Index: doc/papers/general/Paper.tex
===================================================================
--- doc/papers/general/Paper.tex	(revision cd310f7b1819825f5a2bf16fa41a5af95d9c83d2)
+++ doc/papers/general/Paper.tex	(revision 2dcb750eb784d06831f8c7c1c2700a7035aa71ff)
@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@
 \usepackage{upquote}						% switch curled `'" to straight
 \usepackage{listings}						% format program code
+\usepackage{enumitem}
 \usepackage[flushmargin]{footmisc}			% support label/reference in footnote
 \usepackage{rotating}
@@ -1056,6 +1057,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 case 2, 10, 34, 42:
@@ -1071,6 +1072,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 case 2~42:
@@ -1123,6 +1124,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 `choose` ( day ) {
@@ -1379,10 +1380,10 @@
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
 \lstset{moredelim=**[is][\color{blue}]{+}{+}}
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 +[5] *+ `int` x1;
 +* [5]+ `int` x2;
-+[* [5] int]+ f`( int p )`;
+`[* [5] int]` f+( int p )+;
 \end{cfa}
 &
@@ -1390,5 +1391,5 @@
 `int` +*+ x1 +[5]+;
 `int` +(*+x2+)[5]+;
-+int (*+f`( int p )`+)[5]+;
+`int (*`f+( int p )+`)[5]`;
 \end{cfa}
 \end{tabular}
@@ -1401,6 +1402,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 `*` int x, y;
@@ -1416,6 +1417,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 `*` int x;
@@ -1434,6 +1435,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{\hspace{2em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{2em}}}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 [ 5 ] int z;
@@ -1475,6 +1476,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{1em}}l@{\hspace{1em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{1em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{1em}}}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 const * const int x;
@@ -1498,6 +1499,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{\hspace{2em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{2em}}}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 extern [ 5 ] int x;
@@ -1521,6 +1522,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 y = (* int)x;
@@ -1552,6 +1553,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 [double] foo(), foo( int ), foo( double ) {...}
@@ -1815,5 +1816,5 @@
 
 As stated in Section~\ref{sec:poly-fns}, \CFA inherits a massive corpus of library code, where other programming languages must rewrite or provide fragile inter-language communication with C.
-\CFA has replacement libraries condensing hundreds of existing C functions into tens of \CFA overloaded functions, all without rewriting the actual computations.
+\CFA has replacement libraries condensing hundreds of existing C routines into tens of \CFA overloaded routines, all without rewriting the actual computations.
 In many cases, the interface is an inline wrapper providing overloading during compilation but zero cost at runtime.
 The following sections give a gleams of the interface reduction to many C libraries.
@@ -1824,9 +1825,9 @@
 
 C library @limits.h@ provides lower and upper bound constants for the basic types.
-\CFA name overloading is used to overload these constants, \eg:
+\CFA name overloading is used to condense these typed constants, \eg:
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{Definition}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Usage}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{Definition}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Usage}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 const short int `MIN` = -32768;
@@ -1846,10 +1847,10 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
-\begin{cfa}
-MIN,
-MAX,
-M_PI,
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{cfa}
+MIN
+MAX
+M_PI
 M_E
 \end{cfa}
@@ -1868,10 +1869,10 @@
 \subsection{Math}
 
-C library @math.h@ provides lower and upper bound constants for the basic types.
-\CFA name overloading is used to overload these constants, \eg:
+C library @math.h@ provides many mathematical routines.
+\CFA routine overloading is used to condense these mathematical routines, \eg:
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{Definition}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Usage}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{Definition}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Usage}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 float `log`( float x );
@@ -1891,9 +1892,9 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
-\begin{cfa}
-log,
-sqrt,
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{cfa}
+log
+sqrt
 sin
 \end{cfa}
@@ -1907,13 +1908,18 @@
 \lstMakeShortInline@%
 \end{cquote}
+While \Celeven provides type-generic math~\cite[\S~7.25]{C11} in @tgmath.h@ to provide a similar mechanism, these macros are limited, matching a routine name with a single set of floating type(s).
+For example, it is not possible to overload @atan@ for both one and two arguments;
+instead the names @atan@ and @atan2@ are required.
+The key observation is that only a restricted set of type-generic macros are provided for a limited set of routine names, which do not generalize across the type system, as in \CFA.
 
 
 \subsection{Standard}
 
-Library routines (@stdlib.h@) with multiple types.
+C library @stdlib.h@ provides many general routines.
+\CFA routine overloading is used to condense these utility routines, \eg:
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{Definition}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Usage}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{Definition}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Usage}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 unsigned int `abs`( int );
@@ -1930,12 +1936,12 @@
 \lstMakeShortInline@%
 \end{cquote}
-The result is a significant reduction in names to access math routines, \eg:
+The result is a significant reduction in names to access utility routines, \eg:
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
-\begin{cfa}
-abs,
-strto,
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{cfa}
+abs
+strto
 random
 \end{cfa}
@@ -1952,5 +1958,5 @@
 The following shows one example where \CFA \emph{extends} an existing standard C interface to reduce complexity and provide safety.
 C/\Celeven provide a number of complex and overlapping storage-management operation to support the following capabilities:
-\begin{description}
+\begin{description}[itemsep=2pt,parsep=0pt]
 \item[fill]
 after allocation the storage is filled with a specified character.
@@ -1966,5 +1972,50 @@
 \end{description}
 Table~\ref{t:StorageManagementOperations} shows the capabilities provided by C/\Celeven allocation-routines and how all the capabilities can be combined into two \CFA routines.
-\begin{table}[h]
+The following example contrasts \CFA and C storage-allocation operation performing the same operations with the same type safety:
+\begin{cquote}
+\begin{cfa}[aboveskip=0pt]
+size_t  dim = 10;
+char fill = '\xff';
+int * ip;
+\end{cfa}
+\lstDeleteShortInline@%
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{C}}	\\
+\begin{cfa}
+ip = alloc();
+ip = alloc( fill );
+ip = alloc( dim );
+ip = alloc( dim, fill );
+ip = alloc( ip, 2 * dim );
+ip = alloc( ip, 4 * dim, fill );
+
+ip = align_alloc( 16 );
+ip = align_alloc( 16, fill );
+ip = align_alloc( 16, dim );
+ip = align_alloc( 16, dim, fill );
+\end{cfa}
+&
+\begin{cfa}
+ip = (int *)malloc( sizeof( int ) );
+ip = (int *)malloc( sizeof( int ) ); memset( ip, fill, sizeof( int ) );
+ip = (int *)malloc( dim * sizeof( int ) );
+ip = (int *)malloc( sizeof( int ) ); memset( ip, fill, dim * sizeof( int ) );
+ip = (int *)realloc( ip, 2 * dim * sizeof( int ) );
+ip = (int *)realloc( ip, 4 * dim * sizeof( int ) ); memset( ip, fill, 4 * dim * sizeof( int ) );
+
+ip = memalign( 16, sizeof( int ) );
+ip = memalign( 16, sizeof( int ) ); memset( ip, fill, sizeof( int ) );
+ip = memalign( 16, dim * sizeof( int ) );
+ip = memalign( 16, dim * sizeof( int ) ); memset( ip, fill, dim * sizeof( int ) );
+\end{cfa}
+\end{tabular}
+\lstMakeShortInline@%
+\end{cquote}
+Variadic @new@ (see Section~\ref{sec:variadic-tuples}) cannot support the same overloading because extra parameters are for initialization.
+
+Finally, the \CFA memory-allocator has \newterm{sticky properties} for dynamically-allocated storage: fill and alignment are remembered with an object's storage.
+When a @realloc@ is performed, the sticky properties are respected, so that new storage is correctly aligned and initialized with the fill character.
+
+\begin{table}
 \centering
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
@@ -1981,6 +2032,6 @@
 C11		& ~aligned_alloc~	& no			& no		& yes		& no	\\
 \hline
-\CFA	& ~alloc~			& no/copy/yes	& no/yes	& no		& yes	\\
-		& ~align_alloc~		& no/yes		& no		& yes		& yes	\\
+\CFA	& ~alloc~			& yes/copy		& no/yes	& no		& yes	\\
+		& ~align_alloc~		& yes			& no		& yes		& yes	\\
 \end{tabular}
 \lstDeleteShortInline~%
@@ -1989,5 +2040,4 @@
 \label{t:StorageManagementOperations}
 \end{table}
-It is impossible to resize with alignment because the underlying @realloc@ allocates storage if more space is needed, and it does not honour alignment from the original allocation.
 
 
@@ -2002,6 +2052,6 @@
 \begin{cquote}
 \lstDeleteShortInline@%
-\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{3em}}l@{}}
-\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{3em}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{\CC}}	\\
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}l@{}}
+\multicolumn{1}{c@{\hspace{\parindentlnth}}}{\textbf{\CFA}}	& \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{\CC}}	\\
 \begin{cfa}
 int x = 1, y = 2, z = 3;
@@ -2062,5 +2112,5 @@
 The implicit separator character (space/blank) is a separator not a terminator.
 The rules for implicitly adding the separator are:
-\begin{list}{\footnotesize$\bullet$}{\itemsep=2pt\parsep=0pt}
+\begin{itemize}[itemsep=2pt,parsep=0pt]
 \item
 A separator does not appear at the start or end of a line.
@@ -2079,5 +2129,5 @@
 \item
 There are routines to set and get the separator string, and manipulators to toggle separation on and off in the middle of output.
-\end{list}
+\end{itemize}
 The storage-management routines extend their C equivalents by overloading, alternate names, providing shallow type-safety, and removing the need to specify the allocation size for non-array types.