Index: src/libcfa/Makefile.am
===================================================================
--- src/libcfa/Makefile.am	(revision f3ddc21749f82c4ee7197e7ea8f15ed473a52710)
+++ src/libcfa/Makefile.am	(revision 4c8f86b379d36b8c8ac77b52c65369e65169bb3e)
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@
 ## Created On       : Sun May 31 08:54:01 2015
 ## Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
-## Last Modified On : Sat Mar 25 18:00:10 2017
-## Update Count     : 212
+## Last Modified On : Sat May 13 22:36:06 2017
+## Update Count     : 213
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -41,5 +41,5 @@
 CC = ${abs_top_srcdir}/src/driver/cfa
 
-headers = limits stdlib math iostream fstream iterator rational assert containers/pair containers/vector
+headers = limits stdlib math iostream fstream iterator rational gmp assert containers/pair containers/vector
 
 # not all platforms support concurrency, add option do disable it
Index: src/libcfa/Makefile.in
===================================================================
--- src/libcfa/Makefile.in	(revision f3ddc21749f82c4ee7197e7ea8f15ed473a52710)
+++ src/libcfa/Makefile.in	(revision 4c8f86b379d36b8c8ac77b52c65369e65169bb3e)
@@ -99,6 +99,6 @@
 am__libcfa_d_a_SOURCES_DIST = libcfa-prelude.c interpose.c \
 	libhdr/libdebug.c limits.c stdlib.c math.c iostream.c \
-	fstream.c iterator.c rational.c assert.c containers/pair.c \
-	containers/vector.c concurrency/coroutine.c \
+	fstream.c iterator.c rational.c gmp.c assert.c \
+	containers/pair.c containers/vector.c concurrency/coroutine.c \
 	concurrency/thread.c concurrency/kernel.c \
 	concurrency/monitor.c concurrency/CtxSwitch-@MACHINE_TYPE@.S \
@@ -113,5 +113,5 @@
 	libcfa_d_a-iostream.$(OBJEXT) libcfa_d_a-fstream.$(OBJEXT) \
 	libcfa_d_a-iterator.$(OBJEXT) libcfa_d_a-rational.$(OBJEXT) \
-	libcfa_d_a-assert.$(OBJEXT) \
+	libcfa_d_a-gmp.$(OBJEXT) libcfa_d_a-assert.$(OBJEXT) \
 	containers/libcfa_d_a-pair.$(OBJEXT) \
 	containers/libcfa_d_a-vector.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_1)
@@ -128,6 +128,6 @@
 am__libcfa_a_SOURCES_DIST = libcfa-prelude.c interpose.c \
 	libhdr/libdebug.c limits.c stdlib.c math.c iostream.c \
-	fstream.c iterator.c rational.c assert.c containers/pair.c \
-	containers/vector.c concurrency/coroutine.c \
+	fstream.c iterator.c rational.c gmp.c assert.c \
+	containers/pair.c containers/vector.c concurrency/coroutine.c \
 	concurrency/thread.c concurrency/kernel.c \
 	concurrency/monitor.c concurrency/CtxSwitch-@MACHINE_TYPE@.S \
@@ -140,6 +140,6 @@
 	libcfa_a-math.$(OBJEXT) libcfa_a-iostream.$(OBJEXT) \
 	libcfa_a-fstream.$(OBJEXT) libcfa_a-iterator.$(OBJEXT) \
-	libcfa_a-rational.$(OBJEXT) libcfa_a-assert.$(OBJEXT) \
-	containers/libcfa_a-pair.$(OBJEXT) \
+	libcfa_a-rational.$(OBJEXT) libcfa_a-gmp.$(OBJEXT) \
+	libcfa_a-assert.$(OBJEXT) containers/libcfa_a-pair.$(OBJEXT) \
 	containers/libcfa_a-vector.$(OBJEXT) $(am__objects_5)
 @BUILD_CONCURRENCY_TRUE@am__objects_7 = concurrency/CtxSwitch-@MACHINE_TYPE@.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -180,5 +180,5 @@
 	$(am__libcfa_a_SOURCES_DIST)
 am__nobase_cfa_include_HEADERS_DIST = limits stdlib math iostream \
-	fstream iterator rational assert containers/pair \
+	fstream iterator rational gmp assert containers/pair \
 	containers/vector concurrency/coroutine concurrency/thread \
 	concurrency/kernel concurrency/monitor ${shell echo stdhdr/*} \
@@ -313,6 +313,6 @@
 EXTRA_FLAGS = -g -Wall -Werror -Wno-unused-function -I${abs_top_srcdir}/src/libcfa/libhdr -imacros libcfa-prelude.c @CFA_FLAGS@
 AM_CCASFLAGS = @CFA_FLAGS@
-headers = limits stdlib math iostream fstream iterator rational assert \
-	containers/pair containers/vector $(am__append_3)
+headers = limits stdlib math iostream fstream iterator rational gmp \
+	assert containers/pair containers/vector $(am__append_3)
 libobjs = ${headers:=.o}
 libsrc = libcfa-prelude.c interpose.c libhdr/libdebug.c ${headers:=.c} \
@@ -478,4 +478,5 @@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-assert.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-fstream.Po@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-gmp.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-interpose.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-iostream.Po@am__quote@
@@ -488,4 +489,5 @@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-assert.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-fstream.Po@am__quote@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-gmp.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-interpose.Po@am__quote@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__include@ @am__quote@./$(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-iostream.Po@am__quote@
@@ -679,4 +681,18 @@
 @am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC@am__nodep@)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_d_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o libcfa_d_a-rational.obj `if test -f 'rational.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'rational.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/rational.c'; fi`
 
+libcfa_d_a-gmp.o: gmp.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_CC)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_d_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT libcfa_d_a-gmp.o -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-gmp.Tpo -c -o libcfa_d_a-gmp.o `test -f 'gmp.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`gmp.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_at)$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-gmp.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-gmp.Po
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC)source='gmp.c' object='libcfa_d_a-gmp.o' libtool=no @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC@am__nodep@)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_d_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o libcfa_d_a-gmp.o `test -f 'gmp.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`gmp.c
+
+libcfa_d_a-gmp.obj: gmp.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_CC)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_d_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT libcfa_d_a-gmp.obj -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-gmp.Tpo -c -o libcfa_d_a-gmp.obj `if test -f 'gmp.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'gmp.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/gmp.c'; fi`
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_at)$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-gmp.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-gmp.Po
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC)source='gmp.c' object='libcfa_d_a-gmp.obj' libtool=no @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC@am__nodep@)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_d_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o libcfa_d_a-gmp.obj `if test -f 'gmp.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'gmp.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/gmp.c'; fi`
+
 libcfa_d_a-assert.o: assert.c
 @am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_CC)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_d_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT libcfa_d_a-assert.o -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_d_a-assert.Tpo -c -o libcfa_d_a-assert.o `test -f 'assert.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`assert.c
@@ -916,4 +932,18 @@
 @AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
 @am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC@am__nodep@)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o libcfa_a-rational.obj `if test -f 'rational.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'rational.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/rational.c'; fi`
+
+libcfa_a-gmp.o: gmp.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_CC)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT libcfa_a-gmp.o -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-gmp.Tpo -c -o libcfa_a-gmp.o `test -f 'gmp.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`gmp.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_at)$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-gmp.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-gmp.Po
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC)source='gmp.c' object='libcfa_a-gmp.o' libtool=no @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC@am__nodep@)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o libcfa_a-gmp.o `test -f 'gmp.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`gmp.c
+
+libcfa_a-gmp.obj: gmp.c
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_CC)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -MT libcfa_a-gmp.obj -MD -MP -MF $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-gmp.Tpo -c -o libcfa_a-gmp.obj `if test -f 'gmp.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'gmp.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/gmp.c'; fi`
+@am__fastdepCC_TRUE@	$(AM_V_at)$(am__mv) $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-gmp.Tpo $(DEPDIR)/libcfa_a-gmp.Po
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC)source='gmp.c' object='libcfa_a-gmp.obj' libtool=no @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@AMDEP_TRUE@@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) @AMDEPBACKSLASH@
+@am__fastdepCC_FALSE@	$(AM_V_CC@am__nodep@)$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(libcfa_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o libcfa_a-gmp.obj `if test -f 'gmp.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'gmp.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/gmp.c'; fi`
 
 libcfa_a-assert.o: assert.c
Index: src/libcfa/gmp
===================================================================
--- src/libcfa/gmp	(revision 4c8f86b379d36b8c8ac77b52c65369e65169bb3e)
+++ src/libcfa/gmp	(revision 4c8f86b379d36b8c8ac77b52c65369e65169bb3e)
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// 
+// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2016 University of Waterloo
+//
+// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
+// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
+// 
+// gmp -- 
+// 
+// Author           : Peter A. Buhr
+// Created On       : Tue Apr 19 08:43:43 2016
+// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
+// Last Modified On : Sat May 13 22:52:26 2017
+// Update Count     : 8
+// 
+
+extern "C" {
+// https://gmplib.org/gmp-man-6.1.1.pdf
+#include <gmp.h>										// GNU multi-precise integers
+// some code for operators "/" and "%" taken from g++ gmpxx.h
+}
+#include <fstream>										// sout
+
+struct Int { mpz_t mpz; };								// wrap GMP implementation
+
+// constructor
+void ?{}( Int * this ) { mpz_init( this->mpz ); }
+void ?{}( Int * this, Int init ) { mpz_init_set( this->mpz, init.mpz ); }
+void ?{}( Int * this, zero_t ) { mpz_init_set_si( this->mpz, 0 ); }
+void ?{}( Int * this, one_t ) { mpz_init_set_si( this->mpz, 1 ); }
+void ?{}( Int * this, signed long int init ) { mpz_init_set_si( this->mpz, init ); }
+void ?{}( Int * this, unsigned long int init ) { mpz_init_set_ui( this->mpz, init ); }
+void ?{}( Int * this, const char * val ) { if ( mpz_init_set_str( this->mpz, val, 0 ) ) abort(); }
+void ^?{}( Int * this ) { mpz_clear( this->mpz ); }
+
+// assignment
+Int ?=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { mpz_set( lhs->mpz, rhs.mpz ); return *lhs; }
+Int ?=?( Int * lhs, long int rhs ) { mpz_set_si( lhs->mpz, rhs ); return *lhs; }
+Int ?=?( Int * lhs, unsigned long int rhs ) { mpz_set_ui( lhs->mpz, rhs ); return *lhs; }
+//Int ?=?( Int * lhs, const char * rhs ) { if ( mpq_set_str( lhs->mpz, rhs, 0 ) ) abort(); return *lhs; }
+
+char ?=?( char * lhs, Int rhs ) { char val = mpz_get_si( rhs.mpz ); *lhs = val; return val; }
+short int ?=?( short int * lhs, Int rhs ) { short int val = mpz_get_si( rhs.mpz ); *lhs = val; return val; }
+int ?=?( int * lhs, Int rhs ) { int val = mpz_get_si( rhs.mpz ); *lhs = val; return val; }
+long int ?=?( long int * lhs, Int rhs ) { long int val = mpz_get_si( rhs.mpz ); *lhs = val; return val; }
+unsigned char ?=?( unsigned char * lhs, Int rhs ) { unsigned char val = mpz_get_ui( rhs.mpz ); *lhs = val; return val; }
+unsigned short int ?=?( unsigned short int * lhs, Int rhs ) { unsigned short int val = mpz_get_ui( rhs.mpz ); *lhs = val; return val; }
+unsigned int ?=?( unsigned int * lhs, Int rhs ) { unsigned int val = mpz_get_ui( rhs.mpz ); *lhs = val; return val; }
+unsigned long int ?=?( unsigned long int * lhs, Int rhs ) { unsigned long int val = mpz_get_ui( rhs.mpz ); *lhs = val; return val; }
+
+// conversions
+long int narrow( Int val ) { return mpz_get_si( val.mpz ); }
+unsigned long int narrow( Int val ) { return mpz_get_ui( val.mpz ); }
+
+// comparison
+int ?==?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp( oper1.mpz, oper2.mpz ) == 0; }
+int ?==?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp_si( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) == 0; }
+int ?==?( long int oper2, Int oper1 ) { return mpz_cmp_si( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) == 0; }
+int ?==?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp_ui( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) == 0; }
+int ?==?( unsigned long int oper2, Int oper1 ) { return mpz_cmp_ui( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) == 0; }
+
+int ?!=?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 == oper2 ); }
+int ?!=?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 == oper2 ); }
+int ?!=?( long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 == oper2 ); }
+int ?!=?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 == oper2 ); }
+int ?!=?( unsigned long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 == oper2 ); }
+
+int ?<?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp( oper1.mpz, oper2.mpz ) < 0; }
+int ?<?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp_si( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) < 0; }
+int ?<?( long int oper2, Int oper1 ) { return mpz_cmp_si( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) < 0; }
+int ?<?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp_ui( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) < 0; }
+int ?<?( unsigned long int oper2, Int oper1 ) { return mpz_cmp_ui( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) < 0; }
+
+int ?<=?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp( oper1.mpz, oper2.mpz ) <= 0; }
+int ?<=?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp_si( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) <= 0; }
+int ?<=?( long int oper2, Int oper1 ) { return mpz_cmp_si( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) <= 0; }
+int ?<=?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { return mpz_cmp_ui( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) <= 0; }
+int ?<=?( unsigned long int oper2, Int oper1 ) { return mpz_cmp_ui( oper1.mpz, oper2 ) <= 0; }
+
+int ?>?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 <= oper2 ); }
+int ?>?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 <= oper2 ); }
+int ?>?( long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 <= oper2 ); }
+int ?>?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 <= oper2 ); }
+int ?>?( unsigned long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 <= oper2 ); }
+
+int ?>=?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 < oper2 ); }
+int ?>=?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 < oper2 ); }
+int ?>=?( long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 < oper2 ); }
+int ?>=?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 < oper2 ); }
+int ?>=?( unsigned long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { return ! ( oper1 < oper2 ); }
+
+// arithmetic
+Int +?( Int oper ) { Int pos; mpz_set( pos.mpz, oper.mpz ); return pos; }
+Int -?( Int oper ) { Int neg; mpz_neg( neg.mpz, oper.mpz ); return neg; }
+Int ~?( Int oper ) { Int comp; mpz_com( comp.mpz, oper.mpz ); return comp; }
+
+Int ?&?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int conjunction; mpz_and( conjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return conjunction; }
+Int ?&?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { Int conjunction, temp; mpz_set_si( temp.mpz, oper2 ); mpz_and( conjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, temp.mpz ); return conjunction; }
+Int ?&?( long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int conjunction, temp; mpz_set_si( temp.mpz, oper1 ); mpz_and( conjunction.mpz, temp.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return conjunction; }
+Int ?&?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { Int conjunction, temp; mpz_set_ui( temp.mpz, oper2 ); mpz_and( conjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, temp.mpz ); return conjunction; }
+Int ?&?( unsigned long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int conjunction, temp; mpz_set_ui( temp.mpz, oper1 ); mpz_and( conjunction.mpz, temp.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return conjunction; }
+Int ?&=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs & rhs; }
+
+Int ?|?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int disjunction; mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?|?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { Int disjunction, temp; mpz_set_si( temp.mpz, oper2 ); mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, temp.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?|?( long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int disjunction, temp; mpz_set_si( temp.mpz, oper1 ); mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, temp.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?|?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { Int disjunction, temp; mpz_set_ui( temp.mpz, oper2 ); mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, temp.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?|?( unsigned long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int disjunction, temp; mpz_set_ui( temp.mpz, oper1 ); mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, temp.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?|=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs | rhs; }
+
+Int ?^?( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int disjunction; mpz_xor( disjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?^?( Int oper1, long int oper2 ) { Int disjunction, temp; mpz_set_si( temp.mpz, oper2 ); mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, temp.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?^?( long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int disjunction, temp; mpz_set_si( temp.mpz, oper1 ); mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, temp.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?^?( Int oper1, unsigned long int oper2 ) { Int disjunction, temp; mpz_set_ui( temp.mpz, oper2 ); mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, oper1.mpz, temp.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?^?( unsigned long int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int disjunction, temp; mpz_set_ui( temp.mpz, oper1 ); mpz_ior( disjunction.mpz, temp.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return disjunction; }
+Int ?^=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs ^ rhs; }
+
+Int ?+?( Int addend1, Int addend2 ) { Int sum; mpz_add( sum.mpz, addend1.mpz, addend2.mpz ); return sum; }
+Int ?+?( Int addend1, long int addend2 ) { Int sum; if ( addend2 >= 0 ) mpz_add_ui( sum.mpz, addend1.mpz, addend2 ); else mpz_sub_ui( sum.mpz, addend1.mpz, -addend2 ); return sum; }
+Int ?+?( long int addend2, Int addend1 ) { Int sum; if ( addend2 >= 0 ) mpz_add_ui( sum.mpz, addend1.mpz, addend2 ); else mpz_sub_ui( sum.mpz, addend1.mpz, -addend2 ); return sum; }
+Int ?+?( Int addend1, unsigned long int addend2 ) { Int sum; mpz_add_ui( sum.mpz, addend1.mpz, addend2 ); return sum; }
+Int ?+?( unsigned long int addend2, Int addend1 ) { Int sum; mpz_add_ui( sum.mpz, addend1.mpz, addend2 ); return sum; }
+Int ?+=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs + rhs; }
+Int ?+=?( Int * lhs, long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs + rhs; }
+Int ?+=?( Int * lhs, unsigned long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs + rhs; }
+Int ++?( Int * lhs ) { return *lhs += 1; }
+Int ?++( Int * lhs ) { Int ret = *lhs; *lhs += 1; return ret; }
+
+Int ?-?( Int minuend, Int subtrahend ) { Int diff; mpz_sub( diff.mpz, minuend.mpz, subtrahend.mpz ); return diff; }
+Int ?-?( Int minuend, long int subtrahend ) { Int diff; if ( subtrahend >= 0 ) mpz_sub_ui( diff.mpz, minuend.mpz, subtrahend ); else mpz_add_ui( diff.mpz, minuend.mpz, -subtrahend ); return diff; }
+Int ?-?( long int minuend, Int subtrahend ) { Int diff; if ( subtrahend >= 0 ) mpz_ui_sub( diff.mpz, minuend, subtrahend.mpz ); else { mpz_add_ui( diff.mpz, subtrahend.mpz, -minuend ); mpz_neg( diff.mpz, diff.mpz ); } return diff; }
+Int ?-?( Int minuend, unsigned long int subtrahend ) { Int diff; mpz_sub_ui( diff.mpz, minuend.mpz, subtrahend ); return diff; }
+Int ?-?( unsigned long int minuend, Int subtrahend ) { Int diff; mpz_ui_sub( diff.mpz, minuend, subtrahend.mpz ); return diff; }
+Int ?-=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs - rhs; }
+Int ?-=?( Int * lhs, long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs - rhs; }
+Int ?-=?( Int * lhs, unsigned long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs - rhs; }
+Int --?( Int * lhs ) { return *lhs -= 1; }
+Int ?--( Int * lhs ) { Int ret = *lhs; *lhs -= 1; return ret; }
+
+Int ?*?( Int multiplicator, Int multiplicand ) { Int product; mpz_mul( product.mpz, multiplicator.mpz, multiplicand.mpz ); return product; }
+Int ?*?( Int multiplicator, long int multiplicand ) { Int product; mpz_mul_si( product.mpz, multiplicator.mpz, multiplicand ); return product; }
+Int ?*?( long int multiplicand, Int multiplicator ) { Int product; mpz_mul_si( product.mpz, multiplicator.mpz, multiplicand ); return product; }
+Int ?*?( Int multiplicator, unsigned long int multiplicand ) { Int product; mpz_mul_ui( product.mpz, multiplicator.mpz, multiplicand ); return product; }
+Int ?*?( unsigned long int multiplicand, Int multiplicator ) { Int product; mpz_mul_ui( product.mpz, multiplicator.mpz, multiplicand ); return product; }
+Int ?*=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs * rhs; }
+Int ?*=?( Int * lhs, long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs * rhs; }
+Int ?*=?( Int * lhs, unsigned long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs * rhs; }
+
+Int ?/?( Int dividend, Int divisor ) { Int quotient; mpz_tdiv_q( quotient.mpz, dividend.mpz, divisor.mpz ); return quotient; }
+Int ?/?( Int dividend, unsigned long int divisor ) { Int quotient; mpz_tdiv_q_ui( quotient.mpz, dividend.mpz, divisor ); return quotient; }
+Int ?/?( unsigned long int dividend, Int divisor ) {
+	Int quotient;
+    if ( mpz_sgn( divisor.mpz ) >= 0 ) {
+		if ( mpz_fits_ulong_p( divisor.mpz ) )
+			mpz_set_ui( quotient.mpz, dividend / mpz_get_ui( divisor.mpz ) );
+		else
+			mpz_set_ui( quotient.mpz, 0 );
+	} else {
+		mpz_neg( quotient.mpz, divisor.mpz );
+		if ( mpz_fits_ulong_p( quotient.mpz ) ) {
+			mpz_set_ui( quotient.mpz, dividend / mpz_get_ui( quotient.mpz ) );
+			mpz_neg( quotient.mpz, quotient.mpz );
+		} else
+			mpz_set_ui( quotient.mpz, 0 );
+	} // if
+	return quotient;
+} // ?/?
+Int ?/?( Int dividend, long int divisor ) {
+	Int quotient;
+    if ( divisor >= 0 )
+		mpz_tdiv_q_ui( quotient.mpz, dividend.mpz, divisor );
+    else {
+		mpz_tdiv_q_ui( quotient.mpz, dividend.mpz, -divisor );
+		mpz_neg( quotient.mpz, quotient.mpz );
+	} // if
+	return quotient;
+} // ?/?
+Int ?/?( long int dividend, Int divisor ) {
+	Int quotient;
+    if ( mpz_fits_slong_p( divisor.mpz ) )
+		mpz_set_si( quotient.mpz, dividend / mpz_get_si( divisor.mpz ) );
+    else {
+        // if divisor is bigger than a long then the quotient must be zero, unless dividend==LONG_MIN and
+        // dividend==-LONG_MIN in which case the quotient is -1
+        mpz_set_si( quotient.mpz, mpz_cmpabs_ui( divisor.mpz, (dividend >= 0 ? dividend : -dividend)) == 0 ? -1 : 0 );
+	} // if
+	return quotient;
+} // ?/?
+Int ?/=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs / rhs; }
+Int ?/=?( Int * lhs, long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs / rhs; }
+Int ?/=?( Int * lhs, unsigned long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs / rhs; }
+
+[ Int, Int ] div( Int dividend, Int divisor ) { Int quotient, remainder; mpz_fdiv_qr( quotient.mpz, remainder.mpz, dividend.mpz, divisor.mpz ); return [ quotient, remainder ]; }
+[ Int, Int ] div( Int dividend, unsigned long int divisor ) { Int quotient, remainder; mpz_fdiv_qr_ui( quotient.mpz, remainder.mpz, dividend.mpz, divisor ); return [ quotient, remainder ]; }
+
+Int ?%?( Int dividend, Int divisor ) { Int remainder; mpz_tdiv_r( remainder.mpz, dividend.mpz, divisor.mpz ); return remainder; }
+Int ?%?( Int dividend, unsigned long int divisor ) { Int remainder; mpz_tdiv_r_ui( remainder.mpz, dividend.mpz, divisor ); return remainder; }
+Int ?%?( unsigned long int dividend, Int divisor ) {
+	Int remainder;
+    if ( mpz_sgn( divisor.mpz ) >= 0 ) {
+		if ( mpz_fits_ulong_p( divisor.mpz ) )
+			mpz_set_ui( remainder.mpz, dividend % mpz_get_ui( divisor.mpz ) );
+		else
+			mpz_set_ui( remainder.mpz, dividend );
+	} else {
+		mpz_neg( remainder.mpz, divisor.mpz );
+		if ( mpz_fits_ulong_p( remainder.mpz ) )
+			mpz_set_ui( remainder.mpz, dividend % mpz_get_ui( remainder.mpz ) );
+		else
+			mpz_set_ui( remainder.mpz, dividend );
+	} // if
+	return remainder;
+} // ?%?
+Int ?%?( Int dividend, long int divisor ) {
+	Int remainder;
+    mpz_tdiv_r_ui( remainder.mpz, dividend.mpz, (divisor >= 0 ? divisor : -divisor));
+	return remainder;
+} // ?%?
+Int ?%?( long int dividend, Int divisor ) {
+	Int remainder;
+    if ( mpz_fits_slong_p( divisor.mpz ) )
+		mpz_set_si( remainder.mpz, dividend % mpz_get_si( divisor.mpz ) );
+	else {
+		// if divisor is bigger than a long then the remainder is dividend unchanged, unless dividend==LONG_MIN and
+		// dividend==-LONG_MIN in which case the remainder is 0
+        mpz_set_si( remainder.mpz, mpz_cmpabs_ui( divisor.mpz, (dividend >= 0 ? dividend : -dividend)) == 0 ? 0 : dividend);
+	} // if
+	return remainder;
+} // ?%?
+Int ?%=?( Int * lhs, Int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs % rhs; }
+Int ?%=?( Int * lhs, long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs % rhs; }
+Int ?%=?( Int * lhs, unsigned long int rhs ) { return *lhs = *lhs % rhs; }
+
+Int ?<<?( Int shiften, mp_bitcnt_t shift ) { Int shifted; mpz_mul_2exp( shifted.mpz, shiften.mpz, shift ); return shifted; }
+Int ?<<=?( Int * lhs, mp_bitcnt_t shift ) { return *lhs = *lhs << shift; }
+Int ?>>?( Int shiften, mp_bitcnt_t shift ) { Int shifted; mpz_fdiv_q_2exp( shifted.mpz, shiften.mpz, shift ); return shifted; }
+Int ?>>=?( Int * lhs, mp_bitcnt_t shift ) { return *lhs = *lhs >> shift; }
+
+// number functions
+Int abs( Int oper ) { Int positive; mpz_abs( positive.mpz, oper.mpz ); return positive; }
+Int fact( unsigned long int N ) { Int factorial; mpz_fac_ui( factorial.mpz, N ); return factorial; }
+Int gcd( Int oper1, Int oper2 ) { Int gcdret; mpz_gcd( gcdret.mpz, oper1.mpz, oper2.mpz ); return gcdret; }
+Int pow( Int base, unsigned long int exponent ) { Int power; mpz_pow_ui( power.mpz, base.mpz, exponent ); return power; }
+Int pow( unsigned long int base, unsigned long int exponent ) { Int power; mpz_ui_pow_ui( power.mpz, base, exponent ); return power; }
+void srandom( gmp_randstate_t state ) { gmp_randinit_default( state ); }
+Int random( gmp_randstate_t state, mp_bitcnt_t n ) { Int rand; mpz_urandomb( rand.mpz, state, n ); return rand; }
+Int random( gmp_randstate_t state, Int n ) { Int rand; mpz_urandomm( rand.mpz, state, n.mpz ); return rand; }
+Int random( gmp_randstate_t state, mp_size_t max_size ) { Int rand; mpz_random( rand.mpz, max_size ); return rand; }
+int sgn( Int oper ) { return mpz_sgn( oper.mpz ); }
+Int sqrt( Int oper ) { Int root; mpz_sqrt( root.mpz, oper.mpz ); return root; }
+
+// I/O
+forall( dtype istype | istream( istype ) )
+istype * ?|?( istype * is, Int * mp ) {
+ 	gmp_scanf( "%Zd", mp );
+ 	return is;
+} // ?|?
+
+forall( dtype ostype | ostream( ostype ) )
+ostype * ?|?( ostype * os, Int mp ) {
+	if ( sepPrt( os ) ) fmt( os, "%s", sepGetCur( os ) );
+	gmp_printf( "%Zd", mp.mpz );
+	sepOn( os );
+ 	return os;
+} // ?|?
+
+// Local Variables: //
+// mode: c //
+// tab-width: 4 //
+// End: //
