Index: libcfa/src/Makefile.am
===================================================================
--- libcfa/src/Makefile.am	(revision 9fa538cedace5433d790dee347005253941f1e57)
+++ libcfa/src/Makefile.am	(revision 9e2341b4e08bb9d51946f964b2a5490705dcc76e)
@@ -59,4 +59,5 @@
 	concurrency/iofwd.hfa \
 	containers/list.hfa \
+	containers/list2.hfa \
 	containers/queueLockFree.hfa \
 	containers/stackLockFree.hfa \
Index: libcfa/src/containers/list2.hfa
===================================================================
--- libcfa/src/containers/list2.hfa	(revision 9e2341b4e08bb9d51946f964b2a5490705dcc76e)
+++ libcfa/src/containers/list2.hfa	(revision 9e2341b4e08bb9d51946f964b2a5490705dcc76e)
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+//
+// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2020 University of Waterloo
+//
+// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
+// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
+//
+// list -- lets a user-defined stuct form intrusive linked lists
+//
+// Author           : Michael Brooks
+// Created On       : Wed Apr 22 18:00:00 2020
+// Last Modified By : Michael Brooks
+// Last Modified On : Wed Apr 22 18:00:00 2020
+// Update Count     : 1
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+forall( T & ) struct tag {};
+#define ttag(T) ((tag(T)){})
+#define ztag(n) ttag(Z(n))
+
+extern "C" {
+    void * memset ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
+}
+
+trait embedded( tOuter &, tInner & ) {
+    tInner & ?`inner( tOuter & );
+};
+
+// embedded is reflexive
+forall( tX & )
+static inline tX & ?`inner( tX & this ) { return this; }
+
+// use this on every case of plan-9 inheritance, to make embedded a closure of plan-9 inheritance
+#define P9_EMBEDDED( tOuter, tInner ) \
+   static inline tInner & ?`inner( tOuter & this ) { return this; }
+
+
+
+
+#define ORIGIN_TAG_BITNO 63
+#define ORIGIN_TAG_MASK (((size_t)1) << ORIGIN_TAG_BITNO)
+
+#define ORIGIN_TAG_SET(p)   ((p) |  ORIGIN_TAG_MASK)
+#define ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR(p) ((p) & ~ORIGIN_TAG_MASK)
+#define ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY(p) ((p) &  ORIGIN_TAG_MASK)
+
+// #define ORIGIN_TAG_SET(p)   (p)
+// #define ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR(p) (p)
+// #define ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY(p) (0)
+
+
+forall( tE & ) {
+
+    struct dlink{
+        tE *next;
+        tE *prev;
+    };
+
+    static inline void ?{}( dlink(tE) & this ) {
+        this.next = 0p;
+        this.prev = 0p;
+    }
+
+    forall( tLinks & = tE ) {
+
+        struct dlist {
+            inline dlink(tE);
+        };
+
+        struct diref {
+            inline tE &;
+        };
+    }
+
+    forall( tLinks & = tE | embedded( tE, tLinks ) | embedded( tLinks, dlink(tE) ) ) {
+        static inline tE * $get_list_origin_addr( dlist(tE, tLinks) & lst ) {
+            dlink(tE) & link_from_null = ( * (tE *) 0p )`inner`inner;
+            ptrdiff_t link_offset = (ptrdiff_t) & link_from_null;
+            size_t origin_addr = ((size_t) & lst) - link_offset;
+            size_t preResult = ORIGIN_TAG_SET( origin_addr );
+            return (tE *)preResult;
+        }
+
+        static inline void ?{}( dlist(tE, tLinks) & this ) {
+            tE * listOrigin = $get_list_origin_addr( this );
+            ( ( dlink(tE) & ) this ){ listOrigin, listOrigin } ;
+        }
+
+        // redundant
+        // void ?{}( diref(tE, tLinks) & this, tE & target ) {
+        //     tE && ref = this;
+        //     &ref = &target;
+        // }
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+forall( tE &, tLinks & | embedded( tE, tLinks ) | embedded( tLinks, dlink(tE) ) ) {
+
+	static inline void insert_after(diref(tE, tLinks) list_pos, tE &to_insert) {
+		verify (&list_pos != 0p);
+		verify (&to_insert != 0p);
+        dlink(tE) & linkToInsert = to_insert`inner`inner;
+		verify(linkToInsert.prev == 0p);
+		verify(linkToInsert.next == 0p);
+        tE & list_pos_raw = list_pos;
+        tE & list_pos_elem = * (tE *) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & list_pos_raw );
+        tE & after_raw = * (list_pos_elem`inner`inner).next;
+        tE & after_elem = * (tE *) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & after_raw );
+		linkToInsert.prev = & list_pos_raw;
+		linkToInsert.next = & after_raw;
+        (after_elem`inner`inner).prev = &to_insert;
+		(list_pos_elem`inner`inner).next = &to_insert;
+	}
+
+	static inline void insert_before(diref(tE, tLinks) list_pos, tE &to_insert) {
+		verify (&list_pos != 0p);
+		verify (&to_insert != 0p);
+        dlink(tE) & linkToInsert = to_insert`inner`inner;
+		verify(linkToInsert.next == 0p);
+		verify(linkToInsert.prev == 0p);
+        tE & list_pos_raw = list_pos;
+        tE & list_pos_elem = * (tE *) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & list_pos_raw );
+        tE & before_raw = * (list_pos_elem`inner`inner).prev;
+        tE & before_elem = * (tE *) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & before_raw );
+		linkToInsert.next = & list_pos_raw;
+		linkToInsert.prev = & before_raw;
+        (before_elem`inner`inner).next = &to_insert;
+		(list_pos_elem`inner`inner).prev = &to_insert;
+	}
+
+    static inline void doRemove(
+        dlink(tE) & this_links, dlink(tE) & before_links, dlink(tE) & after_links,
+        tE & before_target, tE & after_target ) {
+
+        before_links.next = &after_target;
+        after_links.prev = &before_target;
+
+        asm( "" : : : "memory" );
+
+		this_links.prev = 0p;
+		this_links.next = 0p;
+    }
+
+	static inline tE & remove(diref(tE, tLinks) list_pos) {
+		verify (&list_pos != 0p);
+        tE & list_pos_elem = list_pos;
+        verify( ! ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY((size_t) & list_pos_elem) );
+        dlink(tE) & list_pos_links = list_pos_elem`inner`inner;
+        tE & before_raw = * list_pos_links.prev;
+        tE & before_elem = * (tE *) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & before_raw );
+        dlink(tE) & before_links = before_elem`inner`inner;
+        tE & after_raw = * list_pos_links.next;
+        tE & after_elem = * (tE *) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & after_raw );
+        dlink(tE) & after_links = after_elem`inner`inner;
+
+        doRemove(list_pos_links, before_links, after_links, before_raw, after_raw);
+
+        return list_pos_elem;
+	}
+/*    
+	static inline tE & remove(diref(tE, tLinks) list_pos) {
+		verify (&list_pos != 0p);
+        tE & list_pos_elem = list_pos;
+        verify( ! ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY((size_t) & list_pos_elem) );
+        dlink(tE) & list_pos_links = list_pos_elem`inner`inner;
+        tE & before_raw = * list_pos_links.prev;
+        tE & before_elem = * (tE *) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & before_raw );
+        dlink(tE) & before_links = before_elem`inner`inner;
+        tE & after_raw = * list_pos_links.next;
+        tE & after_elem = * (tE *) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & after_raw );
+        dlink(tE) & after_links = after_elem`inner`inner;
+        before_links.next = &after_raw;
+        after_links.prev = &before_raw;
+asm( "" : : : "memory" );
+		list_pos_links.prev = 0p;
+		list_pos_links.next = 0p;
+        return list_pos_elem;
+	}
+*/
+    static inline diref(tE, tLinks) ?`first( dlist(tE, tLinks) &lst ) {
+        tE * firstPtr = lst.next;
+        if (ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY((size_t)firstPtr)) firstPtr = 0p;
+        diref(tE, tLinks) ret = { *firstPtr };
+        return ret;
+    }
+    static inline diref(tE, tLinks) ?`last ( dlist(tE, tLinks) &lst ) {
+        tE * lastPtr = lst.prev;
+        if (ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY((size_t)lastPtr)) lastPtr = 0p;
+        diref(tE, tLinks) ret = { *lastPtr };
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    static inline int ?!=?( const diref(tE, tLinks) & list_pos, zero_t ) {
+        tE & list_pos_elem = list_pos;
+        if (ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY((size_t) & list_pos_elem)) return 0;
+        return & list_pos_elem != 0p;
+    }
+
+    static inline int DUMB_COMPARE( diref(tE, tLinks) list_pos, tE * elem ) {
+        tE & signifiedLhs = list_pos;
+        return &signifiedLhs == elem;
+    }
+
+    static inline diref(tE, tLinks) ?`from( tE & elem ) {
+        diref(tE, tLinks) ret = { elem };
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    static inline diref(tE, tLinks) ?`elems( dlist(tE, tLinks) & lst ) {
+        tE * origin = $get_list_origin_addr( lst );
+        diref(tE, tLinks) ret = { *origin };
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    static inline bool ?`moveNext( diref(tE, tLinks) & refx ) {
+        tE && ref_inner = refx;
+        tE & oldReferent = * (tE*) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & ref_inner );
+        &ref_inner = oldReferent`inner`inner.next;
+        return &ref_inner != 0p  &&
+            ! ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY( (size_t) & ref_inner );
+    }
+
+    static inline bool ?`movePrev( diref(tE, tLinks) & refx ) {
+        tE && ref_inner = refx;
+        tE & oldReferent = * (tE*) ORIGIN_TAG_CLEAR( (size_t) & ref_inner );
+        &ref_inner = oldReferent`inner`inner.prev;
+        return &ref_inner != 0p  &&
+            ! ORIGIN_TAG_QUERY( (size_t) & ref_inner );
+    }
+
+    static inline void insert_first( dlist(tE, tLinks) &lst, tE & e ) {
+        insert_after(lst`elems, e);
+    }
+
+    static inline void insert_last( dlist(tE, tLinks) &lst, tE & e ) {
+        insert_before(lst`elems, e);
+    }
+
+
+  #if !defined(NDEBUG) && (defined(__CFA_DEBUG__) || defined(__CFA_VERIFY__))
+	static bool $validate_fwd( dlist(tE, tLinks) & this ) {
+        if ( ! & this`first ) return ( (& this`last) == 0p);
+
+        tE & lagElem = *0p;
+
+        while ( diref(tE, tLinks) it = this`elems; it`moveNext ) {
+            if (& lagElem == 0p &&  &it != & this`first ) return false;
+            & lagElem = & it;
+        }
+
+        if (& lagElem != & this`last) return false;
+
+        // TODO: verify that it is back at this`elems;
+        return true;
+	}
+	static bool $validate_rev( dlist(tE, tLinks) & this ) {
+        if ( ! & this`last ) return ( (& this`first) == 0p);
+
+        tE & lagElem = *0p;
+
+        while ( diref(tE, tLinks) it = this`elems; it`movePrev ) {
+            if (& lagElem == 0p &&  &it != & this`last ) return false;
+            & lagElem = & it;
+        }
+
+        if (& lagElem != & this`first) return false;
+
+        // TODO: verify that it is back at this`elems;
+        return true;
+	}
+	static bool validate( dlist(tE, tLinks) & this ) {
+		return $validate_fwd(this) && $validate_rev(this);
+	}
+  #endif
+
+}
+
+forall( tE & | embedded( tE, dlink(tE) ) ) {
+	static inline void insert_after(tE & list_pos, tE &to_insert ) {
+        diref(tE, tE) list_pos_ref = list_pos`from;
+        insert_after( list_pos_ref, to_insert );
+    }
+	static inline void insert_before(tE & list_pos, tE &to_insert ) {
+        diref(tE, tE) list_pos_ref = list_pos`from;
+        insert_before( list_pos_ref, to_insert );
+    }
+	static inline tE & remove(tE & list_pos ) {
+        diref(tE, tE) list_pos_ref = list_pos`from;
+        return remove( list_pos_ref );
+    }
+    static inline bool ?`moveNext( tE && ref ) {
+        diref(tE, tE) & ref_dird = (diref(tE, tE) &) & ref;
+        return ref_dird`moveNext;
+    }
+    static inline bool ?`movePrev( tE && ref ) {
+        diref(tE, tE) & ref_dird = (diref(tE, tE) &) & ref;
+        return ref_dird`movePrev;
+    }
+
+}
Index: tests/list/.expect/dlist-insert-remove-2.txt
===================================================================
--- tests/list/.expect/dlist-insert-remove-2.txt	(revision 9e2341b4e08bb9d51946f964b2a5490705dcc76e)
+++ tests/list/.expect/dlist-insert-remove-2.txt	(revision 9e2341b4e08bb9d51946f964b2a5490705dcc76e)
@@ -0,0 +1,1093 @@
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headed List Tests - insert_first ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 4-i:  Modifying Freds on MINE 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 5-i:  Modifying Freds on YOURS 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 6-i.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headed List Tests - insert_last ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 4-ii:  Modifying Freds on MINE 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 5-ii:  Modifying Freds on YOURS 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 6-ii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~ Element ops on Headed List Tests: after, last ~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 7-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 8-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 9-i.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element ops on Headed List Tests: before, first ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 7-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 8-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.14
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 9-ii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary after 
+3.14
+0.5
+-
+3.14
+-
+0.5
+-
+0.5
+3.14
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: at first ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 13-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 14-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 15-i.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: at last ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 13-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 14-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 15-ii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: of sole ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 13-iii.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+-
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 14-iii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+-
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 15-iii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+-
+-
+==== mary after 
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+0.7
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ End removal tests on Headed List: First ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 16-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 16-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 16-iii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+-
+-
+
+~~~~~~~~~~ End removal tests on Headed List: Last ~~~~~~~~~~
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 17-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 17-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== fred by MINE before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by MINE after 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== fred by YOURS after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Test 17-iii.  Modifying Maries
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+==== mary before 
+1.7
+2.7
+3.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+1.7
+2.7
+-
+1.7
+-
+2.7
+-
+2.7
+1.7
+-
+==== mary after 
+3.7
+-
+3.7
+-
+-
+-
Index: tests/list/dlist-insert-remove-2.cfa
===================================================================
--- tests/list/dlist-insert-remove-2.cfa	(revision 9e2341b4e08bb9d51946f964b2a5490705dcc76e)
+++ tests/list/dlist-insert-remove-2.cfa	(revision 9e2341b4e08bb9d51946f964b2a5490705dcc76e)
@@ -0,0 +1,1711 @@
+#include <containers/list2.hfa>
+#include <fstream.hfa>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+// Section 1:  replaced by above include list.hfa
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 2
+//
+// Structure definitions
+//
+// Example of declaration-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// a fred belongs to two doubly-linked lists: mine and yours
+struct fred {
+	float adatum;
+	inline struct mine { inline dlink(fred); };
+	inline struct yours { inline dlink(fred); };
+};
+P9_EMBEDDED(fred, fred.mine)
+P9_EMBEDDED(fred, fred.yours)
+P9_EMBEDDED(fred.mine, dlink(fred))
+P9_EMBEDDED(fred.yours, dlink(fred))
+
+
+void ?{}(fred &this, float adatum) {
+	(this.adatum){adatum};
+}
+
+// a mary belongs to just one doubly-linked list: hers
+struct mary {
+	float anotherdatum;
+	inline dlink(mary);
+};
+
+P9_EMBEDDED(mary, dlink(mary))
+
+void ?{}(mary &this, float anotherdatum) {
+	(this.anotherdatum){anotherdatum};
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 3
+//
+// Test helpers to traverse and print lists.
+//
+// These consume framework-provided accessor functions and
+// do not modify their parameter lists.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void printMyFredsFwd(diref(fred, fred.mine) f) {
+	do {
+		sout | f.adatum;
+	} while (f`moveNext);
+}
+
+void printMyFredsRev(diref(fred, fred.mine) f) {
+	do {
+		sout | f.adatum;
+	} while (f`movePrev);
+}
+
+
+void printMyFreddies(fred &f1, fred &f2, int isBefore) {
+	if (isBefore) {
+		sout | "==== fred by MINE before ";
+	} else {
+		sout | "==== fred by MINE after ";
+	}
+	if (&f1) {
+		printMyFredsFwd(f1`from);	sout | '-';
+		printMyFredsRev(f1`from);	sout | '-';
+	} else {
+		sout | '-'; sout | '-';
+	}
+	if (&f2) {
+		printMyFredsFwd(f2`from);	sout | '-';
+		printMyFredsRev(f2`from);	sout | '-';
+	} else {
+		sout | '-'; sout | '-';
+	}
+}
+
+void printYourFredsFwd(diref(fred, fred.yours) f) {
+	do {
+		sout | f.adatum;
+	} while (f`moveNext);
+}
+
+void printYourFredsRev(diref(fred, fred.yours) f) {
+	do {
+		sout | f.adatum;
+	} while (f`movePrev);
+}
+
+void printYourFreddies(fred &f1, fred &f2, int isBefore) {
+	if (isBefore) {
+		sout | "==== fred by YOURS before ";
+	} else {
+		sout | "==== fred by YOURS after ";
+	}
+	if (&f1) {
+		printYourFredsFwd(f1`from);	sout | '-';
+		printYourFredsRev(f1`from);	sout | '-';
+	} else {
+		sout | '-'; sout | '-';
+	}
+	if (&f2) {
+		printYourFredsFwd(f2`from);	sout | '-';
+		printYourFredsRev(f2`from);	sout | '-';
+	} else {
+		sout | '-'; sout | '-';
+	}
+}
+
+void printMariesFwd(mary &m) {
+	do {
+		sout | m.anotherdatum;
+	} while (m`moveNext);
+}
+
+void printMariesRev(mary &m) {
+	do {
+		sout | m.anotherdatum;
+	} while (m`movePrev);
+}
+
+void printMariatheotokos(mary &m1, mary &m2, int isBefore) {
+	if (isBefore) {
+		sout | "==== mary before ";
+	} else {
+		sout | "==== mary after ";
+	}
+	if (&m1) {
+		printMariesFwd(m1);	sout | '-';
+		printMariesRev(m1);	sout | '-';
+	} else {
+		sout | '-'; sout | '-';
+	}
+	if (&m2) {
+		printMariesFwd(m2);	sout | '-';
+		printMariesRev(m2);	sout | '-';
+	} else {
+		sout | '-'; sout | '-';
+	}
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4a.i
+//
+// Test cases of insert_after on headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// All three tests exercise the case of merging two singleton lists into (their respective
+// positions in) one common list of two elements.
+
+// Note that the factoring of sect 4 (vs 3 and 5) keeps section 4 free of strings and IO,
+// and so keeps its assembly easy to inspect.
+
+// Throughout all the 4s, all the print functions called from these tests print:
+//  - from list position #1 moving forward  (a)
+//  - from list position #1 moving backward (b)
+//  - from list position #2 moving forward  (c)
+//  - from list position #2 moving backward (d)
+// The expected-output comments are in form a;b;c;d where a::=num,num,num
+#if 0
+void test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__fred_mine () {
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	diref(fred, fred.mine) f1_mine = f1`from;
+	insert_after(f1_mine, f2);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+}
+
+void test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__fred_yours () {
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	diref(fred, fred.yours) f1_yours = f1`from;
+	insert_after(f1_yours, f2);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+void test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__mary () {
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 1); // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4a.ii
+//
+// Test cases of insert_before on headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__fred_mine () {
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	diref(fred, fred.mine) f2_mine = f2`from;
+	insert_before(f2_mine, f1);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+}
+
+void test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__fred_yours () {
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	diref(fred, fred.yours) f2_yours = f2`from;
+	insert_before(f2_yours, f1);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+void test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__mary () {
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 1); // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_before(m2, m1);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+#endif
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4b.i
+//
+// Test cases of insert_first (necessarily headed list)
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// All three tests exercise the case of creating an empty container and
+// adding two items to it.
+
+void test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) lf;
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_first(lf, f2);
+	insert_first(lf, f1);
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+}
+
+void test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) lf;
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_first(lf, f2);
+	insert_first(lf, f1);
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+void test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) lm;
+
+	verify(validate(lm));
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 1); // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_first(lm, m2);
+	insert_first(lm, m1);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	verify(validate(lm));
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4b.ii
+//
+// Test cases of insert_last (necessarily headed list)
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__insertlast_two_on_empty__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) lf;
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_last(lf, f1);
+	insert_last(lf, f2);
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+}
+
+void test__insertlast_two_on_empty__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) lf;
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 1);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 1);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_last(lf, f1);
+	insert_last(lf, f2);
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+void test__insertlast_two_on_empty__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) lm;
+
+	verify(validate(lm));
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 1); // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5
+
+	insert_last(lm, m1);
+	insert_last(lm, m2);
+
+	verify(validate(lm));
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4c.i
+//
+// Test cases of insert_after on headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__insertafter_after_last__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) lf;
+
+	assert(! lf`first);
+	assert(! lf`last);
+
+	insert_first(lf, f1);
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`first, & f1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`last , & f1));
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.mine) f1_mine = f1`from;
+	insert_after(f1_mine, f2);
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`first, & f1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`last , & f2));
+}
+
+void test__insertafter_after_last__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) lf;
+
+	assert(! lf`first);
+	assert(! lf`last);
+
+	insert_first(lf, f1);
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`first, & f1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`last , & f1));
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.yours) f1_yours = f1`from;
+	insert_after(f1_yours, f2);
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`first, & f1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`last , & f2));
+}
+
+void test__insertafter_after_last__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) lm;
+
+	assert(! lm`first);
+	assert(! lm`last);
+
+	insert_first(lm, m1);
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lm`first, & m1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lm`last , & m1));
+
+	verify(validate(lm));
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+
+	verify(validate(lm));
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lm`first, & m1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lm`last , & m2));
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4c.ii
+//
+// Test cases of insert_before on headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__insertbefore_before_first__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) lf;
+
+	assert(! lf`first);
+	assert(! lf`last);
+
+	insert_last(lf, f2);
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`first, & f2));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`last , & f2));
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.mine) f2_mine = f2`from;
+	insert_before(f2_mine, f1);
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`first, & f1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`last , & f2));
+}
+
+void test__insertbefore_before_first__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {3.14};
+	fred f2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) lf;
+
+	assert(! lf`first);
+	assert(! lf`last);
+
+	insert_last(lf, f2);
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`first, & f2));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`last , & f2));
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.yours) f2_yours = f2`from;
+	insert_before(f2_yours, f1);
+
+	verify(validate(lf));
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 3.14; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`first, & f1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lf`last , & f2));
+}
+
+void test__insertbefore_before_first__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {3.14};
+	mary m2 = {0.5};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) lm;
+
+	assert(! lm`first);
+	assert(! lm`last);
+
+	insert_last(lm, m2);
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lm`first, & m2));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lm`last , & m2));
+
+	verify(validate(lm));
+
+	insert_before(m2, m1);
+
+	verify(validate(lm));
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0); // 3.14, 0.5; 3.14; 0.5; 0.5, 3.14 (modified)
+
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lm`first, & m1));
+	assert(DUMB_COMPARE(lm`last , & m2));
+}
+
+#if 0
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4d.i
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from middle of headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// These tests, in the fred cases, set up the my/your lists initially identical,
+// act on one list, and expect the other unaffected.
+
+void test__remove_mid__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f2`in_mine);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 0);     // 1.7, 3.7;       1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 1.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f2 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f2, *0p, 0);    // 2.7; 2.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f2.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f2.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_mid__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f2`in_yours);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 0);   // 1.7, 3.7;       1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f2 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f2, *0p, 0);    // 2.7; 2.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f2.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f2.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_mid__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+	insert_after(m2, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(m2);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m3, 0);     // 1.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 1.7 (modified)
+
+	// observe m2 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m2, *0p, 0);    // 2.7; 2.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m2.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m2.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4d.ii
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from first position of headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// TODO: validate headless semantic: remove of a neighbourless element is valid and no-op
+
+void test__remove_at_first__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f1`in_mine);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f2, f3, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f1.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f1.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_first__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f1`in_yours);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f2, f3, 0);   // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f1.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f1.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_first__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+	insert_after(m2, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(m1);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m2, m3, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;  2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7 (modified)
+
+	// observe m2 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m1.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m1.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4d.iii
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from last position of headless list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__remove_at_last__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f3`in_mine);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f2, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f3.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f3.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_last__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_mine, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_mine, f3);
+
+	insert_after(f1`in_yours, f2);
+	insert_after(f2`in_yours, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f3, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(f3`in_yours);
+
+	printMyFreddies(f1, f3, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(f1, f2, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(f3.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(f3.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_last__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	insert_after(m1, m2);
+	insert_after(m2, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m3, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	remove(m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, m2, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;  1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7 (modified)
+
+	// observe m3 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	assert(m1.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	assert(m1.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4e.i
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from first position of headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#endif
+void test__remove_at_head__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.mine) f1_mine = f1`from;
+	remove(f1_mine);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(f1.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(f1.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_head__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.yours) f1_yours = f1`from;
+	remove(f1_yours);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(f1.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(f1.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_head__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) ml;
+	insert_last(ml, m1);
+	insert_last(ml, m2);
+	insert_last(ml, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	remove(m1);
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe m1 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, *0p, 0);               // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(m1.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(m1.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4e.ii
+//
+// Test cases of remove, from last position of headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__remove_at_tail__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.mine) f3_mine = f3`from;
+	remove(f3_mine);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(f3.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(f3.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_tail__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.yours) f3_yours = f3`from;
+	remove(f3_yours);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);               // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(f3.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(f3.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+void test__remove_at_tail__mary() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) ml;
+	insert_last(ml, m1);
+	insert_last(ml, m2);
+	insert_last(ml, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	remove(m3);
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe m3 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m3, *0p, 0);               //3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(m3.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(m3.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4e.iii
+//
+// Test cases of remove, of sole element of headed list
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void test__remove_of_sole__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f = {0.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.mine) f_mine = f`from;
+	remove(f_mine);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	assert(! flm`first);
+	assert(! flm`last);
+
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f is solo in mine (now unlisted); in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f, *0p, 0);    // 0.7; 0.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(f.$links_mine.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(f.$links_mine.prev.is_terminator == false);
+
+	insert_last(flm, f);
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+}
+
+void test__remove_of_sole__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f = {0.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	diref(fred, fred.yours) f_yours = f`from;
+	remove(f_yours);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	assert(! fly`first);
+	assert(! fly`last);
+
+	printYourFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);   // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f is solo in yours (now unlisted); in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f, *0p, 0);    // 0.7; 0.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(f.$links_yours.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(f.$links_yours.prev.is_terminator == false);
+
+	insert_last(fly, f);
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+}
+
+void test__remove_of_sole__mary() {
+
+	mary m = {0.7};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) ml;
+	insert_last(ml, m);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 1);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	remove(m);
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	assert(! ml`first);
+	assert(! ml`last);
+
+	// observe f is solo in mine (now unlisted); in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMariatheotokos(m, *0p, 0);    // 0.7; 0.7; ;
+
+	// TODO: decide on appropriate ovservable outcome (is_listed?) and its itended semantics
+	// assert(m.$links.next.is_terminator == false);
+	// assert(m.$links.prev.is_terminator == false);
+
+	insert_last(ml, m);
+	verify(validate(ml));
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 0);     // 0.7; 0.7; 0.7; 0.7
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 4f
+//
+// Test cases of pop_first, pop_last
+//
+// Example of call-side user code
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// These cases assume element removal at first-last is correct
+
+void test__pop_first__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	fred & popped = remove(flm`first);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	assert( &popped == & f1 );
+}
+
+void test__pop_first__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	fred & popped = remove(fly`first);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f1 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f1, *0p, 0);    // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	assert( &popped == &f1 );
+}
+
+void test__pop_first__maries() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) ml;
+	insert_last(ml, m1);
+	insert_last(ml, m2);
+	insert_last(ml, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	mary & popped = remove(ml`first);
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 0);     // 2.7, 3.7;       2.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe m1 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m1, *0p, 0);               // 1.7; 1.7; ;
+
+	assert( &popped == &m1 );
+}
+
+void test__pop_last__fred_mine() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	fred & popped = remove(flm`last);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in mine; in yours, it was just traversed
+	printMyFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	assert( &popped == & f3 );
+}
+
+void test__pop_last__fred_yours() {
+
+	fred f1 = {1.7};
+	fred f2 = {2.7};
+	fred f3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.mine) flm;
+	insert_last(flm, f1);
+	insert_last(flm, f2);
+	insert_last(flm, f3);
+
+	dlist(fred, fred.yours) fly;
+	insert_last(fly, f1);
+	insert_last(fly, f2);
+	insert_last(fly, f3);
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 1);   // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	fred & popped = remove(fly`last);
+
+	verify(validate(fly));
+	verify(validate(flm));
+
+	printMyFreddies(flm`first, flm`last, 0);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 (unmodified)
+	printYourFreddies(fly`first, fly`last, 0);   // 1.7, 2.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe f3 is now solo in yours; in mine, it was just traversed
+	printYourFreddies(f3, *0p, 0);    // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	assert( &popped == & f3 );
+}
+
+void test__pop_last__maries() {
+
+	mary m1 = {1.7};
+	mary m2 = {2.7};
+	mary m3 = {3.7};
+
+	dlist(mary, mary) ml;
+	insert_last(ml, m1);
+	insert_last(ml, m2);
+	insert_last(ml, m3);
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 1);     // 1.7, 2.7, 3.7;  1.7;  3.7;  3.7, 2.7, 1.7 
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	mary & popped = remove(ml`last);
+
+	verify(validate(ml));
+
+	printMariatheotokos(ml`first, ml`last, 0);     // 1.7, 1.7;       1.7;  2.7;  2.7, 1.7      (modified)
+
+	// observe m1 is now solo
+	printMariatheotokos(m3, *0p, 0);               // 3.7; 3.7; ;
+
+	assert( &popped == &m3 );
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Section 5
+//
+// Simple driver with the inter-scario printing
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+int main() {
+#if 0
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headless List Tests - insert_after ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 1-i:  Modifying Freds on MINE ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 2-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 3-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_singleton_on_singleton__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headless List Tests - insert_before ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 1-ii:  Modifying Freds on MINE ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 2-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 3-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_singleton_on_singleton__mary();
+#endif
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headed List Tests - insert_first ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 4-i:  Modifying Freds on MINE ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 5-i:  Modifying Freds on YOURS ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 6-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertfirst_two_on_empty__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Headed List Tests - insert_last ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 4-ii:  Modifying Freds on MINE ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertlast_two_on_empty__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 5-ii:  Modifying Freds on YOURS ";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertlast_two_on_empty__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 6-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertlast_two_on_empty__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~ Element ops on Headed List Tests: after, last ~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 7-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_after_last__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 8-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_after_last__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 9-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertafter_after_last__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element ops on Headed List Tests: before, first ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 7-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_before_first__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 8-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_before_first__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 9-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__insertbefore_before_first__mary();
+#if 0
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: mid ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 10-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_mid__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 11-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_mid__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 12-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_mid__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: at first ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 10-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_first__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 11-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_first__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 12-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_first__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headless List: at last ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 10-iii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_last__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 11-iii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_last__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 12-iii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_last__mary();
+#endif
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: at first ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 13-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_head__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 14-i.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_head__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 15-i.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_head__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: at last ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 13-ii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_tail__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 14-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_tail__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 15-ii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_at_tail__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ Element removal tests on Headed List: of sole ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 13-iii.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_of_sole__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 14-iii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_of_sole__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 15-iii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__remove_of_sole__mary();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ End removal tests on Headed List: First ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 16-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__pop_first__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 16-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__pop_first__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 16-iii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__pop_first__maries();
+
+	sout | "";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~ End removal tests on Headed List: Last ~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "";
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 17-i.  Modifying Freds on MINE";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__pop_last__fred_mine();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 17-ii.  Modifying Freds on YOURS";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__pop_last__fred_yours();
+
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	sout | "Test 17-iii.  Modifying Maries";
+	sout | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~";
+	test__pop_last__maries();
+
+	return 0;
+}
