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heap.cfa @ 95eb7cf

ADTarm-ehast-experimentalenumforall-pointer-decayjacob/cs343-translationjenkins-sandboxnew-astnew-ast-unique-exprpthread-emulationqualifiedEnum

Last change on this file since 95eb7cf was 95eb7cf, checked in by Peter A. Buhr <pabuhr@…>, 4 years ago
major update of heap, especially realloc
Property mode set to `100644`
File size: 43.2 KB

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1	//
2	// Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2017 University of Waterloo
3	//
4	// The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
5	// file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
6	//
7	// heap.c --
8	//
9	// Author : Peter A. Buhr
10	// Created On : Tue Dec 19 21:58:35 2017
11	// Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
12	// Last Modified On : Fri Nov 22 14:16:30 2019
13	// Update Count : 626
14	//
15
16	#include <unistd.h> // sbrk, sysconf
17	#include <stdbool.h> // true, false
18	#include <stdio.h> // snprintf, fileno
19	#include <errno.h> // errno
20	extern "C" {
21	#include <sys/mman.h> // mmap, munmap
22	} // extern "C"
23
24	// #comment TD : Many of these should be merged into math I believe
25	#include "bits/align.hfa" // libPow2
26	#include "bits/defs.hfa" // likely, unlikely
27	#include "bits/locks.hfa" // __spinlock_t
28	#include "startup.hfa" // STARTUP_PRIORITY_MEMORY
29	#include "stdlib.hfa" // bsearchl
30	#include "malloc.h"
31
32	#define MIN(x, y) (y > x ? x : y)
33
34	static bool traceHeap = false;
35
36	inline bool traceHeap() {
37	return traceHeap;
38	} // traceHeap
39
40	bool traceHeapOn() {
41	bool temp = traceHeap;
42	traceHeap = true;
43	return temp;
44	} // traceHeapOn
45
46	bool traceHeapOff() {
47	bool temp = traceHeap;
48	traceHeap = false;
49	return temp;
50	} // traceHeapOff
51
52
53	static bool prtFree = false;
54
55	inline bool prtFree() {
56	return prtFree;
57	} // prtFree
58
59	bool prtFreeOn() {
60	bool temp = prtFree;
61	prtFree = true;
62	return temp;
63	} // prtFreeOn
64
65	bool prtFreeOff() {
66	bool temp = prtFree;
67	prtFree = false;
68	return temp;
69	} // prtFreeOff
70
71
72	// static bool traceHeapTerm = false;
73
74	// inline bool traceHeapTerm() {
75	// return traceHeapTerm;
76	// } // traceHeapTerm
77
78	// bool traceHeapTermOn() {
79	// bool temp = traceHeapTerm;
80	// traceHeapTerm = true;
81	// return temp;
82	// } // traceHeapTermOn
83
84	// bool traceHeapTermOff() {
85	// bool temp = traceHeapTerm;
86	// traceHeapTerm = false;
87	// return temp;
88	// } // traceHeapTermOff
89
90
91	enum {
92	__CFA_DEFAULT_MMAP_START__ = (512 * 1024 + 1),
93	__CFA_DEFAULT_HEAP_EXPANSION__ = (1 * 1024 * 1024),
94	};
95
96	size_t default_mmap_start() __attribute__(( weak )) {
97	return __CFA_DEFAULT_MMAP_START__;
98	} // default_mmap_start
99
100	size_t default_heap_expansion() __attribute__(( weak )) {
101	return __CFA_DEFAULT_HEAP_EXPANSION__;
102	} // default_heap_expansion
103
104
105	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
106	static unsigned int allocFree; // running total of allocations minus frees
107
108	static void prtUnfreed() {
109	if ( allocFree != 0 ) {
110	// DO NOT USE STREAMS AS THEY MAY BE UNAVAILABLE AT THIS POINT.
111	// char helpText[512];
112	// int len = snprintf( helpText, sizeof(helpText), "CFA warning (UNIX pid:%ld) : program terminating with %u(0x%x) bytes of storage allocated but not freed.\n"
113	// "Possible cause is unfreed storage allocated by the program or system/library routines called from the program.\n",
114	// (long int)getpid(), allocFree, allocFree ); // always print the UNIX pid
115	// __cfaabi_dbg_bits_write( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, len ); // print debug/nodebug
116	} // if
117	} // prtUnfreed
118
119	extern "C" {
120	void heapAppStart() { // called by __cfaabi_appready_startup
121	allocFree = 0;
122	} // heapAppStart
123
124	void heapAppStop() { // called by __cfaabi_appready_startdown
125	fclose( stdin ); fclose( stdout );
126	prtUnfreed();
127	} // heapAppStop
128	} // extern "C"
129	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
130
131	// statically allocated variables => zero filled.
132	static size_t pageSize; // architecture pagesize
133	static size_t heapExpand; // sbrk advance
134	static size_t mmapStart; // cross over point for mmap
135	static unsigned int maxBucketsUsed; // maximum number of buckets in use
136
137
138	#define SPINLOCK 0
139	#define LOCKFREE 1
140	#define BUCKETLOCK SPINLOCK
141	#if BUCKETLOCK == LOCKFREE
142	#include <uStackLF.h>
143	#endif // LOCKFREE
144
145	// Recursive definitions: HeapManager needs size of bucket array and bucket area needs sizeof HeapManager storage.
146	// Break recusion by hardcoding number of buckets and statically checking number is correct after bucket array defined.
147	enum { NoBucketSizes = 91 }; // number of buckets sizes
148
149	struct HeapManager {
150	// struct FreeHeader; // forward declaration
151
152	struct Storage {
153	struct Header { // header
154	union Kind {
155	struct RealHeader {
156	union {
157	struct { // 4-byte word => 8-byte header, 8-byte word => 16-byte header
158	#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
159	uint32_t padding; // unused, force home/blocksize to overlay alignment in fake header
160	#endif // __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
161
162	union {
163	// FreeHeader * home; // allocated block points back to home locations (must overlay alignment)
164	void * home; // allocated block points back to home locations (must overlay alignment)
165	size_t blockSize; // size for munmap (must overlay alignment)
166	#if BUCKLOCK == SPINLOCK
167	Storage * next; // freed block points next freed block of same size
168	#endif // SPINLOCK
169	};
170
171	#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
172	uint32_t padding; // unused, force home/blocksize to overlay alignment in fake header
173	#endif // __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ && __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
174	};
175	// future code
176	#if BUCKLOCK == LOCKFREE
177	Stack<Storage>::Link next; // freed block points next freed block of same size (double-wide)
178	#endif // LOCKFREE
179	};
180	} real; // RealHeader
181	struct FakeHeader {
182	#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
183	uint32_t alignment; // low-order bits of home/blockSize used for tricks
184	#endif // __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
185
186	uint32_t offset;
187
188	#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
189	uint32_t alignment; // low-order bits of home/blockSize used for tricks
190	#endif // __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
191	} fake; // FakeHeader
192	} kind; // Kind
193	} header; // Header
194	char pad[libAlign() - sizeof( Header )];
195	char data[0]; // storage
196	}; // Storage
197
198	static_assert( libAlign() >= sizeof( Storage ), "libAlign() < sizeof( Storage )" );
199
200	struct FreeHeader {
201	#if BUCKLOCK == SPINLOCK
202	__spinlock_t lock; // must be first field for alignment
203	Storage * freeList;
204	#elif BUCKLOCK == LOCKFREE
205	// future code
206	StackLF<Storage> freeList;
207	#else
208	#error undefined lock type for bucket lock
209	#endif // SPINLOCK
210	size_t blockSize; // size of allocations on this list
211	}; // FreeHeader
212
213	// must be first fields for alignment
214	__spinlock_t extlock; // protects allocation-buffer extension
215	FreeHeader freeLists[NoBucketSizes]; // buckets for different allocation sizes
216
217	void * heapBegin; // start of heap
218	void * heapEnd; // logical end of heap
219	size_t heapRemaining; // amount of storage not allocated in the current chunk
220	}; // HeapManager
221
222	static inline size_t getKey( const HeapManager.FreeHeader & freeheader ) { return freeheader.blockSize; }
223
224
225	#define FASTLOOKUP
226	#define __STATISTICS__
227
228	// Powers of 2 are common allocation sizes, so make powers of 2 generate the minimum required size.
229	static const unsigned int bucketSizes[] @= { // different bucket sizes
230	16, 32, 48, 64 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
231	96, 112, 128 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 3
232	160, 192, 224, 256 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
233	320, 384, 448, 512 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
234	640, 768, 896, 1_024 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
235	1_536, 2_048 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 2
236	2_560, 3_072, 3_584, 4_096 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
237	6_144, 8_192 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 2
238	9_216, 10_240, 11_264, 12_288, 13_312, 14_336, 15_360, 16_384 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
239	18_432, 20_480, 22_528, 24_576, 26_624, 28_672, 30_720, 32_768 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
240	36_864, 40_960, 45_056, 49_152, 53_248, 57_344, 61_440, 65_536 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
241	73_728, 81_920, 90_112, 98_304, 106_496, 114_688, 122_880, 131_072 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
242	147_456, 163_840, 180_224, 196_608, 212_992, 229_376, 245_760, 262_144 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
243	294_912, 327_680, 360_448, 393_216, 425_984, 458_752, 491_520, 524_288 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
244	655_360, 786_432, 917_504, 1_048_576 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
245	1_179_648, 1_310_720, 1_441_792, 1_572_864, 1_703_936, 1_835_008, 1_966_080, 2_097_152 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 8
246	2_621_440, 3_145_728, 3_670_016, 4_194_304 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage), // 4
247	};
248
249	static_assert( NoBucketSizes == sizeof(bucketSizes) / sizeof(bucketSizes[0]), "size of bucket array wrong" );
250
251	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
252	enum { LookupSizes = 65_536 + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) }; // number of fast lookup sizes
253	static unsigned char lookup[LookupSizes]; // O(1) lookup for small sizes
254	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
255
256	static int mmapFd = -1; // fake or actual fd for anonymous file
257	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
258	static bool heapBoot = 0; // detect recursion during boot
259	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
260	static HeapManager heapManager __attribute__(( aligned (128) )) @= {}; // size of cache line to prevent false sharing
261
262
263	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
264	// Heap statistics counters.
265	static unsigned long long int mmap_storage;
266	static unsigned int mmap_calls;
267	static unsigned long long int munmap_storage;
268	static unsigned int munmap_calls;
269	static unsigned long long int sbrk_storage;
270	static unsigned int sbrk_calls;
271	static unsigned long long int malloc_storage;
272	static unsigned int malloc_calls;
273	static unsigned long long int free_storage;
274	static unsigned int free_calls;
275	static unsigned long long int calloc_storage;
276	static unsigned int calloc_calls;
277	static unsigned long long int memalign_storage;
278	static unsigned int memalign_calls;
279	static unsigned long long int cmemalign_storage;
280	static unsigned int cmemalign_calls;
281	static unsigned long long int realloc_storage;
282	static unsigned int realloc_calls;
283	// Statistics file descriptor (changed by malloc_stats_fd).
284	static int statfd = STDERR_FILENO; // default stderr
285
286	// Use "write" because streams may be shutdown when calls are made.
287	static void printStats() {
288	char helpText[512];
289	__cfaabi_bits_print_buffer( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, sizeof(helpText),
290	"\nHeap statistics:\n"
291	" malloc: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
292	" calloc: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
293	" memalign: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
294	" cmemalign: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
295	" realloc: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
296	" free: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
297	" mmap: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
298	" munmap: calls %u / storage %llu\n"
299	" sbrk: calls %u / storage %llu\n",
300	malloc_calls, malloc_storage,
301	calloc_calls, calloc_storage,
302	memalign_calls, memalign_storage,
303	cmemalign_calls, cmemalign_storage,
304	realloc_calls, realloc_storage,
305	free_calls, free_storage,
306	mmap_calls, mmap_storage,
307	munmap_calls, munmap_storage,
308	sbrk_calls, sbrk_storage
309	);
310	} // printStats
311
312	static int printStatsXML( FILE * stream ) { // see malloc_info
313	char helpText[512];
314	int len = snprintf( helpText, sizeof(helpText),
315	"<malloc version=\"1\">\n"
316	"<heap nr=\"0\">\n"
317	"<sizes>\n"
318	"</sizes>\n"
319	"<total type=\"malloc\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
320	"<total type=\"calloc\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
321	"<total type=\"memalign\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
322	"<total type=\"cmemalign\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
323	"<total type=\"realloc\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
324	"<total type=\"free\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
325	"<total type=\"mmap\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
326	"<total type=\"munmap\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
327	"<total type=\"sbrk\" count=\"%u\" size=\"%llu\"/>\n"
328	"</malloc>",
329	malloc_calls, malloc_storage,
330	calloc_calls, calloc_storage,
331	memalign_calls, memalign_storage,
332	cmemalign_calls, cmemalign_storage,
333	realloc_calls, realloc_storage,
334	free_calls, free_storage,
335	mmap_calls, mmap_storage,
336	munmap_calls, munmap_storage,
337	sbrk_calls, sbrk_storage
338	);
339	__cfaabi_bits_write( fileno( stream ), helpText, len ); // ensures all bytes written or exit
340	return len;
341	} // printStatsXML
342	#endif // __STATISTICS__
343
344
345	// #comment TD : Is this the samething as Out-of-Memory?
346	static inline void noMemory() {
347	abort( "Heap memory exhausted at %zu bytes.\n"
348	"Possible cause is very large memory allocation and/or large amount of unfreed storage allocated by the program or system/library routines.",
349	((char )(sbrk( 0 )) - (char )(heapManager.heapBegin)) );
350	} // noMemory
351
352
353	static inline void checkAlign( size_t alignment ) {
354	if ( alignment < libAlign() \|\| ! libPow2( alignment ) ) {
355	abort( "Alignment %zu for memory allocation is less than %d and/or not a power of 2.", alignment, libAlign() );
356	} // if
357	} // checkAlign
358
359
360	static inline bool setHeapExpand( size_t value ) {
361	if ( heapExpand < pageSize ) return true;
362	heapExpand = value;
363	return false;
364	} // setHeapExpand
365
366
367	static inline bool setMmapStart( size_t value ) { // true => mmapped, false => sbrk
368	if ( value < pageSize \|\| bucketSizes[NoBucketSizes - 1] < value ) return true;
369	mmapStart = value; // set global
370
371	// find the closest bucket size less than or equal to the mmapStart size
372	maxBucketsUsed = bsearchl( (unsigned int)mmapStart, bucketSizes, NoBucketSizes ); // binary search
373	assert( maxBucketsUsed < NoBucketSizes ); // subscript failure ?
374	assert( mmapStart <= bucketSizes[maxBucketsUsed] ); // search failure ?
375	return false;
376	} // setMmapStart
377
378
379	static inline void checkHeader( bool check, const char * name, void * addr ) {
380	if ( unlikely( check ) ) { // bad address ?
381	abort( "Attempt to %s storage %p with address outside the heap.\n"
382	"Possible cause is duplicate free on same block or overwriting of memory.",
383	name, addr );
384	} // if
385	} // checkHeader
386
387
388	static inline void fakeHeader( HeapManager.Storage.Header *& header, size_t & alignment ) {
389	if ( unlikely( (header->kind.fake.alignment & 1) == 1 ) ) { // fake header ?
390	size_t offset = header->kind.fake.offset;
391	alignment = header->kind.fake.alignment & -2; // remove flag from value
392	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
393	checkAlign( alignment ); // check alignment
394	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
395	header = (HeapManager.Storage.Header )((char )header - offset);
396	} // if
397	} // fakeHeader
398
399
400	// <-------+----------------------------------------------------> bsize (bucket size)
401	// \|header \|addr
402	//==================================================================================
403	// \| alignment
404	// <-----------------<------------+-----------------------------> bsize (bucket size)
405	// \|fake-header \| addr
406	#define headerAddr( addr ) ((HeapManager.Storage.Header )( (char )addr - sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) ))
407
408	// <-------<<--------------------- dsize ---------------------->> bsize (bucket size)
409	// \|header \|addr
410	//==================================================================================
411	// \| alignment
412	// <------------------------------<<---------- dsize --------->>> bsize (bucket size)
413	// \|fake-header \|addr
414	#define dataStorage( bsize, addr, header ) (bsize - ( (char )addr - (char )header ))
415
416
417	static inline bool headers( const char * name __attribute__(( unused )), void * addr, HeapManager.Storage.Header & header, HeapManager.FreeHeader & freeElem, size_t & size, size_t & alignment ) with ( heapManager ) {
418	header = headerAddr( addr );
419
420	if ( unlikely( heapEnd < addr ) ) { // mmapped ?
421	fakeHeader( header, alignment );
422	size = header->kind.real.blockSize & -3; // mmap size
423	return true;
424	} // if
425
426	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
427	checkHeader( addr < heapBegin \|\| header < (HeapManager.Storage.Header *)heapBegin, name, addr ); // bad low address ?
428	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
429
430	// header may be safe to dereference
431	fakeHeader( header, alignment );
432	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
433	checkHeader( header < (HeapManager.Storage.Header )heapBegin \|\| (HeapManager.Storage.Header )heapEnd < header, name, addr ); // bad address ? (offset could be + or -)
434	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
435
436	freeElem = (HeapManager.FreeHeader *)((size_t)header->kind.real.home & -3);
437	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
438	if ( freeElem < &freeLists[0] \|\| &freeLists[NoBucketSizes] <= freeElem ) {
439	abort( "Attempt to %s storage %p with corrupted header.\n"
440	"Possible cause is duplicate free on same block or overwriting of header information.",
441	name, addr );
442	} // if
443	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
444	size = freeElem->blockSize;
445	return false;
446	} // headers
447
448
449	static inline void * extend( size_t size ) with ( heapManager ) {
450	lock( extlock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
451	ptrdiff_t rem = heapRemaining - size;
452	if ( rem < 0 ) {
453	// If the size requested is bigger than the current remaining storage, increase the size of the heap.
454
455	size_t increase = libCeiling( size > heapExpand ? size : heapExpand, libAlign() );
456	if ( sbrk( increase ) == (void *)-1 ) {
457	unlock( extlock );
458	errno = ENOMEM;
459	return 0p;
460	} // if
461	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
462	sbrk_calls += 1;
463	sbrk_storage += increase;
464	#endif // __STATISTICS__
465	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
466	// Set new memory to garbage so subsequent uninitialized usages might fail.
467	memset( (char *)heapEnd + heapRemaining, '\377', increase );
468	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
469	rem = heapRemaining + increase - size;
470	} // if
471
472	HeapManager.Storage * block = (HeapManager.Storage *)heapEnd;
473	heapRemaining = rem;
474	heapEnd = (char *)heapEnd + size;
475	unlock( extlock );
476	return block;
477	} // extend
478
479
480	size_t Bsearchl( unsigned int key, const unsigned int * vals, size_t dim ) {
481	size_t l = 0, m, h = dim;
482	while ( l < h ) {
483	m = (l + h) / 2;
484	if ( (unsigned int &)(vals[m]) < key ) { // cast away const
485	l = m + 1;
486	} else {
487	h = m;
488	} // if
489	} // while
490	return l;
491	} // Bsearchl
492
493
494	static inline void * doMalloc( size_t size ) with ( heapManager ) {
495	HeapManager.Storage * block; // pointer to new block of storage
496
497	// Look up size in the size list. Make sure the user request includes space for the header that must be allocated
498	// along with the block and is a multiple of the alignment size.
499
500	if ( unlikely( size > ~0ul - sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) ) ) return 0p;
501	size_t tsize = size + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage);
502	if ( likely( tsize < mmapStart ) ) { // small size => sbrk
503	size_t posn;
504	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
505	if ( tsize < LookupSizes ) posn = lookup[tsize];
506	else
507	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
508	posn = Bsearchl( (unsigned int)tsize, bucketSizes, (size_t)maxBucketsUsed );
509	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem = &freeLists[posn];
510	// #ifdef FASTLOOKUP
511	// if ( tsize < LookupSizes )
512	// freeElem = &freeLists[lookup[tsize]];
513	// else
514	// #endif // FASTLOOKUP
515	// freeElem = bsearchl( tsize, freeLists, (size_t)maxBucketsUsed ); // binary search
516	// HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem =
517	// #ifdef FASTLOOKUP
518	// tsize < LookupSizes ? &freeLists[lookup[tsize]] :
519	// #endif // FASTLOOKUP
520	// bsearchl( tsize, freeLists, (size_t)maxBucketsUsed ); // binary search
521	assert( freeElem <= &freeLists[maxBucketsUsed] ); // subscripting error ?
522	assert( tsize <= freeElem->blockSize ); // search failure ?
523	tsize = freeElem->blockSize; // total space needed for request
524
525	// Spin until the lock is acquired for this particular size of block.
526
527	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
528	lock( freeElem->lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 );
529	block = freeElem->freeList; // remove node from stack
530	#else
531	block = freeElem->freeList.pop();
532	#endif // SPINLOCK
533	if ( unlikely( block == 0p ) ) { // no free block ?
534	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
535	unlock( freeElem->lock );
536	#endif // SPINLOCK
537
538	// Freelist for that size was empty, so carve it out of the heap if there's enough left, or get some more
539	// and then carve it off.
540
541	block = (HeapManager.Storage *)extend( tsize ); // mutual exclusion on call
542	if ( unlikely( block == 0p ) ) return 0p;
543	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
544	} else {
545	freeElem->freeList = block->header.kind.real.next;
546	unlock( freeElem->lock );
547	#endif // SPINLOCK
548	} // if
549
550	block->header.kind.real.home = freeElem; // pointer back to free list of apropriate size
551	} else { // large size => mmap
552	if ( unlikely( size > ~0ul - pageSize ) ) return 0p;
553	tsize = libCeiling( tsize, pageSize ); // must be multiple of page size
554	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
555	__atomic_add_fetch( &mmap_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
556	__atomic_add_fetch( &mmap_storage, tsize, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
557	#endif // __STATISTICS__
558	block = (HeapManager.Storage *)mmap( 0, tsize, PROT_READ \| PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE \| MAP_ANONYMOUS, mmapFd, 0 );
559	if ( block == (HeapManager.Storage *)MAP_FAILED ) {
560	// Do not call strerror( errno ) as it may call malloc.
561	abort( "(HeapManager &)0x%p.doMalloc() : internal error, mmap failure, size:%zu error:%d.", &heapManager, tsize, errno );
562	} // if
563	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
564	// Set new memory to garbage so subsequent uninitialized usages might fail.
565	memset( block, '\377', tsize );
566	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
567	block->header.kind.real.blockSize = tsize; // storage size for munmap
568	} // if
569
570	void * addr = &(block->data); // adjust off header to user bytes
571
572	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
573	assert( ((uintptr_t)addr & (libAlign() - 1)) == 0 ); // minimum alignment ?
574	__atomic_add_fetch( &allocFree, tsize, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
575	if ( traceHeap() ) {
576	enum { BufferSize = 64 };
577	char helpText[BufferSize];
578	int len = snprintf( helpText, BufferSize, "%p = Malloc( %zu ) (allocated %zu)\n", addr, size, tsize );
579	// int len = snprintf( helpText, BufferSize, "Malloc %p %zu\n", addr, size );
580	__cfaabi_bits_write( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, len ); // print debug/nodebug
581	} // if
582	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
583
584	return addr;
585	} // doMalloc
586
587
588	static inline void doFree( void * addr ) with ( heapManager ) {
589	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
590	if ( unlikely( heapManager.heapBegin == 0p ) ) {
591	abort( "doFree( %p ) : internal error, called before heap is initialized.", addr );
592	} // if
593	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
594
595	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
596	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
597	size_t size, alignment; // not used (see realloc)
598
599	if ( headers( "free", addr, header, freeElem, size, alignment ) ) { // mmapped ?
600	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
601	__atomic_add_fetch( &munmap_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
602	__atomic_add_fetch( &munmap_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
603	#endif // __STATISTICS__
604	if ( munmap( header, size ) == -1 ) {
605	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
606	abort( "Attempt to deallocate storage %p not allocated or with corrupt header.\n"
607	"Possible cause is invalid pointer.",
608	addr );
609	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
610	} // if
611	} else {
612	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
613	// Set free memory to garbage so subsequent usages might fail.
614	memset( ((HeapManager.Storage *)header)->data, '\377', freeElem->blockSize - sizeof( HeapManager.Storage ) );
615	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
616
617	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
618	free_storage += size;
619	#endif // __STATISTICS__
620	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
621	lock( freeElem->lock __cfaabi_dbg_ctx2 ); // acquire spin lock
622	header->kind.real.next = freeElem->freeList; // push on stack
623	freeElem->freeList = (HeapManager.Storage *)header;
624	unlock( freeElem->lock ); // release spin lock
625	#else
626	freeElem->freeList.push( (HeapManager.Storage )header );
627	#endif // SPINLOCK
628	} // if
629
630	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
631	__atomic_add_fetch( &allocFree, -size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
632	if ( traceHeap() ) {
633	enum { BufferSize = 64 };
634	char helpText[BufferSize];
635	int len = snprintf( helpText, sizeof(helpText), "Free( %p ) size:%zu\n", addr, size );
636	__cfaabi_bits_write( STDERR_FILENO, helpText, len ); // print debug/nodebug
637	} // if
638	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
639	} // doFree
640
641
642	size_t prtFree( HeapManager & manager ) with ( manager ) {
643	size_t total = 0;
644	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
645	__cfaabi_bits_acquire();
646	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\nBin lists (bin size : free blocks on list)\n" );
647	#endif // __STATISTICS__
648	for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < maxBucketsUsed; i += 1 ) {
649	size_t size = freeLists[i].blockSize;
650	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
651	unsigned int N = 0;
652	#endif // __STATISTICS__
653
654	#if defined( SPINLOCK )
655	for ( HeapManager.Storage * p = freeLists[i].freeList; p != 0p; p = p->header.kind.real.next ) {
656	#else
657	for ( HeapManager.Storage * p = freeLists[i].freeList.top(); p != 0p; p = p->header.kind.real.next.top ) {
658	#endif // SPINLOCK
659	total += size;
660	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
661	N += 1;
662	#endif // __STATISTICS__
663	} // for
664
665	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
666	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "%7zu, %-7u ", size, N );
667	if ( (i + 1) % 8 == 0 ) __cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\n" );
668	#endif // __STATISTICS__
669	} // for
670	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
671	__cfaabi_bits_print_nolock( STDERR_FILENO, "\ntotal free blocks:%zu\n", total );
672	__cfaabi_bits_release();
673	#endif // __STATISTICS__
674	return (char )heapEnd - (char )heapBegin - total;
675	} // prtFree
676
677
678	static void ?{}( HeapManager & manager ) with ( manager ) {
679	pageSize = sysconf( _SC_PAGESIZE );
680
681	for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < NoBucketSizes; i += 1 ) { // initialize the free lists
682	freeLists[i].blockSize = bucketSizes[i];
683	} // for
684
685	#ifdef FASTLOOKUP
686	unsigned int idx = 0;
687	for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < LookupSizes; i += 1 ) {
688	if ( i > bucketSizes[idx] ) idx += 1;
689	lookup[i] = idx;
690	} // for
691	#endif // FASTLOOKUP
692
693	if ( setMmapStart( default_mmap_start() ) ) {
694	abort( "HeapManager : internal error, mmap start initialization failure." );
695	} // if
696	heapExpand = default_heap_expansion();
697
698	char * End = (char *)sbrk( 0 );
699	sbrk( (char *)libCeiling( (long unsigned int)End, libAlign() ) - End ); // move start of heap to multiple of alignment
700	heapBegin = heapEnd = sbrk( 0 ); // get new start point
701	} // HeapManager
702
703
704	static void ^?{}( HeapManager & ) {
705	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
706	// if ( traceHeapTerm() ) {
707	// printStats();
708	// if ( prtfree() ) prtFree( heapManager, true );
709	// } // if
710	#endif // __STATISTICS__
711	} // ~HeapManager
712
713
714	static void memory_startup( void ) __attribute__(( constructor( STARTUP_PRIORITY_MEMORY ) ));
715	void memory_startup( void ) {
716	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
717	if ( unlikely( heapBoot ) ) { // check for recursion during system boot
718	// DO NOT USE STREAMS AS THEY MAY BE UNAVAILABLE AT THIS POINT.
719	abort( "boot() : internal error, recursively invoked during system boot." );
720	} // if
721	heapBoot = true;
722	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
723
724	//assert( heapManager.heapBegin != 0 );
725	//heapManager{};
726	if ( heapManager.heapBegin == 0p ) heapManager{};
727	} // memory_startup
728
729	static void memory_shutdown( void ) __attribute__(( destructor( STARTUP_PRIORITY_MEMORY ) ));
730	void memory_shutdown( void ) {
731	^heapManager{};
732	} // memory_shutdown
733
734
735	static inline void * mallocNoStats( size_t size ) { // necessary for malloc statistics
736	//assert( heapManager.heapBegin != 0 );
737	if ( unlikely( heapManager.heapBegin == 0p ) ) heapManager{}; // called before memory_startup ?
738	void * addr = doMalloc( size );
739	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) errno = ENOMEM; // POSIX
740	return addr;
741	} // mallocNoStats
742
743
744	static inline void * callocNoStats( size_t noOfElems, size_t elemSize ) {
745	size_t size = noOfElems * elemSize;
746	char * addr = (char *)mallocNoStats( size );
747	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return 0p;
748
749	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
750	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
751	size_t bsize, alignment;
752	bool mapped __attribute__(( unused )) = headers( "calloc", addr, header, freeElem, bsize, alignment );
753	#ifndef __CFA_DEBUG__
754	// Mapped storage is zero filled, but in debug mode mapped memory is scrubbed in doMalloc, so it has to be reset to zero.
755	if ( ! mapped )
756	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
757	// Zero entire data space even when > than size => realloc without a new allocation and zero fill works.
758	// <-------00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000> bsize (bucket size)
759	// `-header`-addr `-size
760	memset( addr, '\0', bsize - sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) ); // set to zeros
761
762	header->kind.real.blockSize \|= 2; // mark as zero filled
763	return addr;
764	} // callocNoStats
765
766
767	static inline void * memalignNoStats( size_t alignment, size_t size ) { // necessary for malloc statistics
768	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
769	checkAlign( alignment ); // check alignment
770	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
771
772	// if alignment <= default alignment, do normal malloc as two headers are unnecessary
773	if ( unlikely( alignment <= libAlign() ) ) return mallocNoStats( size );
774
775	// Allocate enough storage to guarantee an address on the alignment boundary, and sufficient space before it for
776	// administrative storage. NOTE, WHILE THERE ARE 2 HEADERS, THE FIRST ONE IS IMPLICITLY CREATED BY DOMALLOC.
777	// .-------------v-----------------v----------------v----------,
778	// \| Real Header \| ... padding ... \| Fake Header \| data ... \|
779	// `-------------^-----------------^-+--------------^----------'
780	// \|<--------------------------------' offset/align \|<-- alignment boundary
781
782	// subtract libAlign() because it is already the minimum alignment
783	// add sizeof(Storage) for fake header
784	char * addr = (char *)mallocNoStats( size + alignment - libAlign() + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage) );
785	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return addr;
786
787	// address in the block of the "next" alignment address
788	char * user = (char *)libCeiling( (uintptr_t)(addr + sizeof(HeapManager.Storage)), alignment );
789
790	// address of header from malloc
791	HeapManager.Storage.Header * realHeader = headerAddr( addr );
792	// address of fake header * before* the alignment location
793	HeapManager.Storage.Header * fakeHeader = headerAddr( user );
794	// SKULLDUGGERY: insert the offset to the start of the actual storage block and remember alignment
795	fakeHeader->kind.fake.offset = (char )fakeHeader - (char )realHeader;
796	// SKULLDUGGERY: odd alignment imples fake header
797	fakeHeader->kind.fake.alignment = alignment \| 1;
798
799	return user;
800	} // memalignNoStats
801
802
803	static inline void * cmemalignNoStats( size_t alignment, size_t noOfElems, size_t elemSize ) {
804	size_t size = noOfElems * elemSize;
805	char * addr = (char *)memalignNoStats( alignment, size );
806	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return 0p;
807	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
808	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
809	size_t bsize;
810	bool mapped __attribute__(( unused )) = headers( "cmemalign", addr, header, freeElem, bsize, alignment );
811	#ifndef __CFA_DEBUG__
812	// Mapped storage is zero filled, but in debug mode mapped memory is scrubbed in doMalloc, so it has to be reset to zero.
813	if ( ! mapped )
814	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
815	memset( addr, '\0', dataStorage( bsize, addr, header ) ); // set to zeros
816	header->kind.real.blockSize \|= 2; // mark as zero filled
817
818	return addr;
819	} // cmemalignNoStats
820
821
822	// supported mallopt options
823	#ifndef M_MMAP_THRESHOLD
824	#define M_MMAP_THRESHOLD (-1)
825	#endif // M_TOP_PAD
826	#ifndef M_TOP_PAD
827	#define M_TOP_PAD (-2)
828	#endif // M_TOP_PAD
829
830
831	extern "C" {
832	// The malloc() function allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory is not
833	// initialized. If size is 0, then malloc() returns either 0p, or a unique pointer value that can later be
834	// successfully passed to free().
835	void * malloc( size_t size ) {
836	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
837	__atomic_add_fetch( &malloc_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
838	__atomic_add_fetch( &malloc_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
839	#endif // __STATISTICS__
840
841	return mallocNoStats( size );
842	} // malloc
843
844	// The calloc() function allocates memory for an array of nmemb elements of size bytes each and returns a pointer to
845	// the allocated memory. The memory is set to zero. If nmemb or size is 0, then calloc() returns either 0p, or a
846	// unique pointer value that can later be successfully passed to free().
847	void * calloc( size_t noOfElems, size_t elemSize ) {
848	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
849	__atomic_add_fetch( &calloc_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
850	__atomic_add_fetch( &calloc_storage, noOfElems * elemSize, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
851	#endif // __STATISTICS__
852
853	return callocNoStats( noOfElems, elemSize );
854	} // calloc
855
856	// The realloc() function changes the size of the memory block pointed to by ptr to size bytes. The contents will be
857	// unchanged in the range from the start of the region up to the minimum of the old and new sizes. If the new size
858	// is larger than the old size, the added memory will not be initialized. If ptr is 0p, then the call is
859	// equivalent to malloc(size), for all values of size; if size is equal to zero, and ptr is not 0p, then the call
860	// is equivalent to free(ptr). Unless ptr is 0p, it must have been returned by an earlier call to malloc(),
861	// calloc() or realloc(). If the area pointed to was moved, a free(ptr) is done.
862	void * realloc( void * oaddr, size_t size ) {
863	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
864	__atomic_add_fetch( &realloc_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
865	#endif // __STATISTICS__
866
867	if ( unlikely( size == 0 ) ) { free( oaddr ); return 0p; } // special cases
868	if ( unlikely( oaddr == 0p ) ) return mallocNoStats( size );
869
870	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
871	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
872	size_t bsize, oalign = 0;
873	headers( "realloc", oaddr, header, freeElem, bsize, oalign );
874
875	size_t odsize = dataStorage( bsize, oaddr, header ); // data storage available in bucket
876	if ( size <= odsize && odsize <= size * 2 ) { // allow up to 50% wasted storage in smaller size
877	// Do not know size of original allocation => cannot do 0 fill for any additional space because do not know
878	// where to start filling, i.e., do not overwrite existing values in space.
879	//
880	// This case does not result in a new profiler entry because the previous one still exists and it must match with
881	// the free for this memory. Hence, this realloc does not appear in the profiler output.
882	return oaddr;
883	} // if
884
885	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
886	__atomic_add_fetch( &realloc_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
887	#endif // __STATISTICS__
888
889	// change size and copy old content to new storage
890
891	void * naddr;
892	if ( unlikely( oalign != 0 ) ) { // previous request memalign?
893	if ( unlikely( header->kind.real.blockSize & 2 ) ) { // previous request zero fill
894	naddr = cmemalignNoStats( oalign, 1, size ); // create new aligned area
895	} else {
896	naddr = memalignNoStats( oalign, size ); // create new aligned area
897	} // if
898	} else {
899	if ( unlikely( header->kind.real.blockSize & 2 ) ) { // previous request zero fill
900	naddr = callocNoStats( 1, size ); // create new area
901	} else {
902	naddr = mallocNoStats( size ); // create new area
903	} // if
904	} // if
905	if ( unlikely( naddr == 0p ) ) return 0p;
906	headers( "realloc", naddr, header, freeElem, bsize, oalign );
907	size_t ndsize = dataStorage( bsize, naddr, header ); // data storage avilable in bucket
908	// To preserve prior fill, the entire bucket must be copied versus the size.
909	memcpy( naddr, oaddr, MIN( odsize, ndsize ) ); // copy bytes
910	free( oaddr );
911	return naddr;
912	} // realloc
913
914	// The obsolete function memalign() allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory
915	// address will be a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two.
916	void * memalign( size_t alignment, size_t size ) {
917	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
918	__atomic_add_fetch( &memalign_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
919	__atomic_add_fetch( &memalign_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
920	#endif // __STATISTICS__
921
922	return memalignNoStats( alignment, size );
923	} // memalign
924
925
926	// The cmemalign() function is the same as calloc() with memory alignment.
927	void * cmemalign( size_t alignment, size_t noOfElems, size_t elemSize ) {
928	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
929	__atomic_add_fetch( &cmemalign_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
930	__atomic_add_fetch( &cmemalign_storage, noOfElems * elemSize, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
931	#endif // __STATISTICS__
932
933	return cmemalignNoStats( alignment, noOfElems, elemSize );
934	} // cmemalign
935
936	// The function aligned_alloc() is the same as memalign(), except for the added restriction that size should be a
937	// multiple of alignment.
938	void * aligned_alloc( size_t alignment, size_t size ) {
939	return memalign( alignment, size );
940	} // aligned_alloc
941
942
943	// The function posix_memalign() allocates size bytes and places the address of the allocated memory in *memptr. The
944	// address of the allocated memory will be a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two and a multiple of
945	// sizeof(void *). If size is 0, then posix_memalign() returns either 0p, or a unique pointer value that can later
946	// be successfully passed to free(3).
947	int posix_memalign( void ** memptr, size_t alignment, size_t size ) {
948	if ( alignment < sizeof(void *) \|\| ! libPow2( alignment ) ) return EINVAL; // check alignment
949	* memptr = memalign( alignment, size );
950	if ( unlikely( * memptr == 0p ) ) return ENOMEM;
951	return 0;
952	} // posix_memalign
953
954	// The obsolete function valloc() allocates size bytes and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. The memory
955	// address will be a multiple of the page size. It is equivalent to memalign(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE),size).
956	void * valloc( size_t size ) {
957	return memalign( pageSize, size );
958	} // valloc
959
960
961	// The free() function frees the memory space pointed to by ptr, which must have been returned by a previous call to
962	// malloc(), calloc() or realloc(). Otherwise, or if free(ptr) has already been called before, undefined behavior
963	// occurs. If ptr is 0p, no operation is performed.
964	void free( void * addr ) {
965	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
966	__atomic_add_fetch( &free_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
967	#endif // __STATISTICS__
968
969	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) { // special case
970	// #ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
971	// if ( traceHeap() ) {
972	// #define nullmsg "Free( 0x0 ) size:0\n"
973	// // Do not debug print free( 0 ), as it can cause recursive entry from sprintf.
974	// __cfaabi_dbg_write( nullmsg, sizeof(nullmsg) - 1 );
975	// } // if
976	// #endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
977	return;
978	} // exit
979
980	doFree( addr );
981	} // free
982
983
984	// The malloc_alignment() function returns the alignment of the allocation.
985	size_t malloc_alignment( void * addr ) {
986	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return libAlign(); // minimum alignment
987	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header = headerAddr( addr );
988	if ( (header->kind.fake.alignment & 1) == 1 ) { // fake header ?
989	return header->kind.fake.alignment & -2; // remove flag from value
990	} else {
991	return libAlign (); // minimum alignment
992	} // if
993	} // malloc_alignment
994
995
996	// The malloc_zero_fill() function returns true if the allocation is zero filled, i.e., initially allocated by calloc().
997	bool malloc_zero_fill( void * addr ) {
998	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return false; // null allocation is not zero fill
999	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header = headerAddr( addr );
1000	if ( (header->kind.fake.alignment & 1) == 1 ) { // fake header ?
1001	header = (HeapManager.Storage.Header )((char )header - header->kind.fake.offset);
1002	} // if
1003	return (header->kind.real.blockSize & 2) != 0; // zero filled (calloc/cmemalign) ?
1004	} // malloc_zero_fill
1005
1006
1007	// The malloc_usable_size() function returns the number of usable bytes in the block pointed to by ptr, a pointer to
1008	// a block of memory allocated by malloc(3) or a related function.
1009	size_t malloc_usable_size( void * addr ) {
1010	if ( unlikely( addr == 0p ) ) return 0; // null allocation has 0 size
1011	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
1012	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
1013	size_t bsize, alignment;
1014
1015	headers( "malloc_usable_size", addr, header, freeElem, bsize, alignment );
1016	return dataStorage( bsize, addr, header ); // data storage in bucket
1017	} // malloc_usable_size
1018
1019
1020	// The malloc_stats() function prints (on default standard error) statistics about memory allocated by malloc(3) and
1021	// related functions.
1022	void malloc_stats( void ) {
1023	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
1024	printStats();
1025	if ( prtFree() ) prtFree( heapManager );
1026	#endif // __STATISTICS__
1027	} // malloc_stats
1028
1029	// The malloc_stats_fd() function changes the file descripter where malloc_stats() writes the statistics.
1030	int malloc_stats_fd( int fd __attribute__(( unused )) ) {
1031	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
1032	int temp = statfd;
1033	statfd = fd;
1034	return temp;
1035	#else
1036	return -1;
1037	#endif // __STATISTICS__
1038	} // malloc_stats_fd
1039
1040
1041	// The mallopt() function adjusts parameters that control the behavior of the memory-allocation functions (see
1042	// malloc(3)). The param argument specifies the parameter to be modified, and value specifies the new value for that
1043	// parameter.
1044	int mallopt( int option, int value ) {
1045	choose( option ) {
1046	case M_TOP_PAD:
1047	if ( setHeapExpand( value ) ) return 1;
1048	case M_MMAP_THRESHOLD:
1049	if ( setMmapStart( value ) ) return 1;
1050	} // switch
1051	return 0; // error, unsupported
1052	} // mallopt
1053
1054	// The malloc_trim() function attempts to release free memory at the top of the heap (by calling sbrk(2) with a
1055	// suitable argument).
1056	int malloc_trim( size_t ) {
1057	return 0; // => impossible to release memory
1058	} // malloc_trim
1059
1060
1061	// The malloc_info() function exports an XML string that describes the current state of the memory-allocation
1062	// implementation in the caller. The string is printed on the file stream stream. The exported string includes
1063	// information about all arenas (see malloc(3)).
1064	int malloc_info( int options, FILE * stream ) {
1065	if ( options != 0 ) { errno = EINVAL; return -1; }
1066	return printStatsXML( stream );
1067	} // malloc_info
1068
1069
1070	// The malloc_get_state() function records the current state of all malloc(3) internal bookkeeping variables (but
1071	// not the actual contents of the heap or the state of malloc_hook(3) functions pointers). The state is recorded in
1072	// a system-dependent opaque data structure dynamically allocated via malloc(3), and a pointer to that data
1073	// structure is returned as the function result. (It is the caller's responsibility to free(3) this memory.)
1074	void * malloc_get_state( void ) {
1075	return 0p; // unsupported
1076	} // malloc_get_state
1077
1078
1079	// The malloc_set_state() function restores the state of all malloc(3) internal bookkeeping variables to the values
1080	// recorded in the opaque data structure pointed to by state.
1081	int malloc_set_state( void * ptr ) {
1082	return 0; // unsupported
1083	} // malloc_set_state
1084	} // extern "C"
1085
1086
1087	// Must have CFA linkage to overload with C linkage realloc.
1088	void * realloc( void * oaddr, size_t nalign, size_t size ) {
1089	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
1090	__atomic_add_fetch( &realloc_calls, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
1091	#endif // __STATISTICS__
1092
1093	if ( unlikely( size == 0 ) ) { free( oaddr ); return 0p; } // special cases
1094	if ( unlikely( oaddr == 0p ) ) return mallocNoStats( size );
1095
1096	if ( unlikely( nalign == 0 ) ) nalign = libAlign(); // reset alignment to minimum
1097	#ifdef __CFA_DEBUG__
1098	else
1099	checkAlign( nalign ); // check alignment
1100	#endif // __CFA_DEBUG__
1101
1102	HeapManager.Storage.Header * header;
1103	HeapManager.FreeHeader * freeElem;
1104	size_t bsize, oalign = 0;
1105	headers( "realloc", oaddr, header, freeElem, bsize, oalign );
1106
1107	size_t odsize = dataStorage( bsize, oaddr, header ); // data storage available in bucket
1108
1109	if ( oalign != 0 && (uintptr_t)oaddr % nalign == 0 ) { // has alignment and just happens to work out
1110	headerAddr( oaddr )->kind.fake.alignment = nalign \| 1; // update alignment (could be the same)
1111	return realloc( oaddr, size );
1112	} // if
1113
1114	#ifdef __STATISTICS__
1115	__atomic_add_fetch( &realloc_storage, size, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST );
1116	#endif // __STATISTICS__
1117
1118	// change size and copy old content to new storage
1119
1120	void * naddr;
1121	if ( unlikely( header->kind.real.blockSize & 2 ) ) { // previous request zero fill
1122	naddr = cmemalignNoStats( nalign, 1, size ); // create new aligned area
1123	} else {
1124	naddr = memalignNoStats( nalign, size ); // create new aligned area
1125	} // if
1126	size_t ndsize = dataStorage( bsize, naddr, header ); // data storage avilable in bucket
1127	// To preserve prior fill, the entire bucket must be copied versus the size.
1128	memcpy( naddr, oaddr, MIN( odsize, ndsize ) ); // copy bytes
1129	free( oaddr );
1130	return naddr;
1131	} // realloc
1132
1133
1134	// Local Variables: //
1135	// tab-width: 4 //
1136	// compile-command: "cfa -nodebug -O2 heap.cfa" //
1137	// End: //

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