Index: libcfa/src/Makefile.am
===================================================================
--- libcfa/src/Makefile.am	(revision 4069faade93e68df42b8c7af24253b6a041b469b)
+++ libcfa/src/Makefile.am	(revision d45ed83c96c9b73e97d7e2a855ddc87c32d1559b)
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@
 #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if BUILDLIB
-headers_nosrc = bitmanip.hfa math.hfa gmp.hfa time_t.hfa bits/align.hfa bits/containers.hfa bits/defs.hfa bits/debug.hfa bits/locks.hfa
+headers_nosrc = bitmanip.hfa math.hfa gmp.hfa time_t.hfa bits/align.hfa bits/containers.hfa bits/defs.hfa bits/debug.hfa bits/locks.hfa containers/list.hfa
 headers = fstream.hfa iostream.hfa iterator.hfa limits.hfa rational.hfa time.hfa stdlib.hfa common.hfa \
 	  containers/maybe.hfa containers/pair.hfa containers/result.hfa containers/vector.hfa
Index: libcfa/src/containers/list.hfa
===================================================================
--- libcfa/src/containers/list.hfa	(revision d45ed83c96c9b73e97d7e2a855ddc87c32d1559b)
+++ libcfa/src/containers/list.hfa	(revision d45ed83c96c9b73e97d7e2a855ddc87c32d1559b)
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+//
+// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2020 University of Waterloo
+//
+// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
+// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
+//
+// list -- lets a user-defined stuct form intrusive linked lists
+//
+// Author           : Michael Brooks
+// Created On       : Wed Apr 22 18:00:00 2020
+// Last Modified By : Michael Brooks
+// Last Modified On : Wed Apr 22 18:00:00 2020
+// Update Count     : 1
+//
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define __DLISTED_MGD_COMMON(ELEM, NODE, LINKS_FLD) \
+static inline ELEM& $tempcv_n2e(NODE &node) { \
+	return node; \
+} \
+\
+static inline NODE& $tempcv_e2n(ELEM &node) { \
+	return node; \
+} \
+\
+static inline ELEM & ?`prev(NODE &node) { \
+    $dlinks(ELEM) & ls = node.LINKS_FLD; \
+	$mgd_link(ELEM) * l = &ls.prev; \
+	ELEM * e = l->elem; \
+	return *e; \
+} \
+\
+static inline ELEM & ?`next(NODE &node) { \
+    $dlinks(ELEM) & ls = node.LINKS_FLD; \
+	$mgd_link(ELEM) * l = &ls.next; \
+	ELEM * e = l->elem; \
+	return *e; \
+} \
+\
+static inline $mgd_link(ELEM) & $prev_link(NODE &node) { \
+    $dlinks(ELEM) & ls = node.LINKS_FLD; \
+	$mgd_link(ELEM) * l = &ls.prev; \
+	return *l; \
+} \
+\
+static inline $mgd_link(ELEM) & $next_link(NODE &node) { \
+    $dlinks(ELEM) & ls = node.LINKS_FLD; \
+	$mgd_link(ELEM) * l = &ls.next; \
+	return *l; \
+}
+
+#define __DLISTED_MGD_JUSTEXPL(STRUCT, IN_THELIST, STRUCT_IN_THELIST) \
+struct STRUCT_IN_THELIST { \
+	inline STRUCT; \
+}; \
+\
+void ?{}(STRUCT_IN_THELIST &) = void; \
+\
+static inline STRUCT_IN_THELIST& ?`IN_THELIST(STRUCT &this) { \
+	return (STRUCT_IN_THELIST&)this; \
+}
+
+#define __DLISTED_MGD_JUSTIMPL(STRUCT)
+
+forall( dtype tE ) {
+	struct $mgd_link {
+		tE *elem;
+		void *terminator;
+		_Bool is_terminator;
+		// will collapse to single pointer with tag bit
+	};
+	inline void ?{}( $mgd_link(tE) &this, tE* elem ) {
+		(this.elem){ elem };
+		(this.terminator){ 0p };
+		(this.is_terminator){ 0 };
+	}
+	inline void ?{}( $mgd_link(tE) &this, void * terminator ) {
+		(this.elem){ 0p };
+		(this.terminator){ terminator };
+		(this.is_terminator){ 1 };
+	}
+	forall ( otype tInit | { void ?{}( $mgd_link(tE) &, tInit); } )
+	void ?=?( $mgd_link(tE) &this, tInit i ) {
+		^?{}( this );
+		?{}( this, i );
+	}
+	struct $dlinks {
+		// containing item is not listed
+		// iff
+		// links have (elem == 0p && terminator == 0p)
+		$mgd_link(tE) next;
+		$mgd_link(tE) prev;
+	};
+	inline void ?{}( $dlinks(tE) &this ) {
+		(this.next){ (tE *)0p };
+		(this.prev){ (tE *)0p };
+	}
+}
+
+#define DLISTED_MGD_EXPL_IN(STRUCT, LIST_SUF) \
+  $dlinks(STRUCT) $links_ ## LIST_SUF;
+
+#define DLISTED_MGD_EXPL_OUT(STRUCT, LIST_SUF) \
+  __DLISTED_MGD_JUSTEXPL(STRUCT, in_##LIST_SUF, STRUCT ## _in_ ## LIST_SUF) \
+  __DLISTED_MGD_COMMON(STRUCT, STRUCT##_in_##LIST_SUF,  $links_ ## LIST_SUF)
+
+#define DLISTED_MGD_IMPL_IN(STRUCT) \
+  $dlinks(STRUCT) $links;
+
+#define DLISTED_MGD_IMPL_OUT(STRUCT) \
+  __DLISTED_MGD_JUSTIMPL(STRUCT) \
+  __DLISTED_MGD_COMMON(STRUCT, STRUCT, $links)
+
+trait $dlistable(dtype Tnode, dtype Telem) {
+	$mgd_link(Telem) & $prev_link(Tnode &);
+	$mgd_link(Telem) & $next_link(Tnode &);
+	Telem& $tempcv_n2e(Tnode &);
+	Tnode& $tempcv_e2n(Telem &);
+};
+
+forall (dtype Tnode, dtype Telem | $dlistable(Tnode, Telem)) {
+
+	// implemented as a sentinel item in an underlying cicrular list
+	// theList.$links.next is first
+	// theList.$links.prev is last
+	// note this allocation preserves prev-next composition as an identity
+	struct dlist {
+		$dlinks(Telem) $links;
+	};
+
+	// an empty dlist
+	// links refer to self, making a tight circle
+	void ?{}( dlist(Tnode, Telem) & this ) {
+		$mgd_link(Telem) selfRef = (void *) &this;
+		( this.$links ) { selfRef, selfRef };
+	}
+
+	Telem & ?`first( dlist(Tnode, Telem) &l ) {
+		return * l.$links.next.elem;
+	}
+
+	Telem & ?`last( dlist(Tnode, Telem) &l ) {
+		return * l.$links.prev.elem;
+	}
+
+	static inline void insert_after(Tnode &list_pos, Telem &to_insert) {
+		assert (&list_pos != 0p);
+		assert (&to_insert != 0p);
+		Tnode &singleton_to_insert = $tempcv_e2n(to_insert);
+		assert($prev_link(singleton_to_insert).elem == 0p);
+		assert($next_link(singleton_to_insert).elem == 0p);
+		$prev_link(singleton_to_insert) = & $tempcv_n2e(list_pos);
+		$next_link(singleton_to_insert) = $next_link(list_pos).elem;
+		if ($next_link(list_pos).is_terminator) {
+			dlist(Tnode, Telem) *list = $next_link(list_pos).terminator;
+			$dlinks(Telem) *list_links = & list->$links;
+			$mgd_link(Telem) *list_last = & list_links->prev;
+			*list_last = &to_insert;
+		} else {
+			Telem *list_pos_next = $next_link(list_pos).elem;
+			if (list_pos_next) {
+				Tnode & lpn_inlist = $tempcv_e2n(*list_pos_next);
+				$prev_link(lpn_inlist) = &to_insert;
+			}
+		}
+		$next_link(list_pos) = &to_insert;
+	}
+
+	static inline void insert_before(Tnode &list_pos, Telem &to_insert) {
+		assert (&list_pos != 0p);
+		assert (&to_insert != 0p);
+		Tnode &singleton_to_insert = $tempcv_e2n(to_insert);
+		assert($prev_link(singleton_to_insert).elem == 0p);
+		assert($next_link(singleton_to_insert).elem == 0p);
+		$next_link(singleton_to_insert) = & $tempcv_n2e(list_pos);
+		$prev_link(singleton_to_insert) = $prev_link(list_pos).elem;
+		if ($prev_link(list_pos).is_terminator) {
+			dlist(Tnode, Telem) *list = $prev_link(list_pos).terminator;
+			$dlinks(Telem) *list_links = & list->$links;
+			$mgd_link(Telem) *list_first = & list_links->next;
+			*list_first = &to_insert;
+		} else {
+			Telem *list_pos_prev = $prev_link(list_pos).elem;
+			if (list_pos_prev) {
+				Tnode & lpp_inlist = $tempcv_e2n(*list_pos_prev);
+				$next_link(lpp_inlist) = &to_insert;
+			}
+		}
+		$prev_link(list_pos) = &to_insert;
+	}
+
+    static inline void insert_first(dlist(Tnode, Telem) &list, Telem &to_insert) {
+		assert (&list != 0p);
+		assert (&to_insert != 0p);
+		Tnode &singleton_to_insert = $tempcv_e2n(to_insert);
+		assert($prev_link(singleton_to_insert).elem == 0p);
+		assert($next_link(singleton_to_insert).elem == 0p);
+
+		$prev_link(singleton_to_insert) = (void*) &list;
+		$next_link(singleton_to_insert) = list.$links.next;
+
+		$dlinks(Telem) *listLinks = & list.$links;
+		if (listLinks->next.is_terminator) {
+			$mgd_link(Telem) * listPrevReference = & listLinks->prev;
+			*listPrevReference = &to_insert;
+		} else {
+			Tnode & next_inlist = $tempcv_e2n(*list.$links.next.elem);
+			$prev_link(next_inlist) = &to_insert;
+		}
+		$mgd_link(Telem) * listNextReference = & listLinks->next;
+		*listNextReference = &to_insert;
+	}
+
+    static inline void insert_last(dlist(Tnode, Telem) &list, Telem &to_insert) {
+		assert (&list != 0p);
+		assert (&to_insert != 0p);
+		Tnode &singleton_to_insert = $tempcv_e2n(to_insert);
+		assert($next_link(singleton_to_insert).elem == 0p);
+		assert($prev_link(singleton_to_insert).elem == 0p);
+
+		$next_link(singleton_to_insert) = (void*) &list;
+		$prev_link(singleton_to_insert) = list.$links.prev;
+
+		$dlinks(Telem) *listLinks = & list.$links;
+		if (listLinks->prev.is_terminator) {
+			$mgd_link(Telem) * listNextReference = & listLinks->next;
+			*listNextReference = &to_insert;
+		} else {
+			Tnode & prev_inlist = $tempcv_e2n(*list.$links.prev.elem);
+			$next_link(prev_inlist) = &to_insert;
+		}
+		$mgd_link(Telem) * listPrevReference = & listLinks->prev;
+		*listPrevReference = &to_insert;
+	}
+
+    static inline void remove(Tnode &list_pos) {
+		assert( &list_pos != 0p );
+
+		$mgd_link(Telem) &incoming_from_prev = *0p;
+		$mgd_link(Telem) &incoming_from_next = *0p;
+
+		if ( $prev_link(list_pos).is_terminator ) {
+			dlist(Tnode, Telem) * tgt_before = $prev_link(list_pos).terminator;
+			$dlinks(Telem) * links_before = & tgt_before->$links;
+			&incoming_from_prev = & links_before->next;
+		} else if ($prev_link(list_pos).elem) {
+			Telem * tgt_before = $prev_link(list_pos).elem;
+			Tnode & list_pos_before = $tempcv_e2n(*tgt_before);
+			&incoming_from_prev = & $next_link(list_pos_before);
+		}
+
+		if ( $next_link(list_pos).is_terminator ) {
+			dlist(Tnode, Telem) * tgt_after = $next_link(list_pos).terminator;
+			$dlinks(Telem) * links_after = & tgt_after->$links;
+			&incoming_from_next = & links_after->prev;
+		} else if ($next_link(list_pos).elem) {
+			Telem * tgt_after  = $next_link(list_pos).elem;
+			Tnode & list_pos_after  = $tempcv_e2n(*tgt_after );
+			&incoming_from_next = & $prev_link(list_pos_after );
+		}
+
+		if (& incoming_from_prev) {
+			incoming_from_prev = $next_link(list_pos);
+		}
+		if (& incoming_from_next) {
+			incoming_from_next = $prev_link(list_pos);
+		}
+
+		$next_link(list_pos) = (Telem*) 0p;
+		$prev_link(list_pos) = (Telem*) 0p;
+	}
+}
+
Index: libcfa/src/iostream.cfa
===================================================================
--- libcfa/src/iostream.cfa	(revision 4069faade93e68df42b8c7af24253b6a041b469b)
+++ libcfa/src/iostream.cfa	(revision d45ed83c96c9b73e97d7e2a855ddc87c32d1559b)
@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@
 // Created On       : Wed May 27 17:56:53 2015
 // Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
-// Last Modified On : Sun Apr 26 20:31:36 2020
-// Update Count     : 985
+// Last Modified On : Thu Apr 30 10:50:31 2020
+// Update Count     : 1001
 //
 
@@ -463,21 +463,37 @@
 			int bits = high1( f.val );					/* position of most significant bit */ \
 			if ( bits == 0 ) bits = 1;					/* 0 value => force one bit to print */ \
-			int spaces = f.wd - bits;					/* can be negative */ \
-			if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; }	/* base prefix takes space */ \
-			/* printf( "%d %d\n", bits, spaces ); */ \
+			int spaces; \
 			if ( ! f.flags.left ) {						/* right justified ? */ \
 				/* Note, base prefix then zero padding or spacing then prefix. */ \
-				if ( f.flags.pad0 || f.flags.pc ) { \
+				if ( f.flags.pc ) { \
+					spaces = f.wd - f.pc; \
+					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
+					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); /* space pad */ \
 					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
-					if ( f.flags.pc ) spaces = f.pc - bits; \
+					spaces = f.pc - bits; \
 					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0*d", spaces, 0 ); /* zero pad */ \
 				} else { \
-					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); /* space pad */ \
-					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
+					spaces = f.wd - bits; \
+					if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
+					if ( f.flags.pad0 ) { \
+						if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
+						if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0*d", spaces, 0 ); /* zero pad */ \
+					} else { \
+						if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%*s", spaces, " " ); /* space pad */ \
+						if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); } \
+					} /* if */ \
 				} /* if */ \
-			} else if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { \
-				fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); \
+			} else { \
+				if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) fmt( os, "0%c", f.base ); \
+				if ( f.flags.pc ) { \
+					spaces = f.pc - bits; \
+					if ( spaces > 0 ) fmt( os, "%0*d", spaces, 0 ); /* zero pad */ \
+					spaces = f.wd - f.pc; \
+				} else { /* pad0 flag ignored with left flag */ \
+					spaces = f.wd - bits; \
+				} /* if */ \
+				if ( ! f.flags.nobsdp ) { spaces -= 2; } /* base prefix takes space */ \
 			} /* if */ \
-			int shift = (bits - 1) / 4 * 4; /* floor( bits - 1, 4 ) */ \
+			int shift = floor( bits - 1, 4 ); \
 			typeof( f.val ) temp = f.val; \
 			fmt( os, "%s", shortbin[(temp >> shift) & 0xf] ); \
@@ -599,5 +615,5 @@
 						fmt.wd = 0; \
 						/* if ( fmt2.val > 1 && fmt.flags.pc && fmt.pc > 0 ) fmt.pc -= 1; */ \
-						/* printf( "L %llo %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt2.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all ); */ \
+						/* printf( "L %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all, fmt2.val, fmt2.wd, fmt2.pc, fmt2.base, fmt2.all ); */ \
 						(ostype &)(os | fmt | "" | fmt2); \
 						sepOff( os ); \
@@ -605,5 +621,5 @@
 						int msigd = ceiling( high1( fmt.val ), 3 ) + 1; \
 						fmt2.wd = f.wd - (fmt.pc > msigd ? fmt.pc : msigd) - 1; \
-						if ( fmt2.wd < 21 ) fmt2.wd = 21; \
+						if ( (int)fmt2.wd < 21 ) fmt2.wd = 21; /* cast deals with negative value */ \
 						fmt2.flags.pc = true; fmt2.pc = 21; \
 					} else { \
@@ -612,5 +628,5 @@
 						/*if ( ! fmt.flags.nobsdp && fmt.pc < fmt.wd ) fmt.wd -= 1;*/ \
 						fmt2.wd = 1; \
-						/* printf( "R %llo %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt2.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all ); */ \
+						/* printf( "R %llo %llo %llo %d %d '%c' %x %llo %d %d '%c' %x\n", msig, lsig, fmt.val, fmt.wd, fmt.pc, fmt.base, fmt.all, fmt2.val, fmt2.wd, fmt2.pc, fmt2.base, fmt2.all ); */ \
 						(ostype &)(os | fmt | "" | fmt2); \
 						sepOff( os ); \
Index: tests/list/.expect/dlist-insert-remove.txt
===================================================================
--- tests/list/.expect/dlist-insert-remove.txt	(revision d45ed83c96c9b73e97d7e2a855ddc87c32d1559b)
+++ tests/list/.expect/dlist-insert-remove.txt	(revision d45ed83c96c9b73e97d7e2a855ddc87c32d1559b)
@@ -0,0 +1,1465 @@
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headless List Tests - insert_after ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 1-i:  Modifying Freds on MINE 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 2-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 3-i.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headless List Tests - insert_before ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 1-ii:  Modifying Freds on MINE 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 2-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 3-ii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headed List Tests - insert_first ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 4-i:  Modifying Freds on MINE 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 5-i:  Modifying Freds on YOURS 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 6-i.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headed List Tests - insert_last ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 4-ii:  Modifying Freds on MINE 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 5-ii:  Modifying Freds on YOURS 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 6-ii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~ Element ops on Headed List Tests: after, last ~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 7-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 8-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 9-i.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element ops on Headed List Tests: before, first ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 7-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 8-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 9-ii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: mid ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 10-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 11-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 12-i.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+-
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: at first ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 10-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 11-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 12-ii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: at last ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 10-iii.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 11-iii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 12-iii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: at first ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 13-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 14-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 15-i.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: at last ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 13-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 14-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 15-ii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: of sole ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 13-iii.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+-
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 14-iii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+-
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 15-iii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+-
+-
+==== mary after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
Index: tests/list/dlist-insert-remove.cfa
===================================================================
--- tests/list/dlist-insert-remove.cfa	(revision d45ed83c96c9b73e97d7e2a855ddc87c32d1559b)
+++ tests/list/dlist-insert-remove.cfa	(revision d45ed83c96c9b73e97d7e2a855ddc87c32d1559b)
@@ -0,0 +1,1328 @@
+#include <containers/list.hfa>
+#include <fstream.hfa>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+// Section 1:  replaced by above include list.hfa
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 2
+//
+// Structure definitions
+//
+// Example of declaration-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// a fred belongs to two doubly-linked lists: mine and yours
+struct fred {
+	float adatum;
+	DLISTED_MGD_EXPL_IN(fred, mine)
+	DLISTED_MGD_EXPL_IN(fred, yours)
+};
+
+DLISTED_MGD_EXPL_OUT(fred, mine)
+DLISTED_MGD_EXPL_OUT(fred, yours)
+
+void ?{}(fred &this, float adatum) {
+	(this.adatum){adatum};
+}
+
+// a mary belongs to just one doubly-linked list: hers
+struct mary {
+	float anotherdatum;
+	DLISTED_MGD_IMPL_IN(mary)
+};
+
+DLISTED_MGD_IMPL_OUT(mary)
+
+void ?{}(mary &this, float anotherdatum) {
+	(this.anotherdatum){anotherdatum};
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 3
+//
+// Test helpers to traverse and print lists.
+//
+// These consume framework-provided accessor functions and
+// do not modify their parameter lists.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void printMyFredsFwd(fred &f) {
+	while (&f != 0p) {
+		sout | f.adatum;
+		&f = &f`in_mine`next;
+	}
+}
+
+void printMyFredsRev(fred &f) {
+	while (&f != 0p) {
+		sout | f.adatum;
+		&f = &f`in_mine`prev;
+	}
+}
+
+void printMyFreddies(fred &f1, fred &f2, int isBefore) {
+	if (isBefore) {
+		sout | "==== fred by MINE before ";
+	} else {
+		sout | "==== fred by MINE after ";
+	}
+	printMyFredsFwd(f1);	sout | '-';
+	printMyFredsRev(f1);	sout | '-';
+	printMyFredsFwd(f2);	sout | '-';
+	printMyFredsRev(f2);	sout | '-';
+}
+
+void printYourFredsFwd(fred &f) {
+	while (&f != 0p) {
+		sout | f.adatum;
+		&f = &f`in_yours`next;
+	}
+}
+
+void printYourFredsRev(fred &f) {
+	while (&f != 0p) {
+		sout | f.adatum;
+		&f = &f`in_yours`prev;
+	}
+}
+
+void printYourFreddies(fred &f1, fred &f2, int isBefore) {
+	if (isBefore) {
+		sout | "==== fred by YOURS before ";
+	} else {
+		sout | "==== fred by YOURS after ";
+	}
+	printYourFredsFwd(f1);	sout | '-';
+	printYourFredsRev(f1);	sout | '-';
+	printYourFredsFwd(f2);	sout | '-';
+	printYourFredsRev(f2);	sout | '-';
+}
+
+void printMariesFwd(mary &m) {
+	while (&m != 0p) {
+		sout | m.anotherdatum;
+		&m = &m`next;
+	}
+}
+
+void printMariesRev(mary &m) {
+	while (&m != 0p) {
+		sout | m.anotherdatum;
+		&m = &m`prev;
+	}
+}
+
+void printMariatheotokos(mary &m1, mary &m2, int isBefore) {
+	if (isBefore) {
+		sout | "==== mary before ";
+	} else {
+		sout | "==== mary after ";
+	}
+	printMariesFwd(m1);	sout | '-';
+	printMariesRev(m1);	sout | '-';
+	printMariesFwd(m2);	sout | '-';
+	printMariesRev(m2);	sout | '-';
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4a.i
+//
+// Test cases of insert_after on headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// All three tests exercise the case of merging two singleton lists into (their respective
+// positions in) one common list of two elements.
+
+// Note that the factoring of sect 4 (vs 3 and 5) keeps section 4 free of strings and IO,
+// and so keeps its assembly easy to inspect.
+
+// Throughout all the 4s, all the print functions called from these tests print:
+//  - from list position #1 moving forward  (a)
+//  - from list position #1 moving backward (b)
+//  - from list position #2 moving forward  (c)
+//  - from list position #2 moving backward (d)
+// The expected-output comments are in form a;b;c;d where a::=num,num,num
+
+void test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__fred_mine () {
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+}
+
+void test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__fred_yours () {
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+void test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__mary () {
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 1); // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4a.ii
+//
+// Test cases of insert_before on headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__fred_mine () {
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_before(f2`in_mine, f1);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+}
+
+void test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__fred_yours () {
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_before(f2`in_yours, f1);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+void test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__mary () {
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 1); // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_before(m2, m1);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4b.i
+//
+// Test cases of insert_first (necessarily headed list)
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// All three tests exercise the case of creating an empty container and
+// adding two items to it.
+
+void test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) lf;
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_first(lf, f2);
+	insert_first(lf, f1);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+}
+
+void test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) lf;
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_first(lf, f2);
+	insert_first(lf, f1);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+void test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) lm;
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 1); // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_first(lm, m2);
+	insert_first(lm, m1);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4b.ii
+//
+// Test cases of insert_last (necessarily headed list)
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__insertlast_two_on_empty__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) lf;
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_last(lf, f1);
+	insert_last(lf, f2);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+}
+
+void test__insertlast_two_on_empty__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) lf;
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_last(lf, f1);
+	insert_last(lf, f2);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+void test__insertlast_two_on_empty__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) lm;
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 1); // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_last(lm, m1);
+	insert_last(lm, m2);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4c.i
+//
+// Test cases of insert_after on headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__insertafter_after_last__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) lf;
+
+	assert(& lf`first == 0p);
+	assert(& lf`last == 0p);
+
+	insert_first(lf, f1);
+
+	assert(& lf`first == & f1);
+	assert(& lf`last == & f1);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+
+	assert(& lf`first == & f1);
+	assert(& lf`last == & f2);
+}
+
+void test__insertafter_after_last__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) lf;
+
+	assert(& lf`first == 0p);
+	assert(& lf`last == 0p);
+
+	insert_first(lf, f1);
+
+	assert(& lf`first == & f1);
+	assert(& lf`last == & f1);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+
+	assert(& lf`first == & f1);
+	assert(& lf`last == & f2);
+}
+
+void test__insertafter_after_last__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) lm;
+
+	assert(& lm`first == 0p);
+	assert(& lm`last == 0p);
+
+	insert_first(lm, m1);
+
+	assert(& lm`first == & m1);
+	assert(& lm`last == & m1);
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+
+	assert(& lm`first == & m1);
+	assert(& lm`last == & m2);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4c.ii
+//
+// Test cases of insert_before on headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__insertbefore_before_first__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) lf;
+
+	assert(& lf`first == 0p);
+	assert(& lf`last == 0p);
+
+	insert_last(lf, f2);
+
+	assert(& lf`first == & f2);
+	assert(& lf`last == & f2);
+
+	insert_before(f2`in_mine, f1);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+
+	assert(& lf`first == & f1);
+	assert(& lf`last == & f2);
+}
+
+void test__insertbefore_before_first__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) lf;
+
+	assert(& lf`first == 0p);
+	assert(& lf`last == 0p);
+
+	insert_last(lf, f2);
+
+	assert(& lf`first == & f2);
+	assert(& lf`last == & f2);
+
+	insert_before(f2`in_yours, f1);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+
+	assert(& lf`first == & f1);
+	assert(& lf`last == & f2);
+}
+
+void test__insertbefore_before_first__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) lm;
+
+	assert(& lm`first == 0p);
+	assert(& lm`last == 0p);
+
+	insert_last(lm, m2);
+
+	assert(& lm`first == & m2);
+	assert(& lm`last == & m2);
+
+	insert_before(m2, m1);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+
+	assert(& lm`first == & m1);
+	assert(& lm`last == & m2);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4d.i
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from middle of headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// These tests, in the fred cases, set up the my/your lists initially identical,
+// act on one list, and expect the other unaffected.
+
+void test__remove_mid__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f2`in_mine);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 0);     // 1.7, 3.7;       1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 1.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f2 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f2, *0p, 0);    // 2.7; 2.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f2.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f2.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_mid__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f2`in_yours);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 0);   // 1.7, 3.7;       1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f2 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f2, *0p, 0);    // 2.7; 2.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f2.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f2.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_mid__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+	insert_after(m2, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(m2);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m3, 0);     // 1.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 1.7 (modified)
+
+	// observe m2 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m2, *0p, 0);    // 2.7; 2.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m2.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m2.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4d.ii
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from first position of headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// TODO: validate headless semantic: remove of a neighbourless element is valid and no-op
+
+void test__remove_at_first__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f1`in_mine);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f2, f3, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f1.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f1.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_first__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f1`in_yours);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f2, f3, 0);   // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f1.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f1.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_first__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+	insert_after(m2, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(m1);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m2, m3, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;  2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7 (modified)
+
+	// observe m2 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m1.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m1.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4d.iii
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from last position of headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__remove_at_last__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f3`in_mine);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f3.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f3.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_last__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f3`in_yours);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f3.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f3.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_last__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+	insert_after(m2, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;  1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7 (modified)
+
+	// observe m3 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m1.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m1.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4e.i
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from first position of headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__remove_at_head__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f1`in_mine);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f1.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f1.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_head__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f1`in_yours);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f1.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f1.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_head__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) ml;
+	insert_last(ml, m1);
+	insert_last(ml, m2);
+	insert_last(ml, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(m1);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe m1 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, *0p, 0);               // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m1.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m1.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4e.ii
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from last position of headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__remove_at_tail__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f3`in_mine);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f3.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f3.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_tail__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f3`in_yours);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);               // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f3.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f3.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_tail__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) ml;
+	insert_last(ml, m1);
+	insert_last(ml, m2);
+	insert_last(ml, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe m3 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m3, *0p, 0);               //3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m3.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m3.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4e.iii
+//
+// Test cases of remove, of sole element of headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__remove_of_sole__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f = {0.7};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f);
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+
+	remove(f`in_mine);
+
+	assert(& flm`first == 0p);
+	assert(& flm`last  == 0p);
+
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f is solo in mine (now unlisted); in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f, *0p, 0);    // 0.7; 0.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+
+	insert_last(flm, f);
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+}
+
+void test__remove_of_sole__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f = {0.7};
+
+	dlist(fred_in_mine, fred) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f);
+
+	dlist(fred_in_yours, fred) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+
+	remove(f`in_yours);
+
+	assert(& fly`first == 0p);
+	assert(& fly`last  == 0p);
+
+	printYourFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);   // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f is solo in yours (now unlisted); in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f, *0p, 0);    // 0.7; 0.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+
+	insert_last(fly, f);
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+}
+
+void test__remove_of_sole__mary() {
+
+	mary m = {0.7};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) ml;
+	insert_last(ml, m);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 1);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+
+	remove(m);
+
+	assert(& ml`first == 0p);
+	assert(& ml`last  == 0p);
+
+	// observe f is solo in mine (now unlisted); in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMariatheotokos(m, *0p, 0);    // 0.7; 0.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+
+	insert_last(ml, m);
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 0);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 5
+//
+// Simple driver with the inter-scario printing
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+int main() {
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headless List Tests - insert_after ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 1-i:  Modifying Freds on MINE ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 2-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 3-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headless List Tests - insert_before ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 1-ii:  Modifying Freds on MINE ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 2-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 3-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headed List Tests - insert_first ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 4-i:  Modifying Freds on MINE ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 5-i:  Modifying Freds on YOURS ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 6-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headed List Tests - insert_last ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 4-ii:  Modifying Freds on MINE ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertlast_two_on_empty__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 5-ii:  Modifying Freds on YOURS ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertlast_two_on_empty__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 6-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertlast_two_on_empty__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~ Element ops on Headed List Tests: after, last ~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 7-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_after_last__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 8-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_after_last__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 9-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_after_last__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element ops on Headed List Tests: before, first ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 7-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_before_first__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 8-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_before_first__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 9-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_before_first__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: mid ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 10-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_mid__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 11-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_mid__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 12-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_mid__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: at first ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 10-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_first__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 11-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_first__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 12-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_first__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: at last ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 10-iii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_last__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 11-iii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_last__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 12-iii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_last__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: at first ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 13-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_head__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 14-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_head__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 15-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_head__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: at last ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 13-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_tail__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 14-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_tail__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 15-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_tail__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: of sole ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 13-iii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_of_sole__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 14-iii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_of_sole__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 15-iii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_of_sole__mary();
+
+	return 0;
+}
