Index: doc/theses/alvin_zhang_MMath/uw-ethesis.tex
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+%======================================================================
+% University of Waterloo Thesis Template for LaTeX 
+% Last Updated August 2023
+% by IST Client Services, 
+% University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
+% FOR ASSISTANCE, please send mail to ist-helpdesk@uwaterloo.ca
+
+% DISCLAIMER
+% To the best of our knowledge, this template satisfies the current uWaterloo thesis requirements.
+% However, it is your responsibility to assure that you have met all requirements of the University and your particular department.
+
+% Many thanks for the feedback from many graduates who assisted the development of this template.
+% Also note that there are explanatory comments and tips throughout this template.
+%======================================================================
+% Some important notes on using this template and making it your own...
+
+% The University of Waterloo has required electronic thesis submission since October 2006. 
+% See the uWaterloo thesis regulations at
+% https://uwaterloo.ca/graduate-studies/thesis.
+% This thesis template is geared towards generating a PDF version optimized for viewing on an electronic display, including hyperlinks within the PDF.
+
+% DON'T FORGET TO ADD YOUR OWN NAME AND TITLE in the "hyperref" package configuration below. 
+% Search for: PDFTITLE, PDFAUTHOR, PDFSUBJECT, and PDFKEYWORDS.
+% THIS INFORMATION GETS EMBEDDED IN THE FINAL PDF DOCUMENT.
+% You can view the information if you view properties of the PDF document.
+
+% Many faculties/departments also require one or more printed copies. 
+% This template attempts to satisfy both types of output. 
+% See additional notes below.
+% It is based on the standard "book" document class which provides all necessary sectioning structures and allows multi-part theses.
+
+% If you are using this template in Overleaf (cloud-based collaboration service), then it is automatically processed and previewed for you as you edit.
+
+% For people who prefer to install their own LaTeX distributions on their own computers, and process the source files manually, the following notes provide the sequence of tasks:
+ 
+% E.g. to process a thesis called "mythesis.tex" based on this template, run:
+
+% pdflatex mythesis	-- first pass of the pdflatex processor
+% bibtex mythesis	-- generates bibliography from .bib data file(s)
+% makeindex         -- should be run only if an index is used 
+% pdflatex mythesis	-- fixes numbering in cross-references, bibliographic references, glossaries, index, etc.
+% pdflatex mythesis	-- it takes a couple of passes to completely process all cross-references
+
+% If you use the recommended LaTeX editor, Texmaker, you would open the mythesis.tex file, then click the PDFLaTeX button. Then run BibTeX (under the Tools menu).
+% Then click the PDFLaTeX button two more times. 
+% If you have an index as well,you'll need to run MakeIndex from the Tools menu as well, before running pdflatex
+% the last two times.
+
+% N.B. The "pdftex" program allows graphics in the following formats to be included with the "\includegraphics" command: PNG, PDF, JPEG, TIFF
+% Tip: Generate your figures and photos in the size you want them to appear in your thesis, rather than scaling them with \includegraphics options.
+% Tip: Any drawings you do should be in scalable vector graphic formats: SVG, PNG, WMF, EPS and then converted to PNG or PDF, so they are scalable in the final PDF as well.
+% Tip: Photographs should be cropped and compressed so as not to be too large.
+
+% To create a PDF output that is optimized for double-sided printing: 
+% 1) comment-out the \documentclass statement in the preamble below, and un-comment the second \documentclass line.
+% 2) change the value assigned below to the boolean variable "PrintVersion" from " false" to "true".
+
+%======================================================================
+%   D O C U M E N T   P R E A M B L E
+% Specify the document class, default style attributes, and page dimensions, etc.
+% For hyperlinked PDF, suitable for viewing on a computer, use this:
+\documentclass[letterpaper,12pt,titlepage,oneside,final]{book}
+ 
+% For PDF, suitable for double-sided printing, change the PrintVersion variable below to "true" and use this \documentclass line instead of the one above:
+%\documentclass[letterpaper,12pt,titlepage,openright,twoside,final]{book}
+
+% Some LaTeX commands I define for my own nomenclature.
+% If you have to, it's easier to make changes to nomenclature once here than in a million places throughout your thesis!
+\newcommand{\package}[1]{\textbf{#1}} % package names in bold text
+\newcommand{\cmmd}[1]{\textbackslash\texttt{#1}} % command name in tt font 
+\newcommand{\href}[1]{#1} % does nothing, but defines the command so the print-optimized version will ignore \href tags (redefined by hyperref pkg).
+%\newcommand{\texorpdfstring}[2]{#1} % does nothing, but defines the command
+% Anything defined here may be redefined by packages added below...
+
+% This package allows if-then-else control structures.
+\usepackage{ifthen}
+\newboolean{PrintVersion}
+\setboolean{PrintVersion}{false}
+% CHANGE THIS VALUE TO "true" as necessary, to improve printed results for hard copies by overriding some options of the hyperref package, called below.
+
+%\usepackage{nomencl} % For a nomenclature (optional; available from ctan.org)
+\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amstext} % Lots of math symbols and environments
+\usepackage{fullpage,times,comment}
+\usepackage{xcolor}
+\usepackage{epic,eepic}
+%\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} % For including graphics N.B. pdftex graphics driver 
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage[labelformat=simple,aboveskip=0pt,farskip=0pt,font=normalsize]{subfig}
+\renewcommand\thesubfigure{(\alph{subfigure})}
+
+% cfa macros used in the document
+\input{common}
+%\usepackage{common}
+\CFAStyle						% CFA code-style
+\lstset{language=cfa,belowskip=-1pt} % set default language to CFA
+\lstnewenvironment{ada}[1][]{\lstset{language=[2005]Ada,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},literate={'}{\ttfamily'\!}1}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{c++}[1][]{\lstset{language=[GNU]C++,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{pascal}[1][]{\lstset{language=pascal,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{csharp}[1][]{\lstset{language=[Sharp]C,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{clang}[1][]{\lstset{language=[ANSI]C,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{Go}[1][]{\lstset{language=Go,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{haskell}[1][]{\lstset{language=Haskell,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{Java}[1][]{\lstset{language=Java,morekeywords={enum,assert,strictfp},
+	escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{!}{!},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{rust}[1][]{\lstset{language=Rust,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{swift}[1][]{\lstset{language=Swift,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{python}[1][]{\lstset{language=Python,morekeywords={match,case},
+	escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{!}{!},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+\lstnewenvironment{ocaml}[1][]{\lstset{language=OCaml,escapechar=\$,moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},}\lstset{#1}}{}
+
+\newsavebox{\myboxA}
+\newsavebox{\myboxB}
+
+% Hyperlinks make it very easy to navigate an electronic document.
+% In addition, this is where you should specify the thesis title and author as they appear in the properties of the PDF document.
+% Use the "hyperref" package 
+% N.B. HYPERREF MUST BE THE LAST PACKAGE LOADED; ADD ADDITIONAL PKGS ABOVE
+\usepackage{url}
+\usepackage[dvips,pagebackref=true]{hyperref} % with basic options
+%\usepackage[pdftex,pagebackref=true]{hyperref}
+		% N.B. pagebackref=true provides links back from the References to the body text. This can cause trouble for printing.
+\hypersetup{
+    plainpages=false,       % needed if Roman numbers in frontpages
+    unicode=false,          % non-Latin characters in Acrobat's bookmarks
+    pdftoolbar=true,        % show Acrobat's toolbar?
+    pdfmenubar=true,        % show Acrobat's menu?
+    pdffitwindow=false,     % window fit to page when opened
+    pdfstartview={FitH},    % fits the width of the page to the window
+    pdftitle={\CFA Modules}, % title: CHANGE THIS TEXT!
+    pdfauthor={Alvin Zhang}, % author: CHANGE THIS TEXT! and uncomment this line
+    pdfsubject={Cforall},  % subject: CHANGE THIS TEXT! and uncomment this line
+    pdfkeywords={Cforall} {Modules} {C language}, % optional list of keywords
+    pdfnewwindow=true,      % links in new window
+    colorlinks=true,        % false: boxed links; true: colored links
+    linkcolor=blue,         % color of internal links
+    citecolor=blue,         % color of links to bibliography
+    filecolor=magenta,      % color of file links
+    urlcolor=blue,          % color of external links
+    breaklinks=true
+}
+\ifthenelse{\boolean{PrintVersion}}{   % for improved print quality, change some hyperref options
+\hypersetup{	% override some previously defined hyperref options
+%    colorlinks,%
+    citecolor=black,%
+    filecolor=black,%
+    linkcolor=black,%
+    urlcolor=black}
+}{} % end of ifthenelse (no else)
+
+\usepackage{breakurl}
+\urlstyle{sf}
+
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}	% number subsubsection
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{4} % subsubsection in TOC
+
+%\usepackage[automake,toc,abbreviations]{glossaries-extra} % Exception to the rule of hyperref being the last add-on package
+% If glossaries-extra is not in your LaTeX distribution, get it from CTAN (http://ctan.org/pkg/glossaries-extra), 
+% although it's supposed to be in both the TeX Live and MikTeX distributions. There are also documentation and 
+% installation instructions there.
+
+% Setting up the page margins...
+% uWaterloo thesis requirements specify a minimum of 1 inch (72pt) margin at the
+% top, bottom, and outside page edges and a 1.125 in. (81pt) gutter margin (on binding side). 
+% While this is not an issue for electronic viewing, a PDF may be printed, and so we have the same page layout for both printed and electronic versions, we leave the gutter margin in.
+% Set margins to minimum permitted by uWaterloo thesis regulations:
+\setlength{\marginparwidth}{0pt} % width of margin notes
+% N.B. If margin notes are used, you must adjust \textwidth, \marginparwidth
+% and \marginparsep so that the space left between the margin notes and page
+% edge is less than 15 mm (0.6 in.)
+\setlength{\marginparsep}{0pt} % width of space between body text and margin notes
+\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.125in} % Adds 1/8 in. to binding side of all 
+% even-numbered pages when the "twoside" printing option is selected
+\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.125in} % Adds 1/8 in. to the left of all pages when "oneside" printing is selected, and to the left of all odd-numbered pages when "twoside" printing is selected
+\setlength{\textwidth}{6.375in} % assuming US letter paper (8.5 in. x 11 in.) and side margins as above
+\raggedbottom
+
+% The following statement specifies the amount of space between paragraphs. Other reasonable specifications are \bigskipamount and \smallskipamount.
+\setlength{\parskip}{\medskipamount}
+
+% The following statement controls the line spacing.  
+% The default spacing corresponds to good typographic conventions and only slight changes (e.g., perhaps "1.2"), if any, should be made.
+\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1} % this is the default line space setting
+
+% By default, each chapter will start on a recto (right-hand side) page.
+% We also force each section of the front pages to start on a recto page by inserting \cleardoublepage commands.
+% In many cases, this will require that the verso (left-hand) page be blank, and while it should be counted, a page number should not be printed.
+% The following statements ensure a page number is not printed on an otherwise blank verso page.
+\let\origdoublepage\cleardoublepage
+\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{%
+  \clearpage{\pagestyle{empty}\origdoublepage}}
+\let\cleardoublepage\clearemptydoublepage
+
+% Define Glossary terms (This is properly done here, in the preamble and could also be \input{} from a separate file...)
+%\input{glossaries}
+%\makeglossaries
+
+%======================================================================
+%   L O G I C A L    D O C U M E N T
+% The logical document contains the main content of your thesis.
+% Being a large document, it is a good idea to divide your thesis into several files, each one containing one chapter or other significant chunk of content, so you can easily shuffle things around later if desired.
+%======================================================================
+\begin{document}
+
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------
+% FRONT MATERIAL
+% title page, examining committee membership (for PhD Thesis only), declaration, borrowers' page, abstract, acknowledgements,
+% dedication, table of contents, list of tables, list of figures, nomenclature, etc.
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------
+\input{uw-ethesis-frontpgs} 
+
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------
+% MAIN BODY
+% We suggest using a separate file for each chapter of your thesis.
+% Start each chapter file with the \chapter command.
+% Only use \documentclass or \begin{document} and \end{document} commands in this master document.
+% Tip: Putting each sentence on a new line is a way to simplify later editing.
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\input{intro}
+\input{background}
+\input{modules}
+\input{conclusion}
+
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------
+% END MATERIAL
+% Bibliography, Appendices, Index, etc.
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+% Bibliography
+
+% The following statement selects the style to use for references.  
+% It controls the sort order of the entries in the bibliography and also the formatting for the in-text labels.
+\bibliographystyle{plain}
+% This specifies the location of the file containing the bibliographic information.  
+% It assumes you're using BibTeX to manage your references (if not, why not?).
+\cleardoublepage % This is needed if the "book" document class is used, to place the anchor in the correct page, because the bibliography will start on its own page.
+% Use \clearpage instead if the document class uses the "oneside" argument
+\phantomsection  % With hyperref package, enables hyperlinking from the table of contents to bibliography             
+% The following statement causes the title "References" to be used for the bibliography section:
+\renewcommand*{\bibname}{References}
+
+% Add the References to the Table of Contents
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\textbf{References}}
+
+\bibliography{pl,uw-ethesis}
+% Tip: You can create multiple .bib files to organize your references. 
+% Just list them all in the \bibliogaphy command, separated by commas (no spaces).
+
+% The following statement causes the specified references to be added to the bibliography even if they were not cited in the text. 
+% The asterisk is a wildcard that causes all entries in the bibliographic database to be included (optional).
+% \nocite{*}
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+% Appendices
+
+% The \appendix statement indicates the beginning of the appendices.
+% \appendix
+% Add an un-numbered title page before the appendices and a line in the Table of Contents
+% \chapter*{APPENDICES}
+% \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{APPENDICES}
+% Appendices are just more chapters, with different labeling (letters instead of numbers).
+% \input{appendix-matlab_plots.tex}
+
+% GLOSSARIES (Lists of definitions, abbreviations, symbols, etc. provided by the glossaries-extra package)
+% -----------------------------
+%\printglossary
+%\cleardoublepage
+%\phantomsection		% allows hyperref to link to the correct page
+
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------
+\end{document} % end of logical document
