1 | """ |
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2 | To run this extension, the python name has to be as same as one of the loaded library |
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3 | Additionally, the file must exist in a folder which is in gdb's safe path |
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4 | """ |
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5 | import collections |
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6 | import gdb |
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7 | |
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8 | # set these signal handlers with some settings (nostop, noprint, pass) |
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9 | gdb.execute('handle SIGALRM nostop noprint pass') |
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10 | gdb.execute('handle SIGUSR1 nostop noprint pass') |
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11 | |
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12 | # GDB types for various structures/types in uC++ |
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13 | uCluster_ptr_type = gdb.lookup_type('uCluster').pointer() |
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14 | uClusterDL_ptr_type = gdb.lookup_type('uClusterDL').pointer() |
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15 | uBaseTask_ptr_type = gdb.lookup_type('uBaseTask').pointer() |
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16 | uBaseTaskDL_ptr_type = gdb.lookup_type('uBaseTaskDL').pointer() |
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17 | int_ptr_type = gdb.lookup_type('int').pointer() |
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18 | |
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19 | # A named tuple representing information about a stack |
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20 | StackInfo = collections.namedtuple('StackInfo', 'sp fp pc') |
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21 | |
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22 | # A global variable to keep track of stack information as one context switches |
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23 | # from one task to another task |
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24 | STACK = [] |
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25 | |
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26 | # A global variable to keep all system task name |
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27 | SysTask_Name = ["uLocalDebuggerReader", "uLocalDebugger", "uProcessorTask", "uBootTask", "uSystemTask", |
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28 | "uProcessorTask", "uPthread", "uProfiler"] |
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29 | |
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30 | def get_addr(addr): |
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31 | """ |
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32 | NOTE: sketchy solution to retrieve address. There is a better solution... |
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33 | @addr: str of an address that can be in a format 0xfffff <type of the object |
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34 | at this address> |
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35 | Return: str of just the address |
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36 | """ |
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37 | str_addr = str(addr) |
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38 | ending_addr_index = str_addr.find('<') |
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39 | if ending_addr_index == -1: |
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40 | return str(addr) |
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41 | return str_addr[:ending_addr_index].strip() |
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42 | |
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43 | def print_usage(msg): |
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44 | """ |
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45 | Print out usage message |
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46 | @msg: str |
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47 | """ |
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48 | print('Usage: ' + msg) |
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49 | |
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50 | def get_argv_list(args): |
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51 | """ |
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52 | Split the argument list in string format, where each argument is separated |
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53 | by whitespace delimiter, to a list of arguments like argv |
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54 | @args: str of arguments |
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55 | Return: |
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56 | [] if args is an empty string |
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57 | list if args is not empty |
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58 | """ |
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59 | # parse the string format of arguments and return a list of arguments |
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60 | argv = args.split(' ') |
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61 | if len(argv) == 1 and argv[0] == '': |
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62 | return [] |
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63 | return argv |
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64 | |
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65 | def get_cluster_root(): |
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66 | """ |
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67 | Return: gdb.Value of globalClusters.root (is an address) |
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68 | """ |
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69 | cluster_root = gdb.parse_and_eval('uKernelModule::globalClusters.root') |
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70 | if cluster_root.address == 0x0: |
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71 | print('No clusters, program terminated') |
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72 | return cluster_root |
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73 | |
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74 | def lookup_cluster_by_name(cluster_name): |
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75 | """ |
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76 | Look up a cluster given its ID |
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77 | @cluster_name: str |
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78 | Return: gdb.Value |
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79 | """ |
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80 | cluster_root = get_cluster_root() |
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81 | if cluster_root.address == 0x0: |
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82 | return cluster_root.address |
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83 | |
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84 | # lookup for the task associated with the id |
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85 | cluster = 0x0 |
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86 | curr = cluster_root |
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87 | while True: |
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88 | if curr['cluster_']['name'].string() == cluster_name: |
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89 | cluster = curr['cluster_'].address |
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90 | break |
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91 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uClusterDL_ptr_type) |
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92 | if curr == cluster_root: |
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93 | break |
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94 | |
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95 | if cluster == 0x0: |
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96 | print("Cannot find a cluster with the name: {}.".format(cluster_name)) |
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97 | return cluster |
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98 | |
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99 | ############################ COMMAND IMPLEMENTATION ######################### |
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100 | |
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101 | class Clusters(gdb.Command): |
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102 | """Print out the list of available clusters""" |
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103 | usage_msg = 'cluster' |
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104 | def __init__(self): |
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105 | super(Clusters, self).__init__('clusters', gdb.COMMAND_USER) |
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106 | |
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107 | def invoke(self, arg, from_tty): |
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108 | """ |
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109 | Iterate through a circular linked list of clusters and print out its |
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110 | name along with address associated to each cluster |
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111 | @arg: str |
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112 | @from_tty: bool |
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113 | """ |
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114 | argv = get_argv_list(arg) |
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115 | if len(argv) != 0: |
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116 | print_usage(self.usage_msg) |
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117 | return |
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118 | |
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119 | cluster_root = get_cluster_root() |
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120 | if cluster_root.address == 0x0: |
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121 | return |
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122 | curr = cluster_root |
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123 | print('{:>20}{:>18}'.format('Name', 'Address')) |
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124 | |
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125 | while True: |
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126 | print('{:>20}{:>18}'.format(curr['cluster_']['name'].string(), |
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127 | str(curr['cluster_'].reference_value())[1:])) |
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128 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uClusterDL_ptr_type) |
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129 | if curr == cluster_root: |
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130 | break |
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131 | |
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132 | class ClusterProcessors(gdb.Command): |
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133 | """Display a list of all info about all available processors on a particular cluster""" |
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134 | usage_msg = 'processors <cluster_name>' |
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135 | def __init__(self): |
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136 | super(ClusterProcessors, self).__init__('processors', gdb.COMMAND_USER) |
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137 | |
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138 | def invoke(self, arg, from_tty): |
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139 | """ |
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140 | Iterate through a circular linked list of tasks and print out all |
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141 | info about each processor in that cluster |
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142 | @arg: str |
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143 | @from_tty: bool |
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144 | """ |
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145 | argv = get_argv_list(arg) |
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146 | if len(argv) > 1: |
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147 | print_usage(self.usage_msg) |
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148 | return |
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149 | |
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150 | if len(argv) == 0: |
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151 | cluster_address = lookup_cluster_by_name("userCluster") |
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152 | else: |
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153 | cluster_address = lookup_cluster_by_name(argv[0]) |
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154 | |
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155 | if cluster_address == 0x0: |
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156 | return |
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157 | |
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158 | processor_root = cluster_address.cast(uCluster_ptr_type)['processorsOnCluster']['root'] |
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159 | if processor_root.address == 0x0: |
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160 | print('There are no processors for cluster at address: {}'.format(cluster_address)) |
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161 | return |
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162 | |
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163 | uProcessorDL_ptr_type = gdb.lookup_type('uProcessorDL').pointer() |
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164 | print('{:>18}{:>20}{:>20}{:>20}'.format('Address', 'PID', 'Preemption', 'Spin')) |
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165 | curr = processor_root |
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166 | |
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167 | while True: |
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168 | processor = curr['processor_'] |
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169 | print('{:>18}{:>20}{:>20}{:>20}'.format(get_addr(processor.address), |
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170 | str(processor['pid']), str(processor['preemption']), |
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171 | str(processor['spin']))) |
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172 | |
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173 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uProcessorDL_ptr_type) |
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174 | if curr == processor_root: |
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175 | break |
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176 | |
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177 | class Task(gdb.Command): |
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178 | usage_msg = """ |
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179 | task : print userCluster tasks, application tasks only |
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180 | task <clusterName> : print cluster tasks, application tasks only |
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181 | task all : print all clusters, all tasks |
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182 | task <id> : context switch to task id on userCluster |
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183 | task 0x<address> : context switch to task on any cluster |
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184 | task <id> <clusterName> : context switch to task on specified cluster |
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185 | """ |
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186 | def __init__(self): |
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187 | # The first parameter of the line below is the name of the command. You |
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188 | # can call it 'uc++ task' |
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189 | super(Task, self).__init__('task', gdb.COMMAND_USER) |
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190 | |
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191 | ############################ AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS ######################### |
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192 | |
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193 | def print_tasks_by_cluster_all(self, cluster_address): |
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194 | """ |
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195 | Display a list of all info about all available tasks on a particular cluster |
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196 | @cluster_address: gdb.Value |
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197 | """ |
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198 | cluster_address = cluster_address.cast(uCluster_ptr_type) |
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199 | task_root = cluster_address['tasksOnCluster']['root'] |
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200 | |
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201 | if task_root.address == 0x0: |
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202 | print('There are no tasks for cluster at address: {}'.format(cluster_address)) |
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203 | return |
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204 | |
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205 | print('{:>4}{:>20}{:>18}{:>25}'.format('ID', 'Task Name', 'Address', 'State')) |
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206 | curr = task_root |
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207 | task_id = 0 |
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208 | systask_id = -1 |
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209 | |
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210 | btstr = gdb.execute('bt', to_string = True) |
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211 | break_addr = btstr.splitlines()[0].split('this=',1)[1].split(',')[0].split(')')[0] |
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212 | |
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213 | while True: |
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214 | global SysTask_Name |
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215 | if (curr['task_']['name'].string() in SysTask_Name): |
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216 | if str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:] == break_addr: |
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217 | print( |
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218 | ('{:>4}{:>20}{:>18}{:>25}'.format('* '+str(systask_id), curr['task_']['name'].string(), |
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219 | str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:], |
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220 | str(curr['task_']['state'])) |
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221 | ) |
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222 | ) |
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223 | else: |
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224 | print( |
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225 | ('{:>4}{:>20}{:>18}{:>25}'.format(systask_id, curr['task_']['name'].string(), |
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226 | str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:], |
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227 | str(curr['task_']['state'])) |
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228 | ) |
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229 | ) |
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230 | systask_id -= 1 |
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231 | else: |
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232 | if str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:] == break_addr: |
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233 | print('{:>4}{:>20}{:>18}{:>25}'.format('* '+str(task_id), curr['task_']['name'].string(), |
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234 | str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:], |
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235 | str(curr['task_']['state'])) |
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236 | ) |
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237 | else: |
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238 | print('{:>4}{:>20}{:>18}{:>25}'.format(task_id, curr['task_']['name'].string(), |
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239 | str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:], |
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240 | str(curr['task_']['state'])) |
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241 | ) |
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242 | task_id += 1 |
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243 | |
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244 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uBaseTaskDL_ptr_type) |
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245 | if curr == task_root: |
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246 | break |
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247 | |
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248 | def print_tasks_by_cluster_address_all(self, cluster_address): |
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249 | """ |
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250 | Display a list of all info about all available tasks on a particular cluster |
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251 | @cluster_address: str |
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252 | """ |
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253 | # Iterate through a circular linked list of tasks and print out its |
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254 | # name along with address associated to each cluster |
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255 | |
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256 | # convert hex string to hex number |
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257 | try: |
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258 | hex_addr = int(cluster_address, 16) |
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259 | except: |
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260 | print_usage(self.usage_msg) |
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261 | return |
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262 | |
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263 | cluster_address = gdb.Value(hex_addr) |
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264 | self.print_tasks_by_cluster_all(cluster_address) |
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265 | |
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266 | def print_tasks_by_cluster_address(self, cluster_address): |
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267 | """ |
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268 | Display a list of limited info about all available tasks on a particular cluster |
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269 | @cluster_address: str |
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270 | """ |
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271 | # Iterate through a circular linked list of tasks and print out its |
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272 | # name along with address associated to each cluster |
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273 | |
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274 | # convert hex string to hex number |
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275 | try: |
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276 | hex_addr = int(cluster_address, 16) |
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277 | except: |
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278 | print_usage(self.usage_msg) |
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279 | return |
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280 | |
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281 | cluster_address = gdb.Value(hex_addr).cast(uCluster_ptr_type) |
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282 | task_root = cluster_address['tasksOnCluster']['root'] |
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283 | |
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284 | if task_root.address == 0x0: |
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285 | print('There are no tasks for cluster at address: {}'.format(cluster_address)) |
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286 | return |
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287 | |
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288 | print('{:>4}{:>20}{:>18}{:>25}'.format('ID', 'Task Name', 'Address', 'State')) |
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289 | curr = task_root |
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290 | task_id = 0 |
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291 | btstr = gdb.execute('bt', to_string = True) |
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292 | break_addr = btstr.splitlines()[0].split('this=',1)[1].split(',')[0].split(')')[0] |
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293 | |
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294 | while True: |
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295 | global SysTask_Name |
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296 | if (curr['task_']['name'].string() not in SysTask_Name): |
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297 | if str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:] == break_addr: |
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298 | print( |
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299 | ('{:>4}{:>20}{:>18}{:>25}'.format('* '+str(task_id), curr['task_']['name'].string(), |
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300 | str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:], |
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301 | str(curr['task_']['state'])) |
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302 | ) |
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303 | ) |
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304 | else: |
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305 | print('{:>4}{:>20}{:>18}{:>25}'.format(task_id, curr['task_']['name'].string(), |
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306 | str(curr['task_'].reference_value())[1:], |
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307 | str(curr['task_']['state'])) |
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308 | ) |
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309 | |
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310 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uBaseTaskDL_ptr_type) |
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311 | task_id += 1 |
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312 | if curr == task_root: |
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313 | break |
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314 | else: |
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315 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uBaseTaskDL_ptr_type) |
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316 | if curr == task_root: |
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317 | break |
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318 | |
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319 | ############################ COMMAND FUNCTIONS ######################### |
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320 | |
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321 | def print_user_tasks(self): |
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322 | """Iterate only userCluster, print only tasks and main""" |
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323 | |
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324 | cluster_address = lookup_cluster_by_name("userCluster") |
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325 | if cluster_address == 0x0: |
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326 | return |
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327 | |
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328 | self.print_tasks_by_cluster_address(str(cluster_address)) |
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329 | |
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330 | |
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331 | def print_all_tasks(self): |
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332 | """Iterate through each cluster, iterate through all tasks and print out info about all the tasks |
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333 | in those clusters""" |
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334 | cluster_root = get_cluster_root() |
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335 | if cluster_root.address == 0x0: |
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336 | return |
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337 | |
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338 | curr = cluster_root |
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339 | print('{:>20}{:>18}'.format('Cluster Name', 'Address')) |
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340 | |
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341 | while True: |
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342 | addr = str(curr['cluster_'].reference_value())[1:] |
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343 | print('{:>20}{:>18}'.format(curr['cluster_']['name'].string(), addr)) |
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344 | |
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345 | self.print_tasks_by_cluster_address_all(addr) |
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346 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uClusterDL_ptr_type) |
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347 | if curr == cluster_root: |
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348 | break |
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349 | |
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350 | def pushtask_by_address(self, task_address): |
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351 | """Change to a new task by switching to a different stack and manually |
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352 | adjusting sp, fp and pc |
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353 | @task_address: str |
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354 | 2 supported format: |
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355 | in hex format |
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356 | <hex_address>: literal hexadecimal address |
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357 | Ex: 0xffffff |
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358 | in name of the pointer to the task |
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359 | "task_name": pointer of the variable name of the cluster |
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360 | Ex: T* s -> task_name = s |
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361 | Return: gdb.value of the cluster's address |
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362 | """ |
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363 | # Task address has a format "task_address", which implies that it is the |
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364 | # name of the variable, and it needs to be evaluated |
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365 | if task_address.startswith('"') and task_address.endswith('"'): |
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366 | task = gdb.parse_and_eval(task_address.replace('"', '')) |
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367 | else: |
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368 | # Task address format does not include the quotation marks, which implies |
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369 | # that it is a hex address |
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370 | # convert hex string to hex number |
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371 | try: |
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372 | hex_addr = int(task_address, 16) |
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373 | except: |
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374 | print_usage(self.usage_msg) |
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375 | return |
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376 | task_address = gdb.Value(hex_addr) |
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377 | task = task_address.cast(uBaseTask_ptr_type) |
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378 | |
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379 | uContext_t_ptr_type = gdb.lookup_type('UPP::uMachContext::uContext_t').pointer() |
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380 | |
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381 | task_state = task['state'] |
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382 | if task_state == gdb.parse_and_eval('uBaseTask::Terminate'): |
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383 | print('Cannot switch to a terminated thread') |
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384 | return |
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385 | task_context = task['context'].cast(uContext_t_ptr_type) |
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386 | |
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387 | # lookup for sp,fp and uSwitch |
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388 | xsp = task_context['SP'] + 48 |
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389 | xfp = task_context['FP'] |
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390 | if not gdb.lookup_symbol('uSwitch'): |
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391 | print('uSwitch symbol is unavailable') |
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392 | return |
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393 | |
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394 | # convert string so we can strip out the address |
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395 | xpc = get_addr(gdb.parse_and_eval('uSwitch').address + 28) |
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396 | # must be at frame 0 to set pc register |
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397 | gdb.execute('select-frame 0') |
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398 | |
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399 | # push sp, fp, pc into a global stack |
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400 | global STACK |
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401 | sp = gdb.parse_and_eval('$sp') |
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402 | fp = gdb.parse_and_eval('$fp') |
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403 | pc = gdb.parse_and_eval('$pc') |
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404 | stack_info = StackInfo(sp = sp, fp = fp, pc = pc) |
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405 | STACK.append(stack_info) |
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406 | |
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407 | # update registers for new task |
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408 | gdb.execute('set $rsp={}'.format(xsp)) |
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409 | gdb.execute('set $rbp={}'.format(xfp)) |
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410 | gdb.execute('set $pc={}'.format(xpc)) |
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411 | |
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412 | def pushtask_by_id(self, task_id, cluster_name): |
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413 | """ |
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414 | @cluster_name: str |
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415 | @task_id: str |
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416 | """ |
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417 | try: |
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418 | task_id = int(task_id) |
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419 | except: |
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420 | print_usage(self.usage_msg) |
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421 | return |
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422 | |
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423 | # retrieve the address associated with the cluster name |
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424 | cluster_address = lookup_cluster_by_name(cluster_name) |
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425 | if cluster_address == 0x0: |
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426 | return |
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427 | |
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428 | task_root = cluster_address.cast(uCluster_ptr_type)['tasksOnCluster']['root'] |
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429 | if task_root.address == 0x0: |
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430 | print('There are no tasks on this cluster') |
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431 | return |
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432 | |
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433 | user_id = 0 |
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434 | task_addr = None |
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435 | systask_id = -1 # system search id starts with negative |
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436 | |
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437 | # lookup for the task associated with the id |
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438 | global SysTask_Name |
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439 | if (task_id >= 0 and cluster_name == "systemCluster"): |
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440 | print('internal error: systemCluster does not have ID >= 0') |
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441 | return |
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442 | #id is a system task |
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443 | elif task_id < 0: |
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444 | curr = task_root |
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445 | rootflag = False |
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446 | while (curr['task_']['name'].string() not in SysTask_Name): |
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447 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uBaseTaskDL_ptr_type) |
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448 | if curr == task_root: |
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449 | rootflag = True |
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450 | break |
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451 | if rootflag == False: |
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452 | if task_id == systask_id: |
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453 | task_addr = str(curr['task_'].address) |
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454 | else: |
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455 | while True: |
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456 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uBaseTaskDL_ptr_type) |
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457 | |
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458 | if (curr['task_']['name'].string() in SysTask_Name): |
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459 | systask_id -= 1 |
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460 | if curr == task_root: |
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461 | break |
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462 | if task_id == systask_id: |
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463 | task_addr = str(curr['task_'].address) |
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464 | break |
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465 | |
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466 | if curr == task_root: |
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467 | break |
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468 | #id is a user task |
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469 | else: |
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470 | curr = task_root |
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471 | rootflag = False |
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472 | while (curr['task_']['name'].string() in SysTask_Name): |
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473 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uBaseTaskDL_ptr_type) |
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474 | if curr == task_root: |
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475 | rootflag = True |
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476 | break |
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477 | if rootflag == False: |
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478 | if task_id == user_id: |
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479 | task_addr = str(curr['task_'].address) |
---|
480 | else: |
---|
481 | while True: |
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482 | curr = curr['next'].cast(uBaseTaskDL_ptr_type) |
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483 | |
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484 | if (curr['task_']['name'].string() not in SysTask_Name): |
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485 | user_id += 1 |
---|
486 | if curr == task_root: |
---|
487 | break |
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488 | if task_id == user_id: |
---|
489 | task_addr = str(curr['task_'].address) |
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490 | break |
---|
491 | |
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492 | if curr == task_root: |
---|
493 | break |
---|
494 | |
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495 | if not task_addr: |
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496 | print("Cannot find task ID: {}. Only have {} tasks".format(task_id,user_id)) |
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497 | else: |
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498 | self.pushtask_by_address(task_addr) |
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499 | |
---|
500 | def print_tasks_by_cluster_name(self, cluster_name): |
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501 | """ |
---|
502 | Print out all the tasks available in the specified cluster |
---|
503 | @cluster_name: str |
---|
504 | """ |
---|
505 | cluster_address = lookup_cluster_by_name(cluster_name) |
---|
506 | if cluster_address == 0x0: |
---|
507 | return |
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508 | |
---|
509 | self.print_tasks_by_cluster_all(cluster_address) |
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510 | |
---|
511 | def invoke(self, arg, from_tty): |
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512 | """ |
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513 | @arg: str |
---|
514 | @from_tty: bool |
---|
515 | """ |
---|
516 | argv = get_argv_list(arg) |
---|
517 | if len(argv) == 0: |
---|
518 | # print tasks |
---|
519 | self.print_user_tasks() # only tasks and main |
---|
520 | elif len(argv) == 1: |
---|
521 | # push task |
---|
522 | if argv[0].isdigit(): |
---|
523 | self.pushtask_by_id(argv[0], "userCluster") # by id, userCluster |
---|
524 | elif argv[0].startswith('0x') or argv[0].startswith('0X'): |
---|
525 | self.pushtask_by_address(argv[0]) # by address, any cluster |
---|
526 | # print tasks |
---|
527 | elif argv[0] == 'all': |
---|
528 | self.print_all_tasks() # all tasks, all clusters |
---|
529 | else: |
---|
530 | self.print_tasks_by_cluster_name(argv[0]) # all tasks, specified cluster |
---|
531 | elif len(argv) == 2: |
---|
532 | # push task |
---|
533 | self.pushtask_by_id(argv[0], argv[1]) # by id, specified cluster |
---|
534 | else: |
---|
535 | print('parse error') |
---|
536 | print_usage(self.usage_msg) |
---|
537 | |
---|
538 | class PrevTask(gdb.Command): |
---|
539 | """Switch back to previous task on the stack""" |
---|
540 | usage_msg = 'prevtask <task_address>' |
---|
541 | |
---|
542 | def __init__(self): |
---|
543 | super(PrevTask, self).__init__('prevtask', gdb.COMMAND_USER) |
---|
544 | |
---|
545 | def invoke(self, arg, from_tty): |
---|
546 | """ |
---|
547 | @arg: str |
---|
548 | @from_tty: bool |
---|
549 | """ |
---|
550 | global STACK |
---|
551 | if len(STACK) != 0: |
---|
552 | # must be at frame 0 to set pc register |
---|
553 | gdb.execute('select-frame 0') |
---|
554 | |
---|
555 | # pop stack |
---|
556 | stack_info = STACK.pop() |
---|
557 | pc = get_addr(stack_info.pc) |
---|
558 | sp = stack_info.sp |
---|
559 | fp = stack_info.fp |
---|
560 | |
---|
561 | # pop sp, fp, pc from global stack |
---|
562 | gdb.execute('set $pc = {}'.format(pc)) |
---|
563 | gdb.execute('set $rbp = {}'.format(fp)) |
---|
564 | gdb.execute('set $sp = {}'.format(sp)) |
---|
565 | |
---|
566 | # must be at C++ frame to access C++ vars |
---|
567 | gdb.execute('frame 1') |
---|
568 | else: |
---|
569 | print('empty stack') |
---|
570 | |
---|
571 | class ResetOriginFrame(gdb.Command): |
---|
572 | """Reset to the origin frame prior to continue execution again""" |
---|
573 | usage_msg = 'resetOriginFrame' |
---|
574 | def __init__(self): |
---|
575 | super(ResetOriginFrame, self).__init__('reset', gdb.COMMAND_USER) |
---|
576 | |
---|
577 | def invoke(self, arg, from_tty): |
---|
578 | """ |
---|
579 | @arg: str |
---|
580 | @from_tty: bool |
---|
581 | """ |
---|
582 | global STACK |
---|
583 | if len(STACK) != 0: |
---|
584 | stack_info = STACK.pop(0) |
---|
585 | STACK.clear() |
---|
586 | pc = get_addr(stack_info.pc) |
---|
587 | sp = stack_info.sp |
---|
588 | fp = stack_info.fp |
---|
589 | |
---|
590 | # pop sp, fp, pc from global stack |
---|
591 | gdb.execute('set $pc = {}'.format(pc)) |
---|
592 | gdb.execute('set $rbp = {}'.format(fp)) |
---|
593 | gdb.execute('set $sp = {}'.format(sp)) |
---|
594 | |
---|
595 | # must be at C++ frame to access C++ vars |
---|
596 | gdb.execute('frame 1') |
---|
597 | #else: |
---|
598 | #print('reset: empty stack') #probably does not have to print msg |
---|
599 | |
---|
600 | Clusters() |
---|
601 | ClusterProcessors() |
---|
602 | PrevTask() |
---|
603 | ResetOriginFrame() |
---|
604 | Task() |
---|