Index: doc/proposals/tagged-struct.txt
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-Proposal to add simple inhieritance to the language.
-
-Tagged structures allow for dynamic casting between types in a hierarchy.
-Children (rather pointers to) can be up-cast to their parents, a safe
-conversion that may recive language level support or even be implicit.
-Parents can be down cast to their children, which might fail if the underlying
-object is not of the child type, or a child of that.
-
-This does not however cause dynamic look-up. During function calls the
-underlying type is ignored, and the pointer type is used to type match the
-function call.
-
-The name tagged structure comes from tagged union, which carries a value to
-say which of the possible values is currently stored in the union. The idea
-here is similar, however the possibilities are more open ended.
-
-Alternate names include virtual structure and abstract structure.
-
-
-Syntax:
-
-"struct" name [ "tagged" [ parent-name ] ] "{" fields "}"
-
-The keywords can change (although they currently reflect the concept name
-closely). More formally, in terms of grammar this adds:
-
-struct-or-union-specifier
-	...
-	struct identifier tagged { struct-declaration-list }
-	struct identifier tagged parent-identifier { struct-declaration-list }
-
-"tagged" by itself create a tagged structure that is the root of a new tree.
-It has no parent tagged structure. If "tagged" is used with a parent than
-that is the parent of this node.
-
-Tagged structures have fields beyond the ones listed. Root tags have a type
-field added which give the type of the instance. Child tags prepend all of
-their parent's fields to their field list so they can be upcast.
-
-The type field may be public, if it is then it can be accessed through a
-simple field access "instance.type". The type field would then be able to be
-used to access the type object, which contains the information for the type.
-It may just be a pointer to the type object "*instance.type", although a
-lookup function could also be used.
-
-
-Usage:
-
-The central feature for tagged structs is a checked cast between pointer types
-to the structures. A cast is successful if the true type of the pointed object
-is of the type being cast to or any of its children, otherwise the cast
-returns null.
-
-The type field should also allow for equality comparison of types.
-
-Currently, with only these operations (and similar features) the type field
-could be hidden and the operations given through helper functions. However
-if the type object has more complex (or even open ended) information in it
-than providing direct access becomes very valuable.
-
-
-Implemenation:
-
-Adding to the field list would have to be handled during translation. The
-simple act of adding declarations should not be difficult, althought it might
-take a bit of work to find the parent's declarations.
-
-Type objects are also simple in to generate, they should just be global
-(program lifetime) structures. Getting there to be exactly one instance of
-each allows the pointer to the structure to be used as the type id, and that
-should be possible to do during linking.
-
-If a generic/polymorphic type is tagged its tagged would then be shared
-between all applications of that generic. Internal tags could be used to
-seperate these structures again, however it seems in most cases simply using
-the existing type parameters should provide the needed information.
-
-
-Traits:
-
-[is_]tagged[_struct](dtype T)
-True if the given T is a tagged struct of some kind. This promises that it has
-a type object, but nothing else.
-
-[is_]tagged_under(dtype parent, dtype child)
-True if child is a child type of parent. Requires that both are tagged structs
-and that child can upcast to parent.
-
-
-Functions:
-
-forall(dtype T | is_tagged(T), dtype U | is_tagged(U))
-T * dynamic_cast(U * value)
-The cast function, that safely converts the U* into a T*, returning null if
-the underlying object value points to is not a child type of T. A shorter name
-might be perfered. The runtime should be no more than linear with the depth
-of U in the inhiertance tree.
-
-bug#11 might require `bool dynamic_cast(T ** dst, U * src)` instead.
-
-
-Tagging Unions (Extention):
-
-Using this system as is does not really work if used on unions directly.
-No new options to the union can be added, as they must be able to upcast.
-Similarly, if options are removed, writing to an upcast union is invalid.
-To allow for growth each option would have to be a structure itself.
-
-Which brings us to "tagged struct union", ie. a union of tagged structures
-as opposed to tagging the union itself. This extention acts as a constraint.
-If unions are declared tagged instead of creating a new tagged type, all
-possible values of the union must be of that tagged type or a child type. If
-the tagged type is omitted then they must all be tagged but of any tagged
-type.
-
-As a short cut union_instance->type might get the type object of the loaded
-value. It should always be the same operation regardless so it saves
-abritarly picking a branch of the union to get the type object.
-
-
-Type Objects Fields (Extention):
-
-Adding fields to the type object allows data to be shared between instances
-of the same type. Such behaviour could be mimiced by creating a lookup
-function on the type object pointer, but this may be cleaner and more
-efficient.
-
-The type object fields follow similar rules to the fields on the tagged
-objects themselves, they must be additive. So any fields present on a
-type object will be present (and in the same place) on all of its children.
-
-This does mean that many type object structure types will have to be auto
-generated, and traversing up the tree might get a little wierd. That could
-be symplified by only allowing the root type to specify fields on the type
-object, so that the type object is consistant throughout that particular tree.
-And hence the type_object pointers would also be consistant as the type they
-point to would never change.
-
-struct Example tagged {
-	tagged char const * const type_name = "Example";
-	int data;
-};
-
-Creates a tagged structure that has no parent, stores an integer and the type
-object also has an extra field that stores a string on the type object.
-This can be accessed by using member access on the type object, as a regular
-structure.
-
-Type object fields will have to allow initialization on their declaration,
-and declarations of children as well, as they are not assotiated with the
-later instances of the tagged structure.
-
-	...
-	tagged void (*dtor)(tagged Example * this);
-	...
-
-Sub-Extention, not sure how it would work but some way to have a "dynamic"
-field that is considered the type of the current tagged struct might be useful
-for things like specifying a deconstructor. In this case, the following code
-will clean up any child type of Example:
-
-Example * ex = get_some_example();
-ex->type->dtor(ex);
