Changeset ae357ec for src/GenPoly/Box.cc

Timestamp:

Mar 8, 2016, 10:25:06 PM (8 years ago)

Author:

Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>

Branches:

ADT, aaron-thesis, arm-eh, ast-experimental, cleanup-dtors, ctor, deferred_resn, demangler, enum, forall-pointer-decay, gc_noraii, jacob/cs343-translation, jenkins-sandbox, master, memory, new-ast, new-ast-unique-expr, new-env, no_list, persistent-indexer, pthread-emulation, qualifiedEnum, resolv-new, string, with_gc

Children:

5447e09

Parents:

b63e376 (diff), bed4c63e (diff)
Note: this is a merge changeset, the changes displayed below correspond to the merge itself.
Use the (diff) links above to see all the changes relative to each parent.

Message:

Merge branch 'master' of plg2:software/cfa/cfa-cc

File:

• src/GenPoly/Box.cc (modified) (13 diffs)

src/GenPoly/Box.cc

@@ -14 +14 @@
 //
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <stack>
 #include <string>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 #include <cassert>
 
 #include "Box.h"
-#include "InstantiateGeneric.h"
+#include "DeclMutator.h"
 #include "PolyMutator.h"
 #include "FindFunction.h"
+#include "ScopedMap.h"
 #include "ScrubTyVars.h"
 
@@ -30 +35 @@
 
 #include "SynTree/Constant.h"
-#include "SynTree/Type.h"
+#include "SynTree/Declaration.h"
 #include "SynTree/Expression.h"
 #include "SynTree/Initializer.h"
+#include "SynTree/Mutator.h"
 #include "SynTree/Statement.h"
-#include "SynTree/Mutator.h"
+#include "SynTree/Type.h"
+#include "SynTree/TypeSubstitution.h"
 
 #include "ResolvExpr/TypeEnvironment.h"
@@ -40 +47 @@
 #include "ResolvExpr/typeops.h"
 
+#include "SymTab/Indexer.h"
 #include "SymTab/Mangler.h"
 
@@ -54 +62 @@
                 FunctionType *makeAdapterType( FunctionType *adaptee, const TyVarMap &tyVars );
 
+                /// Key for a unique concrete type; generic base type paired with type parameter list
+                struct ConcreteType {
+                        ConcreteType() : base(NULL), params() {}
+
+                        ConcreteType(AggregateDecl *_base, const std::list< Type* >& _params) : base(_base), params() { cloneAll(_params, params); }
+
+                        ConcreteType(const ConcreteType& that) : base(that.base), params() { cloneAll(that.params, params); }
+
+                        /// Extracts types from a list of TypeExpr*
+                        ConcreteType(AggregateDecl *_base, const std::list< TypeExpr* >& _params) : base(_base), params() {
+                                for ( std::list< TypeExpr* >::const_iterator param = _params.begin(); param != _params.end(); ++param ) {
+                                        params.push_back( (*param)->get_type()->clone() );
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        ConcreteType& operator= (const ConcreteType& that) {
+                                deleteAll( params );
+                                params.clear();
+
+                                base = that.base;
+                                cloneAll( that.params, params );
+
+                                return *this;
+                        }
+
+                        ~ConcreteType() { deleteAll( params ); }
+
+                        bool operator== (const ConcreteType& that) const {
+                                if ( base != that.base ) return false;
+
+                                SymTab::Indexer dummy;
+                                if ( params.size() != that.params.size() ) return false;
+                                for ( std::list< Type* >::const_iterator it = params.begin(), jt = that.params.begin(); it != params.end(); ++it, ++jt ) {
+                                        if ( ! ResolvExpr::typesCompatible( *it, *jt, dummy ) ) return false;
+                                }
+                                return true;
+                        }
+
+                        AggregateDecl *base;        ///< Base generic type
+                        std::list< Type* > params;  ///< Instantiation parameters
+                };
+
+                /// Maps a concrete type to the some value, accounting for scope
+                template< typename Value >
+                class InstantiationMap {
+                        /// Information about a specific instantiation of a generic type
+                        struct Instantiation {
+                                ConcreteType key;  ///< Instantiation parameters for this type
+                                Value *value;      ///< Value for this instantiation
+
+                                Instantiation() : key(), value(0) {}
+                                Instantiation(const ConcreteType &_key, Value *_value) : key(_key), value(_value) {}
+                        };
+                        /// Map of generic types to instantiations of them
+                        typedef std::map< AggregateDecl*, std::vector< Instantiation > > Scope;
+
+                        std::vector< Scope > scopes;  ///< list of scopes, from outermost to innermost
+
+                public:
+                        /// Starts a new scope
+                        void beginScope() {
+                                Scope scope;
+                                scopes.push_back(scope);
+                        }
+
+                        /// Ends a scope
+                        void endScope() {
+                                scopes.pop_back();
+                        }
+
+                        /// Default constructor initializes with one scope
+                        InstantiationMap() { beginScope(); }
+
+//              private:
+                        /// Gets the value for the concrete instantiation of this type, assuming it has already been instantiated in the current scope.
+                        /// Returns NULL on none such.
+                        Value *lookup( AggregateDecl *generic, const std::list< TypeExpr* >& params ) {
+                                ConcreteType key(generic, params);
+                                // scan scopes from innermost out
+                                for ( typename std::vector< Scope >::const_reverse_iterator scope = scopes.rbegin(); scope != scopes.rend(); ++scope ) {
+                                        // skip scope if no instantiations of this generic type
+                                        typename Scope::const_iterator insts = scope->find( generic );
+                                        if ( insts == scope->end() ) continue;
+                                        // look through instantiations for matches to concrete type
+                                        for ( typename std::vector< Instantiation >::const_iterator inst = insts->second.begin(); inst != insts->second.end(); ++inst ) {
+                                                if ( inst->key == key ) return inst->value;
+                                        }
+                                }
+                                // no matching instantiation found
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                public:
+//                      StructDecl* lookup( StructInstType *inst, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &typeSubs ) { return (StructDecl*)lookup( inst->get_baseStruct(), typeSubs ); }
+//                      UnionDecl* lookup( UnionInstType *inst, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &typeSubs ) { return (UnionDecl*)lookup( inst->get_baseUnion(), typeSubs ); }
+
+//              private:
+                        /// Adds a value for a concrete type to the current scope
+                        void insert( AggregateDecl *generic, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &params, Value *value ) {
+                                ConcreteType key(generic, params);
+                                scopes.back()[generic].push_back( Instantiation( key, value ) );
+                        }
+//              public:
+//                      void insert( StructInstType *inst, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &typeSubs, StructDecl *decl ) { insert( inst->get_baseStruct(), typeSubs, decl ); }
+//                      void insert( UnionInstType *inst, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &typeSubs, UnionDecl *decl ) { insert( inst->get_baseUnion(), typeSubs, decl ); }
+                };
+
+                /// Adds layout-generation functions to polymorphic types
+                class LayoutFunctionBuilder : public DeclMutator {
+                        unsigned int functionNesting;  // current level of nested functions
+                public:
+                        LayoutFunctionBuilder() : functionNesting( 0 ) {}
+
+                        virtual DeclarationWithType *mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl );
+                        virtual Declaration *mutate( StructDecl *structDecl );
+                        virtual Declaration *mutate( UnionDecl *unionDecl );
+                };
+                
                 /// Replaces polymorphic return types with out-parameters, replaces calls to polymorphic functions with adapter calls as needed, and adds appropriate type variables to the function call
                 class Pass1 : public PolyMutator {
@@ -100 +225 @@
                         ObjectDecl *makeTemporary( Type *type );
 
-                        typedef std::map< std::string, DeclarationWithType *> AdapterMap;
                         std::map< std::string, DeclarationWithType *> assignOps;
                         ResolvExpr::TypeMap< DeclarationWithType > scopedAssignOps;
-                        std::stack< AdapterMap > adapters;
+                        ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType* > adapters;
                         DeclarationWithType *retval;
                         bool useRetval;
@@ -124 +248 @@
 
                         std::map< UniqueId, std::string > adapterName;
+                };
+
+                /// Mutator pass that replaces concrete instantiations of generic types with actual struct declarations, scoped appropriately
+                class GenericInstantiator : public DeclMutator {
+                        /// Map of (generic type, parameter list) pairs to concrete type instantiations
+                        InstantiationMap< AggregateDecl > instantiations;
+                        /// Namer for concrete types
+                        UniqueName typeNamer;
+
+                public:
+                        GenericInstantiator() : DeclMutator(), instantiations(), typeNamer("_conc_") {}
+
+                        virtual Type* mutate( StructInstType *inst );
+                        virtual Type* mutate( UnionInstType *inst );
+
+        //              virtual Expression* mutate( MemberExpr *memberExpr );
+
+                        virtual void doBeginScope();
+                        virtual void doEndScope();
+                private:
+                        /// Wrap instantiation lookup for structs
+                        StructDecl* lookup( StructInstType *inst, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &typeSubs ) { return (StructDecl*)instantiations.lookup( inst->get_baseStruct(), typeSubs ); }
+                        /// Wrap instantiation lookup for unions
+                        UnionDecl* lookup( UnionInstType *inst, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &typeSubs ) { return (UnionDecl*)instantiations.lookup( inst->get_baseUnion(), typeSubs ); }
+                        /// Wrap instantiation insertion for structs
+                        void insert( StructInstType *inst, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &typeSubs, StructDecl *decl ) { instantiations.insert( inst->get_baseStruct(), typeSubs, decl ); }
+                        /// Wrap instantiation insertion for unions
+                        void insert( UnionInstType *inst, const std::list< TypeExpr* > &typeSubs, UnionDecl *decl ) { instantiations.insert( inst->get_baseUnion(), typeSubs, decl ); }
                 };
 
@@ -159 +311 @@
         } // anonymous namespace
 
-        void printAllNotBuiltin( const std::list< Declaration *>& translationUnit, std::ostream &os ) {
-                for ( std::list< Declaration *>::const_iterator i = translationUnit.begin(); i != translationUnit.end(); ++i ) {
-                        if ( ! LinkageSpec::isBuiltin( (*i)->get_linkage() ) ) {
-                                (*i)->print( os );
-                                os << std::endl;
-                        } // if
-                } // for
-        }
-
         /// version of mutateAll with special handling for translation unit so you can check the end of the prelude when debugging
         template< typename MutatorType >
@@ -195 +338 @@
 
         void box( std::list< Declaration *>& translationUnit ) {
+                LayoutFunctionBuilder layoutBuilder;
                 Pass1 pass1;
                 Pass2 pass2;
+                GenericInstantiator instantiator;
                 MemberExprFixer memberFixer;
                 Pass3 pass3;
+                
+                layoutBuilder.mutateDeclarationList( translationUnit );
                 mutateTranslationUnit/*All*/( translationUnit, pass1 );
                 mutateTranslationUnit/*All*/( translationUnit, pass2 );
-                instantiateGeneric( translationUnit );
+//              instantiateGeneric( translationUnit );
+                instantiator.mutateDeclarationList( translationUnit );
                 mutateTranslationUnit/*All*/( translationUnit, memberFixer );
                 mutateTranslationUnit/*All*/( translationUnit, pass3 );
         }
 
+        ////////////////////////////////// LayoutFunctionBuilder ////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        DeclarationWithType *LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( FunctionDecl *functionDecl ) {
+                functionDecl->set_functionType( maybeMutate( functionDecl->get_functionType(), *this ) );
+                mutateAll( functionDecl->get_oldDecls(), *this );
+                ++functionNesting;
+                functionDecl->set_statements( maybeMutate( functionDecl->get_statements(), *this ) );
+                --functionNesting;
+                return functionDecl;
+        }
+        
+        /// Get a list of type declarations that will affect a layout function
+        std::list< TypeDecl* > takeOtypeOnly( std::list< TypeDecl* > &decls ) {
+                std::list< TypeDecl * > otypeDecls;
+
+                for ( std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator decl = decls.begin(); decl != decls.end(); ++decl ) {
+                        if ( (*decl)->get_kind() == TypeDecl::Any ) {
+                                otypeDecls.push_back( *decl );
+                        }
+                }
+                
+                return otypeDecls;
+        }
+
+        /// Adds parameters for otype layout to a function type
+        void addOtypeParams( FunctionType *layoutFnType, std::list< TypeDecl* > &otypeParams ) {
+                BasicType sizeAlignType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
+                
+                for ( std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator param = otypeParams.begin(); param != otypeParams.end(); ++param ) {
+                        TypeInstType paramType( Type::Qualifiers(), (*param)->get_name(), *param );
+                        layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( new ObjectDecl( sizeofName( &paramType ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignType.clone(), 0 ) );
+                        layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( new ObjectDecl( alignofName( &paramType ), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignType.clone(), 0 ) );
+                }
+        }
+
+        /// Builds a layout function declaration
+        FunctionDecl *buildLayoutFunctionDecl( const std::string &typeName, unsigned int functionNesting, FunctionType *layoutFnType ) {
+                // Routines at global scope marked "static" to prevent multiple definitions is separate translation units
+                // because each unit generates copies of the default routines for each aggregate.
+                FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = new FunctionDecl(
+                        "__layoutof_" + typeName, functionNesting > 0 ? DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass : DeclarationNode::Static, LinkageSpec::AutoGen, layoutFnType, new CompoundStmt( noLabels ), true, false );
+                layoutDecl->fixUniqueId();
+                return layoutDecl;
+        }
+
+        /// Makes a unary operation
+        Expression *makeOp( const std::string &name, Expression *arg ) {
+                UntypedExpr *expr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( name ) );
+                expr->get_args().push_back( arg );
+                return expr;
+        }
+
+        /// Makes a binary operation
+        Expression *makeOp( const std::string &name, Expression *lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
+                UntypedExpr *expr = new UntypedExpr( new NameExpr( name ) );
+                expr->get_args().push_back( lhs );
+                expr->get_args().push_back( rhs );
+                return expr;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the dereference of a local pointer variable
+        Expression *derefVar( ObjectDecl *var ) {
+                return makeOp( "*?", new VariableExpr( var ) );
+        }
+
+        /// makes an if-statement with a single-expression if-block and no then block
+        Statement *makeCond( Expression *cond, Expression *ifPart ) {
+                return new IfStmt( noLabels, cond, new ExprStmt( noLabels, ifPart ), 0 );
+        }
+
+        /// makes a statement that assigns rhs to lhs if lhs < rhs
+        Statement *makeAssignMax( Expression *lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
+                return makeCond( makeOp( "?<?", lhs, rhs ), makeOp( "?=?", lhs->clone(), rhs->clone() ) );
+        }
+
+        /// makes a statement that aligns lhs to rhs (rhs should be an integer power of two)
+        Statement *makeAlignTo( Expression *lhs, Expression *rhs ) {
+                // check that the lhs is zeroed out to the level of rhs
+                Expression *ifCond = makeOp( "?&?", lhs, makeOp( "?-?", rhs, new ConstantExpr( Constant( new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt ), "1" ) ) ) );
+                // if not aligned, increment to alignment
+                Expression *ifExpr = makeOp( "?+=?", lhs->clone(), makeOp( "?-?", rhs->clone(), ifCond->clone() ) );
+                return makeCond( ifCond, ifExpr );
+        }
+        
+        /// adds an expression to a compound statement
+        void addExpr( CompoundStmt *stmts, Expression *expr ) {
+                stmts->get_kids().push_back( new ExprStmt( noLabels, expr ) );
+        }
+
+        /// adds a statement to a compound statement
+        void addStmt( CompoundStmt *stmts, Statement *stmt ) {
+                stmts->get_kids().push_back( stmt );
+        }
+        
+        Declaration *LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( StructDecl *structDecl ) {
+                // do not generate layout function for "empty" tag structs
+                if ( structDecl->get_members().empty() ) return structDecl;
+
+                // get parameters that can change layout, exiting early if none
+                std::list< TypeDecl* > otypeParams = takeOtypeOnly( structDecl->get_parameters() );
+                if ( otypeParams.empty() ) return structDecl;
+
+                // build layout function signature
+                FunctionType *layoutFnType = new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false );
+                BasicType *sizeAlignType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
+                PointerType *sizeAlignOutType = new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), sizeAlignType );
+                
+                ObjectDecl *sizeParam = new ObjectDecl( "__sizeof_" + structDecl->get_name(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType, 0 );
+                layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( sizeParam );
+                ObjectDecl *alignParam = new ObjectDecl( "__alignof_" + structDecl->get_name(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
+                layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( alignParam );
+                ObjectDecl *offsetParam = new ObjectDecl( "__offsetof_" + structDecl->get_name(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
+                layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( offsetParam );
+                addOtypeParams( layoutFnType, otypeParams );
+
+                // build function decl
+                FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = buildLayoutFunctionDecl( structDecl->get_name(), functionNesting, layoutFnType );
+
+                // calculate struct layout in function body
+
+                // initialize size and alignment to 0 and 1 (will have at least one member to re-edit size
+                addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "0" ) ) ) );
+                addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( alignParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
+                unsigned long n_members = 0;
+                bool firstMember = true;
+                for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = structDecl->get_members().begin(); member != structDecl->get_members().end(); ++member ) {
+                        DeclarationWithType *dwt = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType * >( *member );
+                        assert( dwt );
+                        Type *memberType = dwt->get_type();
+
+                        if ( firstMember ) {
+                                firstMember = false;
+                        } else {
+                                // make sure all members after the first (automatically aligned at 0) are properly padded for alignment
+                                addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
+                        }
+                        
+                        // place current size in the current offset index
+                        addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", makeOp( "?[?]", new VariableExpr( offsetParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant::from( n_members ) ) ),
+                                                                              derefVar( sizeParam ) ) );
+                        ++n_members;
+
+                        // add member size to current size
+                        addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?+=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new SizeofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
+                        
+                        // take max of member alignment and global alignment
+                        addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( alignParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
+                }
+                // make sure the type is end-padded to a multiple of its alignment
+                addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), derefVar( alignParam ) ) );
+
+                addDeclarationAfter( layoutDecl );
+                return structDecl;
+        }
+        
+        Declaration *LayoutFunctionBuilder::mutate( UnionDecl *unionDecl ) {
+                // do not generate layout function for "empty" tag unions
+                if ( unionDecl->get_members().empty() ) return unionDecl;
+                
+                // get parameters that can change layout, exiting early if none
+                std::list< TypeDecl* > otypeParams = takeOtypeOnly( unionDecl->get_parameters() );
+                if ( otypeParams.empty() ) return unionDecl;
+
+                // build layout function signature
+                FunctionType *layoutFnType = new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false );
+                BasicType *sizeAlignType = new BasicType( Type::Qualifiers(), BasicType::LongUnsignedInt );
+                PointerType *sizeAlignOutType = new PointerType( Type::Qualifiers(), sizeAlignType );
+                
+                ObjectDecl *sizeParam = new ObjectDecl( "__sizeof_" + unionDecl->get_name(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType, 0 );
+                layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( sizeParam );
+                ObjectDecl *alignParam = new ObjectDecl( "__alignof_" + unionDecl->get_name(), DeclarationNode::NoStorageClass, LinkageSpec::Cforall, 0, sizeAlignOutType->clone(), 0 );
+                layoutFnType->get_parameters().push_back( alignParam );
+                addOtypeParams( layoutFnType, otypeParams );
+
+                // build function decl
+                FunctionDecl *layoutDecl = buildLayoutFunctionDecl( unionDecl->get_name(), functionNesting, layoutFnType );
+
+                // calculate union layout in function body
+                addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( sizeParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
+                addExpr( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeOp( "?=?", derefVar( alignParam ), new ConstantExpr( Constant( sizeAlignType->clone(), "1" ) ) ) );
+                for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = unionDecl->get_members().begin(); member != unionDecl->get_members().end(); ++member ) {
+                        DeclarationWithType *dwt = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType * >( *member );
+                        assert( dwt );
+                        Type *memberType = dwt->get_type();
+                        
+                        // take max member size and global size
+                        addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( sizeParam ), new SizeofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
+                        
+                        // take max of member alignment and global alignment
+                        addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAssignMax( derefVar( alignParam ), new AlignofExpr( memberType->clone() ) ) );
+                }
+                // make sure the type is end-padded to a multiple of its alignment
+                addStmt( layoutDecl->get_statements(), makeAlignTo( derefVar( sizeParam ), derefVar( alignParam ) ) );
+
+                addDeclarationAfter( layoutDecl );
+                return unionDecl;
+        }
+        
         ////////////////////////////////////////// Pass1 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -245 +591 @@
                 }
 
-                Pass1::Pass1() : useRetval( false ), tempNamer( "_temp" ) {
-                        adapters.push(AdapterMap());
-                }
+                Pass1::Pass1() : useRetval( false ), tempNamer( "_temp" ) {}
 
                 /// Returns T if the given declaration is (*?=?)(T *, T) for some TypeInstType T (return not checked, but maybe should be), NULL otherwise
@@ -350 +694 @@
                                 } // for
 
-                                AdapterMap & adapters = Pass1::adapters.top();
                                 for ( std::list< FunctionType *>::iterator funType = functions.begin(); funType != functions.end(); ++funType ) {
                                         std::string mangleName = mangleAdapterName( *funType, scopeTyVars );
@@ -772 +1115 @@
                                         mangleName += makePolyMonoSuffix( originalFunction, exprTyVars );
 
-                                        AdapterMap & adapters = Pass1::adapters.top();
-                                        AdapterMap::iterator adapter = adapters.find( mangleName );
+                                        typedef ScopedMap< std::string, DeclarationWithType* >::iterator AdapterIter;
+                                        AdapterIter adapter = adapters.find( mangleName );
                                         if ( adapter == adapters.end() ) {
                                                 // adapter has not been created yet in the current scope, so define it
                                                 FunctionDecl *newAdapter = makeAdapter( *funType, realFunction, mangleName, exprTyVars );
-                                                adapter = adapters.insert( adapters.begin(), std::pair< std::string, DeclarationWithType *>( mangleName, newAdapter ) );
+                                                std::pair< AdapterIter, bool > answer = adapters.insert( std::pair< std::string, DeclarationWithType *>( mangleName, newAdapter ) );
+                                                adapter = answer.first;
                                                 stmtsToAdd.push_back( new DeclStmt( noLabels, newAdapter ) );
                                         } // if
@@ -1156 +1500 @@
 
                 void Pass1::doBeginScope() {
-                        // push a copy of the current map
-                        adapters.push(adapters.top());
+                        adapters.beginScope();
                         scopedAssignOps.beginScope();
                 }
 
                 void Pass1::doEndScope() {
-                        adapters.pop();
+                        adapters.endScope();
                         scopedAssignOps.endScope();
                 }
@@ -1309 +1652 @@
                 }
 
+//////////////////////////////////////// GenericInstantiator //////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+                /// Makes substitutions of params into baseParams; returns true if all parameters substituted for a concrete type
+                bool makeSubstitutions( const std::list< TypeDecl* >& baseParams, const std::list< Expression* >& params, std::list< TypeExpr* >& out ) {
+                        bool allConcrete = true;  // will finish the substitution list even if they're not all concrete
+
+                        // substitute concrete types for given parameters, and incomplete types for placeholders
+                        std::list< TypeDecl* >::const_iterator baseParam = baseParams.begin();
+                        std::list< Expression* >::const_iterator param = params.begin();
+                        for ( ; baseParam != baseParams.end() && param != params.end(); ++baseParam, ++param ) {
+        //                      switch ( (*baseParam)->get_kind() ) {
+        //                      case TypeDecl::Any: {   // any type is a valid substitution here; complete types can be used to instantiate generics
+                                        TypeExpr *paramType = dynamic_cast< TypeExpr* >( *param );
+                                        assert(paramType && "Aggregate parameters should be type expressions");
+                                        out.push_back( paramType->clone() );
+                                        // check that the substituted type isn't a type variable itself
+                                        if ( dynamic_cast< TypeInstType* >( paramType->get_type() ) ) {
+                                                allConcrete = false;
+                                        }
+        //                              break;
+        //                      }
+        //                      case TypeDecl::Dtype:  // dtype can be consistently replaced with void [only pointers, which become void*]
+        //                              out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new VoidType( Type::Qualifiers() ) ) );
+        //                              break;
+        //                      case TypeDecl::Ftype:  // pointer-to-ftype can be consistently replaced with void (*)(void) [similar to dtype]
+        //                              out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false ) ) );
+        //                              break;
+        //                      }
+                        }
+
+                        // if any parameters left over, not done
+                        if ( baseParam != baseParams.end() ) return false;
+        //              // if not enough parameters given, substitute remaining incomplete types for placeholders
+        //              for ( ; baseParam != baseParams.end(); ++baseParam ) {
+        //                      switch ( (*baseParam)->get_kind() ) {
+        //                      case TypeDecl::Any:    // no more substitutions here, fail early
+        //                              return false;
+        //                      case TypeDecl::Dtype:  // dtype can be consistently replaced with void [only pointers, which become void*]
+        //                              out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new VoidType( Type::Qualifiers() ) ) );
+        //                              break;
+        //                      case TypeDecl::Ftype:  // pointer-to-ftype can be consistently replaced with void (*)(void) [similar to dtype]
+        //                              out.push_back( new TypeExpr( new FunctionType( Type::Qualifiers(), false ) ) );
+        //                              break;
+        //                      }
+        //              }
+
+                        return allConcrete;
+                }
+
+                /// Substitutes types of members of in according to baseParams => typeSubs, appending the result to out
+                void substituteMembers( const std::list< Declaration* >& in, const std::list< TypeDecl* >& baseParams, const std::list< TypeExpr* >& typeSubs,
+                                                                std::list< Declaration* >& out ) {
+                        // substitute types into new members
+                        TypeSubstitution subs( baseParams.begin(), baseParams.end(), typeSubs.begin() );
+                        for ( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator member = in.begin(); member != in.end(); ++member ) {
+                                Declaration *newMember = (*member)->clone();
+                                subs.apply(newMember);
+                                out.push_back( newMember );
+                        }
+                }
+
+                Type* GenericInstantiator::mutate( StructInstType *inst ) {
+                        // mutate subtypes
+                        Type *mutated = Mutator::mutate( inst );
+                        inst = dynamic_cast< StructInstType* >( mutated );
+                        if ( ! inst ) return mutated;
+
+                        // exit early if no need for further mutation
+                        if ( inst->get_parameters().empty() ) return inst;
+                        assert( inst->get_baseParameters() && "Base struct has parameters" );
+
+                        // check if type can be concretely instantiated; put substitutions into typeSubs
+                        std::list< TypeExpr* > typeSubs;
+                        if ( ! makeSubstitutions( *inst->get_baseParameters(), inst->get_parameters(), typeSubs ) ) {
+                                deleteAll( typeSubs );
+                                return inst;
+                        }
+
+                        // make concrete instantiation of generic type
+                        StructDecl *concDecl = lookup( inst, typeSubs );
+                        if ( ! concDecl ) {
+                                // set concDecl to new type, insert type declaration into statements to add
+                                concDecl = new StructDecl( typeNamer.newName( inst->get_name() ) );
+                                substituteMembers( inst->get_baseStruct()->get_members(), *inst->get_baseParameters(), typeSubs,        concDecl->get_members() );
+                                DeclMutator::addDeclaration( concDecl );
+                                insert( inst, typeSubs, concDecl );
+                        }
+                        StructInstType *newInst = new StructInstType( inst->get_qualifiers(), concDecl->get_name() );
+                        newInst->set_baseStruct( concDecl );
+
+                        deleteAll( typeSubs );
+                        delete inst;
+                        return newInst;
+                }
+
+                Type* GenericInstantiator::mutate( UnionInstType *inst ) {
+                        // mutate subtypes
+                        Type *mutated = Mutator::mutate( inst );
+                        inst = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType* >( mutated );
+                        if ( ! inst ) return mutated;
+
+                        // exit early if no need for further mutation
+                        if ( inst->get_parameters().empty() ) return inst;
+                        assert( inst->get_baseParameters() && "Base union has parameters" );
+
+                        // check if type can be concretely instantiated; put substitutions into typeSubs
+                        std::list< TypeExpr* > typeSubs;
+                        if ( ! makeSubstitutions( *inst->get_baseParameters(), inst->get_parameters(), typeSubs ) ) {
+                                deleteAll( typeSubs );
+                                return inst;
+                        }
+
+                        // make concrete instantiation of generic type
+                        UnionDecl *concDecl = lookup( inst, typeSubs );
+                        if ( ! concDecl ) {
+                                // set concDecl to new type, insert type declaration into statements to add
+                                concDecl = new UnionDecl( typeNamer.newName( inst->get_name() ) );
+                                substituteMembers( inst->get_baseUnion()->get_members(), *inst->get_baseParameters(), typeSubs, concDecl->get_members() );
+                                DeclMutator::addDeclaration( concDecl );
+                                insert( inst, typeSubs, concDecl );
+                        }
+                        UnionInstType *newInst = new UnionInstType( inst->get_qualifiers(), concDecl->get_name() );
+                        newInst->set_baseUnion( concDecl );
+
+                        deleteAll( typeSubs );
+                        delete inst;
+                        return newInst;
+                }
+
+        //      /// Gets the base struct or union declaration for a member expression; NULL if not applicable
+        //      AggregateDecl* getMemberBaseDecl( MemberExpr *memberExpr ) {
+        //              // get variable for member aggregate
+        //              VariableExpr *varExpr = dynamic_cast< VariableExpr* >( memberExpr->get_aggregate() );
+        //              if ( ! varExpr ) return NULL;
+        //
+        //              // get object for variable
+        //              ObjectDecl *objectDecl = dynamic_cast< ObjectDecl* >( varExpr->get_var() );
+        //              if ( ! objectDecl ) return NULL;
+        //
+        //              // get base declaration from object type
+        //              Type *objectType = objectDecl->get_type();
+        //              StructInstType *structType = dynamic_cast< StructInstType* >( objectType );
+        //              if ( structType ) return structType->get_baseStruct();
+        //              UnionInstType *unionType = dynamic_cast< UnionInstType* >( objectType );
+        //              if ( unionType ) return unionType->get_baseUnion();
+        //
+        //              return NULL;
+        //      }
+        //
+        //      /// Finds the declaration with the given name, returning decls.end() if none such
+        //      std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator findDeclNamed( const std::list< Declaration* > &decls, const std::string &name ) {
+        //              for( std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator decl = decls.begin(); decl != decls.end(); ++decl ) {
+        //                      if ( (*decl)->get_name() == name ) return decl;
+        //              }
+        //              return decls.end();
+        //      }
+        //
+        //      Expression* Instantiate::mutate( MemberExpr *memberExpr ) {
+        //              // mutate, exiting early if no longer MemberExpr
+        //              Expression *expr = Mutator::mutate( memberExpr );
+        //              memberExpr = dynamic_cast< MemberExpr* >( expr );
+        //              if ( ! memberExpr ) return expr;
+        //
+        //              // get declaration of member and base declaration of member, exiting early if not found
+        //              AggregateDecl *memberBase = getMemberBaseDecl( memberExpr );
+        //              if ( ! memberBase ) return memberExpr;
+        //              DeclarationWithType *memberDecl = memberExpr->get_member();
+        //              std::list< Declaration* >::const_iterator baseIt = findDeclNamed( memberBase->get_members(), memberDecl->get_name() );
+        //              if ( baseIt == memberBase->get_members().end() ) return memberExpr;
+        //              DeclarationWithType *baseDecl = dynamic_cast< DeclarationWithType* >( *baseIt );
+        //              if ( ! baseDecl ) return memberExpr;
+        //
+        //              // check if stated type of the member is not the type of the member's declaration; if so, need a cast
+        //              // this *SHOULD* be safe, I don't think anything but the void-replacements I put in for dtypes would make it past the typechecker
+        //              SymTab::Indexer dummy;
+        //              if ( ResolvExpr::typesCompatible( memberDecl->get_type(), baseDecl->get_type(), dummy ) ) return memberExpr;
+        //              else return new CastExpr( memberExpr, memberDecl->get_type() );
+        //      }
+
+                void GenericInstantiator::doBeginScope() {
+                        DeclMutator::doBeginScope();
+                        instantiations.beginScope();
+                }
+
+                void GenericInstantiator::doEndScope() {
+                        DeclMutator::doEndScope();
+                        instantiations.endScope();
+                }
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////// MemberExprFixer ////////////////////////////////////////////////////