Close, ['!'] : Close, ['?'] : Close,
			['%'] : Close, [(unsigned char)'¢'] : Close, [(unsigned char)'»'] : Close,
			[')'] : Close, [']'] : Close, ['}'] : Close,
			// opening-closing delimiters, no space before or after
			['\''] : OpenClose, ['`'] : OpenClose, ['"'] : OpenClose, [':'] : OpenClose,
			[' '] : OpenClose, ['\f'] : OpenClose, ['\n'] : OpenClose, ['\r'] : OpenClose, ['\t'] : OpenClose, ['\v'] : OpenClose, // isspace
		}; // mask

	  if ( str[0] == '\0' ) { sepOff( os ); return os; } // null string => no separator

		// first character IS NOT spacing or closing punctuation => add left separator
		unsigned char ch = str[0];						// must make unsigned
		if ( sepPrt( os ) && mask[ ch ] != Close && mask[ ch ] != OpenClose ) {
			fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		} // if

		// if string starts line, must reset to determine open state because separator is off
		sepReset( os );									// reset separator

		// last character IS spacing or opening punctuation => turn off separator for next item
		size_t len = strlen( str );
		ch = str[len - 1];								// must make unsigned
		if ( sepPrt( os ) && mask[ ch ] != Open && mask[ ch ] != OpenClose ) {
			sepOn( os );
		} else {
			sepOff( os );
		} // if
		if ( ch == '\n' ) setNL( os, true );			// check *AFTER* sepPrt call above as it resets NL flag
		return write( os, str, len );
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, const char * str ) {
		(ostype &)(os | str); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

// 	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const char16_t * str ) {
// 		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
// 		fmt( os, "%ls", str );
// 		return os;
// 	} // ?|?

// #if ! ( __ARM_ARCH_ISA_ARM == 1 && __ARM_32BIT_STATE == 1 ) // char32_t == wchar_t => ambiguous
// 	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const char32_t * str ) {
// 		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
// 		fmt( os, "%ls", str );
// 		return os;
// 	} // ?|?
// #endif // ! ( __ARM_ARCH_ISA_ARM == 1 && __ARM_32BIT_STATE == 1 )

// 	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const wchar_t * str ) {
// 		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
// 		fmt( os, "%ls", str );
// 		return os;
// 	} // ?|?

	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, const void * p ) {
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
		fmt( os, "%p", p );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, const void * p ) {
		(ostype &)(os | p); ends( os );
	} // ?|?

	// manipulators
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, ostype & (* manip)( ostype & ) ) {
		(ostype &)(manip( os ));
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, ostype & (* manip)( ostype & ) ) {
		(ostype &)(manip( os ));
		if ( getPrt( os ) ) ends( os );					// something printed ?
		setPrt( os, false );							// turn off
	} // ?|?

	ostype & sep( ostype & os ) {
		return (ostype &)(os | sepGet( os ));
	} // sep

	ostype & sepTuple( ostype & os ) {
		return os | sepGetTuple( os );
	} // sepTuple

	ostype & nl( ostype & os ) {
		(ostype &)(os | '\n');
		setPrt( os, false );							// turn off
		setNL( os, true );
		flush( os );
		return sepOff( os );							// prepare for next line
	} // nl

	ostype & nonl( ostype & os ) {
		setPrt( os, false );							// turn off
		return os;
	} // nonl

	ostype & sepOn( ostype & os ) {
		sepOn( os );									// call void returning
		return os;
	} // sepOn

	ostype & sepOff( ostype & os ) {
		sepOff( os );									// call void returning
		return os;
	} // sepOff

	ostype & sepEnable( ostype & os ) {
		sepEnable( os );								// call void returning
		return os;
	} // sepEnable

	ostype & sepDisable( ostype & os ) {
		sepDisable( os );								// call void returning
		return os;
	} // sepDisable

	ostype & nlOn( ostype & os ) {
		nlOn( os );										// call void returning
		return os;
	} // nlOn

	ostype & nlOff( ostype & os ) {
		nlOff( os );									// call void returning
		return os;
	} // nlOff
} // distribution

// tuples
forall( dtype ostype, otype T, ttype Params | writeable( T, ostype ) | { ostype & ?|?( ostype &, Params ); } ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, T arg, Params rest ) {
		(ostype &)(os | arg);							// print first argument
		sepSetCur( os, sepGetTuple( os ) );				// switch to tuple separator
		(ostype &)(os | rest);							// print remaining arguments
		sepSetCur( os, sepGet( os ) );					// switch to regular separator
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, T arg, Params rest ) {
		// (ostype &)(?|?( os, arg, rest )); ends( os );
		(ostype &)(os | arg);							// print first argument
		sepSetCur( os, sepGetTuple( os ) );				// switch to tuple separator
		(ostype &)(os | rest);							// print remaining arguments
		sepSetCur( os, sepGet( os ) );					// switch to regular separator
		ends( os );
	} // ?|?
} // distribution

// writes the range [begin, end) to the given stream
forall( dtype ostype, otype elt_type | writeable( elt_type, ostype ), otype iterator_type | iterator( iterator_type, elt_type ) ) {
	void write( iterator_type begin, iterator_type end, ostype & os ) {
		void print( elt_type i ) { os | i; }
		for_each( begin, end, print );
	} // ?|?

	void write_reverse( iterator_type begin, iterator_type end, ostype & os ) {
		void print( elt_type i ) { os | i; }
		for_each_reverse( begin, end, print );
	} // ?|?
} // distribution

//*********************************** manipulators ***********************************

//*********************************** integral ***********************************

static const char * shortbin[] = { "0", "1", "10", "11", "100", "101", "110", "111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111" };
static const char * longbin[]  = { "0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111" };

// Default prefix for non-decimal prints is 0b, 0, 0x.
#define IntegralFMTImpl( T, CODE, IFMTNP, IFMTP ) \
forall( dtype ostype | ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) ); \
\
		if ( f.base == 'b' || f.base == 'B' ) {			/* bespoke binary format */ \
			int bits;													\
			if ( f.val == (T){0} ) bits = 1;			/* force at least one bit to print */ \
			else bits = sizeof(long long int) * 8 - __builtin_clzll( f.val ); /* position of most significant bit */ \
			bits = bits > sizeof(f.val) * 8 ? sizeof(f.val) * 8 : bits; \
			int spaces = f.wd - bits;					/* can be negative */ \
			if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; }	/* base prefix takes space */ \
			/* printf( "%d %d\n", bits, spaces ); */ \
			if ( ! f.flags.left ) {						/* right justified ? */ \
				/* Note, base prefix then zero padding or spacing then prefix. */ \
				if ( f.flags.pad0 || f.flags.pc ) { \
					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
					if ( f.flags.pc ) spaces = f.pc - bits; \
					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0*d", spaces, 0 ); /* zero pad */ \
				} else { \
					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); /* space pad */ \
					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
				} /* if */ \
			} else if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { \
				fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); \
			} /* if */ \
			int shift = (bits - 1) / 4 * 4; /* floor( bits - 1, 4 ) */ \
			typeof( f.val ) temp = f.val; \
			fmt( os, "%s", shortbin[(temp >> shift) & 0xf] ); \
			for () { \
				shift -= 4; \
			  if ( shift < 0 ) break; \
				temp = f.val; \
				fmt( os, "%s", longbin[(temp >> shift) & 0xf] ); \
			} /* for */ \
			if ( f.flags.left && spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); \
			return os; \
		} /* if  */ \
\
		char fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTP)];						/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, IFMTNP, sizeof(IFMTNP) ); \
		else memcpy( &fmtstr, IFMTP, sizeof(IFMTP) ); \
		int star = 4;									/* position before first '*' */ \
\
		/* Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left. */ \
		if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmtstr[star] = '#'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.sign && f.base == CODE ) { fmtstr[star] = '+'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.pad0 && ! f.flags.pc ) { fmtstr[star] = '0'; star -= 1; } \
		fmtstr[star] = '%'; \
\
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) {							/* no precision */ \
			/* printf( "%s\n", &fmtstr[star] ); */ \
			fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTNP)-2] = f.base;			/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
			fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val ); \
		} else {										/* precision */ \
			fmtstr[sizeof(IFMTP)-2] = f.base;			/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
			/* printf( "%s\n", &fmtstr[star] ); */ \
			fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.pc, f.val ); \
		} /* if */ \
		return os; \
	} /* ?|? */ \
	void ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { (ostype &)(os | f); ends( os ); } \
} // distribution

IntegralFMTImpl( signed char, 'd', "%    *hh ", "%    *.*hh " )
IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned char, 'u', "%    *hh ", "%    *.*hh " )
IntegralFMTImpl( signed short int, 'd', "%    *h ", "%    *.*h " )
IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned short int, 'u', "%    *h ", "%    *.*h " )
IntegralFMTImpl( signed int, 'd', "%    * ", "%    *.* " )
IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned int, 'u', "%    * ", "%    *.* " )
IntegralFMTImpl( signed long int, 'd', "%    *l ", "%    *.*l " )
IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned long int, 'u', "%    *l ", "%    *.*l " )
IntegralFMTImpl( signed long long int, 'd', "%    *ll ", "%    *.*ll " )
IntegralFMTImpl( unsigned long long int, 'u', "%    *ll ", "%    *.*ll " )

//*********************************** floating point ***********************************

#define PrintWithDP2( os, format, val, ... ) \
	{ \
		enum { size = 48 }; \
		char buf[size]; \
		int bufbeg = 0, i, len = snprintf( buf, size, format, ##__VA_ARGS__, val ); \
		if ( isfinite( val ) && (f.base != 'g' || f.pc != 0) ) { /* if number, print decimal point */ \
			for ( i = 0; i < len && buf[i] != '.' && buf[i] != 'e' && buf[i] != 'E'; i += 1 ); /* decimal point or scientific ? */ \
			if ( i == len && ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { \
				if ( ! f.flags.left ) { \
					buf[i] = '.'; buf[i + 1] = '\0'; \
					if ( buf[0] == ' ' ) bufbeg = 1;	/* decimal point within width */ \
				} else { \
					for ( i = 0; i < len && buf[i] != ' '; i += 1 ); /* trailing blank ? */ \
					buf[i] = '.'; \
					if ( i == len ) buf[i + 1] = '\0'; \
				} /* if */ \
			} /* if */ \
		} /* if */ \
		fmt( os, "%s", &buf[bufbeg] ); \
	}

#define FloatingPointFMTImpl( T, DFMTNP, DFMTP ) \
forall( dtype ostype | ostream( ostype ) ) { \
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { \
		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) ); \
		char fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTP)];						/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, DFMTNP, sizeof(DFMTNP) ); \
		else memcpy( &fmtstr, DFMTP, sizeof(DFMTP) ); \
		int star = 4;									/* position before first '*' */ \
\
		/* Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left. */ \
		if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.sign ) { fmtstr[star] = '+'; star -= 1; } \
		if ( f.flags.pad0 ) { fmtstr[star] = '0'; star -= 1; } \
		fmtstr[star] = '%'; \
\
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) {							/* no precision */ \
			fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTNP)-2] = f.base;			/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
			/* printf( "%g %d %s\n", f.val, f.wd, &fmtstr[star]); */ \
			PrintWithDP2( os, &fmtstr[star], f.val, f.wd ) \
		} else {										/* precision */ \
			fmtstr[sizeof(DFMTP)-2] = f.base;			/* sizeof includes '\0' */ \
			/* printf( "%g %d %d %s\n", f.val, f.wd, f.pc, &fmtstr[star] ); */ \
			PrintWithDP2( os, &fmtstr[star], f.val, f.wd, f.pc ) \
		} /* if */ \
		return os; \
	} /* ?|? */ \
	void ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(T) f ) { (ostype &)(os | f); ends( os ); } \
} // distribution

FloatingPointFMTImpl( double, "%    * ", "%    *.* " )
FloatingPointFMTImpl( long double, "%    *L ", "%    *.*L " )

//*********************************** character ***********************************

forall( dtype ostype | ostream( ostype ) ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(char) f ) {
		if ( f.base != 'c' ) {							// bespoke binary/octal/hex format
			_Ostream_Manip(unsigned char) fmtuc @= { f.val, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, {'\0'} };
			fmtuc.flags.pc = f.flags.pc;
			fmtuc.flags.nobsdp = f.flags.nobsdp;
//			os | fmtuc | nonl;
			(ostype &)(os | fmtuc);
			return os;
		} // if

		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );

		#define CFMTNP "% * "
		char fmtstr[sizeof(CFMTNP)];					// sizeof includes '\0'
		memcpy( &fmtstr, CFMTNP, sizeof(CFMTNP) );
		int star = 1;									// position before first '*'

		// Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left.
		if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; }
		fmtstr[star] = '%';

		fmtstr[sizeof(CFMTNP)-2] = f.base;				// sizeof includes '\0'
		// printf( "%d %s\n", f.wd, &fmtstr[star] );
		fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val );
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(char) f ) { (ostype &)(os | f); ends( os ); }
} // distribution

//*********************************** C string ***********************************

forall( dtype ostype | ostream( ostype ) ) {
	ostype & ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(const char *) f ) {
		if ( ! f.val ) return os;						// null pointer ?

		if ( f.base != 's' ) {							// bespoke binary/octal/hex format
			_Ostream_Manip(unsigned char) fmtuc @= { 0, f.wd, f.pc, f.base, {'\0'} };
			fmtuc.flags.pc = f.flags.pc;
			fmtuc.flags.nobsdp = f.flags.nobsdp;
			for ( unsigned int i = 0; f.val[i] != '\0'; i += 1 ) {
				fmtuc.val = f.val[i];
//				os | fmtuc | nonl;
				(ostype &)(os | fmtuc);
			} // for
			return os;
		} // if

		if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );

		#define SFMTNP "% * "
		#define SFMTP "% *.* "
		char fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTP)];						// sizeof includes '\0'
		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) memcpy( &fmtstr, SFMTNP, sizeof(SFMTNP) );
		else memcpy( &fmtstr, SFMTP, sizeof(SFMTP) );
		int star = 1;									// position before first '*'

		// Insert flags into spaces before '*', from right to left.
		if ( f.flags.left ) { fmtstr[star] = '-'; star -= 1; }
		fmtstr[star] = '%';

		if ( ! f.flags.pc ) {							// no precision
			// printf( "%d %s\n", f.wd, &fmtstr[star] );
			fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTNP)-2] = f.base;			// sizeof includes '\0'
			fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.val );
		} else {										// precision
			fmtstr[sizeof(SFMTP)-2] = f.base;			// sizeof includes '\0'
			// printf( "%d %d %s\n", f.wd, f.pc, &fmtstr[star] );
			fmt( os, &fmtstr[star], f.wd, f.pc, f.val );
		} // if
		return os;
	} // ?|?
	void ?|?( ostype & os, _Ostream_Manip(const char *) f ) { (ostype &)(os | f); ends( os ); }
} // distribution


//*********************************** istream ***********************************


forall( dtype istype | istream( istype ) ) {
	istype & ?|?( istype & is, bool & b ) {
		char val[6];
		fmt( is, "%5s", val );
		if ( strcmp( val, "true" ) == 0 ) b = true;
		else if ( strcmp( val, "false" ) == 0 ) b = false;
		else {
			fprintf( stderr, "invalid Boolean constant\n" );
			abort();									// cannot use abort stream
		} // if
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, char & c ) {
		char temp;
		for () {
			fmt( is, "%c", &temp );						// must pass pointer through varg to fmt
			// do not overwrite parameter with newline unless appropriate
			if ( temp != '\n' || getANL( is ) ) { c = temp; break; }
			if ( eof( is ) ) break;
		} // for
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, signed char & sc ) {
		fmt( is, "%hhi", &sc );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned char & usc ) {
		fmt( is, "%hhi", &usc );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, short int & si ) {
		fmt( is, "%hi", &si );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned short int & usi ) {
		fmt( is, "%hi", &usi );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, int & i ) {
		fmt( is, "%i", &i );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned int & ui ) {
		fmt( is, "%i", &ui );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, long int & li ) {
		fmt( is, "%li", &li );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned long int & ulli ) {
		fmt( is, "%li", &ulli );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, long long int & lli ) {
		fmt( is, "%lli", &lli );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, unsigned long long int & ulli ) {
		fmt( is, "%lli", &ulli );
		return is;
	} // ?|?


	istype & ?|?( istype & is, float & f ) {
		fmt( is, "%f", &f );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, double & d ) {
		fmt( is, "%lf", &d );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, long double & ld ) {
		fmt( is, "%Lf", &ld );
		return is;
	} // ?|?


	istype & ?|?( istype & is, float _Complex & fc ) {
		float re, im;
		fmt( is, "%f%fi", &re, &im );
		fc = re + im * _Complex_I;
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, double _Complex & dc ) {
		double re, im;
		fmt( is, "%lf%lfi", &re, &im );
		dc = re + im * _Complex_I;
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, long double _Complex & ldc ) {
		long double re, im;
		fmt( is, "%Lf%Lfi", &re, &im );
		ldc = re + im * _Complex_I;
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	// istype & ?|?( istype & is, const char * fmt ) {
	// 	fmt( is, fmt, "" );
	// 	return is;
	// } // ?|?

	istype & ?|?( istype & is, char * s ) {
		fmt( is, "%s", s );
		return is;
	} // ?|?

	// manipulators
	istype & ?|?( istype & is, istype & (* manip)( istype & ) ) {
		return manip( is );
	} // ?|?

	istype & nl( istype & is ) {
		fmt( is, "%*[^\n]" );							// ignore characters to newline
		return is;
	} // nl

	istype & nlOn( istype & is ) {
		nlOn( is );										// call void returning
		return is;
	} // nlOn

	istype & nlOff( istype & is ) {
		nlOff( is );									// call void returning
		return is;
	} // nlOff
} // distribution

//*********************************** manipulators ***********************************

forall( dtype istype | istream( istype ) )
istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Cstr f ) {
	// skip xxx
	if ( ! f.s ) {
		// printf( "skip %s %d\n", f.scanset, f.wd );
		if ( f.wd == -1 ) fmt( is, f.scanset, "" );		// no input arguments
		else for ( f.wd ) fmt( is, "%*c" );
		return is;
	} // if
	size_t len = 0;
	if ( f.scanset ) len = strlen( f.scanset );
	char fmtstr[len + 16];
	int start = 1;
	fmtstr[0] = '%';
	if ( f.flags.ignore ) { fmtstr[1] = '*'; start += 1; }
	if ( f.wd != -1 ) { start += sprintf( &fmtstr[start], "%d", f.wd ); }
	// cstr %s, %*s, %ws, %*ws
	if ( ! f.scanset ) {
		fmtstr[start] = 's'; fmtstr[start + 1] = '\0';
		// printf( "cstr %s\n", fmtstr );
		fmt( is, fmtstr, f.s );
		return is;
	} // if
	// incl %[xxx],  %*[xxx],  %w[xxx],  %*w[xxx]
	// excl %[^xxx], %*[^xxx], %w[^xxx], %*w[^xxx]
	fmtstr[start] = '['; start += 1;
	if ( f.flags.inex ) { fmtstr[start] = '^'; start += 1; }
	strcpy( &fmtstr[start], f.scanset );				// copy includes '\0'
	len += start;
	fmtstr[len] = ']'; fmtstr[len + 1] = '\0';
	// printf( "incl/excl %s\n", fmtstr );
	fmt( is, fmtstr, f.s );
	return is;
} // ?|?

forall( dtype istype | istream( istype ) )
istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Char f ) {
	fmt( is, "%*c" );									// argument variable unused
	return is;
} // ?|?

#define InputFMTImpl( T, CODE ) \
forall( dtype istype | istream( istype ) ) \
istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(T) f ) { \
	enum { size = 16 }; \
	char fmtstr[size]; \
	if ( f.wd == -1 ) { \
		snprintf( fmtstr, size, "%%%s%s", f.ignore ? "*" : "", CODE ); \
	} else { \
		snprintf( fmtstr, size, "%%%s%d%s", f.ignore ? "*" : "", f.wd, CODE ); \
	} /* if */ \
	/* printf( "%d %s %p\n", f.wd, fmtstr, &f.val ); */ \
	fmt( is, fmtstr, &f.val ); \
	return is; \
} // ?|?

InputFMTImpl( signed char, "hhi" )
InputFMTImpl( unsigned char, "hhi" )
InputFMTImpl( signed short int, "hi" )
InputFMTImpl( unsigned short int, "hi" )
InputFMTImpl( signed int, "i" )
InputFMTImpl( unsigned int, "i" )
InputFMTImpl( signed long int, "li" )
InputFMTImpl( unsigned long int, "li" )
InputFMTImpl( signed long long int, "lli" )
InputFMTImpl( unsigned long long int, "lli" )

InputFMTImpl( float, "f" )
InputFMTImpl( double, "lf" )
InputFMTImpl( long double, "Lf" )

forall( dtype istype | istream( istype ) )
istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(float _Complex) fc ) {
	float re, im;
	_Istream_Manip(float) fmtuc @= { re, fc.wd, fc.ignore };
	is | fmtuc;
	&fmtuc.val = &im;
	is | fmtuc;
	if ( ! fc.ignore ) fc.val = re + im * _Complex_I;	// re/im are uninitialized for ignore
	return is;
} // ?|?

forall( dtype istype | istream( istype ) )
istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(double _Complex) dc ) {
	double re, im;
	_Istream_Manip(double) fmtuc @= { re, dc.wd, dc.ignore };
	is | fmtuc;
	&fmtuc.val = &im;
	is | fmtuc;
	if ( ! dc.ignore ) dc.val = re + im * _Complex_I;	// re/im are uninitialized for ignore
	return is;
} // ?|?

forall( dtype istype | istream( istype ) )
istype & ?|?( istype & is, _Istream_Manip(long double _Complex) ldc ) {
	long double re, im;
	_Istream_Manip(long double) fmtuc @= { re, ldc.wd, ldc.ignore };
	is | fmtuc;
	&fmtuc.val = &im;
	is | fmtuc;
	if ( ! ldc.ignore ) ldc.val = re + im * _Complex_I;	// re/im are uninitialized for ignore
	return is;
} // ?|?

// Local Variables: //
// tab-width: 4 //
// compile-command: "cfa iostream.cfa" //
// End: //