%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -*- Mode: Latex -*- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% Cforall Version 1.0.0 Copyright (C) 2016 University of Waterloo
%%
%% The contents of this file are covered under the licence agreement in the
%% file "LICENCE" distributed with Cforall.
%%
%% common.tex --
%%
%% Author           : Peter A. Buhr
%% Created On       : Sat Apr  9 10:06:17 2016
%% Last Modified By : Peter A. Buhr
%% Last Modified On : Sun Feb 25 23:30:09 2024
%% Update Count     : 645
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\setlength{\textheight}{9in}
%\oddsidemargin 0.0in
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.8}		% float must be greater than X of the page before it is forced onto its own page
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{0.8}		% float must be greater than X of the page before it is forced onto its own page
\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.8}	% float must be greater than X of the page before it is forced onto its own page
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.0}		% the entire page maybe devoted to floats with no text on the page at all

\lefthyphenmin=4						% hyphen only after 4 characters
\righthyphenmin=4

\usepackage[ignoredisplayed]{enumitem}	% do not affect trivlist
\setlist{labelsep=1ex}% global
\setlist[itemize]{topsep=0.5ex,parsep=0.25ex,itemsep=0.25ex,listparindent=\parindent,leftmargin=\parindent}% global
\setlist[itemize,1]{label=\textbullet}% local
%\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{{\raisebox{0.25ex}{\footnotesize$\bullet$}}}
\setlist[enumerate]{topsep=0.5ex,parsep=0.25ex,itemsep=0.25ex,listparindent=\parindent}% global
\setlist[enumerate,2]{leftmargin=\parindent,labelsep=*,align=parleft,label=\alph*.}% local
\setlist[description]{topsep=0.5ex,itemsep=0pt,listparindent=\parindent,leftmargin=\parindent,labelsep=1.5ex}

% Names used in the document.

\usepackage{xspace}
\newcommand{\CFAIcon}{\textsf{C\raisebox{\depth}{\rotatebox{180}A}}} % Cforall icon
\newcommand{\CFA}{\protect\CFAIcon\xspace}				% CFA symbolic name
\newcommand{\CFL}{\textrm{Cforall}\xspace}				% Cforall non-icon name
\newcommand{\Celeven}{\textrm{C1\hspace*{-0.4ex}1}\xspace} % C11 symbolic name

\newcommand{\CCIcon}{\textrm{C}\kern-.1em\hbox{+\kern-.25em+}} % C++ icon
% numbers disallowed in latex variables names => use number names
\newcommand{\CCeleven}{\protect\CCIcon{1\hspace*{-0.4ex}1}\xspace} % C++11 symbolic name
\newcommand{\CCfourteen}{\protect\CCIcon{14}\xspace}	% C++14 symbolic name
\newcommand{\CCseventeen}{\protect\CCIcon{17}\xspace}	% C++17 symbolic name
\newcommand{\CCtwenty}{\protect\CCIcon{20}\xspace}		% C++20 symbolic name
\newcommand{\CC}[1][]{\protect\CCIcon{#1}\xspace}		% C++ symbolic name
\newcommand{\Cpp}[1][]{\CC{#1}}							% C++ synonym

\newcommand{\Csharp}{C\raisebox{-0.7ex}{\relsize{2}$^\sharp$}\xspace} % C# symbolic name

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\usepackage[scaled=0.85]{helvet}						% descent Helvetica font and scale to times size
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{relsize}									% must be after change to small or selects old size
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{calc}										% latex arithmetic

% remove special-character warning in PDF side-bar names
\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{
  \pdfstringdefDisableCommands{
  \def\CFA{\CFL}
  \def\Celeven{C11\xspace}
  \def\CC{C++\xspace}
  \def\CCeleven{C++11\xspace}
  \def\CCfourteen{C++14\xspace}
  \def\CCseventeen{C++17\xspace}
  \def\CCtwenty{C++20\xspace}
  \def\Csharp{C\#\xspace}
  \def\lstinline{\xspace}% must use {} as delimiters, e.g., \lstinline{...}
  }{}
}

% parindent is relative, i.e., toggled on/off in environments like itemize, so store the value for
% use rather than use \parident directly.
\newlength{\parindentlnth}
\setlength{\parindentlnth}{\parindent}

% reduce size of chapter/section titles
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
  \vspace*{50\p@}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
        \large\bfseries \@chapapp\space \thechapter
        \par\nobreak
        \vskip 5\p@
    \fi
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \Large \bfseries #1\par\nobreak
    \vskip 50\p@
  }}
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
  \vspace*{50\p@}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
    \normalfont
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \Large \bfseries  #1\par\nobreak
    \vskip 50\p@
  }}
\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-3.0ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}{1.5ex \@plus .2ex}{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-2.75ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}{1.25ex \@plus .2ex}{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-2.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}{1.0ex \@plus .2ex}{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}{-2.0ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}{-1em}{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{4}{\z@}{-1.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}{-1em}{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\itshape}}

% index macros
\newcommand{\italic}[1]{\emph{\hyperpage{#1}}}
\newcommand{\Definition}[1]{\textbf{\hyperpage{#1}}}
\newcommand{\see}[1]{(see #1)}

% Define some commands that produce formatted index entries suitable for cross-references.
% ``\spec'' produces entries for specifications of entities.  ``\impl'' produces entries for their
% implementations, and ``\use'' for their uses.

%  \newcommand{\bold}[1]{{\bf #1}}
%  \def\spec{\@bsphack\begingroup
%             \def\protect##1{\string##1\space}\@sanitize
%             \@wrxref{|bold}}
\def\impl{\@bsphack\begingroup
          \def\protect##1{\string##1\space}\@sanitize
          \@wrxref{|Definition}}
\newcommand{\indexcode}[1]{{\lstinline$#1$}}
\def\use{\@bsphack\begingroup
         \def\protect##1{\string##1\space}\@sanitize
         \@wrxref{|hyperpage}}
\def\@wrxref#1#2{\let\thepage\relax
    \xdef\@gtempa{\write\@indexfile{\string
    \indexentry{#2@{\lstinline$#2$}#1}{\thepage}}}\endgroup\@gtempa
    \if@nobreak \ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi\@esphack}
%\newcommand{\use}[1]{\index{#1@{\lstinline$#1$}}}
%\newcommand{\impl}[1]{\index{\protect#1@{\lstinline$\protect#1$}|Definition}}

% inline text and lowercase index: \Index{inline and lowercase index text}
\newcommand{\Index}{\@ifstar\@sIndex\@Index}
% inline text and as-in index: \Index[as-is index text]{inline text}
\newcommand{\@Index}[2][\@empty]{\lowercase{\def\temp{#2}}#2\ifx#1\@empty\index{\temp}\else\index{#1@{\protect#2}}\fi}
% inline text but index with different as-is text: \Index[index text]{inline text}
\newcommand{\@sIndex}[2][\@empty]{#2\ifx#1\@empty\index{#2}\else\index{#1@{\protect#2}}\fi}

% inline text and code index (cannot use ©)
\newcommand{\Indexc}[2][\@empty]{\lstinline[#1]$#2$\index{#2@\lstinline[#1]$#2$}}
% code index (cannot use ©)
\newcommand{\indexc}[2][\@empty]{\index{#2@\lstinline[#1]$#2$}}

% Denote newterms in particular font and index them without particular font and in lowercase, e.g., \newterm{abc}.
% The option parameter provides an index term different from the new term, e.g., \newterm[\texttt{abc}]{abc}
% The star version does not lowercase the index information, e.g., \newterm*{IBM}.
\newcommand{\newtermFontInline}{\emph}
\newcommand{\newterm}{\protect\@ifstar\@snewterm\@newterm}
\newcommand{\@newterm}[2][\@empty]{\lowercase{\def\temp{#2}}{\newtermFontInline{#2}}\ifx#1\@empty\index{\temp}\else\index{#1@{\protect#2}}\fi}
\newcommand{\@snewterm}[2][\@empty]{{\newtermFontInline{#2}}\ifx#1\@empty\index{#2}\else\index{#1@{\protect#2}}\fi}

% \snake{<identifier>}
% Improves writing of snake case (or any convention that uses _) by allowing
% line breaks after _. Disables commands inside the block and formats the
% identifier to look like code.
\newcommand*\snake[1]{\snakefont{\expandafter\snake@next\detokenize{#1}\@nil}}

% \snakefont{<text>}
% Command used by \snake, you may renew the command to change its formating.
\newcommand*\snakefont[1]{\LstBasicStyle{#1}}

% Thanks Manuel of TeX Stack exchange. (I got the base pattern from one of
% their answers.) Note: \@nil should never be defined.
\newcommand*\snake@next[1]{\ifx\@nil#1\else
  \expandafter\ifx\string_#1\string_\allowbreak\else#1\fi
  \expandafter\snake@next\fi
}

% \lang{<language>}{<code>}
% Use the listings package to format the snipit of <code> in <language>.
\newcommand{\lang}[2]{\lstinline[language=#1]{#2}}

% Latin abbreviation
\newcommand{\abbrevFont}{\textit}			% set empty for no italics
% If not followed by a comma or colon, add a comma.
\newcommand{\CheckCommaColon}{\@ifnextchar{,}{}{\@ifnextchar{:}{}{,\xspace}}}
% If not followed by a period, add a period.
\newcommand{\CheckPeriod}{\@ifnextchar{.}{}{.\xspace}}

\newcommand{\EG}{\abbrevFont{e}.\abbrevFont{g}.}
\newcommand{\eg}{\EG\CheckCommaColon}

\newcommand{\IE}{\abbrevFont{i}.\abbrevFont{e}.}
\newcommand{\ie}{\IE\CheckCommaColon}

\newcommand{\ETC}{\abbrevFont{etc}}
\newcommand{\etc}{\ETC\CheckPeriod}

\newcommand{\ETAL}{\abbrevFont{et}~\abbrevFont{al}}
\newcommand{\etal}{\ETAL\CheckPeriod}

\newcommand{\VIZ}{\abbrevFont{viz}}
\newcommand{\viz}{\VIZ\CheckPeriod}

\newcommand{\VS}{\abbrevFont{vs}}
\newcommand{\vs}{\VS\CheckPeriod}

\newenvironment{cquote}{%
	\list{}{\lstset{resetmargins=true,aboveskip=0pt,belowskip=0pt}\topsep=4pt\parsep=0pt\leftmargin=\parindentlnth\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
	\item\relax
}{%
	\endlist
}% cquote

\newenvironment{rationale}{%
  \begin{cquote}\noindent$\Box$\enspace
}{%
  \hfill\enspace$\Box$\end{cquote}
}%

% blocks and titles
\newcommand{\define}[1]{\emph{#1\/}\index{#1}}
\newcommand{\rewriterules}{\paragraph{Rewrite Rules}~\par\noindent}
\newcommand{\examples}{\paragraph{Examples}~\par\noindent}
\newcommand{\semantics}{\paragraph{Semantics}~\par\noindent}
\newcommand{\constraints}{\paragraph{Constraints}~\par\noindent}
\newcommand{\predefined}{\paragraph{Predefined Identifiers}~\par\noindent}

% BNF macros
\newenvironment{syntax}{
\paragraph{Syntax}
\begin{cquote}
\begin{description}[noitemsep,leftmargin=\parindentlnth]
}{
\end{description}
\end{cquote}
}
% \def\syntax{\paragraph{Syntax}\trivlist\parindent=.5in\item[\hskip.5in]}
%\let\endsyntax=\endtrivlist
\newcommand{\lhs}[1]{\item[\emph{#1:}\index{#1@{\emph{#1}}|italic}]~\ignorespaces}
\newcommand{\oldlhs}[1]{\item[\emph{#1:}\index{#1@{\emph{#1}}|italic}~\dots]~}
\newcommand{\rhs}{\hfil\newline}
\newcommand{\nonterm}[1]{\emph{#1}\index{#1@{\emph{#1}}|italic}}
\newcommand{\opt}{$_{opt}$\ }

\usepackage{varioref}					% extended references
% adjust varioref package with default "section" and "page" titles, and optional title with faraway page numbers
% \VRef{label} => Section 2.7, \VPageref{label} => page 17
% \VRef[Figure]{label} => Figure 3.4, \VPageref{label} => page 17
\renewcommand{\reftextfaceafter}{\unskip}
\renewcommand{\reftextfacebefore}{\unskip}
\renewcommand{\reftextafter}{\unskip}
\renewcommand{\reftextbefore}{\unskip}
\renewcommand{\reftextfaraway}[1]{\unskip, p.~\pageref{#1}}
\renewcommand{\reftextpagerange}[2]{\unskip, pp.~\pageref{#1}--\pageref{#2}}
\newcommand{\VRef}[2][Section]{\ifx#1\@empty\else{#1}\nobreakspace\fi\vref{#2}}
\newcommand{\VRefrange}[3][Sections]{\ifx#1\@empty\else{#1}\nobreakspace\fi\vrefrange{#2}{#3}}
\newcommand{\VPageref}[2][page]{\ifx#1\@empty\else{#1}\nobreakspace\fi\pageref{#2}}
\newcommand{\VPagerefrange}[3][pages]{\ifx#1\@empty\else{#1}\nobreakspace\fi\pageref{#2}{#3}}

\let\Oldthebibliography\thebibliography
\renewcommand\thebibliography[1]{
  \Oldthebibliography{#1}
  \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}				% reduce vertical spacing between references
  \setlength{\itemsep}{5pt plus 0.3ex}
}%

\usepackage{listings}									% format program code
\usepackage{lstlang}

\newcommand{\LstBasicStyle}[1]{{\lst@basicstyle{#1}}}
\newcommand{\LstKeywordStyle}[1]{{\lst@basicstyle{\lst@keywordstyle{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\LstCommentStyle}[1]{{\lst@basicstyle{\lst@commentstyle{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\LstStringStyle}[1]{{\lst@basicstyle{\lst@stringstyle{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\LstNumberStyle}[1]{{\lst@basicstyle{\lst@numberstyle{#1}}}}

\newlength{\gcolumnposn}				% temporary hack because lstlisting does not handle tabs correctly
\newlength{\columnposn}
\setlength{\gcolumnposn}{3in}
\setlength{\columnposn}{\gcolumnposn}
\newcommand{\setgcolumn}[1]{\global\gcolumnposn=#1\global\columnposn=\gcolumnposn}
\newcommand{\C}[2][\@empty]{\ifx#1\@empty\else\global\setlength{\columnposn}{#1}\global\columnposn=\columnposn\fi\hfill\makebox[\textwidth-\columnposn][l]{\LstCommentStyle{#2}}}
\newcommand{\CD}[2][\@empty]{\ifx#1\@empty\else\global\setlength{\columnposn}{#1}\global\columnposn=\columnposn\fi\hfill\makebox[\textwidth-\columnposn][l]{\LstBasicStyle{#2}}}
\newcommand{\CRT}{\global\columnposn=\gcolumnposn}

% allow escape sequence in lstinline
%\usepackage{etoolbox}
%\patchcmd{\lsthk@TextStyle}{\let\lst@DefEsc\@empty}{}{}{\errmessage{failed to patch}}

% allow adding to lst literate
\def\addToLiterate#1{\protect\edef\lst@literate{\unexpanded\expandafter{\lst@literate}\unexpanded{#1}}}
\lst@Key{add to literate}{}{\addToLiterate{#1}}

\newcommand{\CFAStyle}{%
\lstset{
columns=fullflexible,
basicstyle=\linespread{0.9}\sf,			% reduce line spacing and use sanserif font
stringstyle=\small\tt,					% use typewriter font
tabsize=5,								% N space tabbing
xleftmargin=\parindentlnth,				% indent code to paragraph indentation
extendedchars=true,						% allow ASCII characters in the range 128-255
mathescape=false,						% disable LaTeX math escape in CFA code $...$
keepspaces=true,						%
showstringspaces=false,					% do not show spaces with cup
showlines=true,							% show blank lines at end of code
aboveskip=4pt,							% spacing above/below code block
belowskip=2pt,
numberstyle=\footnotesize\sf,			% numbering style
% replace/adjust listing characters that look bad in sanserif
literate=
%  {-}{\makebox[1ex][c]{\raisebox{0.4ex}{\rule{0.75ex}{0.1ex}}}}1
  {-}{\raisebox{-1pt}{\ttfamily-}}1
  {^}{\raisebox{0.6ex}{\(\scriptstyle\land\,\)}}1
  {~}{\raisebox{0.3ex}{\(\scriptstyle\sim\,\)}}1
  {'}{\ttfamily'\hspace*{-0.4ex}}1
  {`}{\ttfamily\upshape\hspace*{-0.3ex}`}1
  {<-}{$\leftarrow$}2
  {=>}{$\Rightarrow$}2
%  {->}{\raisebox{-1pt}{\texttt{-}}\kern-0.1ex\textgreater}2,
}% lstset
}% CFAStyle

\ifdefined\CFALatin% extra Latin-1 escape characters
\lstnewenvironment{cfa}[1][]{% necessary
\lstset{
language=CFA,
escapechar=§,							% LaTeX escape in CFA code §...§ (section symbol), emacs: C-q M-'
moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{®}{®},	% red highlighting ®...® (registered trademark symbol) emacs: C-q M-.
%moredelim=**[is][\color{blue}]{ß}{ß},	% blue highlighting ß...ß (sharp s symbol) emacs: C-q M-_
%moredelim=**[is][\color{OliveGreen}]{¢}{¢}, % green highlighting ¢...¢ (cent symbol) emacs: C-q M-"
%moredelim=[is][\lstset{keywords={}}]{¶}{¶}, % keyword escape ¶...¶ (pilcrow symbol) emacs: C-q M-^
}% lstset
\lstset{#1}% necessary
}{}
% inline code ©...© (copyright symbol) emacs: C-q M-)
\lstMakeShortInline©					% single-character for \lstinline

\else% regular ASCI characters

\lstnewenvironment{cfa}[1][]{% necessary
\lstset{
language=CFA,
escapechar=\$,							% LaTeX escape in CFA code
moredelim=**[is][\color{red}]{@}{@},	% red highlighting @...@
}% lstset
\lstset{#1}% necessary
}{}
% inline code @...@ (at symbol)
\lstMakeShortInline@					% single-character for \lstinline
\fi%

% Local Variables: %
% tab-width: 4 %
% fill-column: 100 %
% End: %