Ignore:
Timestamp:
Jan 15, 2021, 6:27:20 PM (4 years ago)
Author:
Andrew Beach <ajbeach@…>
Branches:
ADT, arm-eh, ast-experimental, enum, forall-pointer-decay, jacob/cs343-translation, master, new-ast-unique-expr, pthread-emulation, qualifiedEnum
Children:
0cc43e1, 35ea4f3
Parents:
77ff383
Message:

Andrew MMath: Added some features and cleaned up future.tex.

File:
1 edited

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  • doc/theses/andrew_beach_MMath/features.tex

    r77ff383 r02b73ea  
    1010of they virtual system was designed and implemented.
    1111
    12 Virtual types are organizied in simple hierarchies. Each virtual type may have
     12Virtual types are organized in simple hierarchies. Each virtual type may have
    1313a parent and can have any number of children. A type's descendants are its
    1414children and its children's descendants. A type may not be its own descendant.
     
    1717structure that has fields for all the virtual members of a type. A virtual
    1818type has all the virtual members of its parent and can add more. It may also
    19 update the values of the virtual members.
     19update the values of the virtual members and should in many cases.
    2020
    2121Except for virtual casts, this is only used internally in the exception
     
    2727\end{lstlisting}
    2828
    29 This has the same precidence as a traditional C-cast and can be used in the
     29This has the same precedence as a traditional C-cast and can be used in the
    3030same places. This will convert the result of EXPRESSION to the type TYPE. Both
    3131the type of EXPRESSION and TYPE must be pointers to virtual types.
     
    4141% features all exceptions support.
    4242
     43\subsection{Exception Traits}
     44Exceptions are defined by the trait system; there are a series of traits and
     45if a type satisfies them then they can be used as exceptions.
     46
     47\begin{lstlisting}
     48trait is_exception(dtype exceptT, dtype virtualT) {
     49    virtualT const & get_exception_vtable(exceptT *);
     50};
     51\end{lstlisting}
     52This is the base trait that all exceptions need to match.
     53The single function takes any pointer (including the null pointer) and
     54returns a reference to the virtual table instance. Defining this function
     55also establishes the virtual type and virtual table pair to the resolver
     56and promises that \codeCFA{exceptT} is a virtual type and a child of the
     57base exception type.
     58
     59One odd thing about \codeCFA{get_exception_vtable} is that it should always
     60be a constant function, returning the same value regardless of its argument.
     61A pointer or reference to the virtual table instance could be used instead,
     62however using a function has some ease of implementation advantages and
     63allows for easier disambiguation because the virtual type name (or the
     64address of an instance that is in scope) can be used instead of the mangled
     65virtual table name.
     66
     67Also note the use of the word ``promise" in the trait description. \CFA
     68cannot currently check to see if either \codeCFA{exceptT} or
     69\codeCFA{virtualT} match the layout requirements. Currently this is
     70considered part of \codeCFA{get_exception_vtable}'s correct implementation.
     71
     72\begin{lstlisting}
     73trait is_termination_exception(
     74        dtype exceptT, dtype virtualT | is_exception(exceptT, virtualT)) {
     75    void defaultTerminationHandler(exceptT &);
     76};
     77\end{lstlisting}
     78The only additional function required to make the exception usable with
     79termination is a default handler. This function is called whenever a
     80termination throw on an exception of this type is preformed and no handler
     81is found.
     82
     83\begin{lstlisting}
     84trait is_resumption_exception(
     85        dtype exceptT, dtype virtualT | is_exception(exceptT, virtualT)) {
     86    void defaultResumptionHandler(exceptT &);
     87};
     88\end{lstlisting}
     89Creating a resumption exception is exactly the same except for resumption.
     90The name change reflects that and the function is called when a resumption
     91throw on an exception of this type is preformed and no handler is found.
     92
     93Finally there are three additional macros that can be used to refer to the
     94these traits. They are \codeCFA{IS_EXCEPTION},
     95\codeCFA{IS_TERMINATION_EXCEPTION} and \codeCFA{IS_RESUMPTION_EXCEPTION}.
     96Each takes the virtual type's name and, for polymorphic types only, the
     97parenthesized list of polymorphic arguments. These do the name mangling to
     98get the virtual table name and provide the arguments to both sides.
     99
    43100\section{Termination}
    44101
    45 Termination exception throws are likely the most framilar kind, as they are
     102Termination exception throws are likely the most familiar kind, as they are
    46103used in several popular programming languages. A termination will throw an
    47104exception, search the stack for a handler, unwind the stack to where the
     
    66123
    67124Then the exception system will search the stack starting from the throw and
    68 proceding towards the base of the stack, from callee to caller. As it goes
     125proceeding towards the base of the stack, from callee to caller. As it goes
    69126it will check any termination handlers it finds:
    70127
     
    111168\paragraph{Re-Throwing}
    112169
    113 You can also rethrow the most recent termination exception with
     170You can also re-throw the most recent termination exception with
    114171\codeCFA{throw;}. % This is terrible and you should never do it.
    115172This can be done in a handler or any function that could be called from a
     
    135192\end{lstlisting}
    136193The result of EXPRESSION must be a resumption exception type. A resumption
    137 exception type is any type that satifies the assertion
     194exception type is any type that satisfies the assertion
    138195\codeCFA{void defaultResumptionHandler(T &);} (the default handler). When the
    139196statement is executed the expression is evaluated and the result is thrown.
     
    159216continues from the throw statement.
    160217
    161 If no approprate handler is found then the default handler is called. The
     218If no appropriate handler is found then the default handler is called. The
    162219throw statement acts as a regular function call passing the exception to
    163220the default handler and after the handler finishes executing control continues
     
    174231which is what most users expect.
    175232
    176 % This might need a diagram. But it is an important part of the justifaction
     233% This might need a diagram. But it is an important part of the justification
    177234% of the design of the traversal order.
    178235It also avoids the recursive resumption problem. If the entire stack is
     
    184241system an A resumed from the top of the stack will be handled by the first
    185242handler. A B resumed from the top or from the first handler it will be handled
    186 by the second hander. The only difference is when A is thrown from the second
     243by the second handler. The only difference is when A is thrown from the second
    187244handler. The entire stack search will call the first handler again, creating a
    188245loop. Starting from the position in the stack though will break this loop.
     
    198255It also has the same behaviour, after the exception type has been matched
    199256with the EXCEPTION\_TYPE the CONDITION is evaluated with NAME in scope. If
    200 the result is true then the hander is run, otherwise the search continues
     257the result is true then the handler is run, otherwise the search continues
    201258just as if there had been a type mismatch.
    202259
     
    241298the finally block. Other ways to leave the finally block - such as a long
    242299jump or termination - are much harder to check, at best requiring additional
    243 runtime overhead, and so are merely discouraged.
     300run-time overhead, and so are merely discouraged.
    244301
    245302\section{Cancellation}
     
    250307
    251308There is no special statement for starting a cancellation, instead you call
    252 the standard libary function \codeCFA{cancel\_stack} which takes an exception.
     309the standard library function \codeCFA{cancel\_stack} which takes an exception.
    253310Unlike in a throw this exception is not used in control flow but is just there
    254311to pass information about why the cancellation happened.
    255312
    256 The handler is decided entirely by which stack is being cancelled. There are
     313The handler is decided entirely by which stack is being canceled. There are
    257314three handlers that apply to three different groups of stacks:
    258315\begin{itemize}
     
    266323
    267324\item Thread Stack:
    268 Thread stacks are those created \codeCFA{thread} or otherwise satify the
     325Thread stacks are those created \codeCFA{thread} or otherwise satisfy the
    269326\codeCFA{is\_thread} trait.
    270327
     
    288345context required for the other. This can happen with join but as the
    289346destructors will always be run when the stack is being unwound and one
    290 termination/cancellation is already active. Also since they are implicite they
     347termination/cancellation is already active. Also since they are implicit they
    291348are easier to forget about.
    292349
    293350\item Coroutine Stack:
    294351Coroutine stacks are those created with \codeCFA{coroutine} or otherwise
    295 satify the \codeCFA{is\_coroutine} trait.
     352satisfy the \codeCFA{is\_coroutine} trait.
    296353
    297354A coroutine knows of two other coroutines, its starter and its last resumer.
     
    301358Resume will resume throw a \codeCFA{CoroutineCancelled} exception, which is
    302359polymorphic over the coroutine type and has a pointer to the coroutine being
    303 cancelled and the cancelling exception. The resume function also has an
     360canceled and the canceling exception. The resume function also has an
    304361assertion that the \codeCFA{defaultResumptionHandler} for the exception. So it
    305362will use the default handler like a regular throw.
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