Index: doc/theses/jiada_liang_MMath/main.tex =================================================================== --- doc/theses/jiada_liang_MMath/main.tex (revision 85034edc709b6220ea9dabc9a07efab793e34dab) +++ doc/theses/jiada_liang_MMath/main.tex (revision bab2917ddf427236b02c457fe13904bbca581868) @@ -73,37 +73,4 @@ - -%% -%% Submission ID. -%% Use this when submitting an article to a sponsored event. You'll -%% receive a unique submission ID from the organizers -%% of the event, and this ID should be used as the parameter to this command. -%%\acmSubmissionID{123-A56-BU3} - -%% -%% For managing citations, it is recommended to use bibliography -%% files in BibTeX format. -%% -%% You can then either use BibTeX with the ACM-Reference-Format style, -%% or BibLaTeX with the acmnumeric or acmauthoryear sytles, that include -%% support for advanced citation of software artefact from the -%% biblatex-software package, also separately available on CTAN. -%% -%% Look at the sample-*-biblatex.tex files for templates showcasing -%% the biblatex styles. -%% - -%% -%% The majority of ACM publications use numbered citations and -%% references. The command \citestyle{authoryear} switches to the -%% "author year" style. -%% -%% If you are preparing content for an event -%% sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH, you must use the "author year" style of -%% citations and references. -%% Uncommenting -%% the next command will enable that style. -%%\citestyle{acmauthoryear} - %% %% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source. @@ -128,5 +95,5 @@ %% article. \begin{abstract} - An enumeration, or enum in short, is a type that defines a list of named constant values in C. Cforall extends the enumeration with additional features. + An enumeration, or enum in short, is a type that defines a list of named constant values in C. C uses integral type as the underlying representation of enum. Cforall extends C enum to allow more types, including custom types, to be used as enumeration inner representation. \end{abstract} @@ -143,10 +110,63 @@ \section{C-Style Enum} +\begin{lstlisting}[style=CStyle, label{lst:weekday}] +enum Weekday { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday=10, Friday, Saturday, Sunday }; +\end{lstlisting} +Cforall supports the C-Style enumeration (C-enum for short). It has the same syntax as C and resembles the same language semantics. In code~\ref{lst:weekday} example, the syntax defines an enum class $Weekday$ with enumerators $Monday$, $Tuesday$, $Wednesday$, $Thursday$, $Friday$, $Saturday$ and $Sunday$ in order. The successor of $Tuesday$ is $Monday$ and the predecessor of $Tuesday$ is $Wednesday$. Enumerators have an integral type, either being explicitly initialized by an initializer or being assigned a value by the compiler. For example, $Thursday$ has been assigned with value $10$. If not explicitly initialized, the first value of an enum, $Monday$ in the $Weekday$ example, has the integer value 0. Other uninitialized enum value has a value that is equal to their successor $+ 1$. The enum value $Tuesday$, $Wednesday$, $Friday$, $Saturday$, and $Sunday$ have value 1, 2, 11, 12, and 13 respectively. + +\begin{lstlisting}[label{lst:enum_scope}, style=CStyle] +{ + { + enum RGB {R, G, B}; + int i = R // i == 0 + } + int j = G; // ERROR! G is not declared in this scope +} +\end{lstlisting} +C-enums are unscoped: enumerators declared inside of an enum are visible in the enclosing scope of the enum class. + +\section{Cforall-Style Enum} +\begin{lstlisting}[style=CStyle, label{lst:color}] +enum Color(char *) { Red="R", Green="G", Blue="B" }; +\end{lstlisting} +A Cforall enumeration is parameterized by a type declared. Cforall allows any oType in the enum declaration, and values assigned to enumerators must be in the declared type. + +\section{Enumerable Type Traits} +A trait is a collection of constraints in Cforall, which can be used to describe types. Cforall standard library defines traits to categorize types that are related enumeration features. +\subsection{Enumerable} +A type is enumerable if it can map an integer to a value. \begin{lstlisting}[style=CStyle] -enum Weekday { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday }; -\end{lstlisting} -Cforall supports the classic C-Style enumeration (C-enum for short) and its syntax is consistent with C. No internal data structure is generated for C-enum, and C-enum does not provide the Cforall-enum interface methods. - -\section{Cforall Enum} +forall(T) +trait Enumerable { + T value( *class_name* , int ); +}; +\end{lstlisting} +The parameter class name stands for the name of an enumeration class, Weekday, for example. + +\subsection{AutoInitializable} +\begin{lstlisting}[style=CStyle] +forall(T) +trait AutoInitializable { + void ?()( T & t, zero_t ); + void ?()( T & t, one_t ); + S& ?+=?( T & t, one_t ); + void ?{}( T &, T ); + T ?{}( T &, T ); +}; +\end{lstlisting} + +\subsection{AutoInitializable} +\begin{lstlisting}[style=CStyle] +forall(T) +trait AutoInitializable { + void ?()( T & t, zero_t ); + void ?()( T & t, one_t ); + S& ?+=?( T & t, one_t ); + void ?{}( T &, T ); + T ?{}( T &, T ); +}; +\end{lstlisting} +A type is AutoInitializable if it has defined a zero\_t constructor, a one\_t constructor, an addition assignment operator, a copy constructor, and a copy assignment operator. + \subsection{Enumerable Type} \begin{lstlisting}[style=CStyle] @@ -160,5 +180,8 @@ }; \end{lstlisting} -A type is enumerable in Cforall if it has defined 0, 1, increment operator, copy constructor, and copy assignment operator. + + + + (Should change the definition of enumerable to something else. Maybe auto-constructible. If a type is not auto-constructible, all enumeration must be explicitly initialized) @@ -224,9 +247,15 @@ Names of labels are distinct in an enum declaration. Cforall therefore allows indexing an enum value with its string representation of a label. -\subsection{Range Functions and Iteration (Placeholder)} +\subsection{Iteration and Range} +A Cforall enum is iterable and supports range function. \begin{lstlisting}[caption={Range Functions}, label{lst:range_functions}, style=CStyle] -enum Weekday( - Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday -}; +struct string; +enum(string) Weekday( + Monday = "M", Tuesday = "Tu", ... +}; +for ( i; Weekday ) { sout | i; } +>> M Tu W Th F Sat Sun +for ( Monday ~= Tuesday ) +>> M Tu \end{lstlisting} @@ -249,4 +278,5 @@ } >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +enum Color.Label; Companion( string ) Color = { .values = [ "Red", "Green", "Blue" ], @@ -255,9 +285,22 @@ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> forall( T | enumerable(T) ) -T* value( Companion, int ); -char* label( Companion, int ); -\end{lstlisting} - -\subsection{TODO - Type trait for Cforall - Enum} +T value( Companion companion, int index ) { return companion.values[ index ]; } +T value( Companion, enum Color.Label ); +char* label( Companion companion, int index ) { return companion.values[ index ]; } +char* label( Companion, enum Color.Label ); + +\end{lstlisting} + + +\subsection{Companion Trait} +Users can define the companion object themselves. A companion object should define an array of any type called values and an array of strings representing a label. Defining a companion object effectively creates a new enumerable type. + +\subsection{Companion Mapping} + + + +\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Enum Type Functions}, label{lst:cforall_enum_functions}, style=CStyle] + +\end{lstlisting} %% %% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.